Willamette farmer., February 25, 1876, Image 1

matm?.
$3.00 per Year.
For the Wllhraclto Farmoc.l
ORCHARDS-NO 3.
You ask mo for .another article on or
chards from tho graft or bud to planting
nnd cultivating, &c.
In complying withyour requestletme
promise that I do it out of a desire and
duty to add my mito of experience to
dovclopo horticultuTo in Oregon, No
theory, but practice I shall give, asonl j
such (practice) experienced in "Oregn n
can teach us w hat and how to dn aboi it
orchards in Oregon, We eanndtpattci .-n
after others; Indiana could plant 11' se
Ohio; Illinois like Indiana; but we : ire
here, connected with no other St? ite,
with a climate of our own, and altogeth
er wo are thrown upon 'tur wn
trials and failures and, successes and
experiences, therefore we should 1 isive
through the Faiimkr tho oxporio aces
of many of our pioneer orchard Jsts,
many of whom livo around Salem, :tnd
well do I remember, if thoy do not,
-when some twenty years ago 1 vi ilted
their orchards, carefully boxing the
golden fruit, yco golden at one ea; rle a
Dushel, for a firm in Portland, with
pleasure do I recollect their-ho&pit nlity
and kindness, Jind long has the n jtion
haunted me, and I have some l lotes
prepared to -write " Recollection s of
Orchardhts and orchards of Or sgon
twenty years ago " as a chapter ol' tho
pioneer history of Oregon. We'll eo.
In giving this treatise some things
already said in my former articles i oust
necessarily be repeated here for the
eako of connection. JI will firat speak
"nSof, paritfnfe'l:bliQ8"andtinfmak,
Jng the trees.
I-OCAMION AZTDSOIL.
In starting a new orchard -pelecfc as
near as may 'be a north onnortlust
slope; these are generally richer and
less liable to dry to badly or bum the
fruit, and above all diy. A belt of
timber on the east side is a great pro
jector against late sprinjr frost by keep
ing the early Min from the frozen buds.
The better theail, tho better tho trees
grow, yet I find a good tillable scil bet
ter for sound and durable apple trees
than loose bottom land. Such land as
we have plentiful in ourVern hills, on
the dry prairies, and on the hills of
"Polk county, I should judge to be flrst--ratejbr
this purpose. Are they? Who
will tell us his experience of ti.em?
Wh it orchards I saw there were all on
flat Innds, and these at tho foot ofthills
arc-t Iwaya cold and springy and runt
for ti es.
A.v jid wot land, low places, or sinks;
these though dry are unsuited for trees. ;
If you must plant inwet or dead level
lanfl throw up a ridge and plant tho
trees o a it, not in it, aud keep an open
furraw In the middle bo t ween tho row s
to carry olf the water. I have seen two
or tlnee euch orchards do very well but
they -wlll'i not make lasting trees.
In jirer firing the ground for setting,
deep plowing and well harrowing are
very essenlinl; and to do .this in fall or'
arly spring we always plant by stakes'
to get the r Ws straight, but tho ground
can bo laid off with the plow, drawing
four furrows in a place, so as to mate a
ditch almost deep enongh to plant and
no save labor. While the planting is
going on if on a sunny day, throw some
arth over tho roots of the trees and
carry but few a.'ong. AH broken roote
must be cut away and smooth all root
eat by tho spade. Leave all the bound
roots, spade them evenly, the longest
against the prevailing winds and a lit
tle deeper than thoy were in tho nurse
ry. Tiio tops snouia always ue cm
Lack in projortiou to the rooto. If
these are cut much, so cut tho top; if
tho roots aro all thero, leave the top
larger, yot all draggling Jimbs imit be
cut out ontlrelyand the oMiera shorten
ed to form tho .shape, ana by trans
planting the gro'vth'is disturbed, bo wo
inust prune, tho top so ns act to ovor-
A STour-Page
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r-3
SALEM,
ask tho roots at tho stafi. After the
roots aTc spread out like stated, fill in
between carefully with Hry earth and
press very tight and then fill up consi
derable higher than necessary. If tho
planting is done in the fall, this will
prevent tho water standing or nettling
around tho tree. If late in the spring
make a basin around tho tioo to collect,;
the ruin; in this case (lato in spring) tho
jjrouml should be welt tramped about
tho tiee after tho hole is neaily filled
up, then fill with loose dirt; if tho
ground is wot at time of planting do
not'tramp it at all. two-year-old trees
are always thought best for sotting;
thrifty one-year-olds are nearly as
good, cost less, are ensior planted, and
soon catch up. Older than two-yoir
trees aro of no advantage to'plant as it
takes them so long to recruit that the
younger ones surpass them.
