u- wJjfT"'7V -wff ,JFJVT
'' t itiV
wili;amette farmer.
k jirwrEp
m
M
For the Willamette Farmer.
Flax Culture.
In my last I endeavored to show
that the culture of flax was of very an
cient origin, antedating the founding
of Tliebc, Troy, Athens, nnd Rome,
and that the oldcstrmtlonsof antiquity,
were well acquainted with its adapta
bility and with the modus operandi of
manufacturing it into articles of cloth
ing and other purposes; that in modern
limes its fabrication nrrived at great
perfection in Holland, and in 1258 it
Avns in common use in England and in
1G34 its manufacture was Introduced in
to Ireland.
Iu the present article I propose to take
a cursory view of its rise, progress and
present developement in our own
country. It is worthy of observation
that the early Mexicans before the dis
covery of America by tho Spmiards,
were acquainted with llax-growing,.but
to what extent is uncertain as they do
not seem to have- used it for clothing
although cotton cloth was extensively
employed for that purpoo and to-day
can bo seen an ancient Mexican dross,
made of that material, preserved in tho
British Museum.
Although iudigenous to America,
Hax was introduced from the mother
country shortly after the first settle
ment of the colonies nnd by then used
us an article of clothing as much per
haps from necessity as for profit They
labored under great disability in this
regard, as tho Imperial Parliament, by
edict, had interdicted the colonies from
engaging in any and all manufacture
whatsoever for export. No encourage
ment was given to agriculture, trade,
or commerce, only such as would fall
into the lap of the mother country and
'thereby contribute to her own aggran
dizement, hence their manufactures
were confined largely to the production
of "home spun." Tho spinning wheel
and the huge timber loom were a part
of nearly every household furniture
and their noise was rarely silenced.
Ono historian speaking of thoso early
times .says: " Court-ships wore of long
er duration then, than now-a-days and
two years was as soon as tho betrothed
farmer's danghler could get ready to
go to housekeeping. As a preliminary
stop the flax had to be sown and weed
ed, and pulled, and rotted, and broken,
nnd swingled, for all of which process
es neatly a year was required before
the fiber was ready for spinning and
bleaching on tho grass, and making,
and wearing."
Flax was taken to Holland from the
Dutch settlement, Now York, as early
as 1G2G. In 1G28, some think earlier
than this the Governor and company
of Massachusetts Bay inNow England,
ordered flax seed for cultivation. Flax
was laised in Virginia prior to 1045, as
wo read of it being woven and .spun
there, and bounties wero offered for
iho cultivation of flax in 1G57. Indeed
Hax was at this time pretty generally
raised in small quantities and was man
ufactured at home and formed a most
important article in tho domestic econ
omy of the days of homo spun. In 1715
some Irish emigrants arrived in Massa
chusetts and established an improved
vstem ot manufacturing linen and
factories were established inSalom,Mass
31ass. for making sail-cloth as early ns
I790.lt was cultivated largely for seed as
tho colonies woro permitted to export
tho raw material and receive in ex
change manufactured goods. Tho am
ount exported from tho American colon
ies in 1770 was 812,012 bushels. In 1791
tho United States exported 292,-lCO
bushels of flax seed, and in 1800 the ex
port was 289.CS1 bushels. Tho culture
of theso crops grew up more rapidly at
tho west, and extensive factories woro
established for tho manufactureof cord
age, bagging s.c, In Louisville, Lex
ington, Frankfort, and other places in
Kentucky as early as 1S10.
According to tne census of 18-10 about
37,251 tons of flax and hemp were
raised. In 1850 wero raised 7,709,G7G
pounds of flax nnd CG2,312 bushels of
Hax seed. In 18G0 while hemp had
unro than doubled, flax had fallon off
to 4,720,14-3 pounds and flax seed was
atationaryat 530, 8G7buahcls. The grea.
obstaclo to flax culture was tho w.uifof
somo simple- and effective machinery
Tor scutching and breaking it. Early
3n tho war thq demand for flax tow.and
for linseed oil and cakos, and tho In
vention of flaxbrakes led to an increaso
of this crop nnd for two or threo years
tho production of flax and flax tow was
over 10,000,000 pounds and of flax seed
was greatly increased. Whilo flax
seed remains at about that point, tho
foreign importation of Jute in such large
quantities has had a tendency to cnuso
ti.iY to fall off at present. Now York
produces nearly one-third of tho flax
e-ro wa m mo tuwurv
iu '", Virgin'.!, IYnn
r !'r '. .".'.J IVnne-.eo an. fa- ci.-t.:
p.ineipal States. Our young nnd grow
ing State promises to rival her sisters,
opecially in tho strength nnd length of
fiber, nnd fineness of texture of tho
lint. Her congeniality of climato nnd
tho rich productiveness of her virgin
soli, renderd her preeminently adapt
ed for the production of seed and fiber.
