Willamette farmer., March 03, 1876, Page 3, Image 3

AMEsSiSS HS55H'
"Jis-j gw t -
WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Domestic Ecof,ofy-
(Cooking Potatoes.
1 "She cinnot even cook potatoes," is an ex
pression I have beard more than once. And
it is true o( altogether too many attempting
to keep house. They being such a '.'stand by"
as "something to eat in the house," it certainly
is worth while to know how to prepare, cook
and serve them the year through.
GrowiDg potatoes should be cooked the
same day they are dug ; though they will
keep a few days if the crevices between them
are kept filled with moist earth. The quickest
way to get the skin off is to put them in a pail
or othfr deep vessel with bits of brick or stone,
and water enough to just cover all, and stirred
briskly with a rough stick. The fire must be
attended to 'before the potatoes are put over it.
If any fresh fuel is to be added, then is the
time, for it is so apt to check the heat and so
spoil the potatoes. They mu-t not stop oookin.
until taken off. They are best steamed, pro
vided the steamer fits half way into the kettle.
If the steamer fits just on top, it is hard to gt-t
sufficient heat to make them good. Tbey can
be put into boiling water and boiled, if the wa
ter is all poured off as soon as the potatoes are
done, and the kettle pnt back on the stove with
the cover off and allowed to dry. As eoon-as
done, either from boiling or steaming, they
should be partially pried open with a lork, so
the steam from the inside can escape, then
placed in a dish, and hot gravy poured over
them. If the vegetable dishes have covers, get
one especially for potatoes without a cover, else
leave off what you have, for they mns-t not be
allowed to steam themselves after they are
cooked. If there is no other nice gravy, one
can be made of a lump of butter the size of an
eeg, heated, and a teacup of milk. This will
be sufficient gravy for a quart dish of new po
tatoes; none other should be served with the
gravy over them.
After the potatoes are done growing, the skin
is tight on them, and they should be washed
and Rteamed, or boiled, like the growing ones,
but with the skin uncut. If they are good, and
cooked quick, they will burst as soon as done.
By the first of January, and all the time there
after, they are beet mashed befote serving. If
peeled for this before cooking, a very thin peel
ing only should be taken off, for the best of
the potato is just next to the skin, aud if boiled
after being peeled, this best part U lost in the
water. They should be steamed if possible.
When done they must be peeled, aud mashed
quickly, leaving no lumps. As each one is
peeled, lay it in a tin pail, or other deep ves
sel with perpendicular sides for mashing, and
break or pry open, but not cut, eachone for the
escape of steam, while the rest are being peeled.
Then if nothing better can be had, and not
much better is needed, a fork should be used
to beat them against the sides of the pail. Beat
briskly until no lumps can be seen. Add salt
and rich cream. Turn out in the dish in
flakes, leaving the surface to arrange itself; and
they are ready for serving. Tbey will be
found far more palatable after this treament
than when mashed with a wooden maul, and
butter added, then smoothed down on the dish,
stopping up all the vents for steata to escape.
They become waxy after this last treatment,
like butter after being worked with the hand in
warm weather.
Cold potatoes to be warmed over for break
fast must be sliced thin, and put into hot fat,
without a cover over them and salted. They
will fry a nice brown in this way, or if not
wanted brown, cream can be added and al
lowed to boil up once. Maine Farmer.
Wklsii Rabbit. In answer to a correspond
ent we gave a reoipe for making Welsh rab
bit some few weeks sinco. Here is another:
Olivia writes: "TThe following recipe for
Welsh rarebit I can guarantee as an old English
one. It can best be made in a chafing dish,
except the indispensable toast, which must be
done, of course, before hot coals: Take a good
slice of rather new cheese, say one-half pound,
cut it into thin chips, do the same with one
eighth of pound of Gruyere oheese. Have your
chafing-dish hot, with one-eighth of a pound of
freBh butter melted, and stir in the cheese, stir
ring bard. Add a salt-spoonful of dry mus
tard, u claret glass full of good ale, or the same
quantity of port wine. Pour it hot over the
toast."
