rr
bu
6
ADDRESS OF WELCOME.
Delivered licfurotlioOnKon Stato Teach
eni' Institute, by Oov. H. 1'. CilAimiCK, at
Nalotn, Oregon, Atif-ust Hint, 1377
Mr. I'icMiltntTifichcrii, f.mUci muldcnlk-
Mem
ilti liohalf of tho Hoard or lUucatlon of
thin ."inn, wo liuarthy welcome you tu n
arllcl.iitloti In llio tluilen nnd exorcises: ol
tho pri-iont Mission of llin Mtuto Teachers'
luslliiito. Vo trust that what may bo hald
anil ilmiu Imro will incroaso .onr Intercut In
lhci!iiso or education. Anil wo trust nl.o
that you may If-el Hi it ll procoodlunH will
jirovo valuniilo to scholars as well to teach
er anil Hint tliov my ho u Joy and a )ji
uro to all ol you. And also on bohalr ol tho
Komi iooilonf Salem wo uotonno you tii
our lionnlful city, ami to Hi hospitalities.
Tho honor of opoulnt this Touchera' Irwtl
tutu rolitioii onu who, wlillo ho osteoma It
a Kruat prlvlloKo to wolconio no InlolllKoiitu
bodynf ladluH and Kontlomcn as compose
this assomulai'o, to their annual least of n a
mil and nodal lopast, feels that lm Is not iililo
to do full JiiHtlco to tho occasion. lt tho din-chari-o
ol this pleasant duty, howovor, wo
Hlmli notcoiillnooiiraolf loono thome, hut
depart from thuiisualjpatli In tho address lino
aidprunuiitbuch (llncurIvo llioiulits'rtiiimy
naturally iirlso In our inliicl as wo look lntolhe
Hchool room. This nhutilil bn regarded and
treated by tho person nuking tho oponlnu;
nildress as hii oiKrtim!ty fur teacher to ro
celvo NUKKOstlonS) prcposl'loiis snd subjects
for discussion, anil iur toe piosonuuiuii n
elementary mill othor facts connected with
our system uf ptlhlld achnols. Tho inodo of
teaching simply what them Is now to bo
tauuht lu theso schools In coining to bu re
garded ns liisiifllulont, compared Willi whit
Hhould bo laUKht In them. Wo uioablii only
to prcneiit aomo of tho reasons for this con
clusion, leaving tho Umtlon vrhothorlhey
iiro correct or not for jour oonililt-ratlon.
Til It Tl.'.VCIIKlt.
At tl.o outset wo will kIwii. tlioui-litlo tho
teacher, who a o may say is tho occasion or
this npirllud nin vocation. Our school teacher
has u very rosponsllilu tusk to porlorm. Jus
lluilo him requires that woiickunwIodKoat
oiiuo tho miIiiii and Importance of lilsvoca
tl'ni, ItlslnillHMinMblo. His nor vlco (!)(
not slop with tho Nuhool work proper, but
S(iiiiiitliM(.s extends lo that ulilch belongs to
parents. Wo reel that our ii-.tlni.ilo of him
is notion IiIkIi, when wo declaro that of all
the public olllces wo could mention there aro
noiio moro liiiKirtant and responsible than
tlml of tho school teacher, and when tho
liMtloii In well llllod, none moro uouirviui.
of llhutal Mipport.
Without tho nIIkiiIw.1 lii'iulry Into the fciir
roiindlnuH,wu hand our child ovot at linearly
mill tender hk to tho hoIiooI tt'achor,whols In
ul most every IniiluncoaiitraiiKor to both tin
reutH anil child, and In iiionI eases remains
ho to tho parents. May wo ask, who U this
hoIiihiI toachoiT wnon me cunu euiers upon
his hchool caroer, Ills taken lorRrantodby
parents that his welfare Is secured and that
tho needful Instruction will follow, Why?
Hocuusu mII depends on the teacher. Wo
new discover that tho nre.ilost conlldenco Is
centered In this teacher urslraiiKur, and why
Is ItT Could any other stranuor lako this
child Into his custody dtirliiu ttiu lumy hours
of tho day, or at nny other liiuo mid rotaln
Itlln places parents hoIiIoiii, lfeer, vialt?
Those school aroHcattorod all over our Stato.
and thoro am but few faiulUe who do not
reside within bchool districts. From tho re
lation of pa routs and teacher, It la apparout
that homo kind of a contract oilsla between
thum, tho consideration of which, on tho part
or parents Is conlldouco, and oil tho part of
teachers, responsibility, oducatlon holiiK the
Inducement on both aides. Unto wo not
heard of Koodmothors wholoiiKed foriialiool
days ho Hint tho little ones could ho aont
where they would bo out of tho way? Homo
children, before they are able to utility arm
wilt to tho school room, which, by some, Is
rKirdod us u kind ir nursery fur Inrunls. At
Unit iiuo inlKht think that parents who placo
their ehlhlteli In tho Hands of l lit mi strangers
nt h.i otrly mi uo, nro tluiUKhllesi and
criiul. Hut Mich Is not tho fact, l'arents
may mind their children to the hchool
nmui, to holHiit'hlor lo lelievo IheinseUos
of ii lemHirary annoyance. In either ca-e
wo ran him tho liubouiiiled coulldnnco reKis
sl In thu teacher. When I ho almost helploss
Infant (Mil bu made lo Ml pitleiilly hirblx
hou -h dully on the tradltiou.il ncIiooI bonch.