DISTANVK.
Tho old space of sixteen feet will
do for general purposes yet twenty feet
would be Iiettcr. Were 1 to Hit out an
apple orchard for drying fruit only, I
would plant only Gato and Wine Sap
for their hardiness nnd large regular
crops; and these I would plant twenty
five feet apart as they make large
heads and grow for many years. Cher
ry tiees require at least twenty feet,
nlso pears except Bartlett aud b'eckol"
Quince will do with twelve feet.
Plum trees at sixteen feet will do
for almost all varieties. So far thoy
have not made veiy largo trees owing
JtlLthqJrayboarjn
qtient nSTOShW'-stiorterfingin the
limbs to keep til e trees from splitting
to pieces. Peach trees, sixteen feet is
enough.
In regard to distance in general
whero land is plenty, not having to bo
cleared, I would recommend twenty
feet for all trees, or twenty-five would
bo still better. Settinjr them at etiual
spaces the cultivation ib easier.
In my next I will speak of pruning
and cultivating tho oicbtird.
IIkniiy Mr.Li.Eit, Portland.
About Hedge Plants.
Sr:ELSGrirLD, Or., Feb'y, 11, 1S7G.
Ed. Willamette jjaumeu : I boo
in your paper of Feb'y 11, irom Chas.
F. I-ggert, inquiry if any person had
tried the Osage Orango hedge in this
climate, and how it succeeded. I have
seen beveal total failures in this coun
try in trying to get Osago Orango
hedges, and I am of opinion it will not
do well litre; it may with a great deal
of labor and expense be made to make
hedge enough to loso crops under. I
have been thinking seriously for somo
time of trjjing hedges on my farm in
tho river bottom wheie it Is subject to
overflow, but was not willing to try
CKige Orange on account of the failures
t have seen here. But of lato I have
seen the advertisement of the celebrat
ed Pyracanlh hedge plant, by T. II.
MjcGowea, of the Magnolia Nursery,
Magnolia, Mississippi. And if Mr.
EjiJert, or any of his neighbors, wish
to put out hedges, it might be to their
Intnrests tn correspond with Mr. Mc-
Goven. He will seDd them a pamph
let with full description and directions,
mad price list, tc They can see tho
advertisement in the Jiaptlst, publish
ed in Memphis, Tennessee. If you
think t Uhs of interest enough to the far
mere to Jiavo a place in I ho Fakmeb,
plcafao let thorn hae it.
M. II. Jf AltLOW.
Prom Mr. t P. JiurUmrt, o-jo oftbocet -tsnliml
wnulissloner", tun J)a,Vcrat learnt,
lb it Mr. Joh'i Hob ou. of Ills Von county.
iida jircj'aifcil ii uuiidlri of hIIiil,Vk lorlue
I contfliiiijnl, Iiall" or utjleli urn 10" jnrben In
vlrttli nni hall 0 inwict. 'ilii-ite (-IiIukIis
tte njitUL iroui a vlirti c mm) tiep i 'jbi uoii
1 lip III tin iHUip 'r'IIIIll WhHrM Lfl'HIMl
! OlfrM', Ibo ficji.oi rt, ni.innml in 'tVo, mi
( limtirrctiL il 'J Uojiuunt, vx M lli h
tum lico, iir. jou m nut (i(if znntu
nuinxlu', lur whloli Ihj Kr't ?3r M a.id fib
ooitls of wood. 'Uiw vj iiiubul a IuoWo
tro. both fur lie bl.!oiwl asbcclttloas a.-,rf
fur .liiu It brought Ja oib'ke:
Srapplcxtteni; ith tH
r. rAns
zJU -Mj
OREGON, FEBRUARY
From YamhilKCounty.
North YAMiiiLt, Feb. 15, 1873.
Ed. FAititr.n: There is but little
passing in this part that would seem to
l.e worth troubling tho printer with.
Tho long continued rains havo caused
much disappointment among farmers,
as much co as did the early rains in tho
full. Tlie one caused a sudden discon
tinuance of tho fall seeding, tho other
has about done away with any hopes of
sowing grain iu thefpreent month,
which was much counted on by many
of our 'iarmprs. The prospect is not
now nattering lor good weather soon,
anil the result will be a necessity for a
geneial exertion of every effort, wlion
good weather does come, that tho
spring crop may bo got in in proper
season to ensure good returns. Fall
grain looks fine, neitlior frost nor long
continued wet weather having done
it the least apparent injury. If the ex
tensive preparations for spring seeding
is permitted to be carried outtheio will
be a largo increnso in our export grain
the coming season.