Samples sent to Troy, N. Y., and to
other places East, elicit from tHcm tho
fact, that the lint raised hero, is worth
from 20 to 25 per ceut. moro than thnt
raised East, and whilo they can buy all
wantthrre for!5and IU cents per pound,
they will readily pay 20 cents f?r Or
egon flax, while tho seed generally is
double in quantum and better in quality.
W. F. West.
Jefferson', Fob. 5th, 187G.
For the Willamette Furmer.l
FARM ECH0E3, NO. 5.
Store Dobta.
Thoo Rro groat drawbacks to the interests
or the frmcr. Worso than n ilbt contracted
by borrowing monoy fir they iiirnwse fo
Imperceptibly that when thn reckoning day
cuhph tlio rifllr-qiient (-Undd uttountlod at
thntlittio bill the clerk hand over to ba
pnld. MaDy well-to-do imiieiH liavo lost
hoart, and it is a uiero cbanco if they evor
stand fair aud sqiuro beforu llio-.vorld again,
for no other roaron Umii that tuey allowed
tho storo account to exceed their income. A
running account at I ho ctorn grows so rapid
ly nud t.0 gradually, and tho things pur
chased dlaipjtuar and aro forgotten so
readily that when the crop isrold or tho hogs
killed tho farmer sees with dismay thnt tho
proceeds will fil to twurel the years storo
bill'. What poor economists muu aud women
sometimes aro. Any ono halt wiled ought
to reo at u glance that an outgo greater than
tho iucomo mint end in financial ruin and
that the race is soon run.
Ic would bo Wiill for these short sighted
individuals to mik.j it a point to Investigate
tho merits nf Wuvliind's or Gronley's Politi
cal Economy, and thus, whilo brushing up
their college learning, lotru to apply the
groat truths of exchange and baiter to their
own slack way of doing business. It is a
shame that so many of tho tanning commu
nity permit them'olvos to become tho dupes
of their own fancied wnnts and the subjects
of a inarch n's pleasure. I Bpeak not from
hearsay, butf.O'u my own knowledge wbou
I say there aro those who have become so
deeply in debt f jr s'oro goods that thoy can
not g t themselvo'i trusted for a pair of boots
or pound of caudles in any store in tho coun
try. Fioui rnpoated inability to meet their
promi-o to pay at u certain timo, tho mer
chants b'tcomo Indisposed to trust them and
thus thuy loso their credit. That irodlt and
ability to be trusted, which la or bhould bo
tho prldo (.1 every tiller of tho soil, Is irre
deemably lost, lor who wants to trust a man
who-se storo deb: U made good by a mortgage
on hla lurid, and which sometimes exceeds
tho value of his property. Now do not take
umbrage at these sweeping remarks and say
all this bagboar of storo 'ebts Is the result
of oxtravagauco, or maybe tho effect of
whiskoy and cards, for it is not so.
Kstravagance and drunkenness havo their
own roward, but of thorn I am not writing.
Sobor plain-going citizens whoso fimili6s aro
no great oxponse, but who soeiu lobe utterly
thoughtless and improvident iu this thing ot
running a storo bill are found delinquent as
well as the reckless. Thoy work hard year
iu, and year out, but it never seomsto count.
How cau it when it all goea to pay for gro
ceries long'ago eaten up and for calico that is
worn out. No wonder thoy never havo that
nico little sum laid by for a rainy day, or
that f 100 left over to replace tho horse that
died last spring. No wonder tho merchant
at last speaks coldly. Don't a "burnt child
dread tho firo," and does ho want a customor
who cau never pay what he already owes?
