g, tjwifc ftfspysy jt) -vf - -v
$3.00 per Year.
Vot the TVlllaroetio J-armor.
Cn Mixed Farming.
In your number of Fob. 411), some of
your correspondents wish to le inform
ed if mixed farming, or raisings vari
ety of crops, could bo made retirtmeru
tive. Tills questional am aware, re
quires enreful study, practice, tul ob
servation, and no system of theory far
ming can rcai'h it. II will say first that
in all locations atulim-dities of soil, all
varieties of grain are not "adapted;
henee-will not be remunerative; forin-.statn-e,
if the land is low or on the wet
order, wheat will not fill where oats
would make a heavier crop. Then,
again, on dry gravelly land Client does
well, and oat urd barley would be
scarcely half a crop. Itighl here let
mossy it requires a thorough, practi
cal farmer to. be a competent judge of
what is best adapted to put on the dif
ferent soils, and .ir: ike the farmer the
most clear profit 'P'jr acre. Hut again,
thort are wills that are well adapted for
nil -varieties of ,. 'grain, mitt that is a
rich, deep, dry, rather sandy black
soil. Such a Mill-will bring nearly nil
ciiinl equivalent. For instance, vc
may look back for the las.t fifteen-years,
we:f:iid that cats mid barley have beeiii
sis'ircniunerati vein whe.it. The samu
with corn, it being one dollar per bush-
Hiill the time, isyiTl 01V llie-:ollji.lrte-
t-cribc almVe, I can safely raise from
thirty to forty bushels per acre, which
would pay better than either wheat or
oatx. Again, let us examine the price
nf the different kind-, of grain for the
last fen years in Lane county. The av-,
erage price for oits has been about fifty
tiveicents jier bushel, barley about six
ty two. wheat seventy five, so in tak
ing the average price per bu-hel, and
the .. vertigo yield per acre, 1 consider
tho .profit from all nearly espial, but at
the present time there is more call for
oats .than any other kind of grain, sell
ing now for seventy five cents per bush
el, and wheat about seventy one, so I
consider a clear profit of five dollars
per acre was made last year by raising
oats. The writer has always advocat
ed a mixed farming, hence at the pres
ent time have a quantity of oats for
sale, so we seo it is nol best to raise
wheal ..alone, and neglect other varie
ties, which has been nearly done for the
last two years. Again oats are the best
feed for horses, therefore .we should
raise u .plenty for that purpose and have
some to sell. Barley, corn and pota
toes can till be raised and made as pro
fitable to. fatten hogs. At the present
time I find in Eugene beans selling at
Jive and nix cents per pound, potatoes
at one dollar per bu.-hel, onions, etc., at
k good price. And some of these are
not raised here, but are shipped from
California. This is wrong. Here,
again, coiue- the practical knowledge
of kiiDwJiitfiiJue right quality of soli to
raise them u th.it will make them as
treuuiueratlve to the farmer as other
productions, in the fanners that .kve
.Away from the, river bottoms, out mi
the good, dry .sulls in .the Willamette
valley. It will not pay them as well to
raise those articles as it will to raij
wheat, oats and barley. J lence, should
not raise any more than they want for
their own use. Hut there is a class of
former? In Oregon that .should raisoall
l lies ailicle.-, and they urn living on
.soil? (that are exactly adapted to the-e
articles tt ml will jwy thttti lietter to
raise, thuir either wlieatoroat;'. These
farinewarc-llvlngon the river bottoms.
,:?uch hi the Columbia, Willamette und
all the ftinall streams emptying into
these. The soil being 'ery ricii, deep,
mellow and consider ible sandy, which
unites ir Imld vuoNturusomuch better
Lthun the dry uplands during our dry
wmmern. Hence, ooiug wen unapieu
for all kinds of vgotables they should
raise a large aurp.'u1, and at onco put a
'op to Importation of aiyof thesa ar
ticles into our state, which would save
a vast amount of mciey. and I vo no
doubt hut they woulu' rocelvo as much
3ftt for the capital ! out as auy
A Four-Page Supplement With the
otherclass of farmers in Oregon. Xott,
Mr. Editor, I am in favor of a mixed
running, whenever the quality of soil
will admit of it. lint, let ine say in
conclusion, to every farmer in Oregon,
that, t'l be more successful, Jie must
lnarn by experience to be a competent
judge of the soil he cultivates, and
know what it is best adapted for, and
raise only tko productions that will be
most remunerative.
Gi:nr.ni: Hklsiiaw.
Eugene City, Feb. i!, 187(5.
Mixed Farming.