In viewof tho probable low piico of
grain tho coming season I learn that
quite an increase is to bo made in tho
warehouso storage capacity at North
Yamhill station. Messrs. Smith &
McConncll will extend their building
for tho purpose of storing in bulk, with
bins, elevators, &c.
L-ist year owing tp the satisfactory
ii'i fiTiiirfiri mi ffmin nil cr ir if u.c
ii aa
but
rim
coming tall', there -will Be calrfor room,-
tofetore a fcirgo amount of our grain'
without tho expense of sacking. I
presume it is owing to this probability
that tho gentlemen named propose to
extend thetr facilities forstorrge, that
they may compete moro successfully
with tho grange warehouse, which has
aireaciy a caimcuy lor storing tomo
thirty thous-ind bushels of loose grain.
Thcio is a littlo bit of history connect
ed with tho warehouse business at tiiis
place that is somewhat significant and
perhaps worth reciting. About threo
years ago Mr. Smith built a small ware
house and passed our grain without
competition at tho rate of four cents
per bushel. Tho farmers believing this
to be too high, after offering to buy out
tho building, and being refused the
privilege, unless they would pay a large
pioflt ou tho first cost, decided to erect J
one of their own, which thoy did, nnd
opened it for business at less than two
and one-half cents per pushel. It was
not, however, ready to receive grain
until almost tho close of harvest, and
tho other houso had alieady secured
the bulk of tho grain. They reduced
thoir charges to three conts per bushel.
The farmers' house, on tho very binall
business done that year,reallzed nearly
fifteen per cent, on tho investment,
after paying all expenses. Last year
Mr. Smith reduced tho rato to one mid
n half cents pei bushel, and tho fact
that more monoy is to be expended in
the enterprise already begun, is ample
proof that- this is considered to bo a pay
ing rate. Tho farmors' warehouso was
built exclusively by members of tho
grange. Aud I atsert that tho build
ing of it has been tho direct means of
reducing charges from four cent? to ono
and one-half cents or bushel, and
think I nm not to be contradicted.
There is no probability whatevor that
there would have been tho slightest
reduction in price had not a competi
tion arisen under a managemont that
no ono dares to approach with any of
tho trades nnd compromises that aro so
common throught our conntry, where
by monopolies and and Impositions aro
aio so titroniry maintained. Tho
grange organization is battling against
Imposition throughout tho whole coun
try, and it hits become a fact irenoraliv
admitted that much Is being done by
it both directly and indirectly towards
tho bettering of the condition of what
is usually termed the labeling clashes,
and that too without unjustly Interfer
ing with tho avocations in life that aro
cousldered less menial tlwn our own.
D. 0. ti.
rrn-t -WMVtStilSUUBUiSUUi
Mariner tiiis Week.
m
25, 1876.
Letter from Sheridan.
En. Faiuher-: I have been taking
your valuable papor for raoio than two
years nnd havo read it with inteicst.
I think it is ono of thq best papors I
over read and I am not going to find
fault with it because I havo not read in
its columns anything about our littlo
town. Sheridan is located on tho
north bank of the Soutli Yamhill river,
fifteen miles abovo McMinnvillo, and
is ono of tho most business little places
in tho Willametto valley. It has two
dry goods stores, ono drug store, two
blacksmith shops, two boot shops, ono
wagon shop, ono harnoss shop, and a
meat m irkot; eighteen . or twenty
dwelling houses aro occupied by good
citizens. Sheridan Academy is located
in tho villago of Sheridan on the
South Yamhill river. Tho building is
now, beautiful and healthful Jn situa
tion, commodious in structure, and
centrally located to meet thowwants of
a largo community. The school rooms
aro large, well lighted and neatly fur
nished. Sheridan is, surrounded by
somo of tho best farming landjn tho
State. ,
Tho farmors in this vicinity dkljnot
get much wheat sowed last fall, owing
to so much rain. Thoy are making
preparation for a Inrgq spring croprs
Asl have undertaken, sto writIrnust
not forget ShoridanGrango.,$.'Beng a
member of tho Order." t" fool rsoa&whut
interested In ivelfare.Ot'grango
nua y'B"",'V'wr-l?(WMMBK7Itl.S
Vboeu. a
-W0 to thje, present timcIt la in mod
. - i
working order; wo mo not veiy fa-st
Workers, hut what wo do, wo aim to do
In a business form. Wo have two
meetings each month, and havo a
splendid hall to meet in.
