Willamette farmer., March 17, 1876, Page 2, Image 2

2
WILLAMKTTE FARMER.
r
1e Hope Circle.
To Thee.
Tbo fragrant morn, with dew; winrs,
Roe from the glowing eist;
The dud. night fled a'ross the world,
And all lie shadows ceased;
Each winking star, with mirthful eye,
Withdrew it glinting ray,
And the yellow moon turned pearly pale,
At the resurrected day.
The mist rolled up from off the aea
In volumes soft and grand,
And Balled in cirrous maeses free,
Far o'er the rerdant land.
Til sir was full of grateful songs,
Which fell upon the lar
Like Jojful melody which throngs
A vocal atmosphere.
With springing Btep mr willing feet
Forebore within to tay,
But gaily wandered forth to erect
The morning of the day.
The dew fltshed o'er the rich partem,
And nn the emerald sward;
And gleamed and sparkled everywhere
The diamonds of the Lord.
A joyful thrill passed through my heart,
Life seemed so fresh and fair,
And all things uttered, " Ood thou art,"
For nature was at prayer.
But looking up, sweet friend, I saw,
What fll i-d my soul with pain;
There stood my grand abutllon,
And swung Its bells of flame.
Its chalice held no sparkling dew;
Intent on things below,
It opened not Its heart to view
The heaven which graced it so.
And to lu royal discontent.
It swajed its golden bells.
But ever with their music blent,
A moaning sinks aud swells.
While at Its foot, the daisy's eye
LooltH up to heaven for biles.
And nightly from Ills glittering sky,
God sends a di wy kiss;
And thus it is, Ills precious grace
Falls free for every one;
Who opens wido his heart, receives
His dew, Ills rain. His sun.
T. '., in Rural rrtu.
Social Fallacies.
What n fallacious doctrine of good health 1b
that which leads a person to rise from bed and
plunge into ice water every morning, then
scrub all the skin off with a horse-hair brush
or a coarse board towel ; sit down to a break
fast of oatmeal sawdust; dine off a tablespoon
ful of wheat and two berries, and make a sup
per on catuip tea ; then be put through a Rus
sian bath of live hundred degrees ; sleep un
der an open window when the thermometer is
at zero ; wear long bair ; dress the women in
pantaloons ; make all our property over to
them ; then Kit down in the kitchen corner and
nunc the baby, and when it is asleep, help
wash up the tea things, and go to bed at nine
o'clock to be " out ot the way." What will be
come of us men ? Surely we have fallen on
evil timet. A bettor and truer mode of life is
to have plenty of everything that is good to eat
and drink, which imparts noiirihhnjout and
strength, and as much of it a yon waut. The
idea of getting up frt m tbo table hungry is un
natural, absurd, and hurtful quite as much so
as getting up in tbo morning before your steep
is out, on the mischievous principle that
"early to the makes a man healthy, wealthy,
and wise." Early lising. in civilized society,
always tends to shorten life. E irly rising of
itself never did nn body any good. Many a
farmer's boy has been made au invalid for life
by being made to get np at daylight, before
his sleep rvm out, alsny nyooopt-'girl has
been stuntod in body aud mind and constitu
tion by being made to get up before the system
has had its full rest. All who are growing, all
who work hard, and all weakly persons should
not get up uutil they feel as if they would be
very much more comfortable to get np than to
remain in bed ; that is the only true measure
of biifllcioncy of rest and slumber. Any one
who gets up in the morning feeling as if he
" would give anything iti tho world" to remain
in bed a while longer, does violenco to his own
nature, and will always suffer froni it not
immediately, it may be, but certainly in later
years, by the cumulative ill effects of the most
unwise practice. In any given case, the per
son who gets up in the morning before he is
fully rested, will lack just that much of the en
ergy requisite for the day's pursuit.
Tub Piiofits or Skwino; Machines. The
other day I rt ad of tho death of a man who
had made lllteeu millions of dollars out of a
patent in Hewing muohines. Sowing machines
that might be sold for $15 bring $C0 because
of tho pateut. Out of the toil of sewing wo.
men, out of their weary days and nights, this
man has accumulated this colossal fortune.