Impbovinq Spoiled Botteb. An excellent
process intended to improve spoiled butter was
patented in 1859, and therefore expires in
about a year hence. It is founded on the fact
that the butter in barrels spoils first and mostly
from the outside; the hoops and staves are
therefore removed from the Bpoiled batter, it
is surrounded with a bag, and the whole buried
in charcoal contained in a large barrel or any
other suitable receptacle. The well known and
wonderful absorbent power of the charcoal for
odors removes all strong flavor from the butter,
and soon cives it the aDnearanoe of a fresh
article, saleable in the market at a price far in
advance of that which rancid butter Brings.
To clean a brown porcelain kettle, boil peeled
potties in it The porcelain will be rendered
nearly as white as when new.
Responsibility of Housekeepers.
Health is a matter universally held of the first
importance, for withont it people are unfit for
most of the dnties of life, unable to enjoy its
pleasures, and usually experience more or less
mental and physical suffering.
It has been decided, not only by the most
eminent of the medical profession, bnt by the
majority of enlightened people everywhere,
that a man's food, that is, what he eats and
how he eats it, has more to do with the state
of his health than any one other ordinary con
dition. If this be the case, it follows that a rather
heavy responsibility rests upon the shoulders
of the housekeeper, particularly if she also ful
fills the office of cook.
Now, the majority of housekeepers are good,
well meaning persons, but what miserable
work tbey often make with the preparation of
food. If tbey study the subject at all, it is to
make their dishes present a good appearance,
and taste well, giving very little consideration
to the wbolesomeneM or unwholesomeness of
the ingredients.
People who seem to exercise a fair amount
of common sense with regard to other matters,
show themselves miserably deficient on the
subject of hygiene, as relating to food and the
proper time to take it.
One woman forbids her children eating fruit
at breakfast time, because they are delicate;
and allows them to have coffee, hot doughnuts,
and Med pork. ...
Another housekeeper in cooking beans par
boils then in three waters, carefully pouring
away each water to get the "poison" out, and
cooks all her fruit in a tin pan, allowing it to
remain in the pan two or three days, thereby
absorbing a quantity of positive metalllo poi'on
from the action of the acid on the lead contain
ed in the tin,
Not one housekeeper in twenty enjoys perfect
health, yet nope of them will admit being
troubled with dyspepsia, or even the slightest
Indigestion.
Mr'. Smith is afflicted with sick-headache
two or three times a week, always after ealiuR
roast pork or boiled cabbage; but of course
those dishes have noth ng to do with it, it is
constitutional, or is caused by the cold or by
the heat.
Mrs. Brown is subject to colds, dizziness, bad
breath, no appetite in the morning, and a mul
titude of aches and pains; but none of these are
attributable to the pastry, black pepper, greasy
-raw. hot white bread and biscuit that she in
dulges in every day. O, nol it is the air, or
the location of the house, or her having to do
housework, or not being able to ride often.
And so she goes on, nntil too unwell to eat
anything at all for a day or two, not even a
mouthtul of pork and beans, or a bite of mince
pie; then she takes a dose of some patent med
icine, or puts a plaster on her back, and medi
tates on the mysteries of Providence.
Providence has little to do with the poor
health of American women, the blame rests
mostly with themselves.
The health of the whole family is to a great
extent in the hands of the mistress of the house.
She usually buys the food, and if she does not
buy it, she prepares it for the table, or over
sees its preparation, and can easily spoil the
biscuit or the pan-cakes, or corn bread wiih
over doses of soda, and fill the vegetables and
meat with blaok pepper and pork fat, makiug
them fit for nobody to eat, not even a savage.
The other inmates of the house nre obliged to
eat what is put on the table, or take the alter
native of starving, and the result is the general
prevalence of dyspepsia.
Heads of families, and particularly house
keepers, should be better informed with regard
to the properties of different kindsof food, and
the best modes of preparing them, and when
that time comes we shall see an improvement
in the general health of the people.
Zoraine, in Rural Press.
Hydrophobia After Three Years.
The Lancaster (Penn.) Examiner has an ao
count of the death of Samuel Hance, a black
smith, twentv-lhree years old, in Chester
county, that State, after three days' s'iffiring
It says: " He was bitten by a dog in Delaware
three years ago while working at smithing.
