Willamette farmer., April 07, 1876, Image 3

WILLAMETTE FARMER.
?w:NiSSmSJ
Qood HeAlTH-
Breathing Through the Nose.
There are various reasons for considering the
nose the natural outlet of the lungs, and hence . . . ..
various advantages to be derived from breath- Treatment of Bkk Stinos.-A writer in the
ing throngh the nose. American Journal of M i croscopy gives the fol-
1st. If we breathe through the nose we will low,nB directions for the treatment of a bee
be enabled often to detect the presenceof noxi. S,IDB' w.hlch re worth remembering: "Onions,
ons odors in the air we breathe, and so be "mmonia, ashes, beef and a hundred other
warned of danger in time to prevent it. ' 'emedle,f hav,e been Pf "bed, but we never
2d The internal nose is studded with hairs, , ,founJ lhem ofny fVech. ?lnB- Wthepoi-on-which
in some degree at least prevent the inl b8 has not been emptied, remove it with a
gress of noxious matters with the air we breathe, snftrP kn',e. r 8,i better, with a pair of twee
Dust is strain, d out, and it is confidently as-, ze s0 formed a" to grap the 8tiDg Itself with
serted by persons who have tested the matter, t ont Passing on the bag. Common hair Uee-
trmi mlaftt'nft. nr minted from marine ih
blood if one breathes only through the nose.
Some persons have lived in malarious districts,
slept on the banks of malarious rivers, etc., for
years, and yet have escaped all the forms of
fever which usually followed a rei-idence iu the
country, who have ascribed their exemption
solely to the settled habit of breathing only
through the nose.
3d. By breathing tbrongh the nose, little, if
any, air passes into the lungs until it has come
in contact with tho membranes of the nose,
which are supposed to possess some power of
neutralizing malarious and contagious poisons.
4th. By drawing our breath only through
the nose, the air is warmed by contact with the
membranes before it reaches the lungs, and
so inflammations and cocgestions of those
organs are avoided.
Per coutra, the habit, so common, of breath,
ing throngh through the mouth has many dis
advantages. In this way a great volume of air
is quickly taken in, loaded with dust, malari
ous or contagious impurities, etc., of whiob we
are utterly unconscious,' until the blood has
been poisoned, and serious and perhaps fatal
disease been inaugurated The cold air being
taken in in great volume and with great ra
pidity, chills the lungs, whereas, if breathed
through the nose, it would be warmed before
reaching the lungs.
The habit of breathing through the the month
is caused largely by weakness of respiratory
muscles, and one excellent method of strength
ening those muscles is to breathe through the
nose. It is certainly as wife a plan as sucking
air through a silver tube, so often recommended.
Then breuthe through the nose, as nature indi
cates, if you would have good health.
Care of the Hands.
Great care should be taken to keep the nails
neat and well trimmed. They should be
ronnded at the top, and not too closely. Their
polish and rosiness may be increased by brush
ing and rubbing.
To improve the skin of the hands and arms,
take two ounces of Venice i oap, and dissolve
it in two ounces of lemon juice. Add one
ounce of the oil of bitter almonds, and a like
quantity of oil of tartar. Mix the whole, and
stir it well nntil it haB acquired the consistency
of soap, and use it as such for the hands.
The paste of sweet almonds, which contains
an oil fit for keeping the skin soft and elastic,
and removing indurations, may be beneficially
applied to the bands and arms.
For hands that are stained, there is an easy
remedy. Dampen the hands first in water,
then rub them with tartario acid, or salt of
lemons, as yon would with soap; rinse them
and rub them dry. Tartario acid, or salt of
lemons, will quickly remove stains from white
mnBlin or linens. Put less than half a table
spoonful of salt or abid into a tablespoonfnl of
water; wet the stain with it, and lay it in the
sun for an hour; wet it once or twice with cold
water during the time; if this does not remove
it repeat the acid water, and lay it in the sun.