Well, Having made it, how much he might have
done with it 1 Here are such institutions as the
hospital for women and children, giving com
fort aud health to huudiods every year. A hun
dred thousand dollars givou to that would have
caused so many hearts to leap with joy ; would
have put it on a safe foundation ; paid its
debts ; giten it many free beds. Through all
time sick persona would have blessed his name.
He might have given it to such institutions as
the Young Meu'a Christian Union, saving
young men from the perils of city life, making
useful citizens out of those who might other
wise go to ruiu. He might have built a village
of cheap, comfortable homes for working peo
ple near all the great cities of the country. lie
inU'ht hava fouuded libraries, endowed col
leges, set up industrial institutions, and bad
the blessedness o( being a source of light, life,
peace, comfort to thousands. Instead of which
he married aud divorced five wives, wasted this
vast iucome on hia own liceutions pleasures,
lived the life of a brute, nnd died uulamented,
leaving bis money to his children, to make
them, very possibly, as bad as he was himself
lie was simply a fool, that was all. Instead
of being followed to the grave by the uratefnl
tears and blessings of thousauds, he dropped
stupidly, uulamented, iuto a fool's grave,
Clark.
Tuis world is not made for a tomb, but a gar
den. You are to be a seed, not a death. Plant
yourself, and you will sprout, Bury yourself
and you can only decay, cor a dead opportu
nity there is no resurrection, The ouly en
joyment, the only use to be attained in this
world, must be attained on the wing. Each
day brings its own happiness, its own benefits;
but it has none to spare. What escapes to-day
is esoaped forover. To-morrow has no over
flow to atone for the lost yesterdays.
Tuky have a queer way of quieting title to
laud lu dispute tn llludostan. two notes are
dug iu the contested premises, in eaoh of whioh
the lawyers on either aide put a leg, whioh re
mains there until one of them is tired, or com
plain ot beiug stung with luseota, in whioh
case his client is defeated. In this country it
is the client, not the lawyer, who "pats hia
iooi m ii.
New Idias in I'uimious. Faucy premiums
at Eaton county (Miobigan,) fair: To Miss
Kama Roto, (or the best sample of mending,
95. T-i Hit. Viola Halm, for the longest
hair (.three feet nine inches) , tS. To the
womau tlM leMtst without a new 'dreat, Uiaa
Fuller, 910. re the prettiest baby under
three yean ot age, Mrs. Bonier, 95.
The Sorrows of "Mourning."
Writing of reforms in mourning, a contrih
utor to tne Jiomt Journal says: To the poor
creature, racked in every nerve with mental
anguish, we forbid out-door exercise or the
distraction of society or of mental amusements.
By society we do not mean balls and parties
ine mourner that would crave such amuse
ments would be the being least in need of care
or attention. We would designate by that
term only the companionship of the congenial
few. Next, ne enjoin npon her, no matter how
heavy the tax upon a slender purse may be, a
complete discarding of her wardrobe. We bid
her busy her distracted brain with pelisses
and folds, with crape and bombazine. Over
the eyes, half blinded with long vigils and
burning tears, we bang a thick fold of ill-odored
and almost impenetrable crape. What matter
if her eyes be irreparably injured? To go with
out that veil would be to argue disrespect to the
be oved dead. Aud when we have made her
surroundings as gloomy as possible, we enjoin
upon her to busy her brain with a thousand
trivial detiils of the etiquette of mourning. Hav
ing thus done all that is possible to aggravate
the evils of her condition, we, that is, fashion
and etiquette may leave her to herself, to wear
away Der woe as best she may, in a bouse de
prived of air and light, stifled in ill-smelling,
dusky garments, and shut out from everything
that could bring the disturbed brain one mo
ment's relief from all-corroding thought. "If I
could only go the opera, "once said a lady who
was nearly driven mad by the loss of a favorite
child, "I might perhaps stop tuinking for a
moment. ii sue bad done so, ner long years
of maternal tenderness, her weeks of patient
watcling by the sufferer's bed, her paling
cheek aud whitening hair would have been set
as naught by a censorious world, and bh
would have been dubbed the most heartless of
mothers; and yet one would almost as soon
think of refusiog a criminal on the rack a
draft of water as denying to such a poor,
tortured soul any distraction that it craved.