On Thursday Mr. Hance complained of feeling
unwell and during the night was taken with
convulsions, the fear of water being very
marked, the first symptoms of the afftction be
ing the difficulty in swallowing water. From
Thursday until the time of his death he was
frequently seized with the most violent con
vulsions, which morphine and chloroform were
perfectly powerless to check, the slightest dis
turbing influence throwing him into a spasm
as fanning, a current of air, or a fly lighting
upon bim. Before going into what proved bis
last convulsion he requested the attendant to
tie him, as he was alraid of hurting some one,
being a very powerful man. So the doctor had
him tied and held during the convulsion, and
he died soon after the convulsion was over.
During this convulsion he struggled terribly
and snapped his teeth several times, the strik
ing of the teeth being plainly beard. The suf
ferer was attended by Drs. Horner, Thornton
and the Drs. Hoskins, of Chester county. Ever
since Mr. Hance was bitten, which was upon
the finger, and which was not at all sore during
his attack, he had no morbid fear of hydro
phobia, being of a rather phlegmatic tem
perament than a nervous one, and bad during
the three years been of good health and en
tirely temperate in his habits. He was married,
and leaves a wife and young infant child."
Eyesight of Engine Drivers.
A communication has recently appeared in
the English papers addressed by Mr. Wat-
uson, surgeon of the Great Northern hospital
(.t-ng.;, wmen is calculated to set railway trav
elers on the qui vive in regard to the possibili
ties of danger in such traveling from a here
tofore unsuspected quarter. This correspond
ent is actually "convinced" that it is a matter
of some uncertainty whether the drivers in
charge of trains arc not often suffering from an
affection of the eyesight. Mr. Watson's far
from re-assuring conclusions upon this import
ant subject have been derived from professional
attendance upon the late driver of one of the
fastest express trains. The condition of this
man's power of vision was such as to preclude
him from seeing at a distance beyond twenty
feet objects which should have been visible at
200 feet.
It is satisfactory to learn that this particular
driver, in the face of probable visitations of
snow and fog, had the honesty to relinquish
work which be could not have performei but
with great risk to the public. It is far from
dear, however, that every driver afflicted with
amaurosis would manifest bo laudable anappte
ciation of the moral code as to resign lucrative
employment out of consideration for the publio
safety. ,
Sea Air and Mountain Aib. The difference
between the action of sea air and that of
mountain air on the hum n system has been
recently explained by Professor Beneke, of
Marbnrg, whose exp'riments show that bodies
part with their heat a great deal more rapidly
on the sea Bbore than among the mountains.
Near the ocean the processes of change in the
body are accelerated; and sea air is benedtial
for persons who are overworked, but whose
digestive organs are good. A mountain atmos
phere, on the other hand, renders the bodily
movements easier by reason of the diminished
pressure, and increases the activity of respira
tion. Professor Beneke thinks that irritable,
nervous persons .all find themselves better
in mountainous districts.
Pekin Ducks.
In describing the first importation of these
ducks the Poultry World says: "The durks
were with some white China geese. Tbey
were full as large as the geese. Tbey com
menced laying about two weeks after their ar
rival. One of the ducks laid one hundred and
thlrty-threo eggs the first season, two hundred
and one the second season. In April, 1875,
Mr. Palmer imported by the ship Mary Whit
ridge, Qaptain Cutler, four drakes and six
ducks. They laid all the voyage home; after
they arrived they laid about one hundred and
twenty eggs, from which Mr. Palmer raised a
fine flock of ducks, samples of which are in
the editor's possession, and are truly magnifi
cent. One of the ducks weighed, when she
commenced laying, eight? pounds and nine
ounces. The largest drake, ten pounds and
two ounces." The third importation into the
United States was made by M. Eyre, of
Napa. California, and if thev should
Srove even one-half as proliflo layers as claimed,
ley will stand far aheid of every other duck
in every desirable quality.
Thb Iowa Senate has adopted the joint reso
lution for an amendment to the constitution
abolishing the grand jury system.
TljE VtfiEYVlD'
Interesting Experience with Phylloxera.
