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WHJLAMETTE FARMER.
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Tlfi Hofii Cijvcli.
Men.
Strang tapestry, by Nature spun
On viewless loom, kloof from sun.
And spread through lonely nook and grots
Where ebtdowi reign ind leafy rest,
O, mou, ol ell your dwelling spots,
In which one are yon loveliest f
I It when near grim rootf thet coil
Their aneiy bleck through bnmld toll?
Or when yarn wrap. In woodletid gloomi.
The gretnone pine tranke, rotted red f
Or when you dim on sombre tombs,
The requlescats of the desdf
' Or Is It when your lot le cut
In tome quaint gerden of the put.
On tome grey crumbled basin's brim,
With conche that mildewed Tritone blow,
While yonder through I he poplars prim.
Looms up the tnrreted chateau J
Kay, loveliest are yon when time weaves
"Your emerald films on low, dark eaves.
Above where pink porcb-roees peer.
And wocdblnes bresk In fragrant fosm,
-And children laugh, and yon can hear
The beatings oi the heart of home.
Edgar Fawcdt.
Our Duty to One Another.
From the Pacific Iiural Frees.
'This Centennial year is surely a year of great
things. Nature is taking the initiative, purify
ing the house no as to make it olean for the
great celebration in July. Would that each
heart would adopt a purifying process, entering
upon the great duties of the hour, so as to
present olean hands and pure hearts, as au
offering for the blessings of self-government.
Each and every man and woman too should
80 order his walk and conversation as if the
stability of our institutions rested upon his
shoulders in life and conduct. My great hopes
for the perpetuity of present blessings are based
upon the moral and physioal health and
stability of the rural population. They surely
constitute the salt for the earth, even if refine
ment bus not attained that degree of emi
nence which is to be found in oities. But there
is more genuine purity covered up by rough
surroundings, less that requires to be hidden
by tinsel and broadcloth, whioh claim our
regard and esteem. A prinoiple is involved
which gives security for the stability of the
best government our little planet presents.
The progress of the nation may also be
traced to the progress of agriculture and the
enlightenment of the rural population; without
this element of industry, society would soon
relap o Into barbarism.
Art and science are only adjuncts of pro
ducing pursuits, supplying the necessary intel
ligence for making the different agricultural
avocations successful. The Orange is a move
ment in the right direction, and introduced at
the proper time. The agriculturist is receiving
a personal education in scientific farming,
sooial and governmental philosophy, assuming
responsibilities in the more intricate details of
business relationships, taking a higher stand
in the power of judging right from wrong in
the general concerns of life, mapping out bb
it were the great duties devolving upon the
Granger in the near future as well as the
present. Besponsibilities thicken around him.
The higher law appeals to his better nature, to
so conduct his life that when the last messenger
arrives he may be enabled to look within and
find but few dark spots to mar the brightness
of the future.
One of the duties devolving on the present,
while nature is weeping its watery legaoy, is
to see that no hearthstone is darkened by
want or privation; that no heart yields in des
pair whioh might be upheld by hands of cheer
and maternal kindness. Bright and bannv
homes oan be made brighter and happier still
by acting the part of the good Samaritan. Doing
good creates, unoiuaen, a good to tne donor.
One of the grand uses of the Orange is the
planting of this rate fraternal plant wherj
grew only weeds and tares, watered by selfish
ness, and whioh will produce fruit to enrich the
splrliusl life of tne husbandman. "Do good
to the poor, helping the afflicted," cannot be
too olten presented. For euoh a winter as
this is, is enough to make paupers of those
hitherto considered in easy oircumstances.
Cities, too, feel the pressure as well as the coun
try. There is work for the good Samaritan
also in your midst. Many fires refuse to give
out warmth for the want of fuel; matiy stom
achs are empty for the bread which satufielh.