throutcli ftmr of, or love for, tho teacher, and
when wn nrocallod on tohiuid our children
to Heboid In study their books, conlldenco lu
tho tiui'hor, thouuh u stranger, xlves us ea.o
nnd nil lev us luiuuiiauxieiyaimiiiourMmiii
limly uiiismul for children. This teacher In
whom wn plauu this itrnit coiilldeuco was at
onu tlmo miniif HiiiMi little Innocents, And
no doubt from the prummt iiiomeiit he can
look back In Hiii period when under dUci
pllim ho could uot"r.i.l his title clear." He
was ipilto as contented w It Ii I lie teacher ns at
home. Ami he Inn nIiicu rcaliz! that hchool
life Hhould In all respects hariuoulto with
hoiiiii lllii. A civ) nil iik to our theory Ihn nu
thorlty or parents ami Huchors uliould bo
iniiliul, Wo linvojiidicial authority on this
imluli
The Supremo Court of Maine tins decided
that ell her ii teacher or parent may correct ii
child Iur ml-vomlui't on Hie way between
homo noil M'hool, In hcIiihiI the tiut'linr'n
KUthuiily Isalnoluto; at home, tho parent!
tu nnd from miIiihiI tho Jiiilsdlclliui Is con
i-urretit and nolh timelier iitnl parents must
Wm'p punishment wllhln rea-onablo limits as
lo MiNerlU.
Tu tiH-elMi n htranuo child, to temper Its
illsKiUlun,eleatiiiiH smuilard of tliout'ht,
ilUi'lpllue lis mind and tlually to turn It out
on the world educated and titled fur tho re
iiilriiiiu iit of . ).ii.. ileMiliin iixiii tins im
often unaiipicciiti-d miIuhiI teacher. Tiieru
Is HinielliloK uklu In genius In the perMiii
whucaii ri'talu this cuitlilencti nf pnrents
and thu public. Wn do not mean by till
that ho is or should he ixmr In this world's
KiMid the f.iliiof ceuiiK, hut that he Hhould
ho i I'll luipi'iillliM of mind, ure, cviieruu
mid nt'blii, lu older lo perfu't him In the
work of til profusion In welcouiliiK jou
to Hits lnHliliii we hut iiiUtuvou In pertoriu
eel er il diys of hard Ubor. Wn may ak a
few iUeil.uisor inake siiuiii sui!):e-.thuis f.ir
your consideration. Wo inav oomuicui'o bv
ksjIiik Hint tie IfMicher i-tionlil msis a
knowledge of phisloliiB.v. No tenidier can
bocuiniMiti'iit in his nilllUK without llil.
kmiwIiiUe. Ilokhiiild carefully utiidy the
Muer iiliindnraiHsiof the meii'ii' and plil
(Ml apii.iriitus of his kchol irs.aud their ,ihllit
to purloin! the allotted Hsks of the cliixo
nviill. A lille IhiU would act well Mr Hie
child lutKlit ilelroy iiuolhel.
As tlin is-miiioinMHiltli pruvlihs Air Iheisl
iiiMtlou of her children tiv law. would It not
bo n UmeCt to ctiuiiniiiilly Iur teacher m
tiwt the .Milne ofechool u by their pmfes.
loiml eprii'iuiti? Is ihf re iiiithlui; lu Hui
laws which should heuiiiendod or repfilil?
Is Ihero imlHimi'lhlUtf thai could be added
lotheiuT Should ediiiMtlou bitconipulsorj T
iKiiorauco ih.it lpiealeut in tbocoiiutiy
liiipreke men of prusnv more unit more be
rlouslv with Hut iieid (ifcouipleto ytems or
mluoillon as a uirausiir wvlal and pilltliMl
K-ifity. While It is Hie duty of the Slate or
Nation In adopt n liberal ineaMire of (Hluca
Hon.n plan olkomeklud Is common to all
cl Hired nations, And whatsver that
lorn is, or however popular, there will be
found kMuiowhvru or somehow, delecta from
time to time that call for correction, Criti
cisms on Uibto biit'Jects from teichora are al
ways lu order. You tuny think wo aro load
ing down tho school toachor with hoavy
weights, and no doubt woaru ton grtntex
tent. Atlas, with tho world on his back, but
porsot fttod tho (school teacher lu our opinion,
as hemniKKlcs along the; road to the school
room for tho honor and tjlory of iho Htato.
tt'tUOM AMI COMMUNITY.