A most excellent ointment for hands that are
scratched, burnt or. sore, is thns nrenArnd:
Take three drachms of camnhor sum. threo nf'
white beeswax, ihree of spermaceti, two ounces ' Trade at one place year after year if you can
of olive oil put them together in a cup upon nn a place to suit you. A store keeper soon
the stove, where they will melt slowly and form , learns to prize you if yon prove a good cash
a white ointment in a few minutes. If the ' customer, and will give yon many liberal
hands be affected, anoint them on going to trades. I have known them many a time to
bed, and put on a pair of gloves. A day or , even tell a good enstomer when there was go
two will suffice to heal them. ' ing to be a rise in a certain article, and advise
For chapped hands, instead of washing the I
hands with soap, employ oatmeal, and after
each washing take a little dry oatmeal and rub
over the bands, so as to absorb any moisture.
Illustrated Weekly.
Eating How to Keep off Dyspepsia.
It is an old German adage that "more peo
ple dig their own graves with their teeth
than with spades," and verily it would seem
so if we would look at the immense number of
dyspeptics, rhoumatios and gouty individual",
creepiug through life in pain and wretched
ness. Yet it is next to impossible to induce
even thinking people to control their appetites,
and to eat such things and at such times as na
ture shows tbem is necessary and right. Dr.
Hall declares, unhesitatingly, that it is wrong
to eat without an appetite, for it shows there is
no gastric juice in the stomach, and that nature
does not need food; and not needing it, there
being no fluid to receive and act upon it, it re-'
mains there only to putrefy, the very tboueht '
of which should be sufficient to deler any man
from eating without an appetite the remainder
oi nis we
s li e If a tonic is taken to whet the ap. ,
te, it is a mistaken course, for its only re-
is to cause one to eat more when already .
mnrtnt Tina naan wan f-mrrtnrl what ha
petite,
suit
whatever tans to accompnsn that essential ob-
- ., , .. ,r j-
ject, fails to have any efficacy towards the cure
of dyspepto diseases. The formation of gas -
trio juice is directly proportioned to the wear
and tear of the bystem, which it is to be the means
of supplying, and this wear and tear can only
take place as the result or exercise. The efh-
portion as it is agreeable, interesting and prof.
uauie. iYiuiimui uruivjcr.
Don't Worry Yourself.
To regain or recover health, persons should
be relieved from all anxiety concerning diseases.
The- mind has power over the body. For a '
person to think be has a disease will often
produce that disease. This we see effected
when the mind is intensely concentrated upon
the disease oi anotner. it is louna in the hos
pitals that surgeons and physicians who make
a specialty of certain diseases are liable to die
of them; and the mental power is so gnat that
sometimes people die of diseases which they
only have in imagination. We have seen a
person seasick in anticipation of a voyage be
fore reaching the vessel. We have known a
Eerson to die of cancer in the stomach when he
ad no cancer or any ether mortal disease. A
blindfolded man, slightly pricked in the arm,
has fainted and died from believing that he
was bleeding to death. Therefore, well per
sons, to remain well, sbonld be cheerful and
happy; and sick persons should have their
attention drawn aa much as possible from
themselves. It is by their faith that men are
saved, and it is by their faith that men die. If
he wills not to die, be can often live in spite of
disease; and if be has little or no attachment
to life, he wilt Blip away as easily as a child
will fall aleep. Men live by their souls, and
not by their bodies. Their bodies have no lite
of themselves; they are only resources of life
tenements of their souls. The will has much
to do in continuing the physical occupancy or
8'T'D6 " UP'
I Mrs are jun me tnmg. xms must, nowever.
Domestic Ecofiopy-
How to Breakfast.
