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WILLAMETTE FARMER.
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THe HofDE Circle.
My School Days.
By Jobh O. Wmrnu.
Still alta the school house by the road,
A ragged beggar sunning;
Around it still ttia auaacb grown,
And blackberry vine are running.
Within tbe master's desk Is aeen,
Deep scarred by raps official;
The warping floor, the battered aeata,
The Jack knlfe'a carved initial.
The charcoal frescoea on lta walla;
Its dc or'a worn alll betraying
Tbe feet, that creeping alow to school,
Went storming out to playing.
Long J ears ago a winter's sun
Shone over all at setting;
Lit up its western window panes.
And low eave'a ley fretting.
It touched tbe tangled golden curls.
And brown eyes full or grieving.
Of one who still her steps delajed
When all the school were leaving.
For near her stood the little boy
Iier childish favor tingled,
Ilia cap was pulled down on bis face,
Where pride snd shsme were mingled.
FnfthlnR wl h restless feet the snow
To rluht and left, he lingered.
And restlo.Bly her tiny hands
The blue check apron fingered.
He saw ber lift her eye'; he felt
Tho soft bands light caressing.
And heard the trembling of her voice,
As if a fault confessing,
"Im sorry that I apolt the words
I hate to KOIbove you,
Becau e" the brown eyea lower fell
"Hicause, you see, 1 loeyou."
Still memory to the gray haind nfan
That swett child face is showing;
Dear girl! tbe grasBea on ber grave
Have forty jears been growing t
lie lives to learn in life's bird school;
How ew who para above him
Lament their triumph and bis loss
Likja her because they love him.
The Burdens of Life.
We all have them to bear, and there in no
escape. With some the burden is poverty,
with others ignorance, or loneliness, or care,
or neglect, or ill-health, or bereavement,
and no two burdens are alike. Some carry n
load of unsatisfied longing and of quenohless
aspiration from the cradle to tho grave. This
is the grandest burden ono can bear, us that of
conscious fi'iilt is heaviest and most grievous.
Sometimes wo are nolo to shift the weight
from one shoulder to tbe other, but often it is
as a joke on our necks that with all our effVirfs
will Bti7 Id just the one place. Due attention
to business, careiui investment and snrewd
foresight enable many to rise from poverty to
wealth, but In doing this they by no means get
rid of that trouble to which all men are born
panic! frighten and ruiu them, railroads be
. come insolvent, b inks break, flood and fire and
whirlwind desolate, insurauoe comp.inios fall.
"And, when he thinks, good, easy man, full suroly
His greatnes is a.rlpenlnjr, nips his root,
And then he falls ."
The burden of ignorance is another that may
be sensibly lightened ho lous; as eoutiuued
progress up the hfcbts of learning tfives ono the
aonsoiousnss of advancement, but the higher
we get the more do we see of the unknown anil
the unknowable, tho further do we remove
ourselvts from sympathy with tbe mass of our
fellows. Mountain tops are cold and solitary,
and, for the most purt, unfrequented. We
change the place and keep the pun, and so we
are forced at last to the oonolusion that the
poet taught us long ago, though we wouldn't
learn it, that:
Not enjoyment and not aorrow
' la our ilestinrd fciid of way;
nut to act that eacli tomorrow,
l'lnd ua farther than to-day.
Wo children, old nud young, are all at school;
tasks are given us to perform, and' there is a
dark closet or a hickory switoh, or keeping in
after school for those who are idle or insubor
dinate or stupid, Divine Providence takes us
all in hand, and, rewarding the diligent, visits
condign pnnishmeut sooner or later on all
offenders and delinquents. There is no choice
at all in the matter; tbe issue is obedience or
disobedience, with reward or penalty. Not
seldom do wo feel that the lesson is so hard we
never can loam it, the task entirely beyond our
strength; but wo are kept at it, and kept at it,
until wo conquer or the master, discouraged
with our dullness, gives us over to perpetual
stupidity, Now, in such a case, what is the
best thing to do? Isn't it to "buckle right
down" cheerfully and patiently and persist
ently to tho task assigned, until light breaks in
somewhere, or the mister, seeing our tfforts.
