Willamette farmer., May 19, 1876, Page 7, Image 7

WILLAMETTE FARMER.
1 Dynamite.
Tbe wide use of dynamite an explo'ire
render Yalnabls til careful teats of iU quail
ties and cbaraoteristios. The latest isiue of
'Iron contains an acconnt of some tests with
tbe explosive, recently made by tbe British
-dynamite company, bearing directly on tbe safe
transport of dynamite by rail. In the first test.
3 owt. block of iron, being raised to a bigbt
of 24 feet, was allowed to ftU on a wooden box
-containing 60 pounds of dynamite. As tbe re
sult, the box was smashed, and although several
of th j cartridges were compressed and burst,
no explosion ensued. With a view of showine
'the intense local action of the explosive, 10
ponnd weight was placed at a distance of nine
feet from a temporary wooden fence, and after
'the explosion it was found that fully one-half
of the spars had escaped damage, whereas it
was comend'd that hud an equal quantity of
gunpowder been flred tbe paling would uave
been entirely destroyed. Though dynamite
-was knocked about during a collision, tbe
manager expressed bis belief that it would not
oxploile, and even should this be the case tbe
area of destmction would be extremely small.
In order to prove the effective nie of dynamite
es a (c g signal at sea, experiments of a different
kind were made. It could be fired fr im a sptr
without tbe slightest danger either to the spar
or to those on droit a was shown bv two
cartridges being placed at the end of a fishing
rod, which remained in'act or the same eff ct
would follow if tbe oartri Ige were attached to
a small piece of wood and thrown into tbe
water. In another expeiiment a cartridge w
sent to tbe bottom of a pond, the exulorfon
sending up the spray in a column 40 fet in
bigbt. With a view to test the eff. ct cf an x-plot-ion
of gunpowder ou a box of dynamite,
25 pounds of powder was placed 'a a hollow,
close'y covered by a large ball-inch iron plate,
on the top of wbich was laid a box containinu
10 pounds of dynamite. After tbe filing of the
charge it was found that the plate had been
thrown a distance of nine feet, and bad smashed
tbe box, without any explosion of dyn unite
having taktn place. Afterwards a wire rope,
folly one inch in diameter, was nearly severed
by half a pound of tho explosive, ana thi-t wa
conBiiiered an operati in d fficult of p tfirm
anoe. Tie final experiment consi-tnl of forc
ing a circular tin plate through a b lf-inch inn
plaie. To effect this two pounds of dy amite
-was plac-d in a Bniall wooden roller, open at
-either end, a tin plaie, the exaot oircnmrnce
of the opening, being placed at one end. and
the iron pi te at a distance of two feet. By the
xplnsl)u thetiu late was completely sma hed,
but it bad perforated tbe iron plate leaving a
series' of neat ciicular openings. It was ex
plained that tbe roller being open at either
end tbe i xplosive force was diuinUberi bv one
half, and that by placing a plate at eah end
the test could be duplioited. Although nu
meroua other experiments were in preparati n".
the gentlemen present ep essed themielves
tsati-iied wi h what they hail seen.
The Preparation of Dynamite.
Of the composition of tbe subitauon tested
aboe e find tbe following in the American
Chemist: Of the numerous explo-ive p iwder
put on the market, djnamite alone appearn
now to be in demand. Dynamite, coot lining
75 p-r cent, of nUro-glvorine, should tbenreti
cally have three-fourths tbe exploitive force of
that agent. Practical y its power is about two-third-i
that of nitro-gl cerine, probably in con
sequence of the absorption of heat bv the
siliua. Five hundred kilns of dynamite are
used d iiiy in the St. Gothird tunnel. If tbe
rock is very wet, a German preparation cal'el
"cellulose dynamite" is used, wbioh d es not
part rueobauically with its niiro-glycerine so
readily as the Bilio i. I's mode of preparation
is not kuown. Three cla-ses of ahanrb-nts are
msed for Ditro-glycerine 1, N aural siliriona
material; 2, Artificially prep ued silica; and 3,
So'ueepmgy mat' rial, to which cla-a the pel.
