Willamette farmer., March 24, 1876, Page 7, Image 7

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WE.LAMETTE FARMER.
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Motive Power for the Centennial.
The monster engines to foraiah motive power
(or the Centennial Exposition are being erected
in Machinery hall. They were built at Provi
dence, It. I., under a contract made with Geo.
H. Corliss, of that city. The engines are what
is known as "beam engines" of the Corliss
pattern, with all the latest improvements, and
nominally oi 700 horse-power each, or 1,500
'horse-power in both, though this can be in
creased even to 2,500 borsc-power should oc
casion require. The cylinders are 40 inches
in diameter, with 10 feet Btroke. The engines
are providid witb air pumps and condensing
apparatus, and are intended to work with 25
to 60 pounds of steam, according to the require
ments of the exhibition.
The gear fly wheel in 30 feet in diameter, two
feet across its' face, and when completed will
weigh 5G tons. And as one looks on it at the
works, it is easy to believe that it is the heav
iest cut wheel ever made, as indeed it is. It
has 216 teeth, and these are to be finished with
such degree of accuracy, such perfection of
tiioety, that though the wheel is to make 35
revolutions per minute, it is confidently ex
pected it will run noiselessly. The crank shaft is
19 inches in diameter and 12 feet long, of best
hammered iron. The "bearings" for this shaft
are IS inches in diameter, 27 inches in length.
The cranks which, seen alone, seem to be
enormous, are of gun metal, highly polished,
and vi eigh over five tons each. The walking
beams are of new design, and are nine fe-t
wide in the center, 27 feet long, and weigh 11
tons each. These are cast solid, while the gear
fly wheel is cast in lections. The connecting
rods fire about 21 feet long, and are made of horse
shoes, or to be literally correct, of horse shoe
scrap iron, that being considered the best iron
that can be obtained. About 9,600 horse
shoes were used in making the connecting
rods.) The piston rods are of steel, 6 inches
in diameter, and the velocity of the pistons
will he 720 feet per minute. The large gear
with which the gear fly wheel connects is 10
feet in diameter, and is a solid castiDg weigh
ing 17,000 ponnds. The hight of the engine
from the main floor to the top of the walking
"beam at its highest pitch will be 39 feet, and
every part of it will be accessible by means of
iron staircases and balconies, which are so
designed as to contribute largely to the embel
lishment of the whole. The weight of the
engine and everything connected with it is 700
tons. The engine will be placed in the transept,
in the center of the hail, directly facing the
main Bide entrance. The building here is 70
feet from the floor to the top of the ventiletor,
thus giving ample hight for the working of the
engine. The gear fly wheel will connect, un
tderneath the floor, with the main thaft, which
will be 252 feet long and run cross-wise of the
building. The main belts, instead of being an
eye-sore and in the way, as is too often the
case, will pass through the hall in out of-the-way
places, and be enclosed in glass apartments
Siti feet in size, so as to make a proper exhibit
of the belts.
The boiler house is now being erected a
short distance from the transept and 36 feet
from the main building. In this there will be
.20 of the Corliss npright boilers, of 70,horse
power each, conneciing with the engines by
means of pipes underneath the floor '320 feet
Jong and 18 inches in diameter, of wrought
.iron double riveted.
Big Guns and their Cost.
Just at present there is a mania in Europe
'for the mauufaoture of enormous cannon. One
would tbink that several of the great nations
were trying ,to see which can bring out the
biggest rud. Wnen the English 81-ton piece
was successfully completed, it seemed likely to
hold the field tor some time without a rival;
but before three months have elapsed we And
-that Italy has ordered four 100-ton guns from
Sir William Armstrong, and that Krupp, in
Prussia, "has in hand" (figuratively speaking,
of course, thoush Kruno is a riant in a busi
ness way at least) a monster of 121 tons Of
course Jonn iiuil clues not mean to be outdone,
and it is announced in the English journals
that "the authorities at Woolwich are prepared
to commence a gun of 160 tons as soon as per
mission is granted."
The 81-ton gun has cost $75,000, and the
price named for the "Newcastle infants" of 100
tons for the Italian navy is 120,000 eaoh. We
have not seen it stated what the Krupp mon
ster is to cost, but it will probably be $150,000
or more.
The testing of these guns, to say nothing of
their use in actual service, adds not a little to
this enormous expenditure. Every time the
81-ton piece is fired, it blows $125 into the air,
240 pounds of powder and a projectile of 1,260
pounds being the charge in the first trials. In
some of these rounds, 250 pounds of powder
and a 1,465 pound shot were used. It is now
proposed to increase the bore of the gun from
15 inches to 16 inches, after which operation
the charge will be pioportionately augmented.
The Italian guns are to fire projectiles of
1,860 pounds each, while the Erupp cannon
will send u ball of 1,040 kilograms, or about
2,300 pounds, through the air; bow muoh pow
der is to be used in doing it we are unable, to
say. One gets, however, a new idea of the
power of gunpowder when he learns that a few
hundred pounds of it can propel a missile of
more than a ton's weight over a distanoe of
several miles. In the cane of the 81-ton gun,
the shot of 1,260 pounds left the muzzle with
a velocity of 1,400 feet a second, and a momen
tum that would carry it through 20 inches of
iron plating at a range of half a milo.
The Xhiilius, for whose armament the four
100-ton Armstrong guns are intended, is de
scribed as being the most powerful iron-plated
frigate ever yet devised. She is to be armored
with plates 19 inches in thickness, and moved
by engines of 7,000-horse power.
Iron Rust a Cause of Fires.