lends a helping haud? When this leBson is
learned, rest assured there are more to come,
in another branch perhaps, and if we don't wish
to be kept down in the nriuury classes all our
lives we must study. If what has been said is
tine, what is the wisest, most politic, most
prudent course for us to take? Shall we sit
down aud refuse to carry the burdens laid ou
our shoulders? Thus doing, they will crush
us to the earth. The only sensible thing to do
is to march on, walking firmly when we can,
staggering when wo must, looking at the blue
sky over our heads Instead of tho rough road
beneath our feet, catching all the joy we can
from bird Bongs, flowery perfumes, pleasant
talk by the way with other burdened souls;
aud keepiug evermoro steadfastly in view the
day when we expect to hear "Well done, good
and faithful servant, thou hast been faithful
over a few things." Shall we not then resolve
that "henceforth life shall not be shirked, life
shall not be shunned, life shall not be picked
over, as piggish boys pick over puddings for
just the plums, but that this life, this one com
won life, this good and finished life, which Ood
has made good, shall be accepted, seized, held
fast, embraced, anouored to, shall be accepted
as a good and satisfying inheritance, tbe whole
of it, and without amendment, or any approved
wish, for amendment or chaugt?" JVitmne.
The Death Kiss. Womau's lovo! is there
anything like it? A Canadian's wife has Just
died in Raleigh, and he has taken her to Can
ada to bur; her under the native sod. She
died in a land of strangers, but she left behind
the name of a devoted wife. It was love in
death. lie saw her sluking fast he knew it,
:he knew it it was consumption. lie nursed
her like a little child, the great strong man,
and there they wore in tbe room together the
night sbo died. She wanted to see oat, to gaze
once more at the world outside; but he entreated
her against it, and told ber that to take her up
would make her worse; but she told him she
was dying anyway, and he lifted her tenderly
in his arm and walked with her about the
room, holding her to his breast and showing
her this object and that, pointing out every
pleasant thing, and the kissiug him witb every
breath till the last breath had gone, and the kiss
died oold on bla cheek. When God made man.
ha oat all of heaven in a woman' love, and
told blru to win it, and be worthy of it. i ictoc
bvirg JJtrald.
A TJciuUTni report of a recent marriage cere
Mony in Iowa: "Join your right hand. Do
Sou wanton another.'' "Yes." "Well, then,
av ou another. You are man and wile."
House BuHding.
One of the most readable articles in Scribner's
Alagatine, for January, is contributed by John
Butroughs, who takes a very common sense
view of the subject he discusses. Be looks at
the house also with the eye of the true artist,
recognizing alt tbe accessories to beauty con
tributed freely by nature, rocks, trees, hills,
waters, and desires that in its construction and
color it shall harmonize with these. He says:
"If one's honse existed for its own sake, if it
were an end in and of itself, there might be
some fitness in the attempt lo give it poiitive
beauty. But as the matter stands, only that
human habitation satisfies my eye in which
the aim of beauty or att as such is entirely
swallowed up and lost sight of in tbe sugges
tion of comfort, warmth, s abilitv, and I do
not think that the house is beautiful, but invi
ting and home-like. If the builder has addtd
any intrinsic ornaments anything not in keep
ing wilh the necessities of tbe construction
(of course I would not confine him to tbe bare
boneBofthe care;) if he lias clapped on an
abominable French roof, which, inourclimate,
answers so poorly the purposes of a roof, and
suggests no shelter or hospitality; if he has
thrust up a tower where there is no view to
command; or if he has painted his structure
one of those light, delicate ttuts. that is like
nothing out of doors, and makes one feel as if
the hou-e ought to be taken in out of the wet
and the weather. I .see he has mode a bid for
the admiration of the public, and that he had
no deep want iu his heart to satisfy."