The Sanitary Record (English) sanctions our
American custom of n substantial meal soon after
rising, as follows: Let a healthy man really
"break" his "fast" with a substantial meal,
and not break his breakfast with irritating little
nips or slips beforehand. After the stomach
has at its leisure emptied itself daring deep of
its contents, and sent them to repair the worn
(issues and exhausted nerve force,and the blood
has been ventilated and purified by washing
and dressing with the window open, then is the
time when the most perfect of all nutritive ar
ticles, farinaceous food, ran be consumed in
larger quantities with advantage. Batter also,
and fat and sugar, troablesome customers to
weak digestions, are then easily coped with,
and contribute their invaluable aid to perform
ing the duties of the day. For example, many
persons can drink milk to a fair and useful
umount at breakfast, with whom it disagrees
at other hours. And the widely advertised
"breikfast baoon" by its name warns the con
sumer against indulgence later on in the day.
Cafe au tail and sweet, creamy tea are to many
mm poisonous in the afternoon, though in the
prime of the morning they are a wholesome
beverage (b the same individuals. Let the
vigor, good humor, and refreshment then felt by
a healthy man be utilized without delay in eat
ing a hearty meal immediately after he is dressed,
and not frittered away iu the frivolities of
other occupations. Let not reading, writing
or business muscular, political or economical
exhaust the nervous Bystem. The news
papers and letters should not be opened, pre
lerably not delivered, till the appetite is thor
oughly appeased.
Economy in Housekeeping.
In buying anything, be it groceries or cotton
cloth, be not "penny wise or pound foolish."
Some people with an honest desire to economize
look well to the "spigot but forget to watch the
bung." They spend hours running from one
store to another to see where they can buy the
cheapest, and if they get an article a few cents
less at one place than nas been asked them at
another, they are in high spirits over their
purchasing ability, never dreaming that they
have, even at the price given, paid more than
the article was worth 1 Some cannot discrimi
nate fine flavored coffee from that of insipid
or rank flavor. That being the case, a cheap
article will answer their purpose just as well.
Indeed many people educate their taste just to
suit their purse that is well. A man with a
slim purse is better pleased and much happier
if he have not a refined taste, as it is certainly
an expensive thing to own; bat if he have,
better buy a little of a cood article than n nnnrl
deal of a poor one.
.doming is ever gained by buying cheap arti.
cles, nor by chaneincr vour dace of trade often
the purchasing of more than the usual stock.
jliuusihui customers never reap tne Denent ot
any such hints, and then wonder why they cn
not buy things reasonably. Germantovm Tele
graph, Tipsy Cake. Take a stale SDoncre cake, cut
i the bottom of it so as to make it stand even on
a glass dish. Make numerous incisions in it
I with a knife, and nonr over it half a nint of
sherry and a glass of brandy; let the oake soak
these all up. Blanch, peel, and slice some
sweet almonds, and stick the cake all over with
them. Blanob, chop, and pound in a mortal
one-quarter pound of sweet almonds, moisten
ing with a little orange flower water to prevent
their oiling; add one pint ofmitkandthevolksof
six eggs; sweeten to taste with pounded loaf
sugar. Stir over the fire till the custard thick
ens, but do not let it boil. Keep stirring now
and then till it is quite cold, then pour it round
the cake. Garnish the dish with crystallized
fruit, and it is ready.
Egos and Minced Veal. The N. Y. rimes'
recipe for preparing eggs and veal is the
following: lake some remnants of roast veal,
trim off 111 browed pa 17 and mince it Very
fineIy. fry a 8hallot g, ' d rfI Cj " J
o b,t " when ,t ,; & g, l J "J
i. , . -D ..... w "
c - v if ..; ..ji.ii. :.. . j
oally hot by the'g5de of the fire; lastly add a"
,few - dropSO'nealon jnicet Serve with sippets
of bread fried in butter, round, and poached
eggs on the top.
Pmrndimmnwrn pii,i.iiii.......
' , full of boiling, salted water. Do not overtoil
I it. Drain it on a sieve, pick it out into small
? sprigs, and place them into a deep dish with
i plenty of vinegar, whole pepper, salt and a few
cioves. wnentney nave laid about an boar in
tnis' drain them, dip them in batter, and fry in
hot lard to a golden color.