We find in the latest issue- of Colman's
Rural World an interesting letter concerning
the phylloxera, with comments by tho well
known entomologist Charles V. Riley. We
reproduce them for our readers :
Since reading what you have to say about
phylloxera, I have been investigating matlers
for myself, and find " that s what s the matter.
Nurserymen nave oeuer opportunities 10 oo
aervnthe effects than others, on account of huv
ing to dig up vines. I dug some two thousand
three-year old yines this fall, and I found tho
little villains by the million on the roots not
one on the foliage. There were some fifteen
or twenty varieties, aud every variety was more
or less infested. I should say the vinifera the
most, cordifolia the n-xt, labrusca next, and
ro-iUvalis the least. I found n great deal of
difference in varieties ot the same species. I
think I am safe in saying, that the vines most
Infected are those having been longest under
cultivation. This is so wan laDrusca at least,
Cataba and Hartford Prolific, and I fear Con
cord now, are examples ; but there is certainly
a great deal of difference in vines of the same
botanical tpeeies. Geuerally.the strongest and
most vigorous growers are more exempt, and I
fancy the coarsett, 'most foxy fruited, next
But this may be but fancy. Certain it is, that
Creveling had more than Northern Muscadine ;
but, then, there is Hartford coarse enongh for
the most fastidious, and it is the most infested
(1). Then the hybrids with vinifera, and those
ith cordifolia, seem worse than those with la
brusca vines. Othello, for instance, a year
Hgo lost all its foliage, aud the fruit did not
rmen. Ctoton and Seuasqua soon lose all visor
apparently. The Alvey seemed most exempt
of any vines in my nursery, ana i nave some
seedling hybrids between Alvey and Eumelan
that oro as vigorously and seem as exempt as
Alvey, One of them is earlier than any of the
old kinds, and one later received several first
premiums the past season. How is this that
so many nurserymen claim to be exempt from
this pest? It is but preteno. Some of the
very ones who claim to b exempt, Bent mo
vines last Bpring with plenty of phylloxera on
them. Can you give uie auy solution wbioh
you have tried, wherein I can soak the roots,
and set ont on an island, to see if I cannot
grow and propagate vines free from the pest
Tbey seem to destroy the routs of some sorts,
while young, as fast as tbey grow for instance
the Walter. What do you think of trtlng cut
tings on a small island in the river recently
formed, no oia or wiia vines on u r i nave
examined several wild vines, and find the pest
there on them. It is doubtful if there are
vines exempt an j where. Sail, it would be a
great benefit if they could be kept off for a
year or two, until they get a start ; for I find
that the most varieties outgrow the trouble, if
kept vigorous by good soil and manure(2). I
found in the bed i dug thai the vines that enp
cened to be planted deepest were far more ex
empt than the shallow planted. I can tell a
vine that is badly infested by the looks of it
The roots seem old and moldy, and smell like
rotten wood, and the whole vine looks sickly
and lacks victor. As so many nurserymen
claim to be exempt from this pest, you will
please withhold my name and locality from the
publio ; but yon are welcome to use these facts,
if they are of service to you, I say this only
in selt-defenoe; if others would 'tell the ruth,
I should be glad to cive these and all facts I
may observe publicity ; bnt you can readily
see wherein I would suffer if I should publicly
proclaim I have the pest (3). We have gone
on with them a great -while and made steady
prosress. and we can do" so in the future.
True, we could do better without them ; but
there is no need of a great scare. I should
take pleasure in giving you any further facts if
you want tnem.
Comments bv Mr. Riley.
(1.) Hartford is one of those vines which, like
Clinton, always shows plenty of nodosities,
but suffers less than many other varieties that
appear less affected. It makes many fibrous
root, which are the only roots that show the
swellings, and its root texture is such that, in'
stead of suoh swellings rotting soon after the
puncture of the insect, and thus destroying all
the finer roots, they remain hard and retain the
power of nourishing the vine a much longer
time.
(2) A strong decoction of soapsuds and to
bacco, used hot, as for freeing young apple
trees from root lioe, is the best for dipping
young vines from the nursery to free them
from phylloxera ; but I cannot recommend it
as of any very great benefit, unless the vines
are to be isolated and separated from infested
viueyaras a distance oi at least niteen mues.