Further on, he Bays: "What is a man's
house but his nest, and why should it not bs
nest-like both outside and in coarse, strong.
negative in tone externally, and snug and will
fea hered and modeled by the heart within?
Why should he set on a hill, when he can
command a nook under the bill or on its side?
Why should it look like an observatory, when
it is a conservatory and dormitory? The
dome-tic spirit is quiet, informal, unceremoni
ous, loves ease, privacy, low tones; the chim
ney corner, theold arm-chair, tbe undress garb,
homily cares, children, sinple pleasure, etc.;
and why should it, when it seeks to house itself
from tbe weather, aim at tbe formal, tbe showy,
the architectural, tbe external, th superfluous?
Let state edifices look stately! but tlie private
dwelling should express privacy and coziness.
But every man's homo is in some sort an
fflgy of himself. It is not the snails and shell
fish alone that excrete their tenements, but
man as well. When you seriously build a
house, you make public proclamation of your
taste and manners, or your want of those. If
the domestic instinct is strong in you, and if you
have humility and simplicity, they will show
very plainly in your dwelling; if you have the
opposite oi these, false ptide or a petty ambi
tion, or coldness and exclusiveness, they will
show also. A man seldom builds better than
he knows, when he assumes to know any thing
about it."
Tapestry.
In early English mansions tbe walls of
apartments were usually covered witb tapestry.
In those days there were not so many broad
plain surfaces on the walls, and the rooms
were lower than now. There was more wood
work; large ornamental fire-places, dados, cor
nices and window recesses occupied much of
tbe walls, and they were often entirely or partly
panneled in oak. The furniture waH mas
sive, while trophies of the chaseand tbe battle
field held a prominent position, and tapestry
oompleted the mural decoration. That the
wall was beautifully painted seems proba
ble, for tbe number of churches having mural
imitiu is bo groat that a list of such has
been published by the science and art depart
ments of South Kensington. Tnese specimens
oi wan painting nave been, tor tne most part,
discovered under many coats of color after
ages of neglect.
Tapestry weaving is said to have been intro
duced into England in tbe time of Henry VIII.
by William Sheldon, who brought workmen
from Flanders about 1510; but probably the
art was merely revived at that period, for so
early as 1302, Lord Arundel bequeathed to his
wife Fhilippa the hangings in his hall recently
made in London. However, tapestry seems to
nave been brought to great perfection in tbe
mlddlo of the sixteenth century, and about
that time were not uncommon in the houses of
the middle classes.
Stamped, painted and gilded leather has long
been in ue as a wall decoration. It is said to
have been invented by the Spaniards, though
introduced into England by the Flemings In
the reign of Henry VIII.
Frankness in Loe. One of tho most essen
tial things in all lovo affairs is entire and per
fect frankness. Both parties Bhould be frank
true to themselves and truthful to each other.
How many uneasy, troubled and anxious
minds, how many breaking and how many
broken hearts there are to-day in which con
tent and happiness might have reigned supreme
but for want of frankness 1 Repentance inevit
ably comes for all these things, but it of ton
comes too late, and only when the evil produced
is incurable, in love, as in everything else,
truth is tho strongest of all things, and
frankness is but another name for truth Then
always be frank. Avoid misunderstandings ;
give no reason or oorasion for tbem. They are
more easily shunned than oured ; they leave
scars upon the heart. You are less likely to be
deoelved yourself whoa you never deceive
others. Frankness is like the light of a clear
day in which everything may be plainly per
oeived. The Best Food. Dr. Everett, in a lecture
on " Best Food for the Best Bodies," says
that " ohildren under Blxteen years of age
should be reared largely on brown bread and
milk ; then they will possess pearly teeth, bril
liant eyes, and healthy complexions." The
doctor is also of opinion that, " little women
should go out of fashion. Phyrtoal diminu
tion can be avoided by tight methods in the
use of food.