Not he, and they aro obliged to try for trust
eUowbore. In all this mismanaged world,
no mismanagement is worso than thobo mis
managed store debts. No other mismanage
ment Is so easily remedied. The farmers
motto should hn "I pay as I go," and It will
soon turn tho tables in his behalf, whilo tho
know Ifcdge that what he has bought is his
own, and that thero Is no spector of an un
paid bill to be settled in thufuturo.maUes the
nossesdion a doublo pleasure. Debt of any
kind is a troublosome burden, and if the
l'truiers, and indeed ovcry ono else would
rcsoluitly turn their faws from that which
thoy do-.ire but canuot pay forjustnow, they
would bo iunui.ely lujijiier and bettor oou
teuteJ. There. would no trfwer growlers and
more light boiricd mm if casn or prodncu
wero paid down lor oerithlug purchased,
tor it is an evident irnth luat It Ishardurto
pay for worn out clc.tnts aud broken har
nes than it is to pay lor new goods and
binning leather. It is a great i-atiefactiou to
ckAO uo mill auythlut?, aud u bleiHlng which
every firmer shoulu bu ub.'e to call his
owuc Uavpy 1Jau ft
.Vijitb Lvnd Ic U nimiiweij bv rnnnv
that the white land of tho prairies, south of
Corvallis, Is poor and unproductive, lit only
lor growing wuu-ross orusn. so it is wuc
out drainage or cultivation. Thousands of
acres of this laud, In libutou county, lor t'ie
lahttweuty years, have scarcely paid for
keeping fences auouud Jt for pasture pur
poses. Within the past two vtxtra, howi ver,
it has been deumootratcd that it is valuable
wheat laud, need In,; only drainago and
proper cultivation. Mr. Johu S. Hiker has
a fluid of white land tliat was sown to wheat
iu 1874 aud has been farmed continuously
ever eiuce. which, lastvoar. averaged thirty
bushela of wheat to the acre, and instead of
"vreaiing out," Air. u. tuinxs it becomes
better by cultivation. With the opening of
tuo propoieu miiai tao (treat ualK or tuts
land, wul ha pff actually drained, aad Instetd
of int'tnninabli) nilil-rwn thiol:ot wo will
b-uo'ii n.'iiii ivf troldftri grain CoivMta
r. Ohio, KcilTSr , - --- -.- -, ,
Unfile,
ALL ABOUT GARDENING
For HOME n'O and for MARKET in HOOTS GAU
DdN .MANUalj-TtTacfftj. xintcd anil thorough
containing' olie-iimf no much matter $1..VI books nn
the mhject. (Janlrnci throughout the country com
mend its practical tabor-nlrig method n 1maltta
hie to them, fcent for 10 ccnt, which u 111 he allowed
01 the llrot order fur seeds. J. It. HOOT, Si-od Orow
cr. Kockf.ird lllluoU. lallwll
INFALLIBLE AND FINAL
CUKE
All rnnsoNR supfekino fhov asthma,
Bronchitis, Irdn-ed Fhthlrlc, Incipient Con
nimptlou, nud wishing to bo P.EHM AMENTIA1
CUltJiD, vka-o Inform me. In person or by letter.
Mr address is NUIvllV, Clackamis cotintv. Orrron
JoSlniO II. M. DAUOUEKTY.
HOPETON OATS.
Some of the reasons why KYKitY far
mer sho'ild procure seed of these valuable Oat :
1st. 'Ihey will ripen at least two week earlier than
ride oats. 2d. They nro er thrifty, and grow so
fist that they choke ('own filth, to a greit ctent; and.
as they jxro-v cry tall, aro eally cut aboofern, on
tho worst firn land. 31. Thrv welch flfiv ponnds to
tho bushel, struck measure 4th. Thoy nil fill, plump,
no blanks, and are w orlli far more fur rnul or for ink
liU oatmeal than any other oa's. 5th. They can bn
sown on land that Is seeded with wild oat, nnd will
be icady to head beiore the wild olfs will ilpen.
inerenygmne agoonrroptii oais am at tuo same
time neunse the land I have riletl theso oats three
jears, anil know whit Istatetobe truw They hive
akcn the sweepstake premium o'er all other oats,
tho lat two jeft's at the Oreiron Sratn Fair, which
any one can so bv referring tit the premium llt
They arc a beautiful white jtraln, and were Imported
Irom Canada by tho Department it Wartlnjjtnn I
now offer thei-e valuablo o to Knimcni fo s cd only
at tho follow lug ratec: Two bushels or oer, $2 60
perbuhffi; anythlnrles, ten ci ts prr pouud Any
one w'shluo: to pnrchao two Im-hels or mnio will re
eclvo a samplo by sendins two thrt e ci-n stamps to
JT II. ItotSIJlKS,
lieihel, Folk co ; Oregon.