The planting on an island in the river will
tflVctually prevent the inseot getting on to the
vines by travelling over or under the ground ;
but, unfortunately turns, the little pest has an
other mode of spreading, namely : in the
winged female form.
(3) I am aware that this foolish tendenoy on
the part of the nurserymen to shut their eyes
to the fact of the existence of phylloxera on
their vines, prevails to a great extent, under
the false impression that the knowledge ot the
fact that they were troubled with the insect
would injure their business. So it has been
claimed by some writers that phylloxera does
not exist in Georgia, and the statement has
been heralded as a strong inducement for
the French grape growers to procure vines
from that part of the country. Yet I have re
cently received from Mr, M. Cole, of Atlanta,
Ga., good proof of its existence there. So
some grape growers around Sonoma, Califor
nia, where the insect has obtained a foothold
for two or three years past, under the same
false policy have attempted to hush the fact,
and have thus endangered the whole grape
growing interest in California, whereas, by
calling attention of the State authorities to the
existence of the pest when first introduced and
noticed, tbey might have stamped it out and
prevented what now bids fair to prove a calam
ity. When our grape growers east of the Rocky
mountains come to understand that the insect
is generally distributed over the country, and
that it will no more injure some of our native
varieties than it has done in the past, they will
cease to be influenced by any such narrow
views.
Calming; tub Waves. The belief of sailors
that rain calms the sea can be confirmed to
some extent by pouring water from a watering
pot into a glass jar filled with water, upon
which rests a layer of water colored by some
snbstaLoe. This superficial layer will be seen
to send rings downward; each ring being set in
motion by a drop of the water falling from the
watering-pot, and which occupies its center.
As in a storm it is only the superficial layer of
water which U in motion, the tea would neces
sarily be calmed by any cause which foroed
this surface layer of agitated liquid down into
that which is at rest. Bat may not another cause
be the retardation of the wind by passing
through a thick bank of raindrops ?
Cost or Stzak Powib. Steam is reckoned
to be ninety time cheaper than manual power,
seventy times cheaper than electro-motive
power, and tea time cheaper than horse power.
TrE i-otSE.
The California Horse.
It is to the advantage of all thjse who under
take measures for the improvement of stock
to
have an animal worthy to build upon. In this
respect we find A. T. Dunbar advocating th
claims of the native California horse in the
cnlnmns of the Stockton Independent. We
(mote for our readers as follows:
None but their ancestors, the Barbs, can
excel the native California horse for endurance
and rapidity of motion, and those oniy Decaue
l.A. nrt jAmo.tiatofl and tliArwfnrA mnra narA-
fully bred the wild horse inbreeding to excess,
and at a tender age.
its Origin.
The wild horse, whose ancestors camo from
Spain, was brought over in small sailing ves
stls, dangerous aud long voyages, without steam
......rth. mmlavn f.inilfHnn of the present
Ui HUJ w w M.U-.W- --.-." - r - -
age. Horse Selected tor snou an expedition
must nave Deen oi me cuoiceai aiuu, nicu
nerve, good disposition, sgile and wiry, else
it,.. Mnnlil nnf andnrA Ihn rankina and swavincf
motion of such small ships for so long a time,
the ancestors of the "mustang" were in every
possible sense me equal oi me auveuiuruus
men who attempted so much. They, like their
leaders, were of the choicest kind, the best
blood. In this way the purest and ablest Barb
klnnJ maa D.nllrAll A. miplpllR faim Which thO
aotivity and endurance of the wild horse ha
been produced Occident, considering his age
and odvantages naving oat mm uru uo
.lAAAd iitmealf a, h -AnrAaAntfitiva California
trotting horse, not only at the head of the
United States, dm oi me worm. uuu mo
number of horses in California with that of the
aUa.. Cfnfoa and lha urnrld na rmlv in thig WaV
can a judicious comparison be made, and it
will be luuy one mousauu iu uuo. fumimic
the ago and experience of Goldsmith Maid with
I.a aaia And OflvjIltinM ttlllt. f lAnlftAflt. VlAS llftd.
and make sufficient allowances for the injury
to ills teei, etc., ami uo is iu nucau iu juo -b-gregate
of the world, and I bave no doubt that
u... aa .., .-AAva mil nvir hia Viand A Ihn
unuio DU 1U.UJ 1H w.. w . - - - .