At tbe recent meeting of the Baptist asso
ciation at Eden, Me., there were two candidates
voted for as moderator, Rev. Mr. Fish, of
Brooklyn, and Rev. Mr. Bartlett, of Sedgwick.
Tbe chairman counted the votes and deolared
them thus: " Brethren, all that comes to our
net is Fish except a pair, and that is Bartlett."
He has five girls, and he says they Bha'n't have
no fellers around them, so he takes each one
in turn every Sunday afternoon and rubs her
teeth with an onion, and, as he quietly re
maiks; " None of 'em ever haa a beau a second
time."
Could anything be neater than an old dar
key's reply to a beautiful yonng lady whom he
offered to lift over the gutter. " Lor, missus,"
aaid he. "I'a naa.1 lo lifiino barmlanf annr."
A GurrutuiN who ha the power of moving
hit scalp was amusing his Utile niece with the
trlok lately, and aha expressed bar surprise by
exclaiming "Ma, jtut aee uncle wluk his hair."
Babies.
We do not know whether the following is
original with the London Sanitary Record, in
which we find it, but we feel that we are doing
a service to tbe babies in reprinting it :
These noisy parents of the race to be would,
if they could, frequently tell stories of a great
amount of needless suffering which Is entailed
upon them by tbe thoughtlessness of their
" good natured friends." When they first wake
up, it is no uncommon thing to have a candle
flared before their eyes, to amuse them with
the "pretty red light;" then, perhaps they
are jumped, screamed or whistled at, tossed up
in the air so violently that their nerves are
thoroughly shaken. At other times the infants
are poked in the ribs, unclean fingers are
thrust into their mouths, whether the poor
things like it or not, or they may be tickled
into spasms, or " bo-peeped" at so vigorously
as lo thoroughly scare tbem, if it does not in
daca St. Vitus'dance. Should the poor, help
less victim scream, which is tbe only protest it
c'sn make, it is libelled by being called frac
tious, and perhaps dosed with soothing syrup.
Other kind friends of tbe baby will, in the
most thoughtless manner, kiss and hug the
poor little victim, even when suffering them
selves from sore throat or colds, and so entail
an unknown amount of evil on the child, sim
ply from want of the commonest thoughtful-
ness.
If some of these boisterous nurses and
friends would remember that a very little vio
lent excitement goes a long way with infauts,
they would save tbem much needless suffering
both in the present and in the future ; rest and
quietness are tbe cnltl things iney require,
and yet seldom get, especi lly in a large fam
ily, or where there are m iny friends who take
ttitir turn to tickle and amuse the victim into
a sort of hysterical spasms, and then think
him or her happy. Again, in playing mnsio to
ihem, tbe most noisy and startling tunes are
generally selected, to the acute torture of the
sensitive tjmpannm, instead of those airs
which are most Boothing and gentle.
These are a few of many needless sufferings to
which children are thoughtlessly exposed. An
other very oommon source of torture is care
lessness in wheeling tbe perambulator. In
street crossing, these vehicles are more often
than not allowed to bump down tbe full bight
of tbe cutb stone, and then driven full tilt
against the opposite curb. Such shocks try se
verely the Bpine and nerves of the tender in
fants, who are unfortunately consigned to the
mercies of a careless nurse. We once heard
of a baby who was reported to have said, "how
stupid parents are 1" and if that infant prod
igy should live to be a hundred years old, it
would never say a truer thing of the majority oi
fathers, mothers and relatives in general.
How to Succeed.
Tbe young man who thinks he can carry
his boyish pranks into the serious business of
life, is not a man, and defrauds himself, and his
employer. "After work, play " That should
satisfy the most sanguine. "Business before
I leasnre," is tbe motto of tbe prudent man,
wboe guide is experience, and it is sufficient
for the novitiate in active life.