'55!
The Haib of Squirbels' Tails for Bbpsiies,
A useful bint in regard to the utilization of
squirrels' tails is contained in the Chicago Field,
in the form of an extract of a letter written by
Mills Brothers, manufacturers of brashes in
Brooklyn, N. Y. They state a fact, which is
perhaps known to few of onr readers, that the
bo called camels' hair brashes are made from
the bair of the tails of squirrels, the demand
for which is increasing very rapidly. It is a
question, however, whether the tails of the
California squirrels animals extremely de
structive to the crops in thin State will an
swer the pnrpose, as they are not trne squirrels,
but a spermaphile, or ground squirrel. The
hairs on the tail of this animal, although long,
are coarser than those of the tree squirrel, and
probably less desirable. There would, how
ever, be no difficulty in obtaining a sufficient
supply of the tree squirrels, inch ai the red,
the i ray, the fox squirrel, etc, tbrongbont the
viriouB parti of the country, to meet a very
large demand.
SlfEEf 4d Wool.
The Wool and Wojlen Interest.
We find in one of our New York exchanges
some interesting statistics upon the wool and
woolen industry of the United States. The
number of sheep in the United States for the
last four years respectively and their valuat.oti
in 1874 and 1875, as oompiled from authentic
sources, Is as follows:
fear. Sheep. Valuation.
1800 22,471,273
1870 28,477.1161
1874 33,!IJ820O fttS,690,SG9
1875 33.78J.CO0 S,320,GS3
The falling off from 1874 to 1875 was evi
dently due to the hard time-", which have de
creased the demand and the pricts for all kinds
of products
The distribution of the wool producing in
dustry is indicated in the following table,
which includes all the States having 1 000,000
sheep or more, the total in the United States
being 28,477,957 head, and gives the number
of pounds of wool produoed iu each, according
to the census of 1870, the total production of
the United States being 100,102,3o7 pounds:
Sheep. Lbs. Wool.
1870. 1860. 1870. 18CoT
New York !,181,578 2,61. .855 10,6J'I,225 tMM.Ul
Pennsylvania .14 301 l,6il,M0 6.301,722 4,752,52)
Missouri 1.332,001 937,445 3 049,390 2,979,778
Ohio 4,928,035 3,646,7G7 20,539,043 10.CC8.927
Indiana 1,012,640 991.175 5029,021 2.652.318
Illlnoi l,6(VS,2n8 769.133 5,7.19,249 l,9r.9,St!7
Michigan 1.98S9U6 1,211,744 8.72.; 145 3,9n0 888
Wl.consln.... 1,009,282 332.9U 4 09il,C70 1,011,93.)
California 2,768,187 1,080,002 11,391,713 2,663,109
Two-thirds of the sheep in the country, as
will be seen by the above table, were owned in
the nine States named, aud those States fur
nished about three-fourths of the wool product.
Ohio takes the lead, California stands next,
New York third and Michigan fourth.
The wool corded and dressed in all the
States amounted per value to $3,5 14,052, mak
ing in mannfactartd products 4,075,920. The
following table thowa the amount of cording
and cloth dressing done in the St.it.es named:
Stab rials. Products.
Kentucky 311,000 $115,401
Maine 223 085 2S.237J
Michigan l'3,21ti 213,316
Missouri 508,410 671,032
New York 483972 654,810
Pennsylvania 265,137 393,10-2
Tennessee..... 3b7,6J3 491,817
Virginia 109,686 130,123
Wisconsin 103 6u5 137,071
The total value of the wool worked up in the
United States in 1870 was $93,400,884, and of
all materials $9U,432.G01, resulting in product b
valued at $151,290,190, In I860 the value of
all materials worked into woolen goods was
$30,586,287 -showing that the industry had
nearly trebled in 10 years. The materials
used in the latter year, in five States, and the
value of the products were as follows;
Materials. Product.