Whalovur school system Is ndopetd It
proves Itself on tho raco mint? It. Hero Is
the test, whether tho system Is sulllclont or
not for tho wanta of scholars. When nations
werodeadto tho Importuned of this subject
they woro doad Indeed. Tho monarch ro
Kiirded his subject, "as a being untaught,
tiucomrorted, 111 rod, to plno dully In thick
o.-Hctiratlonj Iniriuallld destitution and oh
struc!Ion,"tlii,Carlylo snyp, "Is tho lot or
tho millions." And ho Instances the case lu
Brittany when the people- roso In rovollat
the Introduction of iunduluiu clocks, think
ing It had Motnetiilug to do with tho
"gabollo" or oxebe.
Common schools haro produced a groat
change lu this ros.pr.ot. Tho minister of i'uli
Ho liistrucllon In Franco concluded a val
uable paper a few yoars slnco uu Tree educa
tion as follows:
1st. 1'ubllo Instruction Is a great public
sorvlco.
lid. This sorvlco llko all services which
benefit the wholo community, ought to bo
paid for by tho wholo community,
.Id, 'Iho right ol HUllrago has lor Its corol
lary thu duty of Instruction and overy cltt
Z'jn ought to know how to road, as ho ought
lo near arms mm pay taxos.
These 'impositions am truo, nnd In ordor
to make ilium so appear under our system of
ediicatlon.wodosiru to goto tho foundation of
Hie wlioliiijiientlon, All or this school work
or plan of instruction emanates Iroin assici
illon, combination, community. This com
munity should have a head; thoro should
bo harmony In Its organization. It should
posuss virtue mid Intelligence Its groat
power Is fjiiml in those elements. Ills n
iiody having n common Intorcitand purpoo.
For tho protection mid happiness or its mem
beii. civil nnd political codes ol laws nro en
acted. It must Hct on tho principle, or mu
tual probation and advancement, Thu Stato
is but h community, tho town or city Is no
moro unit unless, To pieseryunml porpot
uato this community, great responsibility
rests on parents, who nro members of It.
I'uronts urn the pillars on which it rents. And
wo limy usk If they do not promlto by Irtuu
or this community of Interest lu and or
which they aro tho life, to prepare tholr chil
dren ror their succession In thin compact; to
qualiry Ihem for thu discharge of those dutloi
which nicy win unvotonssumo wnennvor
I hoy shall iirrlvo nt their majority. This
community orcomtnonwoaltu has mado pro
vision by law for tho education of Its chil
dren rich or poor.
tiii: noY considi:iu:i.
Tho duty of tho community and that of tho
parents of chlldrou aro plain nnd should bo
well understood, mo community in which
Iho child llvos owos It an education. Is not
tho child a part of tho coinmunwoalth?
Does not tho body polltlo havo it property In
tho child? Wo will consider tho school boy
In his relation to tho community In which ho
llvos. And It will bo a sourcoof somo Inter
est to soo how dlllorontly tho boy of tho
chool room may be troatod by men of learn
ing. Professor l'lckard, at tho National 11
ucatlonal Association of Mlnnosotn, gavo a
humorously scloutlllo description of tho boy,
under the question "What shall wo do with
our boys?" Ho answers that tho hoy, "Isu
moinberor thu animal kingdom, sub king
dom vortebrata, class mammalia, nu animal
with a backbone moro or loss lioxlblo and
dorlvlng support Irom Its mother, ofton rar
Into manhood, and having two hand lltted
for grasping, climbing, lighting, etc. Hols
ondowod with a llcklo disposition, pormlttlng
lihil lo ho good, bail and Indlirureul In the
saiuo day; nu ambition nnd doslro to go and
seons much ns other boy; n faith, love and
soiiM) or justice: will never allow himself to
climb upon n lenco until ho grows older nnd
hoglns to reason. Hoy life must ho studied
nnd Individuality encouraged. Whlspirlng
and iiiattnntlou nro faults, profanity nnd ob
scenity are mimes. Faults need correction,
crime requires ptinlshmont. Many a oor
negloctod boy Is not f) ha pomonnlly blamed
for his faults, and kindness and card nro thu
truo corrections for such a child,"
l'rof. 1'lcksrd makes llthndutyortoachors
to encourage hoys by Hultablo towards and
to reform lliom by attention and klnduoss,
placing their trust In Divine power. Here
the boy Is treated ns a ineru animal, ir onu
treads iion him ho will npilrm llko any
other worm, If ho Is vicious, uitiio him with
kindness as you would a wild horse. This
vlow does not meet tho caio. Wo think ho
may ho looked upon In n dllfiirent light to
lilscreillt. nupposo we consular litmus o
iiiiicIi Intelligent capital stock or Iho com
munity, placo the sover.il sclbiitlllo estimates
uMiu him nnd boo how ho stands,
rsychologlcally oonslilorod, the boy Is re
garded for study and culture, ns a thinking,
rellecllngnud reasoning animal, and by tho
iwycholonUt It la declared that tho meutnl
Miworaof attention, reception and labor or
cogitation am limited by dellnlto lawn which
cannot ha broken without Injury, nnd that
they are often grossly violated lu nil our
common hchools. Due of the most distin
guished psychologists declarea (hat four
hours of steady mental labor aro as much as
Hhould bo required of the hardest heads and
harilekt mental workers. If this la truo the
lnwH.of mind aro broken by tho present re
quirements ofour common school system
which call fornix hour of dally mental work
ror tho soft mid tender heads or Infants
and itmwlng children.