But it is despicable to see the young man
just starting oat in life so wedded to his for
mer enjoyments as to place them above present
duties. Yet this is often the case. The young
man, who to steer bis own bark launches forth
on the sea of life, too often looks back on the
pleasures be leaves behind; and, forgetful of
present duties, steers haok to past enjoyments.
There is no royal road to success any more
than to knowledge. He who wonld succeed
must work; and, after all, there is more real
enjoyment In work, which has a worthy object,
than in nlav. or.nleasure. intended to kill time.
We remarked a few days ago to a business man
whose present means are amply sufficient, but
who worked really harder than any of bis nu
merous employees, that he ought to "take it
easy." Said he: "1 am never so happy as
when I have more than I can do. I may wear
out In working, but I dread to rust out In
idling." He was right. His work was a part of
himself, a part of his life, and it was always
faithfully done. To apprentices, especially,
this earnestness and interest in their work is
necessary, if success is ever to be attainted.
Co-operation of the Wife. No married man
ever prospered in the world without the co
operation of his wife. If she unites in mutual
endeavors, or rewards his labors with an en
dearing smile, with what confidence will he
resort to his daily toil, meet difficulty and
encounter danger, if he knows that he is not
spending nis strength in vain, but that bis
labor will be rewarded by the sweets of home.
Solicitude and disappointment enter the history
of every man's life ; and he is only half-provided
for his voyage who finds but an associate for
happy hours, wbile for his months of darkness
and distress no sympathizing partner is pre
pared. How Yankee Potatoes do in England. The
Standard, of Coventry, England, states that laBt
spring one pound each of the Snowflake and
Eureka potatoes, two new American varieties,
were planted in tne gardens at uapestnorne,
the seat of Mr. Bromley Davenport. M. F. On
the 13th of September the Snowflake was
lifted, when it was found that the one pound
had produoed the surprising weight of 633
pounds. A week later the Eureka was lifted,
and it was ascertained that the pound of seed
potatoes had produced 1,082 pounds, the
largest yield on record. Three hundred of the
tubers weighed 3G9 pounds.
My Motheb. How mnay sweet and holy
recollections do these few words recall to those
wbohave been blessed with tbe never ending af
fection of a mother 1 No change of fortune,
no loss of influence, not even tbe loss of char
acter itself can destroy a mother's love. Her
love can soothe the pangs of sickness, and turn
aside the arrows of misfortune. The name of
mother is among the first words that fall from
a child's tongue ; the first idea that dawns
upon the raiud ; the first and most lasting tie
iu whioh affection can bind the heart of man.
Absence cannot chill a mother's love, nor vice
destroy a mother's kindness.
Lived it Down. An honest blacksmith was
once grossly insulted, and his character infa
mously defamed. Friends advised him to seek
redress by means of law, but to one and all he
replied: "No; I will go to my forge, and there
in six months I shall have worked out such a
character, euoh a name as all the judges, law
courts and lawjera in the world could never
give me." He was right. It ia by honest
labor, manly courage, and a conscience void of
offense, that we assert onr true dignity, and
prove oar honesty and respectability.
" Mi dear," said a rural wife to her hus
band, on his return from town, " what was tbe
sweetest thing you saw in bonnet in the city?"
The ladies' faces, my love."
Honest and courageous people have very
Utile to lay about either their courage or their
honesty. The sun baa no need to boast of hi
brightness, nor the moon of her effulgence.
Yoityq Folks' CoLilpfi.
Children and Their Homes.
Children, yon all love your homes; I take
tbat for granted, that is, if that home is at all
loveable. Now what do you do to make that
home pleasant? Children are too apt to regard
the keeping of a home as a dnty inoumbent
upon their parents, without realizing tbat they
have as much to do with its formation almost
as the parents themselves.