But the laws of fashion and etiquette were in
frangible. Aud why is it that the Americans,
who possess as much common sense as any
nation on the face of the ulobo. seem lo have
so little in regard to this cruel and absurd cus
tom of mourning? Why is it that our social
laws prescribe a decree of woe and weariness to
the mourner unknown to unv other monln?
What necessary connection is there between
a breaking heart and much bombazine, a pair
of tear-blinded eyes and a blinding urape veil?
Will the common senso of American women
never come to the rescue?
Build up a Homestead.
The feeling that you are settled and fixed will
induce you to work to improve your farms, to
plant orchirds, to set out shade trees, to enclose
pastures, to b did comfortable" outhouses, and
each successive improvement is a bond to bind
you still closer to your homes. This will bring
contentment in the family. Your wives and
daughters will fall in love with tho country,
your Bons will lovelnme better than grog shops,
and prefer farming to measuring tape or pro
fusion il touting, and you will be happy in see
ing tha contented and cheerful faces of your
families. M ike your homo beautiful, conven
ient, and pleasant, aud your children will love
it above all other places; they will leave it with
regret, think of it with fondness, come back to
it joyfully, seek their chief happiness around
their botue fireside.
Women and children need more than meat.
bread, and raiment; more than acres nf. - cLU
cotton spread out Hit around tneui. TnetrloTal
lor tne beautiful must be satisfied. Their tastes
must be cultivated; their sensibilities humored,
not shocked. To accomplished this good end,
home must be made lovely, conveniences mul
tiplied, comforts provided, and cheerfulness
fosteied. Thete must be both sunshine and
shade, luscious fruits and fragrant flowers, as
well as corn and cotton. The mind and heart
as well as the fields must be cultivated; and
then intelligence and contentment will be the
rule instead of the exception. Stick to, im
prove, and beautify your homesteads, for with
this good work comes contentment. Ex.
Nil DEbFERANSUM. A man who acquires a
habit of giving way to depression is on the road
to ruin. When trouble comes upon him, in
stead of rousing his energies to oombat it, be
weakens, his judgment becomes obscured, and
he sinks in the slough of despair. And if any
body pulls him out by miiu force and places
him safe on solid ground, he stands there de
jected and discouraged, and is pretty sure to
waste me means oi nelp wulcn nave been given
him. How different it is with the man who
takes a cheery view of life even at its worst,
and faces every ill with unyielding pluck 1 He
may be swept away with an overwhelming
tide of misfortune, but he bravely struggles for
the shore, and is ever ready to make the most
of the help that may be given him. A cheerful,
hopeful, courageous disposition is an invalua
ble trait of character, and should be assidu
ously cultivated.
What Constitutes a Fabmeb. The follow
ing extract we clip from a very interesting ad
dress delivered by Major William J. Sykes, iu
Brownsville, Tenn.: "To be a perfect farmer,
a man should combine reading, observation
and practioe. A man may work in the fields
all his life aud he a pour farmer. We should
gain knowledge by reading and study, and also
by what we see around us, and then this knowl
edge must be put iuto practice. Our views, if
they will not stand the test of aotual experi
ments, are .worthless. All sound theory is
based upon praolice, and all sensible practice
is tbe result of well grounded information,
whether learned by our own observation, or
ftom the experience of others. That theory
which will not staud the test of experience is
worthless, and that practice which is not based
upon sonud theory is equally worthless,"
A Beadtt Society. Mr. George Dawson, in
a receut lecture at Birmingham, said: "The
office of a man's house was not ouly to give
shelter, food and meat, but also to sur
round his ohildren with those fair sights and
sounds by which the sense of beauty might be
developed. There were houses in that town in
which not a poem was read nor a song sung
throughout the year, and yet people wondered
why their children were vulgar. The beauty
ot towns was cue of the most neglected duties
and one of the moat deserving. If a town was
beautiful people took pride iu it. liked to live in
it, and were eorry to leave it. We need a new
society iu every town, to be called 'The Sooiety
for Promoting Beauty.' "
ENTKBrBtsc Now, here's enterprise for you t
A New Haven woman recently went abroad to
bring back tbe remaiua of her husband. She
is now on her way home with two husbands
one living and tbe other dead. It is thought
she will burr the dead one and keen the other.