Tim phynliiloglal regards tho boy us an nr
KaulaiidMihJtH't lo Important laws lor his
rearing and conservation One miiong tho
ablest phynlnloglMs declara that the length
of HodMilary constraint or young children t
live or lx hours or daily desk work that
-iilliiro of tlin mind without culture tiftho
body Is In violation of tho Isms of plivslolu
gy, and Hut all oer bodily work In the lu
laullliiktiiKiiN, Is, during the Inter Manes In
Hih idults Injurious to the organism, Impair
liglts power and durability. IbetcotuimlM
might duel I Minion hat on the produodon of
thu material inoius the food and clothing of
the pupil and the expenses iv training nnd
teaclilug htm and the return for the uutliy
I'he polleal la'onoinlut regards Hie young
man as an Inlt Highlit prnductUo fonv, "v.il
liable to the extent uud quality ot its yield "
We am w lllllig lu aserltuai the b.i is a pecu
in irv liiMKlmeiil I'.ir urollt, and ii In duty
laiundtn rolurii the highest udvmca our
and nboo thoeoitufhU nurture and rearing
ll man would study his force with n view lo
pic-ene It, In tho light preseitted It would
I'llhuueo lilt nolf-rosprct and others would
think moro highly or him. Tho rcounmUt
uska for the iniuiium aM-rage i.pene urn
bov from Infancy to tloit g when he Is tit
led by education nml tnibilug lo become of
ii mi to Iho community cf w hlcJi he Is n mem
bori ata tliuewhen he lsoouiK.tent to servo
tlincoiiiiiioiiAtaUlt in mechanic, lu rm
uieli'e, lu ngrii'iilturo, In tho profession, In
Its ichools, or in nny of Its labor depart
iuntH mental or physical.
The common nveuue expense of a boy we
will pi me at the low sum of tno dollars per
wiHk for n period of elghteeu years. Till
we say U an Invotinent of so iiiueh capital
iHMiiomlziHl for production. This exmns
must bo pild by pArenti, guardians or com-
WILLAMETTE
nnmlty. Involved In this oxpeno aro tho
support, moral training nnd oducatlon of
tho boy. I'nronts and community aro equal
ly responsible for his conduct and oducatlon.
Ihorolstho family relation, parental nndclal way. Fathers do not associnto ns much
filial, but conimunltj always assarts hr
injwny in mo ooy. no IS ol IU0 0pV"l
slock of tho groat hotly polltlo and asocb
must ovor bo hold valtablo and should bo
nlwavs In n condition In nans mi-rant nt mr.
It should he the prlnchilo of oomtnuiilty.tlmt
(inch inomber acts for He good of nil. Tho
Intorest of ono member should ho that of
overy ono.
Time dues not penult ts to speak hls'orlcnl
ly on this point to nny ottont. Tho historian
Informs us that thsio vas little colonial no
Hon irnny on bohalroriducntloii prior to tho
revolutionary war, nnl but llttln Interest
inanl'os'ed In l.'ngliud prior to tho tluio of
Kngllsh Immigration ti thrsoshores. Hut
whenevorand whererer we tlnd an Interest
iBkcn In Ihco schooli we discover that they
aro the outgrowth oft c immunity and woro
Instituted ror then lUntlon of tho common
wealth. In tbo Zealaiil tiprovlnceor Hol
land, In tho Nothorlinds,) school laws or
1583, education Is called "tho foundation of
the commonwealth." In li38, In tho pro
posed urtlolns for the colonization and trado
or New Netherlands It was stalod that "oaoh
housoholdornud InhaUtant shall bear such
tax nnd public chnrgo as shall heroartcr ho
considered proper lo nalntaln school mas
tots " In Itillt, It was (oinmon In mnrrlago
contracts for the partlei to prom Iso to bring
up their children decently, according to their
ability to keep them a school; to let them
learn rending, wrltlnf nnd a good trade.
And In Now Amslonhm In Iff I. wn liavn
mention mado of Hie rlrit school master
tiuro. Thus tho frui-il Hti'cli brntth: this
principle with them tu tho shores of
America.
Living spoken nf theduty ot" parents and
community to the boy, w iltulro noi toailt,
what proportion of boys lr nny, nt the ngo
when they should ilcend whnllv upon
themselves for a living aro iirotltlos? Havo
parents nr the commoniltli tested tho hoy
liy tho sovoral branohei ol Industry nnd pro
pared him with a knowle.lgoof such as ho
djslroi to follow? Why h It Hint inmiy ap.
lar to bo unllllod rather than tilted by ed
ucation, for what thoy wish lo ongago In for
ii Hi oil hood? Havo tlio wishes or theso
young men been understood by parontsor
by school nfllcers? ir community woro
morally nnd tclontlllcately sound nml If Its
Hysinm ni ouiicauon were in Harmony witn
its obligations to tho young, Ihero would bo
no wasto ofthis now and vatuahlo stock.