Massachusetts f24,80 1 8 (39 489,242
Pennsylvania 17,325,849 27,301,897
Connecticut 11,010,925 17,303,118
Now York 8,348.093 14,U2,45
llhodl Island 8,089,943 12,558,117
Total (09,647,532 (110,927,049
Pulling Wool.
The 0u'o Farmer contains the following di
rections for taking the wool from sheeps' pelts:,
Prepare a board three feet wide and three or
four feet in length, with one smooth side;
spread a pelt on the smooth side of the board,
flesh side up.. Have mixed some lime and
water, about the consistency of good rich cream,
(lime mixture such as is suitable for plastering
or laying brick will do, but you mast nse a lit
tle more of the latter.) Wood ashes 'mixed
with water, as with lime, will start the wool
quicker, bnt it frequently eats into the skin,
and makes it so tender that the skin will tear
in palling. Spread a thin layer or coating of
tne lime mixture an over tne flesh side, then
fold the flesh sides together carefully, and roll
up, and lay in a moderately warm place from
six to twelve hours; the wool will then be
ready to pull. Then place the board at an angle
ot say lorty-nve degrees, unroll the pelt,
scrape off the lime, and lay the flesh side upon
the board, holding the neck in one hand, and
with the other slide or push the wool off in a
whole fleece, which can bo easily and nicely
done in ten minutes. Then roll it up, same as
u snorn wool, rut the fleeces separately in a
dry and airy place for six or eight days, to let
the moisture escape that is natural to lately
shorn wool, as well as that absorbed from the
use of lime moisture. Last year we bad a similar
lot of wool to that we now have, and sent it to a
wooi manuiacturer, xueir sorter valued it
at 45 cents per pound. Calling such woo)
worth 35 cents this year, we get for the wool of
each pelt 1.90, or $1.17 more than the
highest price the pelts would have brought.
TliE Dmy.
A Dairymen's Association.
We are familiar with the means by which the
dairy interest in the Eastern States has ad
vanced step by step from its small beginnings
to its present magnitude. The first and foro
mo6t has been the dairymen's association.
There are associations in the different dairy
States and one general association which draws
its membership from all the States. These as
sociations have their annual meetings, contin
uing their sessions through two or three days,
and at these meetings every question which is
related to the practice of dairy husbandry,
from the breeding of dairy stock through al
the details of cheese and butter mannfacture to
the question of best methods of marketing
all these varied matters are discussed by the
dairymen themselves and by students of the
science which is involved in their operations,
whom they invite to address them. The result
has been a wonderful improvement of dairy
stoik by judicious breeding, a markod improve
ment in the quality of the manufactured prod
uct, both of cheese and .batter, and tho open
ings of new foreign markets which consume
annually 2,000,000 boxes, or 120,000,000
pounds, of the item of oheese alone. Twenty
years ago the export of American cheese in
large quantities was not known.
How This wu Attained.
As we have said before, the main avenue of
progress was opened by the dairymen's associ
ations. Meetings were called, dairymen met
and organized themselves for mutual improve
ment and the advancement of their business.
Every man reported his own success or failure,
and what he conceived to be the reasons for it.
An experienced man was sent to England to dis
cover what methods were employed to make a
cheese suitable for the English market. It was
practical work and talk which prevailed in
the meetings. The men from the dairy farms,
the vats and the churns, met and compared
their practices point by point. A man's suc
cess was made the proof of the valne of his
talking, and when a method of operation was
thus approved in the experience of one it was
laid open so that all cond test and profit by
it. It is fairly wonderful to one who is fo
miliar with the history of American dairying
10 look back over the laet score of years niul
behold how the JSasttrn dairymen have im
proved their practice and extended their oper
ation by organizing aud workiog together to
ward that end.
Can Our Dairymen do Likewise 7
There can be no doubt that the dairy in
dustry on this coast now needs just such a
stimulating and improving ngenry as worked
such cood results in New York. Vermont,
Ohio, Illinois and other Eastern States. We
are working under conditions which iu many
re-peots are altogether new to dairy science.