Maid has Been, that he will have reduced the
time of his record oeiow z-.i. nu u ic.i
been right, he could not have thrown a quar
ter crack, and as with Smuggler with bis im
proved feet came steadiness, so it will be with
Occident, who must, in his greatest feat, have
labored to a great disadvantage. There is not
a i,a And n mm-A m niAtrinall v Ami better
built, or more evenly balanced horse in ex
istencecomparing lovorauiy wiiu i jjuv,
ling and Fellowcraft, having the proper
length of certain bones to work tendons and
coarser musoles, for muscle, without sufficient
bone power in the horse, is line ine strong string
ui, aV i,ni Thn utrnno ntrinp with the
weak bow is deprived of its full powers. Just
so with the norse; uunuioo uuu numo ui uiuvib
are only extra weight, without suitable bone
a.aa. n-A.fi- ilinm. Orn.ldnnt does not in
this way carry a pound weight of either waste
flesh or Done, uomrasi iuo uuiuun ui uuim
gotten by Occident's sire with old Hambletoni
an's get. Not one of the large number has
equaled Occident's time, while they have had
all the advantages of science in breeding and
education Occident having instead of gentle
halter breaking, the lasso. Oooident's educa
cation oontrasts strangely with the sons of sci
ence, in the breeding and handling of horses.
He learned the alphabet ot work in a dirt
wagon, his jogging exercise in an exoavation
.. And uto DA-nnaa and annpdina Axeraise in n
poultry wagon. Mrs. told me that many
r.i.Hnia oka wtttinaaWI In nntiinanv with the
owner and his wife, with faBt naga and light
... r 1 , & 1a..a t..tnn nlntnAn,
venicies uccuieai iwjd uo,uB ,.i..u.
Goldsmith Maid, Occident, Smuggler and Bed
Cloud grew up as rnstios, until five years old,
and I might add Flora Temple, Lady Tharn and
Dexter, who, from their turbulent spirits, re
fused to do little more than contend until after
that age. This few, compared wim me many
failures through the fallaoy of early training,
and through injury to the feet and burning pro
cess of the muscles, prevent the flesh, tendons
and cartileges from ever again having the
youthful, vigorous condition of an untrained
oolt. Not one of all the oolts trained by Dr.
Herr of Kentuoky are to be found in com
petition with other families as matured horses,
not a word have wo heard this season from
Lady Stout, either in a private or publio capa
city. Hence horse Boience is defeated by igno-
I e a a.. ntTAVAna I,a fnvnrnil AA favor-
ites are defeated, proving most positively that
l --.ab.aa.ia AvnavlanAa la nt ntiv
no amouut ui wrruuuuun .p--.--- j
avail, and that there remains jctalarge margin
to the credit of the horse waiting for judioioas
development.
Qualities.
rm.A av.--.-ja m,i trli if iIia mnflole of the Cal
ifornia horse is of a finer and better quality
than that of the horses or any oilier country -aa-
aa.w ha-nnoA nt ilia ruvmliAr drv feed, an
analooy may be sought in the best cured tea;
there is noi mat amouut oi -,-- u-,-. -
the system. Henoe the fine eW.io fiber of the
flesh is a urominent feature in their miraculous
endurance. Superior to either thoir symmetri
cal framework, their fine, elastio fibrous mnscle,
or their rapid motion, is their large breathing
apparatus. The result of pure air, well cured
hay and straw without dust, mold or rust.