Hut thnro Is a wrong aouiewheroj thoro aro
profitless young men ororvwhero, and It Is
not thotr fault that It la so, Kvcry young man
would do somothlnir to ecnr.i in honorahlo
living nnd becomo u pillar In community If
no count, i no exceptions, nlloist, wouiinio
vory few. Tho nuestinn arlsns. aro thoo
young mon properly educated? As It now
s'ands thoro Is such a ruin of graduatos Into
tho liberal professions that wo nro reminded
nf tho agont who solicited Immigrants for
Kansas, years since, and olfrred to oxchsngo
ten professional mon for ono farrnor
COMMON SCHOOLS AS I'll Vttir llt.K tXTITf
T1U.NS
Thorn Ii nn Mai Hiiro i I tint lirss schools,
bocnusu Irei) to nil, nro suitalnod by tho char
ItabU purse; that they nrs places where par
ents may sond their children m'her than
have ttinm run tho streets. This Is plainly
and foro.bly stated. Hut It Is not truo. Tho
Idea has, howovor, had a bad Intluonco on
soma parents and acbolars, and tho schools
sullsr thorefrom. It Is truo tho property or
Iho many Is taxed to sustain those schooli.
From this tbo Impression goes out that the
row comparatively who are taiod uustaln thu
school. This Ii tho suportlcul face or the
system In the oyos of tboso who make this
clurga. Knowledge la all tho power society
has; all the commonwealth poiseksen. It Is
ossontlal to thoexlstsnco orthn body polltlo.
It Is knowlodgo that harmonizes thoelements
nfsoclnty and makes It a mighty agent In
doveloplngthls wondorful man-ower. Wo
havo slated that a boy Is so much capital
stock or productive force In socloty whether
rich or poor. Tho means of that socloty aro
ulodged by vtrltioof this fact to bring that
stock up to tho highest standard or value.
Aim ii is i no duty or community to bestow
upon tho bov. as It Is his absolute right to
demand n ktiowlojgo of ei cry branch of In
dustry necessary to qualify him to dloharge
his duty as a cltizsn, mid thereby add
strength nnd pnwor to Iho commonwealth ns
It Is desli-uoil ho should. Atid whonevor
this productlvo forro or capital stock In com
m unity Is frittered nway as au object or
wasto and charity, thou woo uuto tho State nr
Nation that does it. A little rending and
writing, the simple means or knowledge,
available allko lor good or evil nre all that
the pupils of these schools need In tho eyes
of those who look upon free hchool as chart
tthln Institutions. Without this productive
force there would bo no commonwealth. As
wo havo remarked this foroo is the political
power of the organized few or many, out of
which como laws for lu existence, preserva
tion and perpetuation. It wealth Is In lu
Mock.
Thu power and authority of parents within
their own family province, In iIiomi matters,
aro nn morn sacred than those that are or
should bo exercUed oyer children by
the commonwealth. This goverumnnlover
the youth IsIIiohsiiio In principle In the fam
ily as In community. It cannot be used ly
ranlcally, nor to Hie Injury of othern or fo'
tho benefit or rulers, but for tho common
good of all. Common schools are not only
the foundation, but an essential part of the
workings of the government that provides
them And In day It Is the study or men nf
culture and of soletico In the old world as
well as In tho new, how lo Impart edudtlon
to the utmost extent to all classes and couill
Hers or children. To provide lor half-time
schools wherein oi er-crowded communities
children hao to earn their own subsistence,
nnd to extend the principle of compulsion.
1'ubllo Instruction Is a treat public service
mid like all ben Ices which benctlt Hie wholo
o jiuiiuinity, ought to ho paid for by t he w holu
community
Have our school Hysttmu anything to do
wi'li Hie question, "what hsll wo do with
in. i' " if -) ns . heti i l pi i n
ho hut tt ili J.; ln-o 4i' he 1 1 --r u
tin -it fli. t. loo uuv e.jniH n hell tuiih.i-i
mai hk wun iiiucn eariituiiKo".. "iua;iiiaii
wedo wiib ihei'Oinmoiiwaalth?'1 In main
parsofuur i-ountry great alarm U Ml lor
tin- liniiro of young nun Tim large n pro
portion go to mer-crowded callings Indus
trial pur-niis are loo much .uglccted. These
arc lliu f'tuululou of tho pyramid i.f tue
social and polltU'al compact. From the u;g
lee that lmlustrUI pursuits receive lu our
Hchool Hvstem.lt would ktom that this pyra
mid stood on its urex. Our schools do not
leach Industries, lietico the young cannot
sto tho utility or such lutl'iictlon. The Idea
Isqulte common Hint a professional life Is
more honorable and lucrative than one or
physical labor. A greiter fallacy necr
found clrcuUtlou. The Idtsi shnultl ho drlv
iuioulofeerysrhool room. Tho prnfossionsl
nun Rtituds im ths same ground with Hie
man nf Industrial pursuits. The honor to be
gained from either, depends on tho skill and
Integrity of tho man. The fact U.thls tier
utcloua uotlou ubout tho superiority or a pro
rtwslonal lire, so den'.ructhe of the useful
liens or so many youug men, society de
tuands should be corrected.