The voice of the oppressed poor crleth from
the depths of despair for a crust from the rich
man's table; too often unheeded is that little
voice within, while rioting amidst luxuries
whioh soon pale from the absence of duty to
wards the afflicted and poverty stricken. If the
world would really court true happiness let the
world try to secure happiness toothers, thereby
reaping a harvest of good to itself.
Messrs. Editors, this is a day adapted to
moralizing. The wind howls and the rain
pours down, and thought is attracted to the re
flective organs for food. When we sit down to
n well filled board and sttlsfy the cravings of
appetite, we rise from the repast with a pleas
ant sense of satisfaction. But a cloud will
shade the sunshine of the heart when ware
fleet that many of God's children may be
bunkered, without the means of having it sat
isfied. We Bometimes make the observation
after leaving satisfied at the table, "Thanks for
that Hope every man may have as good to
appease appetite and satisfy nature." Is it not
our duty to act as well as think, so we may ft el
the glow of satisfaction derived from kindly
acts of duly? It is aspiritual feast to enjoy the
hnppluess derived from making others happy.
The eyes beaming thanks, the heart responding
to the generous gift and fraternal greetiug.
Poor, iudeed, is the man who is a stranger lo
such omotioDB, even though he may oonut his
wealth by millions. It is our duly to be good
'citizens, good Graugers, good Samaritans lo
one another, and the outside world in general,
If we adopt these rules for guidance in this
Centennial year of great events our pre sent
condition will ba improved, and our hopes of a
happy eternity strengthened,
John Tatlob
.Mount Fleasant, Tuolumne Co., March 7th,
A Pleasant Kitcukn. Considering that so
many women of the middle classes are obliged
to pass a great portion of their time in the
kitchen, why not make it an attractive apart
ment, r ither than stow it away iu the base
ment, or in some dark comer of the bouse, as
is now too treaueutly doue? Most hoiiBes dis
play pleasant sitting-rooms; but it we judge of
me convenience uuu general uieasuumesa oi
the kitchen by the rooms iu the front of the
house, we find, in many iustaucea, we
utteily fall iu our conjectures. To make a
little show in oompau) -rooms, how many act
ual kitchen comforts are deuied iu mauy house
holds I It is surely better to begin our house
furnishing at the kitchen, aud work toward the
front as we are able. Let the kitoheu closet be
well sucked, even though the parlor buffers a
little. Surely the health of the household, aud
the comfort of the women folks should be
? laced above every other consideration. OAlo
Urmtr
Decorations for the Table.
Decorating the dinner table with flowers,
fruit, and otber ornaments, has become so com
mon that it is most desirable for every house,
keeper to acquire some degree of proficiency
in tne art. This part of the business of the
house generally falls to the lot of the young la
dles of the family, to whom a few hint on the
subject may not come amiss. Of course, noth
ing is so pretty for table decoration as flowers
or leaves, and they need not be so very expen
sive as might be imagined, especially to those
living in tbe country. Even in oili'S a very
pretty and attractive display of flowers may be
made at a very small expense. A ruslio basket,
arranged with ferns, for tbe middle of tbe ta
ble, is highly effective; an ordinary sized basket,
with a handle and sides wbioh turn over, is
best; a tin filled with wet sand should be
placed inside, and ferns and grasses of all
tizes arranged tastefully, with some ivy around
the handle, will complete a very pretty orna
ment. If there is a slender glass center-piece
to be batt It will look very pretty in summer time,
arranged with currants and green leaves twined
round the stem. Bound and low baskets, en
tirely covered with moss and piled up with
fruit, have an exellent eff-ot. Then, in au
tumn, nothing is lovelier tban a selection of
our various tinted leaves, mixed with fruit.
Smilax should also never bo forgotten by those
who can afford it, as it twines so very grace
fully about glass or silver. Large blaokbenies,
in a pretty basket, are very nice for an every
day dinner table in summer; the basket should
be of straw, glass, or silver, to make a pretty
contrast. When the young housekeeper has
tried all or nearly all these devices for making
her.table look attractive, she will find by prac
tice that many other ways will Busiest them
selves to ber mind, and that the time devoted
to tbe cultivation of this graceful little aft will
no be thrown away.