Home is not perfect without the help of every
member of the household It has been beauti
fully likened to a harp if all the strings are
attuned in barmony sweet melody is the result;
but if one is out of tune it jars harsh discord
upon the senses. The parents' duty is to fur
nish a home where the comforts of the body
are provided; where tbe mind is educated and
the soul is trained and guided by pure teacb
logs and holy example. The children's duty is
to rtspond to the efforts of their parents to
echo, as it were, the attention and affection
shown ihem.
Do tbe wee ones', whose little hands are too
tiny to more than pluck the blossoms by tbe
wayside, remember tbat they can learn to help
keep home tidy by picking np the little
ihin&s that will Ret strewn about? Whose
hands so gentle in toothing away mamma's
neaducne or papa s trown, hs tne lit lo one mat
knows not its own strength?,-The little boy
and gill can do m iny little tasks deftly for
boys, it is no lessening of dignity,to learn to be
handy about the house and help mother in her
numerous household tssks. The manliest
man I ever kmw personally, takes laughing
nride in his knowledge of bouse work, sained
when he was a (boy, the help of a mother who
boasted of five boys younger than himself.
Then do not hesitate to engage in the many
duties that await you in tbe home; and girls,
save your mothers every step you can. Be
light of heart and quick of foot, that your
presence may bring real heart sunshine into
tbe home circle. Be true daughters, true sis
ters, making all who enter tbat home circle love
aud rely upon you. Do not be afraid of work,
lest you brown or harden jour bands; do not
cast upon your mother a tak because "she can
do it quicker," or yon "are just going out for
a little walk." It is she who needs the respite
most; it is you who cm give it her.
Home is not a rose lined paradise, where all
can sit aud sing sweet melodies, unruffled by a
cloud of care. Home is a place to love in and
a place to labor in. The tasty rooms will grow
unlovely, the ornaments will gather dust, and
the myriad duties of home life will become dis
tasteful and monotonous unless there is an
earnest spirit that gives you courage to eo on.
day after day, with these same unchanging
tasks. That courage comes from a higher love
than love of self aud when the right love fills
tbe heart, the commonest tasks become glori
fied and invested with a beaaty we never saw
before .
Thn remember, girls and boys, to do your
part toward making a home. It is a duty that
rests upon each one of you, and unless you ful
fil it conscientiously you will lose many
moments of rapture and will rob the future of
many pleasant and joyous memories, and also
tbe consciousness of having done right.
Young Folks' Monthly.
A Word for the Boys.
Commodore Farragut at Ten.
The late Commodore Farragut, who served
his country so well and so bravely during the
late war, and who stood at the head of tbe
United States navy, used to tell us the following
story of his experience when but a boy of ten:
Would you like to know how I became
what I am ? It was all owing to a resolution I
formed when I was a bov but ten years of age.
My father was sent down to New Orleans with
tne little navy we then had, to look after tbe
treason of Burr. I accompanied him as cabin
boy. I had some qualities tbat I thought made
a man of me. I could swear like an old salt;
could dtink as stift a glass of groa; as if I had
doubled (Jape Horn, and could smoke like a
locomotive. I was great at cards, and fond of
gambling in every shape. At the close of the
dinuer, one day, my father turned everybody
out of the cabin, locked the door, and said
to me:
"David, what do you mean to be ?" I
"I mean to follow the sea." '
"Follow the sea 1 Yes, be a poor, miserable, I
drunken sailor before the mast, kicked and
cuffed about the world, and die in some fever
hospital in a foreign clime."
"No," I said, "I'll tread the quarter-deok,
and command, a3 you do."
"No, David; no boy ever tread the quarter
deck with such principles as you have, and
such habits as you exhibit. You'll have to
change your whole course of life, if you ever
become a man."
My father left me and went on deck.
I was stunned by the rebuke, and over
whelmed with mortification. "A poor, miser
able, drunken sailor before the mast, kicked
and cuffed about the world, and die in some
fever hospital 1"
"That's my fate, is it ? I'll change my life,
and change it at once. I will never drink an
other drop of intoxicating liquor; I will never
gamble." And, as God is my witness, I have
kept those three vows to this hour.