And this is what we call "killing two birds with
one atone.-
Youno ladies oan now be aeen ollins the irate
hinges. They don't do it from any feeling of Tore
for the gate; they do it to prevent the hlogea
irom singing wnen use lamuy it wrapped in
lumber.
An observant old lady aays that "no other
living lung can go aa now aa a boy on an
errand,"
YdfQ Polks' CoLUpp.
Washing the Clothes.
This Is the way we wash the clothes:
Bee the dirt and smoke and clayl
Through and through the water flows.
Takes and drops them far away.
This la the way we Heach the clothes:
Lay them out upon the green;
Through and through the sunshine goes,
Makes them white as well as clean.
This Is the way we dry the clothes:
Hang them on the bushes about;
Through and throngh the soft wind blows,
Draws and drives the wetness out.
Water, snn, and windy air,
Make the clothes all clean and sweet;
Lay them now In lavender.
For the Sunday, folded neat.
Daniel Webster to His Son.
The following letter, written by Daniel Web
Bter to bis eon, should be read and re-rend by
every boy in the land. It was dated at Wash
ington, Jnne 23d, 1831:
My Deab Son: Fletcher wrote me from Exe
ter tbe next day after your arrival and informed
me that you had been so fortunate as to be re
ceived at Ool. Chadwick's, and was commenc
ing your studies. I am glad you are so well
siturted, and trust that you will make progress
in your studies. You are at a most important
period of life, my dear son, soon growing up to
oe a young man ana a ooy no longer, ana i leei
great anxiety for your success. I beseech you
to be attentive to all your duties and to fulfill
every obligation with cheerfulness and punctu
ality.' Above all remember your moral and re
ligious concerns. Be constant at chnrch and
prayer and every appointment for worship.
There can be no solid character and no true
happiness which are not founded on a Bense of
religious duty. Avoid all evil company and
every temptation, and consider that you have
now left your father.' a house and gone forth to
improve your own character and prepare your
mind for tbe part you are to act in life. All
that c iu be done for you by others will amount
to nothing unless you do much for yourself.
Cherish all the good counsel which your dear
mother used to give you. and let thoso of us
who are yet alive have the pleasure of seeing
yon come forward as one who gives promise of
virtue, usefulness aud distinction. I fervently
commend you to tbe blessing of j ourheavenly
Father. Your affectionate father,
Daniel Websteb.
The Magic of Silence.
You have often heard, my dear little readers,
" it takes two to n'ake a quarrel." Do you be
lieve it ? I'll tell you how one of my little
friends managed. Dolly never came to see
Marjorie that there was not a quarrel. Mar-
jorie tried to speak gently, but no matter how
hard she tried, Dolly final y made her so angry
that she soon would speak Bharp words too.
"Oh, what shall I do?" cried poor little Mar
jorie. " Suppose you try this plan," said her
mamma; "The next time Dolly comes in, seat
yourself in front of tbo fire and take the tooga
in your baud. Whenever a sharp word comes
from Dolly, gently snap the tongs without
lpiiklri,aa word.",. Soon aftorward In marched
j-oilj iu see uur luuo iriuuu, it wmn uui n
quarter of an hour before Dolly's temper was
ruffled, and her voice raised, and as usual she
began to find fault and scold. Marjorie fled to
the hearth and seized the tongs, snapping them
gently. More angry words' from Dolly. Snap
went the tsngs. More still. Snap. " Why
don't you speak?" screamed Dolly' in a fury.