Tee Man of Honob What a glorious title
that is I Who would not rather have it than
any that kings can bestow ? It is worth all the
gold and silver in the earth. He who merits it
wears a jewel within his soul, and needs nose
upon his bosom. His word is good; and if
mere was no law in tbe land, be might be just
as safely dealt with. To take unfair advantage
is not in mm; to quibble and guatdhls speech,
so that he says something which he does not
mean, even while they never cau prove that it
is so, would be impossible to his frank nature,
His speeches are never riddles. He looks you
in the eye and says straight out what he has to
say, without mental reservation, and he does
unto others what he would have others do unto
him. It is not only in business that be may
show his right to a glorious title. Who ever
beard him betray the faults and follies of his
friends, or sneak slidhlinel v of bis near kindred ?
The man of honor is always a good son and a
good brother, and when the time comes makes
an excellent husband, making the vow to love
aud cherish and protect with a perfeot compre
hension of its holiness; he never breaks it.
What woman need fear to obey a man of honor ?
Heaven be thanked that, amid tbe villains
and tricksters of this world, there are many
such men left, loved and respected by all who
know them. Exchange.
A Sell, not a Sale. Amiable shop keepers
deserve to be canonized. Here is an illustra
tion of the trials to which thev ate subjeoted.
One midsummer day, when iEolus slept, and
the thermometer stood in the nineties, a lady
entered a store not a thousand miles off, and
inquired for parasols. The obliging proprietor
spread out before her samples of a large and
varied Block. "Have you any of this shade a
size larger?" said the lady. The size larger
was produced. "I think on the whole I pre
fer the size smaller." The size smaller was
presented. "Have you," any of this size a
lighter shade of blue?" Tbe required thade
was brought out "Have'nt you any of this
kind, with a crooked handle?" The shade
with the crooked handle appeared. "Have you
any with the orooked handle not quite so
heavy?" said the lady, and so continued her
inquiries lor every conceivable size, sbape and
weight possible in the line of parasols. After
nearly an hour had thus been consumed the
fair shopper gathered up her handkerchief and
gloves, aud moved for the door. ' 'Can't I sell
you a parasol?" inquired the exhausted propri
etor. "O dear, no," replied the lady, "I wan
merely inquiring tbe prices. I am going into
mourning myself, and have one for sale."
New Bedford Mercury,
Silent Men. Washington never made a
speech. In the zenith of his fame be ones at
tempted it, failed, and gave it up confused and
abashed. In framing the Constitution of the
United States the labor was almost wholly per
formed in committee of the whole, of which
George Washington was the chairman; yet
be made but two speeches during the conven
tion, which were a very few words each. The
convention, however, acknowledged tbe mas
ter spirit, and historians affirm that, had it
not been for his personal popularity, and the
30 words of his first speeoh, pronounoing it
the best that could be united upon, tbe Con
stitution would have been rejected by the peo
ple. Thomas Jefferson never mado a speeoh.
He couldn't do it. Napoleon, whose executive
ability was almost without a parallel, said that
bis greatest trouble was in finding men of deeds
rather than words. When asked how he main
tained his influence over his superiors in age
aud experience, when oonimauder-in-chlef of
the army in Italy, he said, " by reserve." The
greatness of man ia not measured by the length
of his speeches and their number.
A Cause or Failubk in Life. One great
canse of failure is tbat there are not enough
fools in tbe world. You lazy hireling fails,
loses his place, because his employer is not a
fool. Generals have failed because tbe oppos
ing generals were not fools; lawyers, because
there were not enough foo's to go to law; and
publishers, beoause there were no fools to sub
scribe for a small trifliug paper, when a larger
aud batter one could be had for the Bame
money. There is sn artist who has not suc
ceeded for tbe reason that those able to employ
him were not rich fools, but oompetent judges
of works of art. Many an asplriug author has
failed beo rase there were no fools to buy and
read his senseless productions; while poets
have been kept out of the temple of fame
because, there were no fools to go into raptures
over poems whioh would not raise a man's
thoughts biiiuer than a child's nonsense.