Ed. Far si eh: I see in the Fob. 4th
number of your piper,a communication
over the signature ofJohn J. Cook.ask
ing what variety of crop-! can be rais
ed on the farm that would make mixed
farming pay. Now here is a question
of great'importanco to farmers ol this
ivalloy, and I wish I were able to nil
nwer it as it ought to be answereli. It"
wo are really reduced to wheat and
oats as the only paying crop that can
lio produced in this valley, then indeed
we are obliged to operate in a very nar
row track; but, Mr. Editor, 1 am in
clined to think better things of the
future prospects of Oregon fanners.
'I have heard it said ever since 2 first
began farming, which wa-i about twen-
2TA vmin turn, rlinr hi-v V!iM ihn fnrfrhi.t
-tl .----- -, ---.. - ... ' ..w -.. a........
from market who had nothing -to sell.
nnl there Jamie tKing vjas ULWsLvejwlun.ttrML-4rvVeita"tefWten
would do well toHioFnftinjrdraiKtthafTOons'eetf t'VSn, ,Hmslbt: It afier nW
jiis that.thero is a home market as well
as a foreign one, to bo supplied; a fact
which is very apt to be overlooked, and
tho consequence is tint very. often the
common necessaries of life become
warce and sell high, and sometimes
the verythings that farmers can raise
She easiest are tho mo4 scarce. Why '.'
Because they tire overlooked in the
tendency to run eagerly after special
ties. Now a thorough system of mixed
farming -will correct all this. For in
stance, if the farmer raises wiieat, oats,
beans, barley, and corn, in places where
that crop can be grown, also hay, pota
toes, apples, pears, peaches, plums, and
imrk, mutton, and wool, butter, and
"gs, 'y these crops he can Use all his
land both pasture and field, to good ad
vantage, and supply home with almost
everything needed in tho eatable line.
When grain has a good price, sell it;
but when it gets so low that the farmer
loses money if lie takes the price offer
ed, and pork and bacon sell well, turn
as much of it into pork and bacon as he
can, and sell that. In short, when grain,
fruit, and vegetables are too low to pay,
convert them into anything else that
you can that offers a paying price.
While vou make some one crop your
principal one, have a surulus of all
the-e other crop?, .so that when your
neighbor come? lo you and asks if you
have tills or that, to soil, you can bo en
abled to siy, yes I have it, how much
do you w.mt ".' L. B. Jui.sojf.
Marion County, March -Mi, 1870.
II, II. Uii.riiv'H I.LOiUKt:. On Saturday
eeniuu; Hon. H. II, Uillry of Silem deliver
ed at the H iplUt tUniroli the loiirth lecture
of the Idtirary rsmise, IiuvIiik for ilia subject,
'ri.e loiubi of Hurled Citi-.-." Tfo bullae
was well Ulled ith an attentive and appre-
iiihuvm aiulieuce. Mr, Ulfr'n lec.tire w-ih
ilecidndly the nest of iliennur-e, and one ol
the min-t interthtin' w e have ever li-"tenod to.
I'ne Mibjaei is h prvlit!" one and the Itc'ure
.sl.oued an ex eni-ive research into its inyi-to-nous
depths by a mind CdpiibU, of contpro
neudii(c it Itnrunam-u. He Mrried his
nearer- lo the ruins t.f ihe ono UHKnllioent
lilb?ff itie old worht ind extiuiiioil Irom the
bnrnd I etm many iniens'Iu faein, and
aIioaIhc that thi-reareriiiiiheren in Ameriot
that m-ty xuine day ol)r up hidden treasures
to throw light, upon lis earliest history. This
us, we lwllive. Mr. Udlrv'a tirut atteraDt
iu the lecture field and he actuated himself
nun creuii. l'.uyene unnru.
Ev?ArKi. Three prUont-rM coi.lined Iu the
MulUiuuiah county Jail nude their ehcaeoo
MomUv evening, by dlaini; a hole through
toe rouiiuaiion wan. tnetriiama are ran
iii.l.Sbeparda'on, Frank Walunn and William
Utirke. Shepardion is on" of tho man arrest
ed b'r ttu uiall robbery fur which Tbouip
kliif, JJramlette andivhera arrt now sorvioK
h I'Sb Ki'ints3 Iu toe Penitentiary, and It lw
P'o'ulde a hut;9 reward will be otTared for
hti rtckp tu re,
JiQiM Fudge, wille croMini; tbe Touchet
new WtlUl'irg, but week, hd hU team en
Uugled, ad before b- coild extricate tbem,
botu Uqt.'s, t!u at J500 mm drowued.