Snap went the tongs. " Speak !" said she.
Snap was the only answer. " I'll never, never
come again, never !" cried Dolly. Away she
went. Did she keep her promise ? No, indeed.
She came the next day, but seeing Marjorie
run for the tongs, she solemnly said if she
would ouly let them alone, they would quarrel
no more forever and ever.
An "Awful "Story.
There was once an awful little girl who had
an awful way of saying "awful" to everything.
She lived in an awful house, in an awful street,
in an awful village, which was an awful distance
from every other awful place. She went to an
awful school, where she had au awful teacher,
who gave her awful lessons out of awful books.
Every day she was ro awful hungry that she
ate an awful amount of food, so tDat she looked
awful healthy. Her hat was awful small and
her feet were awful Urge. She went to an aw
ful cburcb, and her minister was an awful
preacher. When she took an awful walk
she climbed awful hills, and when she got aw
ful tired she sat dovn under an awful tree to
rest herself. In sumrjer she found the weather
awful hot, and in winter awful cold. When it
didn't rain there was an awful drouth, and
when the awful drouth was over there was an
awful rainl So that this awful girl was all the
time in an awful slate, aud if she doesn't get
over saying " awfal" about everything, I am
afraid she will by-aad-by come to an awful end.
UsEfllL JfJpOrfXION
Ediblt Birds' Nests.
Edible birds' jests are found for the most
part in the Southern Archipelago. The chief
region of supply is that comprising Java,
Borneo, Celebes land the Sula islands. Tbe
bird whioh produces the nest is a little swallow,
Hirundo tsculmlt. This Salangan swallow, as
it is called, is slightly bigger than a blue tit; it
has a brown back; but the nnaer suriace ot its
body, as also tu extremities of the feathers in
its forked tail, are white. It flies with wonder
ful speed and precision; and on the Java coast,
where the surge breiks wildly against the pre
cioitons and caternid walls of rock, the little
birds may be Beei in swarms darting hither
and thither throng! tbe spray. Tbey probably
feed on mollusksai 1 other small animals which
abound on those oasts. As you watch the
sutface of the wi er rising aud falling, you
notice bow the hoi i in the rock are now con
cealed, now open a ain; and the little creatures
watching their opportunity, dart in and out
with lightning spell. Their nesU are fixed to
the arched roof offhose caverns.
What sort of a ting then is the edible bird's
nest, that miuisteJ to the taste of tbe luxuri
ous Chinese. It is that portion of the fabrio
which serves at a fcrt of bracket on which the
nest itself (mad J of grass, seaweed, fibers,
small leave, eto) is built. There are two
forms of this sopjort, one flat like an oyster
shell, the other aep and spoon-shaped. It is
a transparent luaia, somewhat like isinglass,
mother-of-pearl o white horn, and is of animal
origin. It was hrmerly supposed that this
gelatin-like mass might be prepared in the
bird's crop, frotsj seaweed and other marine
plants. This, however, is a mistake. If one
opens the animal's stomach about tbe time of
building, it is found to contain insects, but no
vegetable matter; moreover, in all species of
the family of swifts, the crop is wanting. Dr.
Bernstein has found that at that Beason the
salivary glands under the tongue are enormously
developed. On opening the bill they are
seen as two large swellings, one on either side,
and these chiefly supply the materia) in ques
tion. They secrete a viscid muoous substance,
like a concentrated solution of gam nrabic,
which can be drawn out of the mouth in long
threads, and in the air it soon dries, and is
found to be tbe same (even microscopically) as
the bracket material.