The machinery oi a norse may -e a- por-cm u-
,!.- nf n ta1I .-.an-oil InAnmntlvA. With TlOWfir-
luafc '- iuii , i5- -www- - -, - - ,
ful lungs and larnyx well developed, but with
out a large, well developed nasal channel and
open, lealy-like nostril, all tho other perfect
qualities will avail him nothing, no more than a
laroe furnace and boiler in the locomotive
without draft. If there is not sufficient draft
to create steam, all the other good qualities oi
the locomotive will avail nothing, so that with-
a.. nffiAl-..i JnnA and flntAUl tft. ttltt IllnOH
UUV DU IU IDU, l-Klu.a I w.w w w -. . . n-
their btrength without will avail no more to the
norse tnan a targe lurnaoe auu uuuer w mo lo
comotive without a good smoke-sUck or chim-
T.ifi nfll.fnrnift horse cornea nearer filling this
.-,,.--. ik.H Altta l-raa T AV(r HAW. Huth
..-- . ii-i nvinnv r9 linraAa imnnrtfld fir
the term will apply to those brongbt from the
are similarly affected by climate, food and edu
narinn 4taff mnt.ATl I.A.V.mf'fl mOrA TAT-id. in
fact this happens to both man and beast. Thin
rapid mouon, wuewer native or nuuou, n
4.A1 - ntaM iriitn In n. vnnh tnnrA nntlnn
able position when better understood than even
tne great ieat oi uociaent lias uuuo. udu-uiw
and Gold Note, with many of the younger ones
are, through that rapid, clean motion, following
In .Ua AA-tAn A..M.11I TT-dnld tTamhlA-
U IUV l-wMbVI - WWUBUfl ... aa.w.w-
tonian been bred to as many choice mustang
mares aa ue uiw uwu tu vtu-o, uvno 001.-1.
and well bred, be would have produced more
and faster trotters in the aagrrgate than be has
done. No single family baa shown equal merit
with Brano and Brunette, and their dam, the
It 111.. -TV-.--, ill Aw- awiaaA -annM ! AnvmaA tawrtnk-
bly with select mustangs, so that we think that
uawornia oreeaers navs a nuciou. id tucir
native horse that, were tbey in l-entucay, in-
CTOMeu -.peeu wuum uo mo rvui uo .um-
ion of Pilot blood would be mpersAded by the
t I a.Ia . ... AAn.AAA.AI Til. A .. .nA
more rapiu uiuiiuu ut iuc -uu-taug. m uo wwwv
of old H.mbletonian received for his services
9163,000, while we are not aware that the sire
of Occident has made for his owner as many
hundred, and had Occident's sire as many op
portunities, no doubt the product would have
been a superior family to the Bruno's
I am, therefore, convinced that a mixture
with the Etsternpncers or the Kentucky saddle
horse would produce better trotters and of
greater endurance than those that have been
bred with so much care. In the thorongnored
runnirig horse bis front legs are not attached to
his body in the best shape for trotting, hence
so many failures iu mixing the ruunerwith the
trotter.
Through the pure nir, tho peculiar feed, the
rapid motion of every person aud everything,
from the tenacious flea, house flynndmoFquito
to the gamboling lizard, everything is on the
alert, and I am of the opinion tlit a Urge mix
ture of native blood would prove a benefit, as
similar blood has done in Lncell and Gold
Bust. The Faciflo coast will yet be furnishing
the East ilh tho fastest horso-i, as Kentucky
is now doing.
English Agricultural Progress.
J From F-CiSo Rural Press.
Messrs. Emtoiis: We havo now entered
upon the third quarter of the 19th century, and
may therefore be excused for wondering how
far we have traveled on the road to perfection
in agricultural practice and science. The oen
tury like those emong us who have seen 75
summers is getting old, and the present time
seems admirably suited for looking back at
what many call "tho good old times,'' but to
which I, for one, should be sorry to have to
return, and also do our best to lift the veil if
only partially from the unknown future; and
this has been done so admirably by a writer
well known by all agriculturist! in the Agri
cultural Gazette of to-day, that I send you his
remarks:
"It is noteworthy," says this writer, "in the
history of Ensli-b agricultural improvements,
that the first efforts were made in the direction
of introducing new plants, such as potatoes,
clovers and turnips; and also in improving tho
methods of their cultivation. This good work
was extended fioru the time of good Queen
Bes, when Raleigh imported the potato, to the
year 17G4, when Mr. Dawson, of Fugden, in
troduced turnip husbandry into Koxburgshire.