An English writer asserts that where oxide of
iron is placed in contact with timber, excluded
from the atmosphere, and aided by a slightly
increased temperatnre, the oxide partB with its
-oxygen, is converted into very finely divided
particles of metallio iron, having such an
affinity for oxygen that, when afterwards ex
posed to the aotionof the atmosphere from any
cause, oxygen is absorbed so rapidly that these
particles become suddenly red-hot, and, if in
sufficient quantity, will produce a temperature
far beyond the ignitible point of dry timber.
"Wherever iron pipes are employed for the cir
culation of any heated medium (whether hot
water, hot air, or steam), and these pipes are
allowed to become rusty, and are alto in close
contaot with timber, it is only necessary to sup
pose that under these circumstances the finely
divided particles of metallio iron become ex
posed to the action of the atmosphere '(and
this may occur from the mere expansion or
contraction of pipes), in order to account for
many of the fires which periodically take place
at the commencement of the winter season.
It a chemical lamp, with clean "wick, be
filled with a mixture of alcohol and glycerine,
in equal proportions, it will bora until the last
drop haa Men consumed, and with as useful
flame as if alcohol alone bad beam used. The
-wick must be carefully cleansed when the lamp
is laid aside; otherwise it will become clogged
and unfit tor um Engineering and Mining
Journal.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
JRA.TES OF1 PA.SSA.G0E.
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$SsThc Hates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
ding, Board and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is on each ship, and no, charge is made foj
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
A.nd Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
Tills Route offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, who will avoid the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious trip overland by rail,
THE STEAMEES OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW Y0BK WITH ALL THE TEANS-ATLANTIO LINES EE0M EUE0PE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg arid Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, fromSouthampton,
The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
And the General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
All information regarding Through Rates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom Through Passage Tickets can be purchased.
..J. ,,..T'
4 THE OFFICE OF THE PCIFIC-MAIL-STEAMSHrP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON THE WHARF,
PIEE" .42 NORTH RIVER, JOOT OF CAJSTAX, STRJEET.
Pelton's Six-Fold Horse Power.
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R, J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Grower of
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FLOWERS.
Shrubs,
SfON-?-U.e
ZxHsStSHaaBL-aaKl Y&tiWiV-SU-'
.Mu l Kto.,
SEEDS
or
Vegetables,
TIIEKS,
497 Sansome Street, San Francisco. t7"Dta rlptite Catal gum on application.
m IflllMliB! hi iIh.HIIi
oa. 887. 189 'and 881
i nurcaoo,
aUnsWa) atTMt,
M A BV aFs BLW
;tiie nuv IMPIIOVED
HOME SHUTTLE
Sewing Machine.
0PFLIO33, - - S43.00.
WE ALSO SELL
The Home Sewing Machine.
Tbeaa machine use a shuttle, straight needle,
and make the lx-k Stitch,
They are aurpsMU-d by none.
7Ay art (A simpUU and hjhtut-runniny ma
Mna in lit kwM.
Bend lor circulars,
Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns.
send foii a catalogue:
Royal Ciarta.'fl.oo;
E. W. lUIKES. Agent, IT New Montgomery
Street (Grand Hotel Uuildiug), Ban Francisco,
Having made now arrangements with Mr, McKonzlo, I am prepared to supply my powers to all persons
favoring me with their orders. All powers hereafter manufactured can only be obtained of me or my agents.
In futuro they will be made under my directions and upeciflcatlons, and nothing but a prime quality
Machinery Iron will be used in their manufacture.
I have greatly improved the application and bracing my Levers which will glvo them ample strength.
All powers fully warranted. For further information, Bend for Circulars and Price List to
Address,
Uv9-lam
S. PELTON, Patentee.
Salem. Oregon.
Flower $RP
I will send 12 Flowering Plants for One Dollar
yonrcnoice iroro lwson),py JIAIL UK KXriCKKN.
' MY ILLUSTRATED CATALOOUE,
I oribtherultiirtor Plants A Reeds,
I. K. BOrTDITCII, Olfi Warren at., Iloiten, Mus.
,20 FINE VERBENA8 FOR $1.
Any of the following ntmed planUientbymall,
prwueiialJ, at pjcuiYirach. Any three norU for
5S cent, or fiftd-n fnr li. Va oritur recclvil for
lets than IS ttnti HiclirlM Geranium Double
Zonule, Suiitol ttud lv), D-koqI&i. Cartiatlom,
PlDkf. CilceoUrem, liaAet fUnl, Aceratums,
Abulllon, Aiti)ratittiiii, Culeun G'tunai, Curbau
tbemuui, JJjnly .Phlux. Cuphca, f upatoreaint,
8teil.ii, Fotrttw. I.t-Uotrcrvi, TTettrooentruni,
LHjohtu. liAlieriila. Pile. MtuIIak. FV.ii Mo P-tuni
SoUrium t'upkoirurii( Veronkai ouu puckt t A
Itr, ilalftaiu. lMunta, Phlox auU Vertteua for 23
Cmt Hf I Uilil rail il I'ai&lniyiio -.f Now Plant.
Seetli for Wis, iml any two jjatkiU of the tuove
K'tuKmuiirei-vipioi .menu Auure
u a A&ujta W't Xaiw r.
&$li
rubllihed Quarterly. January Ki'mukk just
ishkJ, ancUoiitaiiu ovir 100 I'AUls.iOOI n,hain(,s,
jtcni'tious itt moro linn 500 of our Uil Flower
and Vegetables, wtih lireuium furCulture.GtLOKni
I'lati', etc lliciuoAt ut-ful untl cUunt work of
the kind in the w.,rl i Only 25 cents for tlic yea
I'ublihed in I nylnh ntl (Jrnr in
Addr' I A MLS V1CK, Rochester. N. Y.
$Qxmrr&
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fSTTBRYANT 4 STRATT0N JTR 1
BUSINESS COLLEGER
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