T3ir &(bi
SALEM, OREGON, MARCH
Taxes.
Editor Faimiiui: Taxation Is a subject
thalitiMrcM.s us nil, and at nearly all bae
had their Kay, In rpard lo It, J mi will pleas-e
pardon me loriiov having mine; tud It' my
lenro of any accote-it, you aro welcome
to OiPiu, ami it they urn not, you are welcome
lo iIumii anyhow.
In the first nl.ica f consider oir eyslem of
ost-H.-winpfiiropony a m-jro farce. Not but
what our Assessors areas competent, and
elllciunt, hh can bo 'found, but ousto'in has
made Uio nvmkoi, or procure loo MrouK for
our Awse-sor, and ptn-baps all combined to
ruinody it.
The law Is Tory rxplli'lt, tlmt properly
shvll be nHessed at ii h:Iim1 cash value
Tint N pUIn onoupli sitnple epouh nnd
jul iinoiiKh tor anybody. To nsesH, tneaiiM
ifnipprnNe to lis the valuo of anything.
And to appral-p, or Ok the valueof imythlnt;,
I cnnsidri- li indlspoiiHdbly neces-arj' that
the Assosvor niuil iea the projorty, whether
real, or pergonal.
The cutom of owr Assessor, la about an
lollops: They start out on Ibrlr round of
du'y, and to every taxpayer they meet,
whether at home or tdiroad, they propound
ipimtiotiM similar to the f.dlowint': How
taittih land do you own, Hint how much of It
Wpnilrin? How maty hornen? and are Ihey
AineriiMti? and how -niueti are they worth?
How mauy rows? are they American? and
how amch are theiy worth. And ao on to
the end of tho chanter. They don'tseootie
hundredth part of tho personal property,
llllt raklt rim nH'llflr'w wnrd-fnr O In nuirltr
nr inllew away, -ind oven If ihey ito we it,
lake no notice of its liuproveinentN in the
ivay ofballdintr", f'enset', dltohew, or whether
it Is in a hfuh hUte of O'lltivatlon'or not, but
aesess prairie, at po much pel acre, and brush
land as mune oMitr prkte.
Spiff Mr. Kdiror, it is, nbslou to any one
who has traveled much, that iiro firms may
aii.jiln each o'lier, of tLo uno number of
acres, of equal amount -of prairie, aud yet
one farm will oell lor twica ah much an tho
other, simply bee uise it -Is worth twice as
ruuoh, because of its coudl'l.m.. 1 under
NtRiid the cuHlom is, to HKfis real estate at
about, one liaf tin actual wish value, hut as
fr as I have observe!, they Unn'i osiesa at
over one third, und iu many Instances, not
ovtirono Jourtli, its bcUmI-chhIi value. In
Oregon, we hirluu-ly fee1, aud tee, the effecta
of too Juro laniiH, cf-uiilnp eparsohoale
msuts, J't-w, small, pvoily attended alioolf,
jKior roads, iV" , Ao.
Nov, Mr. IClltor, my plan .for a partial
remedy of this evil Is, j-.M- mc thk uw.
.Vsoh property at it lu-tnal ecuL value, and
then, if Mime of our laod monopjljats are
not willlii!; and arixmus li Mill cono OT their
real estito, and rndu''i tuiir uu uib.tr of acroa,
and let in the mm, civilize Ion, and. Improve- j
uieuts, l nhall be very uiiih mlHlakdu. And
a?- J remarked at the beginning, tl'iat our
wlioli wyswun o assesslaij nrfipsriy Is a
farce, anil might j.iat aavelf b'4l'peiited
wirti ciulioly. li cyry niu tnintuhiosu
property nd vwear tfrttii i orMucu, und an
union prupei'y would bt leiuruwl, aa at
prtwiuf, aad thereby' tuve u Snfildert bla
oipenne. l.ASO iWM:H.
Mara n Co., March, ISTrt.i
From Uraatit3.
Pijviilwo.v, On), m'mV, '70
Unirm Ka m'.h: I am, t . believer in
plnt'.i.dikDi, aud, on toe' co- 'HiystrTinost
emphatically n dla Iwlinvnr; jut I lo-niht
wj ne.saea h pBriorinaiiir r you yr truly
wouderlul, and bounjlhlu; hlch I cannot
account fur: A young ium,( bnM 'lUlue I
will omit at present, waa iliu'j rfurmer) you
could blindfold him, and th hfd'ouie
thing, or even think ot aomet lug-, and then
take hold of hU hnud, aud b( voulj go aud
UuJ it. He dooa noC knew ,w) t b4 htiut
Ingfor until ho llnds it, 1; i will do the
mmu thiiij: with any peraoi j . II thai I re
quired of tbe persou hidinxtbi article, U to
keep his mind on that oe hlpif, ail the
time. '
This power Is something shk i be baa but
lately discovered, and be da n it praUnd to
kiiov what it la. He aaya hat. Juat a anon
aa tbe person takes hold of t it, ud, ka feel
aa though aouietblng wa pttlif ; bla band,
and he follows It.