From this period we may date the second great
chapter of progress, which contains the history
of live stock improvements, from Bakewell and
thn Collings down to Fisher Hobbs and the
Druces. A third period of advancement dates
from the publication of Liebig's Agricultural
Chemistry in 18.2. The most palpable objects
had been already attained in tho shape of first
rate crops and first-rate stook. Further progress
seemed to be almost hopeless when Liebig
Bhowed the world the intimate connection be
tween ohemists and agriculture.
"During the last 40 years but little has been
done in the introduction of now plants or the
development of new breeds; but it is during
this period that chemistry, mechanics, geology,
nnd several other branches of soienco have
illumined the path of our agricultural pioneers.
The value of scieuoe to practice has been long
reoognized by tho enlightened, although it is
still doubted by many. These latter ask
wherein are we enlightened? but we cannot
pause to nnswer tho question in detail. It is a
question which, wo are glad to say, is not asked
by those who are in the van of improvement;
and although tho precise application of botany,
geology, or oven chemistry, to agrioulture can
not in every case be dearly pointed out, we
have good reason, from past experience, to hail
the labors of their professors as of incalculable
value. No doubt these labors have resulted in
improved methods, both of cultivation and
manuring land; in a more complete knowledge
of the manufacture of meat; in a better knowl-.
edge of the conditions of health in store and
fattening animals; in the substitution of
mechanical contrivances for hand and horse
labor.
"In this recent movement we have witnessed
the effeot of union as exemplified in the Royal
Agricultural aud other societies. These so
cieties have assisted to spread abroad knowl
edge, and to improve the live stock of the
country. The farmers' clubs and obambers of
agrioulturo havo also given the agricultural
community what it long wanted a voice. We
have marked three distinct epoohs of progress,
bringing us down to the present day."
What are We to See Next?
The answer to this is, that we shall see an
improvement in the condition of tho laborer
and the tenant farmer; and this is to be brought
about by all farming operations being carried
out upon tho commercial principle. The pa
ternal system whether botweon landlord and
tenant or between tenant aud laborer must be
abolished, Tho landlord must receive a fair
value for his laud, and the tenant must have
perfect freedom in cultivating it. The laborers
must receive a "fair day's wages for a fair day's
work," and then except in those civilities and
courtosfes which ought to exist between all who
have business relations together each one is
bis own master. Agriculture must be treated
upon business principles for the future; and
this will, I believe, be the fourth decade of
agricultural progress.
The Dairy Interest.
But there Is one department of agriculture in
whioh your readers are interested that will, I
think, in the very near future, make rapid
Btrides. I allude to the dairy interest. I be
lieve that the factory system will make rapid
progress during the next few years. At present
we have only about twenty factories, but I
think that number will bo doubled in about two
years' time. I also believe that the eomlns
year will see the foundation laid for a really
national uairymen s association tor ureal
Britain, or at least for England. I hope this
will be tho caBe, for our dairying is, in nine
cases out of ten, carried on in a very unscien
tific manner. This will be remedied, I believe,
here as it has been in America, by the aotion
of a good dairymen's association. I firmly
believe that rapid strides will shortly be made
towards the perfection of ssientifio dairying in
this country.
I must wish your readers a happy and suc
cessful new year; and also, express the hope
that prosperity will attend American agricul
turists and dairymen daring the whole of the
last quarter of the nineteeth century.
.London, iogiand, Jan. d. u. t, M.
Tne Russian Imperial Academy of Science
has elected as corresponding members Prof.
Newcomb, of the Naval Observatory at Wash
ington, Prof. Gould, of the Arnefttine Repub
lic and Prof. Whitney, of New Haven.
E. D. Wikslow. the well-known journalist
and politician, and known as one of the princi
pal owners of the Daily iVeus and Boston Post,
has absconded from Boston after committing
various forgeries.
A KiwspircB has been started in Paris for
thn mimosa of fnrnlshino all nosslbla informa
tion about the Centennial celebration,
Tttv -mAltAr- and -flvAr rv.111- eJ TTtah nnr-
pose giving the produot of one day's run to
.well the exhibit at the Centennial.
J
4
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