Phrenological Journal.
CniLcnoon's Lessons. Education does not
commence with the alphabet. It begins with a
mother's look, with a father's nod of approba
tion, or his sign of reproof; with a sister s gen
tle pressure of the hand, or a brother's noble
act of foibearance; with a bandlul of flowers
in green and daisy meadows; with a bird's
nest admired but not touobed; with pleasant
walks iu shady lanes; and with thoughts di
rected, iu sweet and kindly tones and words,
to nature, to beauty, to acts of benevolence, to
deeds of virtue, aud to the source of all good
to God himself I -BAicJhrood.
Thk most receut case of absence of mind is
tbat of an editor who lately copied from a
hostile paper one of his own articles, and
headed It, "Wretched attempt at wit."
"Those Old Folks."
"I don't see why we should make onr cells
the same way as they have been made till
now," said a young queen bee to the crowd
around her. "Those old folks will have them
with six sides. And why, pray? Let us try a
new plan; let us have them round. The old
folks think they know so much!"
"Yes, yes I cried the bees with one voice;
for they had just been put into a new hire, and
could do as they liked. "Those old folksl
Because their way is an old way, they think it
must be the best We will let them see what
young folks oan do. We will teach them."
So they tried ronnd cells. But they soon
found it was great waste of room and of wax
to make them. Tben they tried square, but
found the walls would not bear tbe weight
when the cells were full. Then tbey tried two
or three shspes at the same time, and made
them fit as Ihey could ; but that gave them more
work and was of no use.
Time went on all the same, and their heads
were so fall of their own plans, and of scorn
for those "old folks," and tbey had tried so
many odd snipes, tbat at last no one knew
what the old shape bad been.
At last, when they had tried all tbe shapes
they could, and none of them had proved
good, a young bee, one day, cried out, "Let us
try c-lls wiih six sides 1 "
"Six sides I Ah, yes t " said the queen, "that
is a bright thought."
So they pulled down the old cells, and built
them up with six sides, and these tbey found,
to tbeir joy, just right.
"There," cried they, "See what we have
found out I This is the best way that could b'.
What would those old folks say if they could
see our new plan 1 Ah 1 it takes a young brain
to flud out things."
And so t jose young bees went on jeering at
tne old folks. Xet tbe ceiis oi six sides was
not a new plan at all, but just tbe one that the
old folks have always used, and had known to
be the best. ufAor of Dick and J.
At a collection made at a charity fair, a lady
offered the plate to a rich man who was well
known for his stinginess. "I have nothing,"
was the curt reply. "Then take something,
sir," said the lady, "You know I am begging
for the poor."
Rkiiabkablk and Significant Coincidence.
During the week ending January lt there
were 2,494 births in London, and, what
very rarely happens, the number of boys and
girls was exaotly equil being 1,247 of each.
YdfQ Polks' CoLdfJ.
A Wish.
Bau W. Cooxz, In Pacific Rural Press.
Little robin,
Dlltlng there
In the hemlock shade;
The bougbs bend down
And touih your crown,
But you are not afraid.
Winds may whistle.
Piping load.
Tossing shrub and flower;
You do nut nilod
A puff of wind,
Within your mimic bower.
Little hummer,
Darting there
Htd the bTohSouis red;
Why, don't you fear,
You little dear.
That you will bump yonr head I
Laughing pansles,
Btsrtog up.
Shake tleir heads at you;
Yon can defy
The daisy's eye.
And race the garden through.
Little darlings,
I love you
Better thin the flowers
Or winds can love,
But If I move
You rush, like wind-blown showers.
You would never
Fear me thus,
If you only knew
I wish some bird
Would mske a word
That I could say to you.
Salem, Oregon, March S2d, 1876.
Queer Little Homes.