I'AHKXTAI. ATTK.NTIOX,
And here U a proper place to speak of a
FARMER.
I sptcKduty of parents. Thov are too apt to
ovry'ook tholr opportunltlos and nogloctto
dlhargetbolr trust to tholr children. Wo
.rflertotho Indllferenco to chlldrou In n so
ns thoy should, as a gonernl thing, with tholr
boys. Kvery father should keep thu com
pany or his aon ns much ns possible. If ho
ilo'lros well oT his sou. thoro will bu no cl I HI
culty In gratifying Hut doslre If tho step Is
taken early. A boy naturally looks to Ills
fathor to lead In tho way of life. And If tho
father has tho welfare of tho boy always be
fore him, tho character of tho ono will be
como that or tho other lo n groat extent.
IJ'ith rathor and son aro benellttod by this
Intercourse. Tho associates or tho rather
would ho tho-o only ho would wnut his sou
to havo, nnd his pastimes would bo pru
dently selected nnd his example would ho
moro olovnted. Associate with your chil
dren nnd make much or thorn. Wo somo
times hoar or fathers who nlmost hnto their
sons or luern to do so, becauso thoy do not
como up to their fathers' expectations. And
yet these fathers, perhaps, have nover spont
n moment in studying tno nanus nnu dispo
sitions or tho boys thoy condemn. Ifn
fathor oxpects his son to grow up depending
on mo promiscuous associates no is inrown
nmong for his raising, ho should hato him
self Instead of his boy. A boy wants spoclal
attention, socloty and Intluonco of parents,
nnd their udvlco on overy Miluablo thing
that relates lo labor, mental nnd physical ;tm
uu. ui fiaiuubn. isjiiiiiiunii mm in uiujRviif
on everything tfint tends tonartiioiiizjpsMii-
ibi caro aim autfouon, wun hii ucine, itiius
solublesnlrltor llllallovo. 'Iho mind of such
a child will bo round, ns ho grows up to bo
grounded In correct moral prlnclplos, habltH
ni industry, respect ror lanor, me impor
tance and nocossltv of social Intercourse nnd
value nf homo-lite nnd authority. Ily this
warning mo icioners wouiu uniioui-itlleu no
oiiiso tho child would carrv this rosnoct for
authority and good orJor with him to tho
hjuooi room,
tiii: urt and infant scitoor, auk.
Hut to roturu to thu loiolier'a depart
ment. A word on physical Iralulng; thu tno
of thu bauds mid Ihuuycs, In somo schools
nf higher grades, milltnry tootles nro used,
In others systemlzod gymnastics, Those ox
orclses nre not common to frco schools. Kxpu
purloco shows that mlxod, bodily and mental
training gives to Iho child n greater elllclency
iur an purposes oi lanor. Any Kind ot train
1'igoruxerclso will nnswor. If It Is uolhlug
moro than work about homo. Dr. Putnam
on school gymnastics Mays: It Is not new
ossary 'that ery groat muscular power should
be dovotopod, as that Is not uocosiarlly con
dttolvo logood health, nor does It accompany
It. Hood breathing Is by no means common,
singing Is reoninmondod to aid In this partic
ular, and toglvo Increased Mwer to healthy
persons. It would sivo many nlfdclod witn
lung disorders, from early deaths. Pass
ing over tho subjects or ventilation und lm
proper postnros while ut tho dosk, wo offer a
word In referonco to tho oyes nr pupils.
Tho Infant school ago In this 8 hi to la four
years, What powor thooyo possesses ror on
durauco nt that ago Is a quostlon or groat lm
pnrtanco. Honso wo rotor to It ospec'ally,
Wo bellovo thoro Is a dIUoronco In re
spect to tho oyo, bowoon those who do not go
to school and those whodo. If thoeyo Is per
foot In Infancy, why should It not so remain?
why should not the oyo retain Its power for
three sooro yoara and ton? Would It not bo
strango to soo an Indian with oyo glasses or
spectacles on his nose? Wo havo board of
Indians ono liuiidroj yoara old, and perhaps
havo seen thorn, Itut wo nover heard of ono
using any means to assist tbo oyo. This cus
torn we think belongs to civilized people In
not tho oyo aflectod by our liatilts.aud so
much so at to Imiwlr the sight at an early
age? The power of descrying objects at vast
distances apoear to bo bornditarv. This Is
proven by two races of mm, iho Mongols of
tsoriuern Asia anil iuo iiouentots or south
ern Africa; tbey dwell ou vast plalui. that
seem to stretch without limit lu overy dlrro
Hon, This powor was acquired by habit In
each case, and being kept up by use lu suc
cessive generations It has become llxedly
hereditary. And may not overtaxation of
theso organs conllned to school work, so Im
pair the sight ns In tluio to produce a race of
noar-slghtcd poople?