When one of the little birds wishes to begin
building, it flies repeatedly against the selected
spot, pressing each time a little siliva against
the rock with tbe tip of its tongue. This it
will do from ten to twenty times, moving away
not more than a few yards in the intervals. It
then alights, and arranges tbe material in semi
circular or horse-shoe form on the rock, continu
ing to add saliva to that already deposited, and
by tbe motions of its body from side to side the
yet soft saliva is forced out over the hardor
parts, producing those peculiar undulatory
bands which give the nest a stratified appear
ance. It is thought not uulikely that part of
the secretion used by the bird comes from the
largely developed glands in its stomach; also.
that gelatinous matters picked up in the surge
are employed in the construction of its nest.
The Salangar never uses the same nest more
than once, and that lor only a month; and
after the yonug brood is flown the nest soon
decays and falls to pieces Chambers' Journal.
Aoe and Object of the Pybamids. M.A.
Dufew, member of the Egpytian Institute and
of the "Society of Historio Studies of Paris,"
claims to tasve made some very valuable dis
coveries relative to the age and object of the
four pyramids of Gizah, principally of tbe
great pyramid, containing chronologic and
hcientiflo data for establishing the date of their
construction, for determining the era of the
monarohy of the Pharaohs, and the degree of
knowledge displayed by the ancient Egyptians
in astronomy, geodesy, hydraulics, geography,
geology, and in regulating the inundations uf
the Nile for the benefit of their agriculture.
He has written a book about it, in which be
claims that the methods by whioh he has been
led to his discoveries are entirely new. Ac
cording to his view Menes ascended tbe throne
of Eg pt 5,041 years before Christ; tbe great
pyramid was founded 4,862 years before
Christ; all the pyramids were designed simply
as monuments of high science, and were tbe
work of priests of the idolatrous religion of the
Pharaohi-. The mystery of these awful monu
ments of the past has been penetrated and re
ported upon so often and fco differently, by dif
ferent students of tbe subject, that one cannot
help feeling as though fancy has as much to do
with the interpretation of the pyramids as sci
ence orjudgment. M. Dufew is sharply criti
cised by tome of his own countrymen, prob
ably with justice.
Extbactino Oil fhom Boses. The prooess
of extracting oil from roses, which is known as
the costly and delightful perfume attar of roses.
is very simple, it is carried on extensively
near Adrianople and the Kezanlik valley, iu
Roumelia. Three pounds of the flowers pro
duce but one pound of attar. The appliances
are a copper kettle endiug in a narrow neck, to
which a condensihg tube is affixed, and contain
ing about 250 pounds of water to 25 pounds of
rose leaves, xao nrst uiauimuuu pruuucea
rose water; this distilled a second timo yields
an essence on which the pure oil floats. This
is skimmed off in minute quantities and pre
served in tight bottles for sale. An average
production is 1,500 pounds in one season. The
flowers are picked from April to June. Very
little pure attar is to beprocured, the dealers in
this article, as in some others, pretending to
believing the pleasing fiction that consumers
would rather have the adulterated one.
Roman IbonFobnaceb. It is rather remarka
ble that Boman iron slags are always found on
the tops of hills, and never in a valley, where
water power could have been utilized to effect
a draft. Hence it is inferred that the Bomans
never used bellows, but that they employed
the natural draft of the wind in some
manner. The indications are that hol
lows or shafts were dug out in the hill top, to
which a long tunnel was driven from the side
of tho hill against which the prevailing wind
blew. Through this open passage-way to the
bottom of the furnace there would be a strong
draft, which could be utilized for blower pur
poses. It is evident such a process must have
been very inefficient, and attended with great
loss of iron, which must have been left in the
slag. Similar furnaces were used in Derby
shire, England, as late as the 17th century,
probably handed down from the Bomans.
How to Oil a Mill Spindle. Professor
Norvel Hoge, of Greene county, Pa., suggests
tne following metnoa ot oiling a mill spindle,
whioh may be of value to some of our readers.
He says: "Bore a hole of suitable size diag
onally through the follower, (if madeofwood,)
from tbe outside bottom corner to tbe inside
top corner, into which insert a piece of lead or
tin tube, fitting neatly, trim the upper end to
fit the spindle, then prepare another similar
tube that will fit nicely inside the first, provide
a piston to fit the inner tube, inserting the
piston into the lower end of this inner tube,
fill it with oil, after which introduce it into tbe
tube in bush follower from the under side. To
oil the spindle as occasion miy require, press
tbe piston upwards, and when the oil is ex
hausted, take out and refill the inner' tube."
