AJTVfiJSfflfiP WILLAMETTE FARMER English vs. American Workmen, In pursuance of instructions, United States oodbqIs in Europe have been supplying totbeir government some information relating to tbe laboring classes, and tbe ebief of tbe Bureau of Statistics has published tbe result of tbe in quiry. Tbe general conclusion to be drawn -from tbe answers is unfavorable to tbe effi ciency of English labor as compared with Ameri can. It would seem that nine hours of an American's labor are equal to about ten of an Englishman's, tbe superiority being nearly represented by tbe ratio of 10 per cent. Tbe consuls at Bradford, Sheffield and other manii iacturing cities, and tbe chief of the borean himself, came to this conclusion after much in vestigation. This is especially true of heavy manufacturing work, such as machine and en gineering work and tbe fabrication of hard ware, cutlery and other manufactures of iron and steel. In all these branches 900 Americans are tbought to be equal to 1,000 Englishmen in the tiuiount of work per week they will accom plish. This corresponds with the experience of our own manufacturers. It has before been observed here that in labors demanding enormous phys ical strength and endurance like iron pud dling the Americans were superior to the En glish ; while in patient, steady drudgery the British "navvy" or Irish day laborer is much be)ndthe Yankee ; and Mr. Brassey's expe rience la no doubt true, tht the English day laborer is the cheapest laborer in the world, -because he accomplishes tbe most for tbe money. The American demands a toil with some peculiar stimulus to call out his best powers. Thus, in a dangerous, difficult em ployment like lumbering, demanding; great strength and presence of mind, no nationalit) is equal to the American. Tbe superiority, however, of which we have spoken, seems to be less true in other branches, aud in cotton and woolen manufactuie the British superior ity is expressed by the ratios of eight and six per cent. The explanation given bv the report of the greater efficiency of American labor is proba bly the true one that it lies in its gre iter "adaptability, " ow ing to tbe superior education and intelligence of tbe American factor work-' man, and in more temperate American habits. The English workman requires a day or two to get over bis Saturday night and Sunday night drinking sprees, lhe extent to which tbe En glish laboring class drink up tbeir wages ap pears in a melancholy form in this report. The consul at Sheffield reports that great num bers of working men ttop work on Saturday noon, and do not commence again till tbe follow ing Wednesday. This U, in part, because they need Monday and Tuesday to nable them to recover from tbe effects of Sunday's drinking. "Increase of pay," says the consul at Birm ingham, " means increase of drink." In Man chester, our consul reports that many sober working women complained that incieaed wages and shortened hours of labor were a curse to the families, as the men were only more tempted to drink. In Lnerpool there seems a widespread and fearful demoralization of tbe laboring class from their intemperate habits. And thus from almost all the manufacturing centers our officials report a wretched condi tion of workiugmen's families and reduced efficiency of labor from the habits of intern jperance prevalent. A curious fact also appears in tuee re searches, namely, that a rise ot wages does not always produce more work. Thus in the col lieries ot Leds the product for each person in 1864 wan 327 tons for 313 working days, or 21 cwt. for each person per diem In 18C8 it fell to 317 tons, or 20 cwt. per diem; in 1873 to 17Vi cwt. for each person per diem. That is a reduction ot production in 10 rears ot 19 per cent , wliile wages nave risen 3U per cent and upward. In Manchester tbe average earning-) of a certain mine were four shillings seven pence per day in 1871 ; in 1872 the wages had more than doubled, and yet the earnings were two pf nee less per week for eaoh man. The workmen averaged less than four working days per week, while many only worked three days. 