In tho Cincinnati schools not long since,
the number ul eyes examined was 1, ail; In
thu district kchools 13"J7 100 per cent woro
near-sighted. Tho eyes or scholars of somo
of tho llrooklyn schools and Now York Col
lege, etc., were examined, nnd or '. ',841 oyes
examined IbsO had normal refraction, MS
werenoar-alghtod, and t.7woroover.slgbted.
Dr. Howe an occulta!, recently examined
the eyes of tho llulMlo, N. Y. school chil
dren, and ho reports that of the onu thousand
and three pupils of various ages whoso eyes
he tested, no less than thirty-live percent,
had inherited or acquired defective vision.
Of these about twenty per cent were near
sighted; nearly twelve por cent were far
sighted, und about three aud a half por
ceut. hud vision so defective ns to bo beyond
tho reach of help by glasses or any
other mode of treatment. This tm
palrmout of the vision so far ns near
slghtednehsU concerned, Is a gradual result,
corresponding generally to the age ofthe pu
pil nnd his or her attendance at school.
Among children not oi or nix yearn of age he
found nono that were near-sighted, Ily the
ilmo they are soyeu years old, however, Ave
out of every one hundred have acquired
short Hlght; when thoy am cloven years old.
there aro eleven out of evviy one hundred
similarly troubled; when thirteen yearsor
age, there are nineteen In a hundred, and at
eiguteen years, twenty hix out oi every one
lui nil red pupils havo become uear-slghled,
Dr. Howe concludes that lu tho llutfilo
bchooU, about ono pupil out or overy tour
that goes so far u,s to graduate nt tho high
schools Is made near blghted for life, lie
dot-s not charge the whole of the injury upon
thu schools, but makes allowance for that
proportion which may be dun to Inherited
defects of vision and that which results from
overtaxing tho evM-Hight at home.
Dr. Lincoln, of ll.:bton, read u paper of
great value before the Aiuerlcau Social Set-
ones Com eiitlon, hn being the Secretary of
ton iieattu iiopiriuioiu, at ivurott, tu is,o, on
I lie "care ui uiocyes in suuijiii ami else
where," nrcd on ' health tu the public
schools." It has not been our pleasure to
procure a cupv of this paper, we speak of It
uuly trom a briet notice mat wo outlined of
tt. Ills rule--, for ihn cire ol tho eye aro
summed up as folloivi ; M-u that the room Is
(-oiiirortfibly cool and the feet warm; that
there tiuo.lilue tight Hlout the neck; tint
there is plenty or light w Ithout dazzling the
ee; itut ihbaiiu does not shliio directly on
the object wo are at work upon; that the
light does not come from In front, it Is best
when It comes oyer thu leftbhotildor; that
the head Is not very much bout oyer the
work; that tho page ! nearly perpendicular
to the Htm of siK'it; that the eye Is nearly
opposite the middle ot the page, und Is not
lus than rlftcou Inches from It.
. Dr. Spalding, of Portland, Maine, has
been testlug tho vision of that city's school
children, and concludes that In every school
there should bo a rest every half hour, if
even lor a tuluute only, from reading, and
tupeclally frcm writing and drawiug, the
pursuit of which, for a steady hour, Is wear
liomeeuoughtoa practiced eye, and much
more bo to all young beginners who strain,
as It were, at each point in a line, to as to
make It as nearly like the copy as possible.
Fine hand-writing ho says, ought never to
havo been Invented In tbo rulod-oiT way In
which It Is taught now-a-days,
Thoio tests of the oyes havo boon mado In
some of tho schools In luropo with similar
results.
Concluded next week,
1,000,000 JBOXTLES
or tan
CENTAUR
LINIMENTS.
hare liccn fold tbo last year, and not ono compltlnt
hi" reached ns that they hare not dooe all that la
claimed fur them. Indeed, nclentldc skill cannot go
bciond tho result reached In thoo wonderful prcpi
ration. Added to Carbolic, Arnica, Mentha, Scne-ca-011
and Witch Hard, aro other Ingredient, which
makes a family liniment that defies rivalry. Itheo
matlc and bed ridden cripples hare by It been enabled
to throir away their cratches, and many who for
years hare been afflicted with NcnraU-la, Sciatica,
Caked Ilreitt, Weak Ilacka, Ac, have found perma
nent relief.
Mr. Jo-luti Wc-tlako, of Maryivllle, 0., write:
"For year my Rheumatism lias been o bad that t
haro been urmhloto Mir from the liou-c. I haietrlcd
every remedy I could hear of. Finally, I learned of
thoCcntaur I.lnlmcnt. Tho tlrrt three bottles enabled
mu tn walk without my crutch". I am mending
rapidly, I think your Liniment limply a marrcl."