A New Papeb Peooess. It is said that, by a
new process recently patented by Eastern par
ties, it is proposed to manufacture wrapping
papers out of green grass or hay. The inventor
claims that if grass is used, he can make good
paper without cooking the materia, and the
natural color of such paper will be dark brown
suitable for hardware trade, etc. By this
prooess he claims a saving of five dollars per
ton, in fuel alone. If hay is used, it will have
to be cooked, and we infer the cost will be about
the same as for straw paper,
A seen votted servant girl in Troy told the
milkman the other day that he gave his cows
too much salt. " How do you know that? "
said the lactealist " Sure I kin tell be the
milk that they drink too muoh water entirely,"
said tbe girl. The milkman drove off in a
hurry.
It is a fact, peihaps not generally known,
that any acknowledgment by a oouple of pro
per age that thv take noon thnmnlY tv, .
eponsibilities of man and wife, made publicly
or before two or more competent witnesses,
and subsequently dnly recorded, is a legal mar-
"They say a woman can't keep a secret,"
remarked a Division airt vnman t.. a.-.
band, " but Martha J ones told me in oonfi.
dence last night that she is to be married aoon.
and I haven't even told you."
Why do neonle call far nlu. f .'.I-- --i
did anybody ever hear of one eaJlino 'far.
whole one ?
We can never surprise Nature in a corner;
never And the end of a thread ; never tell where
to set the first stone. Zftnerjon's ssays.
' UseUl lf,fOrfAT,ON'
Rising in the World.
Experience continually contradicts the no
tion that a poor young man cannot rise. If we
look over the list of rich men we find that
nearlv all of them began life worth little or
nothing. To any person familiar with the mil
lionaires of the United States a score of exam
ples will occur. On the other band the' sons of
rich men, who began life with the capital which
so many poor young mn covet, frequently die
beggars. It would probably not be going too
far to say tbat a large majority of fcuch mon
eyed individuals either fail outright or gradu
ally eat up the capital with which they com
menced their career.
And the reason is plain. Brought up in ex
pensive habits, they spend entirely too much.
Educated with high notions of personal im
portance, they will not, as they phrase it, stoop
to bard work. Is it astonishing, therefore, that
they are passed in tbe race of life by others
with less capital originally, but more energy,
thrift, and industry? For these virtues, after
all, are worth more than money. They make
money, in fact. Nay, after it is made, they
enable tbe possessor to keep it, which most
rich men pronounce to be more difficult than
the making. The young man who begins life
witb a resolution always to lay by part of his
income is sure, even without extraordinary
ability, gradually to acquire a sufficiency,
especially as habits of eo nomy, whioh the res
olution renders necessary, will make that a
competence for him whioh would be quite in
sufficient for an extravagant person. It is
really what we save, more than what we make,
which leads us to fortune, He wno enlarges
bis expenses as fast as bis earnings iutrase
must always be poor, no matter what hi abili
ties. And content may be had on compara
tively little. It is not in luxurious living that
men find real happiness. Scientific American.
Sbabfeninq Edoe Tools. The grindstone
should not be less than two feet or eighteen
inches in diameter. It should revolve to meet
the tool (except when grinding very fine or del
icate tools). In grinding a chisel for instance,
it should be held firmly on the stone without
moving, until a slight wire edge is felt ou the
other side, which may easily be told by pass
ing the thumb over the opposite Bide to tbat
which Is being ground. When this is felt, turn
the chisel over and prooeed in tbe same manner
until tne wire edge is transferred to the oppo
site side. It should now be whetted on an
oilstone, taking care not to hold the ool too
upright, or it will do more harm than good. It
Bbould be whetted first on one side, then on the
other until the wire edge appears off; now take
a piece of deal, free from grit, and draw the
edge of the tool across the grain; if it has been
properly whetted the wire edge will tow be
properly removed. Gouges are only ground
on their convex surfaces. They Bhonld be
ground until a wire edge can be felt by passing
the finger along the inside of the gouge. This
can be removed witb tbe oilstone and deal.