lulo-e belongs. Dynamite No. 1 o ntains 75
per cent, nitro-glycerine; dynamite No. 2 con
tains a xodio or potassio nitrate powder, with
about 40 to BO per c nt nitro glvoetine; dyna
mite No. 3 contains still less nitro.ghceriue and
more of some cheap gunpowder. All three are
ab mt equal as regards exp'osive force. Ac
cording to Nobel, the best Nd. 2 onntains an
Ammonia powder and 15 to 20 per cent, of nitro
glyceiioe, and gives 10 per cent, more explosive
power than No. 1 dyuamtte. In using dyna
mite, one-third less boles and holes one-fou ih
less in size than with gunpowder are neces
sary. Tbe swing from its u-e is about 3D p r
aent. No, 1 bnrns more readily tban Noa. 2 or 3
Salicylic Acid.
Salicylic aoid, until recently not found out
side of chemical laboratoiies, is now o ming
largely into use as an antiptio and as sn
Agreeable enbstituie for carbolic acid. We give
a variety of new recipes for its employment,
taken from various sources: A very simple and
mostu-eful ointment, wbich answers admin
bly in some affections of tbe ekin, is formed of
one half drachm to a dnebm of tbe acid to
seven draobms of simple ointment. A liniment
of salioylio acid and olive oil (two drachms of
the aoid to eight onnces of oil) will be found of
muob effiraoy in burns. Soak lint in tbe lini-tn-
m and apply to the suppurating surface.
Frifessor Will, of Aberdeen, who has tB ed
this in some severe o ises f burns, commend
it strongly in tbe Lancet, For cancerous sores,
Thnrsch recommends dusting with pure acid,
or with equal parts of the powder and starch;
or powder formed of charcoal and the acid
might be employed fr the same purpose, or
foi dusting over poultices applied to sloughing
surfaces. Another oiuttn6nt is made of sperm
oil, one and one-half draobms; oil of theo
broma, two and one-half drachms; salioylio
acid, from one-half to on drachm. This forms
thick paste, whioh should be thickly sprea I
on lint. The heat of the -nrfaoe acting on tbe
oil of theobroma, a diffusible ointment is
formed, wbich is a suitable application when
it is deaired to hara the discharge tborongbly
saturated with the antisepti t. An ointment le-s
eaaily acted on by thi body heat constats of
sperm oil and paraffine, of etch one and one
halt drachms; oil of theobroma, two drachm";
oil of almonds, one drachm; salicylic aoid,
from one-half to one draobm.
FarsPHiSE or Coppke What has been in
troductd with some telat as an alloy of copper
and ph'o-phnrus proves not to be an alloy, bat
a true chemical combination of copper wl h
phosphorus, or a phosphide of copper in defi
nite proportions The anion of the two mv
be through the hot or cold process, tbe cold
sufficing for certain applications, being prefer
able indeed to combinations produced by heat
By tbe hot process the introduction of simple
bodies other than the metals or metalloids is
prevented. Tbe copper uied in ibe process
must be commercially pure. Of the three kiida
of phosphorus the operator m ty take hi- choice;
the ordinary, the amorphons, and tbe earthy
bi-pbnsptiates. The amorphous is fie most
expensive, and is also the best. According to
Delatot, the percentage of phosphorus varies
from two to four, between whioh there may be
an infln ty of degrees, althou.b for industrial
purposes five varieties me-t all the r-quire
m-nts. These are formed wi h two p-r cent
of phosphorus, two and a half per cent , three,
three and a half and four per cent. Above
four phosphor bronze i usel-ss, but between
three and four per cent, the material is claimed
to be superior to any other metal or alloy.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
s
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
RATES OF PASSAGE.
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UtThe Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
dinp, Board and all necessaries for the voyage, An experienced Surgeon is on each ship, and no charge is made fo)
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
And Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
This Iioute offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, who will avoid the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious triji overland by vail.