At a legular meeting in Decombor
io, mo ionowing persons were duly
elected to till their respective nllheft
and were installed at the first regular
meeting in January by Woi thy Master
Win. Savage: T. 13. Bow ley, Muster;
II. W. Lamson, O; S. C. Foster, Loc;
Jos. Blown, S.; Jus. Millsaps, A. S.;
W. G. Lady, Chaplain; Win. Chapman,
Treas.; F. E. Fristo, Sec; Win. Taney,
G. K.: Mis. J. Enslev. C: Mrs. Ellon
Morgan, F.; Mrs. Taney, P.; Miss El-
sacia Taney, U. A. fcj.
A GKANaint.
The abovo is soundnubtcdly genuine
that we publish it against our rules,
though the writer forgot to put Iifi
name to the accompanying letter.
Concspoudents must give their names
without fail.
The Best Hoge.
Ed. FAUMnn: In the FAi'Jiratof the 10th
inst. I fito a letter from J. It. T. on lui ex
perience in raising hnn, the bcixt breed, Ao,
Ho says he bought a Mgto liog or which
bo paid $17.50; home of hi neighbors thoiU'.ht
that high. Wei, lu the nil miner ot 1871 1
imported a pair of Magle pigs Iruin Ohio at u
oast of ono hundred dbllars, som said I
was toollsh; some said I would never getmy
money back, ko. Well, uiy hogs will be
two years old on the first diy of April next;
the sow has had two llttrs of plgi, 1G In All,
and will havo the third litter In a few dayx.
I havo sold thus for eleven ultia, and the
m )iiey I received for thorn was $J20, or
twenty dollars a piece, and 1 have lonr mabj
pigs loft. I also, like J. It. T bad a OueaUir
how, full blood. I tried tho crout; it did
well, but I am of tho opinion u o-issuf the
Magieaud Uurkabiro is the het siihiv luy
Ohio frieuds. As lor tint Cheiier Whiter, I
hvb lkni Hiicu a dislike to thoiu that 1
have no iiS'j lor tbem, cro'j or no cr.iH
Mylri'nds in the Untl wriio ino, "(Jo slow
aud rest easy, lur tuert) la no hog that's up
with (he Mhi:Io." Further this doi onoui.
knows uothlug more on the hog.
i; h. DlilAHIIMUTT.
Salt Creek, Polk Co., Fob. aj, 170.
Namkh or thi. 1OoT ft is Iwarnod by pri
vate letter iroui 'Jillsuicrik lliat tho ill fated
sloop uIiIlLi now lits wroi kod on ('luiop
beach, sjlied irom Ihu foruicr ylacoTuOidax,
Feb. 8lh, at 12:10 o'clcik 1'. M , with u full
cargo rmJ MX phssniers on Iu.trd, Tlio
namhs of thoieon uoard lliOHlooiif.ro: In
dian George, pilut; t'spt. V, in, T.irvtllllyor,
mauler oud owntrj n old man iiuinni
Ifctlltiy, Hnid about UO jm itiuUard Hall,
ngbd uhout bO juris Juiim Fnriit, S-Uyceis
old, and Jonplj Centiu, (ho peivai who
built thoMoop. There can no Imigericmalu
a doubt e lo tho fate of thew persons,
i wriimfimfmniftin i iiin,-","
Volumo Y1II Numl)or 2.
From Union County.
Covk, Union, Co., Ob , Feb. 0, 18".).
Editor Farmku: Believing that It l no
crime to write a short letter for tho farmors'
on paper, I herewith make my first ven
ture in writing a newBpapnr.
First about the Grango. Our (that In) Covo
Grange Xo. 123, ha a membership of 70, and
wo aro taking In new members all the time.
The Grango has beona great benefit to Itsmem
bers socially an peranlaraly jw o get our griurt
Ior donoagrrat deal oheapor than we did
b"foro tho organization of tho Grange. Last
fall tho farmers oombiaed for a higher prica
tor our oU, barley aud wheat, and we got
VA cents for oats and barley Instead of 1 cent
as tho morchauts wanted as to take, and as'
some of thorn tried to make us take. Wo
hnro discussion? la our sm"Ei on various'
Miblorta onnewtod with tho farm, Ihosa dis
cuviioiiH have au liiilmnoo towards teaching
tliii f umorrt to think more, aud express tbero
klii.ia bettor, than formorly, but the biggest
thing In the principle of tho grange Is teach
ing the f.irmors to got out of debt and stay
out, and I am gliul to bo nlilo to say that tho
farmora of tills valloy aro nearor out of bebt
thin thoy have lx-on for years, the Grange Is
a great friend ol education, aud believing;
that nowfcp ipMs aro tho groalcn educators ot
the pcoplo, I hauibeon trjlng lo get sub-sub-jotlbers
for the Faiimeb, 1 hvo got ono
cihu subscriber but I think 1 can get moro
In a low day.
