Willamette farmer., February 18, 1876, Page 7, Image 7

QtSWJtWtPtXJWH1"
,?i
WILLAMETTE FARMER.
. i
ta t.-Vl
t i
r ti
Iron in Architecture.
When iron fronts were first introduced it was
strenuously asserted by some that expansion
and contraction would dislocate tbe joints and
render a building unsafe. An examination of
any of the numerous ca9t iron structures which,
for a number of yeern, have been exposed to
every change of atmospherio temperature with
out, and to the heat of steam boilers, etc.,
within, will show everything unchanged.
Events have also proven in the cases of burning
cf storehouses, filled with combustible goods,
that cast iron fronts are absolutely fire proof,
and will neither warp nor crack, nor fall down,
unless the entire building fills, pulling the
front with it. Only let it be remembered that,
in addition to a high and intense heat, the use
of a blast is required to reduce cast iron to a
molten state, and the ability of iron fronts to
stand heat will be readily understood. Iron
fronts have stood erect in cases where the side
trick walls were entirely thrown down and de
molished by the elements.
A front of iron is usually laid down and
fitted together complete in tbe manufactory
previous to erection at the building. It can be
transported to any distance to the place of erec
tion and put together with wonderful rapidity,
and at all seasons of the year. It takes up less
-space than any other material, and so enlarges
the interior of the building When it becomes
-desirable to tear down tbe building itself, to
make way for other improvements, the iron
front may be taken to pieces, without injury to
any of its parts, and be re-eiected el ewhere
with the came perfection as at first. Instead
f destruction there need be a removal only.
Iron has in its favor unequalled advantages
of ornament, strength, lightness of structure,
facility of erection, durability, economy, in
combustibility and ready renovation.
Much has been said against iron from mis
conception. It is exceedingly difficult in the
minds of most writers and talkers who use
sweeping denunciations and citations against
iron, to separate wrought iron and cast iron in
their respective endurances against weather.
Wrought iron rapidly oxidizes when exposed to
the atmosphere, and: goes to decay. Cast iron,
on the contrary, slowly oxidizes in damp situa
tions; rust does not scale from it, and the oxi
idation , when formed, is of a much less dan
gerous kind than on wrought iron. A coating
of paint will counteract whatever tendency cast
iron has to rust when exposed.
Whatever has been done in iron xihich de
serves censure from critics, can be remedied.
Let it not be forgotten that the material is not
at fault but tbe workmanship. Iron can be
made to imitate anything pertectly. Men who
have said the most against iron hive been they
who knew the least about it. Arguments have
been made that iron is a sham, but a stone
building is a greater sham, be.ause it leads one
to believe that it is all stone, when in fact it is
usually nothiDg but a veneer set up against a
brick wall.
When the public become thoroughly ac
quainted with the advantages iron possesses as
building material, it is confidently predicted
that for superior buildings of all kinds, it will
receive a general preference to granite, marble,
.sandstone or brick Condensed from Iron Age.
Painting Iron Fronts.
A great deal has been written about the color
to paint iron work. Iron being a material
which requires a coating of lead and uil, It is
proper to give it any color that good taste may
suggest. The color will often be regulated by
the color and hue of adjoining buildings or
other surroundings. Because marble is white
or sandstone bron, the painting of iron work
in these colors must not be prohibited. What
is to be condemned is the graining of iron in
imitation of marble and sanding in imitation of
stone. Tints and colors and gilding produce
rich and sparkling effects, but great care aud
exceeding good taste must be exercised or fail
ure will be the result. The best pigments must
be used, or tbe colors, exposed to the air and
sun, will fade rapidly aud the best do fade
and leave the front shabby. Wherever practi
cable, iron work should be painted inside and
out, without delay. Particular care in this
respect should be given to all parts put to
gether in pieces, as cornices, trusses, etc.