THE.STEAMERS OF THIS LINE 00NNE0T AT NEW YORE WITH ALL THE TRANS-ATLANTIO LINES FROM EUROPE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton,
The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
And the General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
All information regarding Through Rates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom Through Passage Tickets can be purchased.
i ,
THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON THE WHARF,
PIEE 42 NORTH RIVER, FOOT OF OAJSTAX. STREET.
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BmHHMCHHIPnlHHPHBBHHHHBnHEH
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E. J. Trumbull, Dealer in aud Grower of
SEEDS
OT
Vegetables,
TriEES,
wAv '
FLOWERS.
Shrubs,
BULBS,
Hto.,
P"or tlio QABrEN, FAHM, niul MANSION,
437 Haniome Street, San Frmncisoo KTD riptlve Ct unen nn applltion.
Noa. 387.389 and 831
u nuMouoo,
ttMt,
iTUE M-W lUI'UUVeil
HOME SHUTTLE
Sewing Machine.
op:fu:o:e, - - $4a.oo.
WE ALSO BELL
The Home Sewing Machine.
TheM machine um nhuttla, itnlght needle,
and make the Ixck Htltcb.
They art) aurjiatid by nnna.
Thty art tkt $impleA and lightest-running m
cninei in the worW.
Bend lor circular!.
Mme, Demorest Reliable Patterns.
BEND ron A CATAI.OODE.
Itojal CbarU, I2.W.
K. W. HIK8. Aneut. 17 New Montgomerr
8trt (Grand Hotel JiulldlDn), Ban rranclaeo.
'" THE ONL.Y RELIABLE . .
STRAW BURNING ENGINES
-stiaesi
HVie3SlST--C.-tT35il
?&SX2SS -vggrTs
.jzusi a-Sor !
Sm,
RICE'S STRAW BURNING ENGINE.
These Engines -were patented January 4th, 1874; re-issue May 4th,
1075, and are the first and only Engines -whioh have
been successful as Straw Burners.
Thrne engines, for simplicity, durability, strength, nd power, will surpass anything oyer
bernroinvnntrti, Iney are unquiftlonsb'y tbe bout engine In the world Tbfjr are uaed with wood or
eual,andnoehanirelinrc'tury. fXCPpttohavauliables;ratebari. Thru enslnra were aoid ln.tioa
to the lar.p-t iarmera and lx'"t thrr.her In dinVrek t parts or the atato, and cave tbe ytry bekt latulacton,
aa la proved by tbe many letters ol recommendation which hare been received.
CAUTION.
This Is to give notice that I am the lurentnr and patentee of the original and only straw bnrnlnjr engine
1 n u. out bU ioat, and that any penons maalog; or wins straw burning englnrs otber than ihwe author,
li'd by me or my agent, are Infringing on my paient right, and will be proecuted to tbe fall extent ot tbe
1 iw. I have already commenced ault asalu.t several ot the lnfrlnten. and shall shortly extend my rult to
nloihi-ri. I have appointed Marcus C. Uawley It Co as mr sole agent' f r the manuractaro and aale ot
UiV ,t aw burning engines on the faclflo Coa.t, and all orders should be addressed to them.
bAN rAuiaoo, January 10th, 1B76. ' U. W. RICE.
Roferrlnt- to the a'bov. we beg to Inform our friends that we are making arrangements fur manulactureV
Ini the KICK BTItiVV BUUNISU KNCJINEon alargeacale, and hope to be able to supply the large de-
insiid for the ceaion of 1876. We would request alt those In wantot an engine to send In their orders
i-iy 8-m1 for circulars, tMtlmonlaU. and all other Information to our office, IM and 110 Front Btreet,
Han Krancl eo. and corner Seoond and J streets, Sacramento.
ni-b-BT MARCUS n. Hwiry A. rn.
'eientifie
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MACHMRY, BUILDINOS, PORTRAITS, LANDSCAPES, TRADEMARKS, LABELS, 8EALS, MONOGRAM, U.
IN THE HIOHEBT BTVUC Of THE ART.
E. SCHULTZE, DEWEV A CO.,
UAKA0ER. Pabllsbtn tad PtUnt Atat3.