This Liniment cure, Il.uni and bcaldi without a
rear, extracts tho nolson from bltca and ttlnza.
Cures Chlllbhlni and Fretted feet, and Ii lery (fllci
clous ror Ear-ache, Tooth-ache, Itch and Cutanrms
Kruptloni,
The C'etitniir Liniment, Yellow Wrap
per, Ii Intended for tho toinsli fibres, cord and
muicle or l.orcf , mulct, and nnltm!,
HEAD! ItaAD!
Iter. Uo. YV. Ferris, Manotklll, Schohirlc Co., U.
Y. aay:
"My horse was lame for a year with a fetlock
wrench. All remedies utterly tailed to cure and 1
considered him worthies until I commenced to use
Centaur Liniment, which rapidly cured him. I heart
ily rccommeuil.lt.
It makoi i cry llltlo dtrrcrenco whether tho caiolo
'wrench," sprain, tparln or lamcnc-t of any kind,
Iho effects aro Iho fame. Tho great power or the
Liniment Ii, howorcr, shown In l'oll-trll, lllg head,
Sweeny, Fpavln, Itlnc-bone, flail and Scratches.
Tblt Liniment Is wurth millions of dollars j early to
thoHlockirrowen, Llvcry-nion, Farmers, ana tboso
hiring valuable animals to cars rr. We warrant ll
effects and refer to any Farrier who baa ercr med It,
Laboratory of J. 1). Ito.SK & Co.,
44 Dtr Bt.. Naw Yonit.
Children.
A compltto lubitltato for Cutor Oil, without Its
nnpleasint tasto or recoil In tho throat. Tho mult
of 9)yeari' practlco by Dr. Sam'l Pitcher, of Masta-
chuietta.
I'ltchcr'i Cattorla la particularly rccommemdsd
for children. It doitroyt worms, aiilrallatcs the
food, and allowi natural deep. Very cfflcacloui In
Croup and for children Teethlnz. For Coldi, FoTer
tshnett, Uliordtrs of tho Dowels, and Stomich Com
plaints, nothing I i so elTeetlio. It It as pleasant ts
Uko as honor costs but 3. cents, and can bo had of
any Druggist.
This Is ono of many testimonials:
"Cornwall, Lisasoi Co , I'a., March 17, 1671.
"Dtar Sir: I haro used your CaitorU In my prac
tlen mr soma limn. I tsko ireal bleasuro In muM.
tntnJIny it to tKi jirqfiukm as a safu, reliable, and
-K, a m a,v, IVH..MV.
It It particularly ailaiM to
sirreeaoitf meaicino.
children when the rspuunantlastuof Castor oil ren-
dcrt tt so dltncuil to adralnliti-r.
K. A. liNDEUS, 41. U."
Mothortwhatry Castirla will And that they can
sleep nights and that ibtlr babies villi to healthy.
J. I), ltoss Jc Co.. Now Yori:.
Z.UOZUS BXOsXs,
Successor to J. M. Eimn X Co.,
BS f tberty , - NKW VOIIK,
OoiitlillHHloil jYjj-eut
POH DUYINO AND FOItWAItDINO FItOM
New York via Isthmus, l'acirlc itallroid, and
Cane Horn, all kinds of Merchandise, and for ths sale
or Products from tho Pacific coast, for tho collection
of monor. Ac octsif
ATTENTION
m,
.SHEEP GROWERS!!
mmmtm
rtuii-u i., ; "
vrtfl DUklUUI.LCI'lJIH
. StoM" , it . - If
:jm&mia2
ifSrrt
MANUMCrUSCC tS)
iH
A aURB CCItC FOR
Scab,
Sorow Worm.
Foot Hot,
.sD ALL
Parasites that infcBt Shoop.
JT Is -a BSTTElt AMO VASTLY CHEAP.
TH.y O.YOUHlIt EFFTf'. JlKVEDY FOR
THE TlieATMEXT OF laECi ir
Improves the Health
OF T112 ANIMAL, AND THE
QUALITY CP THE WOOL.
FW fir. MlUn I. unnR. f.. l --- .
s- vvfc,u.u,uu.i;u uug uuuarea lo iwo
hunjrel bhnp, according to their age, strength, and
ejndtilon. '
It la nut an In PI VE-OAM (IV P('p.l, ns
per can
osuuig; circular, to
T. A. DAVIS &, Co.,
PORTLAND, OREGON,
Wholesale .-enl. for Iho Stale,
Or to voar nearest Retail Drsczli t. mvR
Mra. Rohror's New Romedy
Ton THE X.UKOS
iS JIXSTIXO WITU WOXDKBVPL SVCCZSSl
TtHS PURELY VEOETADLK REMEDY HAB
no Mual tn tho relief and euro or roughs. Colds.
ties. Ac. It has produced some remarkable cares.
eon br drargtsti eenerallr. Prepajtsl only by
nnn a.. nKnrssi, jsonmouin. (Jr.,
T wham all letters of buinett should be addreaaed.
1