These should have their joints well painted be
fore being bolted or riveted together. Fainting
on the inside, however, applies only to the
shell parts. Columns cannot be painted on
the inside, nor do they need it. Column stands
over column with an intervening plate; the
very construction makes of tbe inside of a
column an almost air-tight chamber, where the
air is always dry and always of one tempera
ture. No oxidation takes place under these con
ditions, and so no paint is necessary. The in
side of a colnmn is covered with a coating of
foundry sand, which clings to it for ages. On
the shell work, when the paint has fairly
reached every crevice, these parts, too, become
air-tight, and paint only becomes requisite on
the outside, and to brighten up the color. In
applying ornaments, such as leaves of capitals,
tc, not only should tbe ornaments themselves
be first thoroughly painted, but the screws
which fasten the ornament to the main work
should be dipped in paint as well. After drill
ing a hole in iron, the burs around the hole
should always be filed away, so that no streaks
of rust from rain water down the face of the
building will tell of carelessness in this respect.
A lack of care in such little matters often
.causes the greatest annoyance, and has been
the chief reason why iron fronts have had to
be painted more often during the ensuing few
years of their erection than afterward. Some
fronts in a dark color have only been painted
for intervals of five years durmg the past
twenty years, and previous to that did not
average more than once in two years. For the
first coating of iron nothing is superior to oxide
of iron mixed with oil, or what is known as
metallic paint. Iron Age.
A New Style or Bridge. The recent dis
cussions on tbe subject of widening London
hndge, and the anxiety which prevails to pro
vide suitable means for relieving the present
congested state of the traffio crossing the
Thames, has brought forth several schemes for
enacting that object. Among others is a pro
posed new bridge, patented by Mr. F. Barnett,
C. ., who, not long since, explained the
plans and designs of it to a gathenng consist
ing of gentlemen interested in the shipping and
carrying trades of the port of London, engineers
ana otners, at tin yueen victoria street. Mne
bridge is constructed on eirders. and double
openings are placed at intervals throughout its
engtn, into wmen luge snips can enter through
gates conducted on dock principles. The
scheme is simple in its arrangement, and the
chief advantages claimed for it by the inventor
are that it can be constructed at a comDarativel v
uieup cost, wiinom caving me enect 01 depre
ciating the valuable wharf nroDertv that exists
Bon both shores below London bridge; that it
u oDviate great loss or time, ana wear and
r 01 norses and vehicles, and that it permits
the passage of ships without necessitating
stoppage 01 venicuur or pedestrian tramc
a moment.
Pbe Centennial committee in Consreas have
teed to recommend an appropriation of
500,000 for the Centennial.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
JRA.TES OF PA.SSA.GKE.
Pn g
H
o
a
o
a
r-H
3
&&"
$tSTho Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
ding, Board and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is on each ship, and no charge is made foi
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
And Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
This Route offers Special Inducements to E3IIGRANTS, who will avoid the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious trij) overland by rail,
THE STEAMERS OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW YORK WITH ALL THE TRANS-ATLANTIC LINES FROM EUROPE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton,
The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
And the General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
All information regarding Through Bates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom Through Passage Tickets can be purchased.
THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAHSH1T COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON THE WHARF,
PIER 42 NOETH RIVER, FOOT OF CAJSTAX STREET.
E. J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Grower of
SEEDS
or
Vegetables,
TREKS,
FLOWERS,
BULBS,
T"to.,
ror tim o..itnr:j-, fauji, mil ma-tcio,
427 Siiiisnniti Strent, Sim Friuiclaio C7"D a rlptho Citui i;uinn app fcatlou
i3is wtfl jit f VBm JHL aJILHfliBtLaHI
tfoi. 337.329 and 331. ahknaoaw Strtt,
Bixramoaoo.
ITUE .NU IMPUOED
HOME SHUTTLE
Sewing Machine.
IFIEICJEJ, - - S'iS.OO.
WE ALSO SELL
The Home Sewing Machine.
Theie machines use a shuttle, straight needle,
and make th Iock Stitch,
They are surpaiiHe d by none.