In tola cane I kuowr It waaii htiabua;, aa I
taated him myself. While t operator was
ab,ont from the room I bUI i Irad'i dollar In
another person's boot, aal vrbun lb per
former came Iu I took bold of bla wriat and,
to my utter suu lab meat la HHt riabt
dowu ibe fellow' boo: after I'
Tbla W aomethloa: we csan t sndaraland.
and we would Ilk to bvt aaane mm ha
eoMt'axplalntouir t , X.
Farmer this Week
i fa&Blmm-l) a V
17, 1S7G.
Froliitlii! Western Farm Journal, Dca Mohio, Iowa.
A CHRONIC DI80RGAKIZER.
When Kx-Secretnry Oarretson hid
adieu to Iowa, koIiik to Oregon, us he
Mid, to recuperate his shattered liealth,
we sincerely wished him well, and ex-rei-ed
the wish that he would, in that
favored climate, be restored to full
physical vigor. We had no reason to
hopo for useful work from him, in the
Order, but we did hope that he would
at least remain so far quiet, and profit
by pint experiences, wherein he hail
nhown great liability to commit errors,
ar to remain, in a degree, passive anil
harmless.
But now comes the Wii.i.ami.ttt.
1'AHMimof Dec. U1, with nearly two
columns of correspondence, touching
his movements in his old role of "Organ
Maker." The Wili.ami:tti: Kaumkk
is tin old established paper in high
standing, anil has, from tho beginn
ing, been a faithful and elllcient worker
in the cause, of the Order of Patrons.
The correspondence referred to is
made up, first, of a long drawn out cir
cular sent out by Garretson to leading
members of the Order in Oregon,
couched in the same terms as were the
circulars sent out from his oflicij here,
when the idea of publishing another
jiu per was conceived, only he applies
the lash a little more freely than he did
then. A copy of this circular sent to
John Miutn, a leading member of the
Order, in Oregon, is published iu full
iu the WitjjAMirm: Fakmki:, togeth
er with the reply of Brother Minto.
This reply contains some whole-onm
advice to X. w. Q. very applicable to
rraowti is ubnlft Srr-rtTOntftSgtelrr
Oregon. The following are twitd the.
poim.s mane ov uromor iunuo: i.st,
"that tho Order does not need 'the
paper which N. W. (i. proposes to, place
before them." 2d, "that to encourage
a strife fur the patronage of the Order
in that direction, is a sure road to di
vision rather than unity."
This reply brings out the fact that
the paper which X. W. (3. propo-e.s to
edit is owned by lirowu tv Stewart. pub
lishers of the Sfatc'it Jiijhl,. fictiwrttt,
3lr. Brown being State' Printer.
Brother Minto further savs: "And
here penult me a few remit ''k upon
the wonls l have Italiciseil in your cir
cular. J rea I a crack of the whip be
tween the lines there to which I, and
the generality of old Oregoiiiiuis, uiv
unused. Putting the best construction
uon your language, f do not think the
measure oi tny devotion to the ngnciil
tuial inteiests, to which I have devoted
thirty-one years of my life iu Oiegon,
is to bo gauged by the alacrity 1 may
hhow to co-operate with you."
Tho Order in Oregon is fortunate iu
having a man occupying a Ki-itioii of
influence, ready to meet so bold an ad
venturer as X. V. Oiirrefsnn, and It N
apparent that his Itching to inflict a
newspaper upon the Order In Oregon,
win meet its just reward.
Tho Wcxtem tftrm Journal, from
which tho above was taken, is the old
established farmers' paper of Jowa,
and ono of tho official Orange papers
of that State. It is ono of the largest
and most ably conducted of Western
agricultural papers, and from which
we take more matter than from almost
any other for republication in the
V i Mi a m i:tti: I-'a km in:.
Australian Wheat.
Xoktii Y.XMiiiM,, March (!, 1S70.