'The statistical proof presented by the United States Bureau of Statistics of the terrible loss and degradation to tbe English laboring classes produced by their drinking hibits will not be one of the least of tbe good results accom plished by this able report. Iron Age. Carelessness. It has become so very common to hear of accidents from the reckless use of firearms, that it is but fair to conclude from their great increase in numbers, that either we are growing more careless or else guns are more plentiful. While there can be no doubt that the latter, when accompanied by th low price and poor eraalitv of tbe article, has muoh to do with it. vet it does not excuse the many accidents which happen through worse than carelessness, aud for which the usual plea is, "I didn't kuow it was loaded." It has several times been pro posed to make it a criminal offence to point a gun (loaded or not,) at another. This would be of very little use in making us more care ful, for in most cases tbe offense occurs when it would not be punished. Under tbe head of "making excuses," the Scientific American uses this somewhat harsh, but nevertheless true language: "Our statute and other laws distinguish be tween murder committed with premeditation and malice, from that committed without fore thought. The insane escape punishment for crime, however heinous. The man who shoots his sister by accident is at once acquitted. Bat doeo the ballet discharged by accident prove less fatal than it would bad murder been in tended? Tbe severed artery, the pierced lune, the concerted brain, listen to no excuses. To him that is murdered it is all one whether it was premeditated or not. The American Worklngman. The followinr- is an extract from tbe first speech delivered in Congress by Hon. D. J. Morrell, President of tbe Cambria iron com pany. It has tbe trne ring: The American workingman must live in a house, not a but; he must wear decent clothe", and eat wholesome and nourishing food. He is an integral part of tbe municipality, tbe State and the nation; subject to no fetters of class or caste; neither pauper, nor peasant, nor serf, but a free American citizen. He has the ballot, and if it were possible it would be dangerous to degrade him. The country stands pledged to give him education, political power, and a higher form of life than foreign nations accord tbeir laborers, and be must be sustained bv hisber rates of wages than those of Europe. Our industries operated by American citizens must do ireea from loreign inieriereuce sua organized into a distinct American system, which will exact some temporary sacrifices, but result in general prosperity and trne national independence. In maintaining diversified in dustries we utilize every talent, provide a field for every capacity, and bind together the wbole people in mutual dependence and support, as suring tiie strengtn and security oi ourrepuouc. CoxsomuTisa Ashes. The discovery of a process by which ashes can be converted into a sona mass as bard as marnis nas revived me discussion of cremation in Germany. Pacific Mail Steamship Co. New York to San Francisco, via Panama. 5. . r i S ,.' JEIA.TES OF PASSAGE. & ST ! i o GQ 1sbh99HssIssssssssssssssssssssssssssIsHbHJssss j7jsnMwitt5ilfPBs1PH o a an o Hi H 3 & t&STho Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed ding, Boaid and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is on each ship, and no charge is made foj medicines or medical attendance. Steamers leav6 New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon, And Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks. This Route offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, who will avoid the delays, discomfort and expense of the tedious trip overland by rail. THE STEATSEES OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW Y0EK WITH ALL THE TEANS-ATLANTIC LINES FE0M