A wren is a pert-looking little bird in a little
brown coat a kind of Quaker bird that does
not believe in gay colors.
The baby wrens are never dressed up, either;
you wouldn't get them to wear a string of blue
or yellow beads around their necks, such as
you wear, my dears, you and your dollies, for
anything.
They seem to be satisfied with their little
plain feathers; but one good thing about them
is, that the older they grow the better they
look.
Wouldn't it be a comfort, little Sue or Maud
or Bessie, if your pretty blue dress should grow
prettier all the time, ins ead of wearing out
every day as fast as it can?
If you didn't care about it, you jolly little
things, your mammas would, that's certain.
But I must tell you about that little Quaker
ish bird. It generally makes a oosy little n'-st
in a tree; but over 100 years ago some little
wrens made their nests in very queer places.
At that time there lived a very lovely lady,
whom everybody dvliulited to know and love,
and ber house was iu the country. There were
so many trees on the place that the birds were
singing there all day long, and this kind lady
loved the little birds so much that she would
not have any of them injured.
iney seemed to know their cood friend, for
they went to woik and made their nests inside
of her porch, which was covered with vines.
Oh, how they chirped when she and ber
friends were taking their tea in the warm sum
mer afternoons 1
Sometimes while this cosy tea-drinking was
going on, the little mother birds seemed to be
reminded that their children were hungry; so
they would fly back aud forth with nice little
fat worms in their bills, to make a good hearty
supper for the baby wrens.
Well, these nosts around the porch and in the
trees were not all they had, by any means; for
the mistress, as she was called, was so kind to
the people around her, -as well as to the birds,
that it taught them to be kind too; and tbey
fixed up tome very queer things for the wrens
to build tbeir nests iu.
Sometimes it was a horse's head, and some
times the crown of an old hat.
The poor horse had no use for his head, of
course, for it was after his death, when bis
head looked like nothing but a big white bone,
and tbe birdies went in and out through the
openiDg, perfectly at home there, and maile
their little nests inside, iustead of on the
boughs of the trees.
This house of theirs was fastened on the fence
in some way.
They enjoyed the crowns of old hats equally
well, the servants usilins every one they could
find on the outside of tbe kitchen, and then
making a little round hole for a doorway, and
in all these little houses tbe wrens felt so safe
that they never bolted up st night. CAurcA-man.
Domestic Ecof,oft.y-
Cooking Carrots.
It is a notorious fact, says tbe Boston Jour
nal of Chemistry, that we Yankees, like our En
glish cousins, are lamentably unskillful in cook
ing vegetable, whi.-h the French serve up in
such an endless variety of delicious forms. In
the country, where fresh vegetables can be had
so easily, they are even worse treated than in
the city. In fact, they are usually cooked for
tbe family just as they are for tbe cattle and the
pigs. There is no more thought in the one
case tban in the other of making them savory
as well as wholesome. We have before given
some excellent foreign recipes for cooking po
tatoes, which with us are almost invariably
boiled or fried, and abominably in eitber case.
We now select from the London Garden some
hints for cooking carrots, whioh tbe average
Yankee housewife never thinks of serving in
any otber way than "plain boiled." Tbe con
tributor has tested all these, and vouches for
their merit:
Cabeot Soup. Take one and a half ponnds
of carrots which hive been first brasbed very
clean, then boiled, nnlil tender, in slightly
salted water; mash them to a Bmooth paste, or
rub them through a sieve; mix the paste with
two quarts of boding soup (strong beef broth
will do); season this with pepper and salt, and
add, before being finally boiled up, a small
lump of sugar and a piece of butter. Serve
with a dish of bread out into small dloe and
fried in butler.
Cabottes ac Biurbe. Boil sufficient carrots
for a dish until they are quite tender; drain
mem wen, ana wnust mis is being done, dls
solve from two to three dunces of batter in a
saucepan, and strew iu some minced parsley,
some salt, and white pepper or cayenne; then
add tbe carrots, and toss them very gently until
tbey aro covered with tbe stuoe, whioh should
not be allowed to boil. Cold oarrots may be re
warmed in this manner.