Ibon is the symbol of civilization; gold rep
resents wealth. The value of the former in the
arts ean be measured only by the progress of
the present age. In its adaptations and em
1 ployments, it has kept pace with scientific dis
coveries and improvements. Hence the use of
iron indicates tbe advancement of nations.
Iron is worth more to the world than all other
metals combined. We could dispense with
gold it ministers largely to luxury and refine
ment but iron represents the honest industry
of labor. Its use is universal. There is no
"California" of iron; it is found in great
abnndance in every nation on the earth. From
this fact we discover how indispensable the
ureator deemed this metal to tbe education
and development of man. Ex.
The Bluish Gbken Bbonzes used for orna
mental articles are very easily imitated. Al
most any metal ia first covered with a varnish
made ot ground tin or bronze powder rubbed
up with honey in gum water. Then wash with
a mixture composed of sal smmoniao half
ounoe, common salt, naif ounce, and one ounce
of spirit of hartshorn in one pint of vinegar.
After applying the mixture, leave for a day or
two in the sun, and then, if necessary, add a
second coat. This is a good way to renovate
old gas fixtures.
A Monster Boileb. The largest soap boiler
in the world, probably, may be seen at Babbitt's
soap works, corner ot West and Washington
street, New York. It is made of wrought iron,
and will hold 1,200,000 pounds of soap. It was
built in 1873, and la constructed of wrought
iron. It extends from the ground floor of the
building np through five stories, and is quite a
curiosity in it line.
Domestic Ecof,orY'
Useful Recipes.
Yeast that will Keep Two Months.
Pare three or four medium sized potatoes
and boil till perfectly soft; boil a handful of
hops in a separate dish. Mash the potatoes,
strain the hop water, and put in with a large
tablespoonful of salt, and two tablespoonfuls
of sugar. When nearly cold add half a cup of
bome-m,ade yeast or two .tablespoonfuls of
brewers' yeast. Put in bottles or a stone jar,
and set in a cool place. Half a cup will raise
a large loaf.
Graham Pancakes.
One pint of sour milk, one teaspoonful of
soda, one teaspoonful of salt; thicken with
Graham flour. Let the batter stand 20 or 30
minutes before baking.
Another very good way is to mix a batter at
night, with warm water and yeast, the same as
for buckwheat, and in the morning it will be
light and ready to bake.
Pumpkin or Squash Pudding.
Prepare the same as for pies, and bake in a
pudding dish without crust. A good recipe is
the following: Onecup of stewed pumpkins or
squash, one quart of milk, three eggs, a little
salt, sugar to sweeten to taste ; flavor with ginger
nutmeg or cinnamon; put iu a pudding dish)
and bake about an hour in a hot oven.
Rice Pudding.
One cup of boiled rice, three pints of sweet
milk, three eggs, one cup of sugar; flavor with
nutmeg or lemon, and bake from half an hour
to an hour.
Indian Meal Pudding.
Scald three pints of sweet milk, and thisken
with two-thirds of a cup of corn meal; when
nearly cold add three eggs, two-thirds cup of
molasses or sugar, one teaspoonful of e tit;
navor to taste; u wisneu, ana a piece ot butter
the size of a hickory nut. Bike slowly from
an hour and a half to two hours. Serve hot,
with or without saune.
Sponge Cake.
Three eggs beaten very light, one and a half
cups of sugar, tno cups of flour, one half cup
of cold water, half teaspoon of soda, one tea
spoon of cream tartar, half teaspoon of salt;
flavor w.th lemon.
Ginger Cake Without Eggs.
One-half oup of sour milk, ban onp of sour
cream, one snail teaspoon of soda, one good
teaspoon of salt, two-thirds eup of molasses,
one good teaspoon of ginger; or, take one cup
of sour milk, and instead of cream a piece of
butter tbe size of an egg. L.