We cannot emn ov Eastern methods either in
the care aud feed of slock nor in the manufac
ture of tho product. We have to build up our
own methods and practices. It is d filcnlt to
st o how this can be done unless we associate
and make a common fund of the experieni e
we have already gained, and push forward all
together to enrlcti ourselves wnn new expe
rience. All questions should be considered and
discussed until each one has had opportunity
to throw whatever light he possesses upon it.
We are making some of the very best and pome
of the very poorest butter in the world in this
Sta'e. We are making some very good and
somo very poor cheese. Let us compare expe
rience and discover whence comes the differ
ence. Tho result of a comparison ot expe
rience would plainly show what are essential
to success in dairying in this State, and what
practices result in failures.
Advantages lo be Gained.
Let ns enumerate a few of the points which
could be gained by assoriation and disciis-don
among our dairymen. Weconld determine:
First. What the actual cdndition of dairying
is in this State. There is now no complete
information of this kind.
Second. What parts of the State are fitted
foi dairy husbandry.
Third. What are the best methods of dairy
praotlce, both in the feed and care ot stock
and methods of manufacture of cheese and
butter, under the different conditions of soil
and climate which exist in different parts of
the coast.
Fourth. The chances of success which invilo
inve.-tment in dairying, so that the duin
regions of the State can be proporly brought to
the attention of the many dairymen in the
Eastern States who aro meditating immigra
tion. Fifth. The general improvement ot our
dairy stock and dairy produce which will fol
low a full discussion of practices hero as it
followed similar discusion in the older dairy
regions of the East.
Sixth. A full and careful examination of
the present methods of marketing auiry pro
duce to discover whether the producer secures
the full reward of his industry.
How Organization can be Effected.
The way to organize, aswith Horace Gree
ley's resumption, is to organize. All there is
to be done is to express a disposition to form a
dairymen's association, and then form it. In
order to ascertain the disposition of the dairy
men, wo make the following proposition: Let
every dairy reader of the Bubal Fbess, when
be has read this artiole, send us word at onoe
by letter or postal card, stating whether he
approves the idea of forming an association for
the purpose of advancing the dairy interest of
the State, and mentioning some of the reasons
why he thinks it will be a useful organization.
Let him give his name and postofnee address,
and, mention any of his neighbors whom he
thinks are of his mind. After a sufficient num
ber of names aro received we will send to eaoh
a copy of a formal call for a meeting at some
convenient time and place, and when signatures
are received to the oall we will publish it in
the Bubal Fbiss. so tbat all dairymen may be
informed of the movement and share in it if
they will. All that will then remain to do will
be to attend the meeting and start the associa
tion at its work.
The first thing to do, dairy readers, is to
write us what you think of the proposition.
Let us hear from you.
iRBOrlcdLydcE,
The Pyracanth as a Hedge Plant.
There has arisen of late in agricultural cir
cles considerable inquiry concerning the pyra
canth as a hedge plant. John Dunoan, of
Louisville, Kentucky, furnishes the following
information:
The pyracanth is a native of Europe, and we
may add further that it is a near relative of the
hawthorn, the two belonging to tho name bo
tanical genius, namoly, Cralaryus, th one, the
hawthorn, being 0. Oiycmiitha ; the othor, in
which we aro moro immediately interested, G.
I'yracunlha.
The pyracanth, or, to uso a prettier namo by
which it is known, evergreen Ihorn. under
favo'able circumstances and whon planted
singly becomes a small tree which, when in
bloom and covered with its white blosnoms, is
Btriking and ornamental. Planted closely,
when it is meant to becouo a hedge, it under
goes a process of stunting and dwarfing, which
are steps in the direction of the end sought.
Pyracanth can bo propagated in t'iree ways
bj seed, which is nature's way; by layers or
cuttings, which are artificial mothods. The plan
of increase by " layering " is seldom resorted
to; propagation by seed is very well when soed
can bo obtained in sufficient abundance, but
the usual way of increasing the pjracanth
among our nurserymen is by slips or cuttings.