IIih larmers of this valley aro making
preparations for a largo orop this coming
season, the lai uiers of thin county have the
plum treo fover bad. If the money woroiu
tho Imnds of the farmers to buy plum tiee,
California and Oregon could uot supply the
demand. , ,
Gtande Itoude Valley U a number ono
fruit country, plums; pear, apples, nnd Vl
tbe-smatt frutcs gmyna-pemSttm njrftf !
mM, oetf Pfi. ? ol det frnl trwtf la t
this cuuUt.VTiiTWinit-l yri5'ticLl
navo not failed to produce a lull ciop every
yeAr, in that length of time.
The price lor Gra'i.d Rondo fruit tho past
season, for green apples, pears and plums
was three for au i 11 vo cents per lb, rospeo
liteJy. Chinook is the iriiillng wind hero
lion, time is nbout one inuh ol trnt in, tho
ground, 'Ills Iiun lufn a npUimll.1 winter
HtiHik look line, a good dtial tit hay will be
carried through, for next vdntm'.
If this is not isoiiNlgiMid to' Uio wAsto basket,
tho wilttr may Knock aiulu.
OHIO IX'KHtSLtY.
Lottor from Wisconsin.
Kditoj; lLLAMi.riK KAUMhit. Em loacd I
solid jou lummy to oouliiiuo my subscrip
tion to your limit uluuOle pnpur. I liope to
the timo will toon ooino when I shall bo
rtMa to sou you and efcltlo some where around
ycu, In .Mi.rioii counlj. I am an oxtenslvo
bto-k(H)or, and laruier, and I long lo seo
oui State l.iru (Hruiannut lioine. 1 sliould
he fliid to im from lime to tliiiu tn llit
FAiiMiiKsomo lu itiis ou bee-keeping, vu;
the reourur ot honey, your most valuable
tiMis aud llovi oih, I ho honey market at pres
ent and llioluiuru prospect, the average pro
duct er bite, the duration of the ho'ey son
son, oto. I should lie glad if somo one would
answer thnsu (pis-itions thiougu the 1'AIOIKH,
Tlioy may be of great Interest to me when I
come to select u placn lu your Htato. In read
ing the Fahmisk I seo no allusion lo your
singing birds, and should think you had
none, which would ho sad indeed, as thoy
aro some of thooomfurts of farm lite.
1 have tried to get a map hereof Oregon, or
of the Willamette valloy, dlildfd in coun
ties, a colored one, like wo woof other States,
hut cannot find ono. If any such imp is
wild In Halnm. nleaie lot mo know the nrlce.
If Ihsro is a map of Marion county, I would
be pleaded to ha o one. I am only waiting
uow tn i-eii out, prupira'ory to enih'ratltig to
your faorod M'atc, and many others here
aih prepurin for the naiuo deHtlnatlon.
Last ivlutr was tho ssvoro't ever toon
bore, utid this one by far the mildest.
.lOSFl'lt DUI'KM.KIl,
WeiiiUCk, Hrown Co , Wis.
.Votk Wu Invito answers to tho ques
tions proposed by Mr. DulTelor, which wo
will publish lu tho Faumisr.
Ckntknniai. SiArisaios. Our Itepublio
couilnencod in 177(1, 100iarsugo, with thlr.
teen Htates and 815,015 Mjiiiirn iiiIIom of terri
tr.ry, which was nivuplod by about 3,000 000
of .,lvlliid iiiiiniin bdlnuH. It has now a
population of KSuiOlUO, who nvupr ililrly.
sf mi U nips nnd uliifi 'I'linlloilt-H. which om
br.ice oyer J 0(p(l O'J'J of cuiiarii iriilo-t. It hen
l,0'H) ruilen ni ralr.ii-, morn thvi sulll
clent to rtach twli'.i sun a h.ilf nround tho
flvl o. 'I I'ii viilitMnf I s niinu'il giioiiltural
proiliir-tioim ii "ii ".OO.fflO ( 00 ; ps cold iuiiiih
iro (.ijMbio nt producing IOinI.vCO n jour.
It bus over l.ilOO cotton lai torh-s, .VO dailv
noAspipors, 4,SC0 tveoltitoo, und 0J3 monthly
publla4tlous.
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