They are Uie iimplut and lightetUrunning nt
cAtnd m the wart I.
Bend for circular!.
Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns.
SES'D FOK A CATALOGUE.
Royal Charts, 15 SO.
E. W. HAINES, Agent. 17 New Montgomery
Street (Grand Hotel UulldlDg), San rranelaco.
Pelton's Six-Fold Horse Power.
HjBt BlBDlujkTyiL H? Sl Is IffEr EliSTtSLTpMpuMt iSi!fi?k ba. lavvxt ruvflafr,'8S$6 -" rTSry'Matopit, j jr" z. trr '
sSijH'
Having made new arrangement! with Mr. McKenzle, lam prepared to supply my powers to all persona
favoring me with their order All powers hereafter manufactured can only be obtained of me or my agents.
In future they will be made under my directions and specifications, and nothing but a prime quality
Machinery Iron will be ucd In their manufacture. .......... .
I hae greatly Improved the application and bracing my Levers which will givo them ample strength.
All powers fully warranted. For further information, Send for Circulars and Price List to
Address, s- PELTON, Patentee.
HvMa.ni Salem. Oregon.
ATM Well M&z&CSraF
MOWER ($
I will soncl 12 Flnwerlnp Plinta for One Dollar
ijourcholre from 100 tort),!) HAIL Oil FNPKISS.
"iSTim'mm' mS MY ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE,
SEED d.icrtu ithrrn'iiireiPlanta A Seed,
llJIDi. llOrTDlltll.Uir. barren at., IlOkton, Ma.
J,20 FINE VERBENAS FOR $1.
Any of the following named planta lent by mall
pot,tat,epald,alldciuiracIi Au three norti for
U cents or ufteen for SI No order received for
less than SI ienl tuthrlas l.trunluiul (Double
Zonale, Kintid and Ivj i lltjiuulai. Carnations
Pinks. LaliroUreas llatkrt Flanti, Atjtfatuiui
Abutllon AclDMlithna Coleim tannai, LIiomii
ttieiminii, lUrdy ltil, l,uhra, rupatortuiui
SteMax, lett-rtttt, Mtlw treses, fleterotntruru
LIUilila, Jdjlurula, Plleu.Siuillax Double Petunia!
bolar,timOJpit4-Uhtruin, t rufilta On. fkiLketAfc
ter, i)alaiu Petunia Phlox and Verlx-na for t
cent Mv Illiiklrnt-il (.jitalrK.UH if Krw Plant.
Seeds for 187 and any two lutkits of the ubuvi
Seeds sent on Hit Ipt of 10 cents. Ad lren
v. A. nuunn m w i rum. s.
llFtt laV -V 'i(TSHI Ft KTt " U
TUfW
Htzsvi
s ;w
Published Quarterly. Jam ai NimiiiiIim
l.sucd, an II mia n. ovir 100 I'Adtt, 5( 0 I M i win ,
iicM.rit luHrt f nirt. ih iu &00 if uiir Ust I'loMcr
and Vegetables, witl Ditli in h. I rlnlttri Ciuiitiu
l'L.Alf,l(L 1 III. in t iincIi I diul tli, it Wnik Km'
the kind hi llieimrll .(Jul) IJ cants lur tin. Jtj
I'utliAticd in 1 nli.h m 1 (urn in
AJlr.-.-. lAfltb V1CK, Rochester N. V.
&353TO.
mEALBSi
RrrBRYANT A STRATT0N ."- 1
BUSINESS COLLEGE
IV POST ST,
ISANFRANCISCO!
WOT-CDlH. HFLtg. MgTOM KTOLTIM.
stafalatffky -
ftailigi Umikvimx VTMars Qu
Js4atlrt Warijaaa rttukmstS,,
1.1 -vl
l-rt
t-l
I-w I
I I'll
"M
2J
iC
V!
u
u
ff-v.
.
-.-"ii
. --J
.nwiwiv rwt-'V,tM'
t,4xmir.rK-"