But it is not important to go into minute de
tails on tho methods of propagating pyraosntb.
Nearly all these who contemplate planting
should find some nurseryman from whom they
can obtain supplies when thoy are ready to go
to work.
How to Grow a Hedge.
And now about the nrenaration of the cronnd.
This can be put in proper condition either by
the plow or spade, and the setting out, to be
done neatly and in the best manner, should
have the benefit of the latter implement. No
farmer or gardener requires to be told bow to
prepare ground tor any crop, ana thoretoro 1
would only remark that nowhere more than
here will what is known as " scratching the
surface " result disastrously. The setting oat
snouia oe periormea neatly in straight lines
and in the spring, and the cultivation for the
first and tiecond seasons should resemblo that
given to any important crop, and on no account
ought the weeds be allowed to become masters
of the situation. Any vacancies mads by deaths
sbonld be supplied in the spring following and
a moderate heading back given at the close of
the second year. From this forward careful
trimming will be required overy season at both
sides and top, and it sbonld be conducted in a
manner which will cause the hedge always to
be broadest below, tapering gradually upward
until the apex is reaobed. If this is neglected
the base will become bare and the hedge, com
paratively SDeakinu. a faiinre.
And thus in a few years the farmer can have '
a live fence, which, with proper care, will last
for a lifetime, in addit on to forming both a
shelter and a protection. Now, we would not
recommend that any one should at the outset
attempt on an extensive scale the formation of
hedges. Such an undertaking should be en
gaged in gradually but re-olntely, and if it is
we are confident that the result will he satis
fatory. If you have a garden, hedge it round
about, and that will be an experimental ground
from which yon can obtain valuable ideas for
your future guidance.
The Pecan as a Timber Tree.
L. Harbison writes to tho Prrtiri Farmer
coucerr.ing the value of the pecan tree for tim
ber. He gives bis experience ns follows :
The cotionwood was hardy and of rapid
growth, but worthless ns a timber tree, and
very inferior as luel. The locust would sprout
from tho root so as to become n nuisance, and
the borers ruined the groves. The gray willow
did cot realize tho anticipations formed of it,
even as a feueing material. The soft maple
was valuable for wind-breaks and for fuel, but
was not a timber tree. At this point I thought
of the pecan (Ciirya oliviformis) a spectes of
hickory, a native of the Illinois and Missis
sippi valleys. I satisfied myself, by experi
ment and inves igntion, of its value as a tim
ber tree, wagon and cariiage makers, when
ever they had used it, testifying of its value as
ueiug equal to the best of' whito ash, for all
purposes of buggy or carriage manufacture,
po-sessing equal" durability, and greater
ttreneth und elasticity. At various points on
the Mis-issippl river, steamboat carpenters who
bad used it, found it valuable timber in boat
building. As n fuel it has no superior. Bnt
would it grow and thrive on onr piairies ?
To test this, in the fall of 1871 I dug up in
the bottom land, along the Illinois liver, a
dozen or two young trees, heeled them in my
garden for the winter, and in the spring re
moved them to my farm on the prairie. The
summer ot 1872 was hot and dry, but all the
trees grew and did finely. Next year I in
creased my planting, and thns far have three
different settings of trees. I find it as easily
transplanted as any tree I ever haudled, hav
ing never lost a tree ; of vigorous growth,
clean and healthy. By my advice several of
my friends have procured and rlauicd this tree,
and I have S00 more which I inteud to plant
the coming spring. The pecan tree ordinarily
commences bearing about eight years of age.
It bears one of our finest nuts, which sold in
Cincinnati mark it. for tho past six years, at an
average price of five dollars per bnshel. A
gentleman in the southern part of the state,
who has a pecan orchard, partly natural, whioh
he has increased by further planting, says "it
is of moro value to him yearly than his apple
orchard " The pecan tree is grown readily
from the nnl, if it is not allowed to become
dry before planting.