Stewed Cakbots. Half boil abalf dozn large
carrots wiiuom cutting tnem; men slice tnem
into a stewpan; put in enough good stock to
nearly cover them, with pepper and salt to
taste. Stew them till tender; theu mix in a
separate vess-1 half a pint of cream and a table
spoonful of flour, and add to the carrot with
one ounce of butter. Bjil up and serve. Small
young carrots may be dressed in the same man
ner, and will, ot course, require less time to
cook them.
Cahottks a la Mattbk d'Hotel. This is a
genuine French recipe. Scrape twenty small
joung carrots and wipe them, but do not wash
them. Put them into a pan with six ounces of
frrsb butter; cover the pan aud toss the carrots
over the fire from time to time. After a quar
ter of an hour add salt and pepper, a ohopped
onion and parsley. Cover the pan and geutly
toss it again from time to time, until the car
rots are tender. If you use large oarrots, cut
thein into slices and boil them in water until
they are nearly done. Drain and fiuiab them
as above.
Cabottes a la Poolette. Take some young
cirrots; scrape and wipe them carefully. Put
them in a pan over a moderate fire, wiih t-ix
ounces of butter and a tablespoonfnl of flour;
toss them repeatedly, and take care the flour
does not become brown. Pour a tumblerful ol
milk into the pan. cover it and let the carrots
simmer slowly until ihey are done. Then take
the pan from the fire, and pour into it two
yolks of eggs, mixed with a tablespoonfnl of
good cream, and a little pepper and salt; warm
these ingredients, taking care not to let them
ooll, and serve.
Cabottes au jambon. Put into a pan six
ounoes of butter and a tablespoonfnl of flour;
simmer these over a quick fire, until they be
oome slightly brown. Add a gill of boiling
water, then six ounces of raw ham cut into
small dice, a little salt aud peoner. a bav leaf.
a small bunch of thyme and parsley, a large
onion, and six large carrots out into slices the
size of a half crown. Cover tbe pan, and let
tbe carrots boil until they are done. Then take
out the seasoning, and seive. This recipe also
answers wen ior turnips.
Split Pea Soup. Take any bones of roast
meat, lay ihem on a clean meat board, pound
and break tbem, (a small hatchet oarelutlv
wiped clean is very sood for this nurDosel. Put
tbe bones and any trimmings of cold meat into
a soup Kettle or a large saucepan, cover well
with cold water, set it on the baok of the stove,
cover it closely. When it first bubbles, skim it
well, cover it, and let it simmer slowly four
uuu.ru. xi necessary to prevent it trom boiling
hard, set a tin plate on a brick under the sauce
pan. At the end of four hours take the soup
from the fire, pour off the liquor through a
strainer or colander into a shallow pan, let it
become cold, then remove every particle of fat
from the surface, and strain the sjup through
a cloth. An hour before it is wanted, put it on
tbe stove to heat Allow for three pints o
stock, a large coffee cup full of split peas.
which should be soaked if very old. Pour off
tuose which rise to the top, put tbe others on
tbe stove to boil for two or three hours, until
ihey are perfectly soft. Then rub them through
a colander, and when the stock is boiling, add
the peas, and a small piece of butter, and pep
per and salt. This soup is good and nourish
ing, besides being very economical. Excellent
broth and soup can be made of bones left from
roast meat of any kind, and they should be
saved for the purpose.