Choice of Milk.
Cow's milk differs greatly in quality, some
being rich and other thin and watery. In
choosing a family cow it is well to bear this in
mind, and to select only those that are healthy
and give tbe very best milk. Tbey sbould also
be fed on the best of food, aud allowed pure
soft water to drink. The practice of feeding
cows on garbage, swill slops, distillery feed,
and keeping them confined in close, filthy, un
ventilated stables, is one which seriously dete
riorates (be milk, and should ever be avoided.
Those who live in cities cannot of course keep
cows, so they must depend on the market for
their supply of milk. In such cases insist ou
having the best article, and refuse to use that
from distillery-fed cows, or that diluted with
water. A little attention to this snbiect will
enable any one to secure a good article. It is
the laxity of purchasers of food in not demand
ing the best that makes it so easy for the dealer
to palm off adulterated and inferior articles
upon thoughtless people. If the poor would
do this, it would improve their own and their
children's health wonderfully. The milk sup
ply of a city has a great deal of influence for
good or evil on tbe health of the children. In
England this question is getting to be a very
important one. The Food Journal says that
"perhaps the most serious and destructive
change in the nutrition of the poor is their al
most total privation of milk. Infantile sick
ness and mortality depend largely on this
want." There the occupation of mothers in
factories and workshops deprives many thou
sands of infants of their natural food breast
milk.
Obanoe Cake. One cup of powered sugar,
half cup of butter, three eggs, two cups of flour,
half oup of Hweet milk, half teaspoonful of
soda, one teaspoonful cream of tattar. Bub
the sue ir and butter together to a cream, beat
the yolks and whites of the eggs separately.
Bakein jelly tins. Squeeze the juice and grate
the rind of one orange, and powdered sugar
enough to make it stiff enough so that you
can spread it between the layers of cake; also
add the whits of one egg beaten to a stiff froth.
This will generally make enough to spread be
tween the four layers of cake and over the top.
Sponge Cake. Six eggs; the weight of six
eggs in sugar, and the weight of four in flour,
with a lemon extraot, or a little grated lemon
peel; a little salt, and a spoonful of baking
powder.
Eye Bbead is made like wheat, with one ex
ceptionthe loaves are made quite soft. As
little flour as possible is used in molding.
Tbe Cost of BtisiNa Cotton in Geoboia.
Col. D. H. Hardaway, a planter of Thomas
county, Ga., who keeps an account of his
planting operations, has been investigating the
question of the cost'of raising cotton, and gives
tne following as the result for a series of seven
years, commencing with 1866 and ending with
1872: "It gives me pleasure to promptly an
swer your questions as to the cost to raise cot
ton. I give the o st per cwt for seven years, to
wit: 1866. $14.50; 1867, $12.50; 1868, $12 25;
1869. $10.90; 1870, S8.60; 1871, $13.61; 1872,
$10.77. The average is $11 88. This includes
interest on land, repairs, interest on team,
taxes, value of fertilizers, labor of cultivating,
picking and packing, but nothing added for
personal supevision. The latter would be hard
to estimate. This year's crop has not been
marketed, but will not exceed ten ccn's."
Methods for hardening glass are now one of
the favorite studies ot inventors. Mr. Macin
tosh, of London, finds that by enolosing fused
or pasty glass in platinum molds of the desired
shape and then suddenly cooling it by any
frigorifio mixture, the glass becomes exceed
ingly hard. Glass can be made harder than
tbe diamond, and its powder be nsed instead
of emery powder or diamond dust. Artificial
gems ot the proper hardness and of adamantine
luster can be made.
Philosophical. A philosopher being asked
what was the first thing necessary toward win
ning the love of a woman, answered, "an op
portunity." Somk men are as grateful for kind deeds
the sea is when you fling into it a cud
water. r
as
of
Fob what port is a man teuerally bound
during courtship? Bound to Havre (have
her). v