Railways at the Bottom of the Sea.
When railways on land were first talked of,
the projectors were oredited with being virion
ary enlhubiaste. What, then, is likely to be
thought of those who seriously propose to bavo
railroads uudor tho sen. A submarine carriage
of a most ingenious construction has recently
been invented in Paris to cross the channel,
and for navigating deer) rivers and canals.
The carriage is of galvanized iron, aud is her
metically sealed. As its lightness, compared
with surrounding water, would oause it at once
to rise to the surface, it is attached to a heavy
eight-wheeled truck, whioh ruua on a line of
rails lnid down under the ocean. It is not fas
tened so securely, however, but that, in the
event of an accident, it could be at once de
tached and allowed lo ascend to the open air,
when it would be easy to make for the nearest
port. The motive power is supMied by two
fcrews driven by compressed air. An enor
mous quantity ot air is distributed through the
interior in numerous pipes, for the benefit of
the screw and passengers. Wo might enter
Btill farther into details, and desoribe the elect
trio light at the bows, which is to illuminate
both the road and the interior of the vessel; the
entrance for the passengers, hermetically sealed
when all are aboard ; tho strong gloss windows,
out of which any one may see the marvels of
the deep ; the raft carried on the roof, and the
divers' chamber at the stern. Manufacturers
Journal.
Beskbvoirb fob thk Mississippi. In orde
to do away with the enormously destractiv
freshets which occur every spring along th
conrce of tho Mississippi it Is proposed to ei
tablieh a Bystem of reservoirs above the falls
St. Anthony, by building a number of dan:
to withhold the water from the liver iu sprit
and utilize it when necessary. From snrvo-:
recently made by United States engineers '
appears that the urea of tho water sheds, or ft
fluents of the great river above the falls of I)
Anthony, is l'.K'M'J square miles, which tulgf
bold, besides the present supply, 95,500,00')
COO cubic feet of water. At low wuter there,
a deficit at St. Paul which might be suppll
from these reservoirs and tho flow bo kept evi
or at such a rato of motion as might be
quired. The time will probably soon oo
uhen human providence will deal with
Mississippi the Nilo of America as tho
cient Egyptians doalt with Iheir sacred ri
One of the wonders of the engineering ski
those, great people was the Lako of Mforif
which the iuuudatlons of the Nile were r
lated nnd water stored up for irrigation dm
tho low stage of the rivor. With suoh re
voirs as now proposed an equally great and
mirablo work might be accomplished In A)
ica,
How to Build a Limb Kiln. Patrick E
of Cheshire, Conn., who has had much
rience in that direction, sends the N. Y. H
the following in regard to building lime kilnj
not use freestone, but build of pure limeton
matter if they aro three or seven feet long
them all endways across the wall; then i
time the kiln Is burned threo or four it
of the kiln will burn off as good lime as a
the kiln. Sandstone will oolor the Ilmc
spoil it for perfect use. Build only one
wide in the bottom for 10 inobes high; th
it run wido when about six or seven feet
it will be 10 feet wide and 13 long; the
brought in again to about 0 by llonth
The narrow place at the bottom is for a
where tho ashes can bo removed each mo
The grate is made of limestone, placed
three inches apart; over this is an an
the wood two feet and fix inches high,
take from six to eight days to burn frc
to three hundred barrels. This correspt
always burns with peat.
To Fasten Labels to Tin Cans. Pu '
spoonful of brown sugar into a quart ol '
and it will fasten labels as securely to t '
as to wood. Housewives may save tbei '
mueh annoyance in the loss of label:
their fruit cans when putting up the'
fruit, by remembering tula faot.
1
4
d
f
1-
Stkiland Ibon Wibe Boric, Ron
wire rope will bear more than doable the
required to break iron wire rope of
diameter.
It is said tbat ono pound of gold
drawn into a wire that would extend re
world.
."
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