An Intebestino Expebiment. There are
some substances arsenic, for example whioh
under ordinary at mospherio pressure pass from
tbe solid to the gaseous state without first
fusing; whereas, with inoreasej pressure, they
can be fused. A good lecture experiment for
bowing that tbe phenomenon depends on pres
sure has ben described by II. Mever. to the
Berlin chemical society. Into two similar
tubes, with one end open, are introduced a few
grammes of iodine. The upper open ends are
drawn out, the air is removed from one of the
tubes, while that in the other is gently heated;
then both are dosed by fu-intr. The iodine in
the two tubes is now heated with a Bunsen
burner. In the air-containing tube the ioline
fuses, while a colored almost opaque vapor is
givm off, aud on turniug up tbe tube the fused
iodine runs down and solidifies again on the
com sides, in me vacuous tube, on the otber
hand, the iodine does not fuse, bnt is at onoe
vaporized, and a vapor cushion is formed be
tween the crystals and the glass, as iu Leiden
front's phenomenon. Toe vapor is but little
colored and 'quite transparent; beoause, air
being absent, it rises at once to tbe oold parts
of the tule and forms a ring of sublimated
iodine. Boston Jour of ChemUtry,
Tbe Electric Lioht in Paris. We learn
from recent foreigu journals that the luggage
room of the Paris terminus of the Great
Northern railway has been lighted by means
of electricity for some days, aud o successful
has the experiment proved tbat it has been de
cided lo ligbt all the waiting and luggage rooms
cf the principal Paris r.ilway stations by
nieaus ot electricity. By working tbe Gramme
machine with three-horse power, as muoh light
is obtained as tbat given by a hundred gas
burners. The electno lantern is placed at a
bight of 10 meters (about 32 feet) from the
ground, and sheds a soft, clear light over an
area .f 20,000 square feet.
The Glacial Epoch.
From the Scientific Press.
The impression whioh generally, obtain in
regard to tbe glacial epoch is that it consisted
of an enormously long and unbroken period of
oold, during which the northern hemisphere
of the earth was covered with an immense
ice cap of many miles in thlokness within
tbe Arctio circle, and gradually thinning
out to nothing as it approached the tropic
Thia indeed was, at first, regarded as a fact by
all scientists. But, as observations multiplied
tbe interpretations of the deposits failed, in
many instanoes, to sustain such a theory.
Deposits containing organic remains of tropi
cal and temperate fauna and flora were found
placed between immense deposits of unmistak
able glacial origin. Remains of the elephant,
the rhinosceros, the hyena, and of the tropical
plants which always accompany those animals,
were found in heavy strata, which rested
directly upon other deposits whioh must at
some time nave been covered for a long period
with an ice sheet; and these animal remains
were again found covered with otber glacial de
posits of a later period. Such reports were at
first ignored as too uncertain to be reoeived as
facts, or o'berand local causes wereasigned for'
such peculiar superpositions; but the accumu
lation of evidence finally led to a division of the
glacial epooh into three parts the second being
a.Iong period of interglaoial warmth, daring
which Greenland and the northern portions of
Amerioa and Europe were subjected to a semi
tropioal climate.
But as observations have been extended,
geologists have been compelled to fur her
modify their theories and admit of still further
divisions of the glacial epoch. The ev deuce
now points to quite a number of changes be
tween tbe extremes of heat and oold. These
evidences have been found in numerous in
stances of well marked river terraoesln Switzar
land, Scotland and otber portions of Europe,
and also in the Lake Champlaln and St. Law
rence river valleys in this oountry. In addition
to tbe surface indications numerous borings
have also been made at a distance inland from
the terrace fronts, which fully sustain the
multiple theory.
The first to detect the signiflcence of these
peculiar intercalations was the eminent Swiss
geologist, M. Marlot, who some 20 years ago
announced the existence of a warm interval
intercalated between two glacial periods. The
times of the continuance of those periods have
also been made a subject of study by Professors
Heer and Libeg, the first of whom p'aced the
time required to deposit a certain peat bog at
6,00il years, while Leibeg assigned 10,000
years for tbe same purpose. As this peat bog
was about 60 feet thick and contained large
quantities of the remains of elephants, stags,
cave bears and other temperate or semi-tropioal
animals, besides insects, it is quite certain that
the ice age must h we been broken for a long
time to admit of such an intercalated deposit.