While grinding gouges they should be con
stantly turned from right to left, or the edge
will be full of notches. Tools for soft wood
Bhonld have a long bevel edge to make them
cut keen. About a half-inch bevel is best.
Am. Cabinet Maker.
A "Dozen" in the Potteby Tbade. As the
derivation from tbe French douzaine implies,
it is generally presumed that a dozen implies
twelve things, but in the Staffordshire potteries
and in the earthenware trade (queensware in
Philadelphia, crockery in other places) a dozen
to this day represents that number of any
special article whioh can be offered at a 'fixed
price. That is, tbe price is fixed and the num
ber to tbe dozen varies. For instance, the
pitchers, which are called "hies" in the trade.
are sold as 2, 3, 4, C, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 pieces
to each dozen, the price for a dozen being con
stant. The ordinary pitcher, holding a quart,
is a twelve, or twelve to the dozen, while a pint
pitcher is twenty-four to the dozen, and is so
called when dealing in that size. Few of the
articles of the trade are sold in dozens of
twelve, plates being almost the only ones, and
some of them are sold at sixty to the dozen.
Besides these curiosities in figures, the potters
have peculiar names muffins, twiflers, etc
tbat make up a trade language of themselves.
The quantities for dozens are, we think, yet
preserved in the wholesale, or package trade.
Condensed Beeb How Made. Mr. Look
wood describes, in the Journal of the Society of
Arts, his patent solid or condensed beer. Beer
is taken at its best condition; its alcohol is
separated and saved by a method of gentle
distillation in vacuo, and the residue is con
densed in a vacuum pan, like milk; when
finished, it is enclosed in hermetically sealed
packages, the alcohol first being added to it
again, and acting as a preservative. The fer
mentation, which was present in the beer when
it was taken, is suspended by tbe heating, and
the oondensed beer remains sound in this con
dition, apparently for any length of time, as
some exists that has now been kept for nearly
two years. When re-made by adding water, it
is not wort, but real beer, having all its flavor
and alcoholio strength, and lacking only effer
vescence, which can be quickly imparted by
reviving the suspended fermentation for a
short time in order to develop sufficient car
bonic acid gas to give it the teqnired briskness;
or it is fit to drink immediately, if charged with
carbonic acid gas, like (erated water.
Utilizing Cindeb Fixes. Quite a business
hag sprung np at various points in the oountry
in the working of the cinder piles of blast fur
naces. For several years iron made in a cupola
from cinder piles has been in use in Pittsburg,
and we believe other localities, and is known
as Buckeye iron. It is very close, but gives
good results in the puddling furnace, espe
cially in mixtures with red short irons. Iron is
being made on this plan at Cleveland, at Indi
anapolis, at Chicago and Cincinnati, and we
understand in various other places. There is
a vast amount of such waste in all onr iron
smelting districts; many thousands of tons
have been used to fill up bogs and hollows,
and to make roads, but the amount yet within
easy reach is still immense.
SoMETHiNa New rs Piano Oonstbuction.
A German tailor at Des Moines has invented a
curious sort of piano, tbe hammer of which
strikes bells instead of strings. There are in
this piano sixty-six bells, varying from two
inches to thirteen inches in diameter, all so
adjusted that each bell shall give its perfect
tone in response to tbe touch of the performer's
hand on the key. hoard.
Pulmonic Candles. There are now manu
factured in England, candles containing in
their substance some of those gum resins and
balsams, especially benzoin and storax. which
have been found useful in chronic pulmonary
and allied maladies. These "pulmonio can
dlea yield, on combustion, a pleasing fra
grance, and at the same time give a good light.
Mtf?BIrTo rwa nk taini from white
marble, make a paste with a little chloride of
lime and water, and rub it into the stains;
afterward sponge with aoap and water.
A