Kiinoit Fa km i:k : In your last issue
I have read with much interest the cor
respondence hut ween Mr. .J. (Jaston
and Mr. George Bclslmw, touching dif
fei'ent variolic of wheal. In (ho re
ply of the latter I understand him to
say that the Chile Club and tho wheat
extensively raised in this country, and
known as Australian or White Austra
lian, aro one and the samu wheat. In
this I can assure Mr. Belshaw that ho
Is mistaken. In this county there aro
many kinds of Club wheat that exist
In name. I can call to mind the Little
Club, Big Club, Chile, and Australian
Club, Full, and Spring Club, and also
what now appears to be two varieties
of the Australian which 1 would not
consider properly a Club wheat at all.
How many of these exist in reality I
am not able to ay, but my personal ob
servation enablos me to speak only of
the three varieties, tho common Lltt'e
Volume VIII. Number a.
Club, the Cliilo Club, and the white
Australian.
On the farm of Hon. Leo Laughlin,
near Xorth Yamhill, I saw last seasou
these three varieties growing sido by
side, and assisted to harvest tho Held
when ripe. Thero was a very marked
difference, not only In the growth of
the different varieties, but also in the
appearance of the grain after thresh
ing; especially was the latter tho case,
on comparing tho Australian with eith
er of the Club varieties. There is but
slight difference between the grain of
tho Littlo and Chile Clubs, tho latter
being rather whiter nod a Utile larger
grained, but when growing green the
difference is.vory marked; tho Little
having a very deep green color,, while
the Chile has about tho color of grow
ing oats: a palo gieen. Any person
would readily have pronounced the
two pieces wheat and oats respectively.
The two ripen about the same, ami
there is but slight difference in the
heads when ripe; the Chile being a lit
tle tho largest. I could not state as to
tho yield, but am of the opinion tint
the (inference iu tills respect was little
if any. Of tho Australian wheat, as 1
said before, there appears to lie two
kinds; but lam of tho belief that they
have been one and the same wheat,
the difference, which Is ijulto percopU-Lble-liolnir
onlv.the result of illflereut
ir eul t i viiTioii. JjTTtli nr.Vo)el1.yffilf!ltR-f.'
varieties. The one w;C introduced into,
this county by H. K. Stewart, of Xorth
Yamhill, and purchased of Mr. O.
Dickinson, of Salem. After the flr-l
year this wheat was sown in the fall
which improved the appearance of the
wheat. Since then, it has been sown
both as till and spring wheat; but gen
erally seed bus been saved from that
sown in the fall. Tho head isnuuh
longer and larger than any Club head
I ever saw, and though very closely
filled, has but little of the Club appear
ance. Ihe grain is alo larger man
that of any Club J have seen. The
straw is not at all like that of the Club,
and N ipnto soft and inclined to straw-
tall if left standing after it Is ripe. The
grain or this wheat Is largo, white, and
plump; much tuoro so than the origin
al, which I belio vo to be in part the
result of becoming uccliiiritcd, and
more, the result of fall sowing. The
other kind, us I will callltfortho
purpose of designating it, was intro
duced by Mr. Thomas Owens, in the
vicinity of McMlnuvillc, and as I have
understood alsocamo from Mr. Dickin
son. This t-'oed has been conllned al
most entirely to spring sowing, and has
not quite so fine appearance either iu
the head or grain as tho other, though
I think perhaps tho samo treatment
would soon bring it to tho samo stand
ard. This wheat yields well, sown In
tho fall; but does not stand Iree.ing as
the old white or the Ihirton wheat as It
Is called here. In Ifi'l, B. K, Stewart
raised fifty bushels to the acre from ten
acres. Last year nearly all that was
sown frozo out badly and was re-eeded
in tho spring. Howuver on tho place
or Mr. T. 0. Davis was eighty acres of
it, so badly frozen that It was not count
ed on for u crop that would only in till
probability scarcely pay for harvesting,
yet it yielded over twenty-seven bush
els per acre. This, I think, was of the
Owens seed.
1 have .written much more at length
than 1 had thought to do when I began
this, and will not write further at tills
time. I). C. Stkwakt.
A letter from WaiUburir, W. T., lo tbe
Sjmit, hay: "Flax ia not beitiK uulttva ed
to me eiteut that it waa laat year, nwiutt to
the fact that it proved an unprofitable ci op.
The need liureua.ire furiiu-ned by me oil mill
men has been vary foul, and it la a pinllou
whether or not the cultivation ol tUx In this
part of the country haa not, on the whole,
proven a detriment to the country. With It
any quantity of pernicious filth and weed,
auob aa cockle, California mustard and the
Ilka hart baea Utrodoead,"
t
4 v,