These evidences add still further to the vast
ac-umnlation of proof that the earth must
have been inhabited by the higher order of ani
mals for an almost indefinite length of time.
Tbe fact is also now placed quite beyond the
region of doubt that man existed on the earth
anterior to tbe time of tbe last glacial period,
the continuance of which cannot be set at
less than 10,000 years, while a mcob greater
duration must be allowed to the present era of
warmth, during wbioh man has been a con
stant occupant of the temperate zone.
It has been assumed, and with a gre it degree
of probability, that these irregularities of sea
sons may be attributed to the gradual change
of the inclination of the earth's axis that the
earth is constantly vibrating in its inclination,
from and tia perpendicular to the plane of the
ecliptio that on an approach to the perpendicu
lar the tropics are extended north, while iih its
retrocession therefrom tbe frigid zone is brought
down to near the tropics and we have a glacial
period, whioh continues until by another ap
proach to a perpendicular tbe ioe is malted pre
paratory to another period of warmth. If this
assumpiion is oorreot, a record must be inevit
ably made upon tbe earth's crust, and it is now
the province of the geologist to determine how
many limes the earth has thus swung back and
forth since its crust become sufficiently nnlMi.
fled to keep the record, and to calculate, ap
proximately, the periods of time thus occupied.
It is now well known that the ancient Egyp
tians and Chaldeans made astronomy a matter
of very close study, and tbat they mapped the
heavens so far as visible to the naked eye. It
has also been pretty well ascertained that the
pyramids had more or less connection with the
astronomical studies of th? Egyptians. JEhe
great pyramid stands with its four sides exactly
facing the four points of the compass. It has
also been observed that a line of its masonary
points very nearly in a line to the North star,
near, but not exactly to whioh the North pole
of the earth also points. May it not be that the
ohanges of the seasons of the earth to which
we have alluded, were also known to that an
cient and mysterious people, and that they
also were curipus to learn tbe cause ? They
knew nothing of a "North pole;" tbeir theory
was tbat the earth and the North star were fixed
and immovable; that the sun in its revolutions
around tbe earth came further north in sum
mer tban in winter. May they not a'so have
suspected that the inclination of tbe earth
might have a slow movement to and from the
average position of the sun ? Admitting these
suppositions, what more natural inference tban
that a uradual increase of that inclination
would produce the great season of cold, tbe ex
istence of which might have been handed down
from primeval races which had been driven
from their warm and pleasant northern homs
thousands of years before, to seek more south
ern latitudes as the earth gradually inclined it
self away from the sun ? Perhaps these same
Egyptians might have been Ihe descendants of
those people. Admitting these further suppo
sitions, would not suoh an intelligent and en
quiring people have endeavored to devise some
plan to detect and keepa record of the progress
of suoh an important change ? What more
icitsiuits way oi aoing so man to have fixed a
permanent line, pointing to the onlv fixed star
in the heavens, so that its possible deviati ns
might ba watohed from generation to genera
tion? That line, which has now maintained
its position for 4,000 years, varies in pointing
out the North star just about as much as the
North pole varies therefrom I Have we here
data from whioh to calculate the quantity of
the enomous periods, whose effacta are now so
surely read by tbe geological student ? Have
we thus conneoted the observations of the an.
cientEgyptiin astronomers with those of our
owndiy? Another period of 4,00 J years will
be required to prove or disprove this assump
tion; but we need not ereot a costly pyramid
or even keep watch over that already erected to
hand down our observations to the astronomers
or A. O. 5876. The ptinting press will surely
preserve our reoards, and ibe improved instru
ments of to-day will serve our astronomers
fmofA,nCrS?r'el,' ibt dU the skill'"-l "
tects of 4,000 years ago.
Death of a Famous SiiixioN. Bysdick'g
famous stallion, " Hambletonian." died at
Chester. N. Y., March 27th, aged about 28
Jff", , He w?g ,be 8ire ' tbe mist noted and
valuable trotting stock in the omutry
WCagSH,