EUB0PE Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre, The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton, The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool, And the General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire. All information regarding Through Rates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any port in Europe, from whom Through Passage Tickets can be purchased. THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSIIIP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ONTnE WIIAKF, - ,;pie:r -42 north eivee, foot of canal street. Pelton's Six-Fold Horse Power. -iii. &mww&& 12 LtWI R. J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Grower of SEEDS FfarH&i FL0WEBS, .19? s? 'VMJ "ZKT 1 M I Hill - -PSSM K tf. VTiXXy. K . teSr&,'7.- W IfA xiwi: :Bk 1 ii7J t 1 m ie shrubs, at . wv. l'l-.fV' ltoM. .. !1 !. - I. II " ' 3fXOK S l ' -- r - fc m' --jt TREES, T"or tlui C3A.rtrI3Tr, IT ,A.nr, nnrt MANSION1, 43T Sonsome Street, San rranclsio I7"D a rlptlve Catal 'nion application. -VaRDr7TOflr. .'irvty J-JUAjJ-5K. ,J"JW. ' rcto.. II1M1BK ffi'ffli-lfl HBP .1 s.it l.JltAiJ.vi jfcjllaimiLHlMHmBMtMKaMl yyPJWJBWMJCWFIBBMfciMllaaU'' So: 337. 139 nd 831 lUntomt BtrMt, u mxoisoo. IT1IU M.W IMPROVED HOME SHUTTLE Sewing Machine. 3PILIOEI, - - S4.S.OO. WE ALSO SELL The Home Sewing Machine, Thetfi macbloe nM a ahattle, straight needle, and make Ibi Ix'k HlltcU. They are surpatuwtl by none. Titty art tkt iimplui and UghtttUrunnlng mo cAinef in tht icorW. Bend (or clrtuUri. Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns. BESD FOR A CATALOGUE. Royal Cbarta, IS.W. E. W. HAINES, Axent. 17 New Montgomery Street (Qrand Hotel llulldinu), San franclaco. Ilavlni: made new arranRementa with Mr. McKenzie, lam prepared to supply my powers to all person favorlnii me wiib tbeir ordirs All powers boreafter manufactured can only b obtained of ma or my agents. In future they will be made under my directions and specifications, aud nothing but a prime quality Machinery Iron will be used In tbeir manufacture. ......... I have greatly Improved the application aud bracing my Levers which will give them ample strength. All powers fully warranted. For further Information, Send for Circulars aud Prico List to Address, Mv9-lam S. PELTON, Patentee. Salem. Oregon. 1 will send 12 Flowering Tlnnta for On Tlrllir lourchotce from 100 aort), by Jl til. Oil r PIIISS. --? MV ILLOSTflAIED CATALOOUr, ?&J dr.rrliie.hrrit'iMrc Plants A: Seed., jrTir '- ' nr Arid"-. 11. t DO'trillTC II, .!.' Warren st llostan, Ma. ,20 FINE VERBENA8 FOR $1. Any of the following ntmed DUntnntby null. potaBf mliJ, ut lucciiliracti An three tMjrimor 23 utit i, or num. (or SI. No order received for mini leinhan i Kiiti 1-iiiii Oeraiilumi (UuuUe Zonal. Sri nli el ami Ivn. itetiOiiUl, C'riilloti. PlLki. CaktMbrcu. iiaaki-t Flantu, Acfuiuiiii, A bullion, (.Joiaiiibni, Coku. Lun, C'lr)wm- tit ut u llir.lij I'IiI.l sTii.ru.n L.iv.htfhrssiBfiH SJ4llllUlljai, II4MI si Ul Wt IIJ'ttVHS f llav. 1. USItav Ste.l, FtLTUvrt llellotririhei, FTrtrroc ittrum, LtUMiU, Maliirnla, J'lt HibJUx, Doublu I'ftunUi, buUr.um Capatruiiruiu, VvrouWa Ono uckf ( A ter, JUUajj, rrtnitla. I'hlox ami Vtrln-na for 2ft cenU My llluitraltil Catalogue of btw Plunu Seeds for W and any two iukfM of lUe above ocmiKmporcifipiDi hi ci nn AU'irtKH V. A, nJUWAX W iillC, sTB. Published Quarterly. Jasuahv Nimiih jut iutd, ami com tin uvtr 100 1'auis(5001 m.kaim.s( ecrt Hum of in ,rc Ohm &00 of our best Flowera and Vegetables, with Ihrullu.itforCiilttiTC.OoinKj-i) I'LAH.itL - I In. mol iitctul and eltyant uorlc or the kind in the wi rid "(July 35 ccnta lor the yea I'uMmhed in 1 nHlilt ho 1 ('urn tin Vdiiwi lATlFS V1CK Rochester. N. Y. mmmvi RUSIN TlSSS ,NT 5TRATT0N Tjr1 ESSCOLLEGF: ou-posrsrja! cam FRANCiRrnCBtaaca rfe.. $BRpxtfna& I R2rralK&E??PSr3S3rn IIBiiiliHi -7KhyFS Gr SUTX pytjjy &C"Vf lf AiS&ZJ ' 03. C25 sfyatafi9T3tn. woT-aoin. uriEn. puTom.ja. htoi.temu waienrTtusZsTrjayssaaBM K.tl Rl jl n i i 1 i M i