Lis spring I sowed some of tho llopoton Oats on
fern Ijnd. and thev prew tall enough to cut aboo the
fern and mjke good she m I sowed soinosldoohts
at tho samo time, the land th? suns kind, wlththn
ima trcttm(nt. Tho Hopcton Oils yliHcd ono
third morn to tho acre than tho sldo oits, and of much
better nnallty. Anil better than all. tiio Iloncton
oats were llpo two weeks before Iho side oat.
llelhcl, I'jlk co . Jan. 21. 1S7I1 -!' -
GOOB SEBBS
GROWN w 1th care and painstaking, from selected
stock, alwws l'A! Trv nine. Sco ndver-
tlcinent "All About Gardening." J. B. ROOT,
Grower, Iiockford, 111. ja!4wl2
FT 0 U "F VI ipoovcr's Prize Mower Bcels
SEEDS,
Market Vegctablr Seeds
The cheapest and bet seeds
In the niarktt. Suid two 3
cent sUtnos for ou rllltisiratuc
VEGETABLE
CittaUigue and see tho prices,
rW. H. SP00NKR.
J Boston, Mass
SEEDS.
TDK STEAMERS
City of Salem and Ohio,
t-dSSSSSSXSBi
CWMPntStNO TUB
INDEPENDENT LBNE
op
Willnmotto Stcninoris,
"TSTILL LEAVK PORTLAND, TIIKOIIGII THE
YT Lo-k, lorSalem, Alluny. Conallls. Harrisbur;:.
Eugene Clrv, nnd all way points, two aud three tlmiB
a week, nud return.
FREIUII e forn irded by this line will receive qnlck
despatch nnd the best of care.
Our steamirs have niii laledncuimuiolatinns. bo
Itu pnvldod wltheieiyihln nccj-nry to mako trav
eler comTortable.
II ivlii? leased the PACIFIC WlIVRr nLd WARE
HOUbK (tho best In PonHnd, r-elp,; all enfloed) we
are tirei)ard to receive on torace 5,001) tons of
irdsbc. rCllUfll I'.EhON.MIblC.
For further Information, nwnlv on boarl eloimers,
or to . lHGKIEOLI.,
General Ai-eiu, Portland.
F.G. SC1IWATKA, Salem, ARcnt.
U. B. SCOTT & CO.
IMPORTED
BUTCH FLAXSEED
THE UNDERfrlGHED HAVE R USED THE PAST
j ear, and ho to' salo
lOOO Buahols Dutch Flax Seed
Athey imported thos"ed sown.andlnve cultivated
caiulully, they can waimnt tho same to bo
Good Clean Seed ot Excellent
Quality.
The ndianla.ro of IhU variety i that, after salnB
tho seed, tlio ttruw Im cry nluablo lor manulactur
ill' pur 'OSes Address, PAHUISII & MILLEI1,
January r '7D-tt Jelkrson, Orogou.
Final Settlement,
It htnbv tzUon that K. P. Fathart. ail.
TWO ma
Xl m
raii.irtM or of the rstato of J. W. P. Huntln j'on.
dcceav'd, ha fibd In tho County Cotut of Marion
county, Uie'Mi, hlstlnal account as such administra
tor, a'ld tlio ith day of March, 1870, at 11 o'closk a in ,
hasbc.n llxtd by wiMCotnt as the time for hearing
and tettlliiL' iibl.-ctl1 ns to tald account.
J. C. I'EEDLES,
Jan, 21 , 1670" I County .Tudre.
W. WBATUtBTOBD.
J, W. WEiTUERfOiU).
M
t5-S-
cffiw&oi&Sui p
Weatherford & Co..
Wholesale and ItctaU Dealers In
Q A TftlT'O
h lAiaiot
OILS, CLASS,
Patent Medicines.
CHEMICALS,
E erfumery
TOILET GOODS,
Etc, etc.
PURE WINESand LIQUORS,
For Medicinal purposes.
medicines Compounded,
Prescriptions Filled.
and
Weatherford & Go,,
XjIZ Commercial. trcet. HAM...
. 3
GARDEN CITY PLOWS, IMPROVED
For 1875.
WF. IIAVR ON IIn. ANT) ARE HFCEIVINO THE LARUEST STOCK OP THE ABOVE CTJIf
ehrated I'Jowr-ecr Impo-ted lo lh- Pacific coit. Tho snccesof thoo Plows list year exceeded an
thing tier befor known In this Mate, Those now on hind aru made n 1th now and special Improvemtit?,
Warranted Superior to any Plow in tho United States I
THE GARDEN CITY SULKY FLOW,
i&S$L
Bftfa?"'"
j5ES1v!
--rrr r
""-5?crr?
WXiW rSfecffi
jPsJV&. 1tfth'I-"iVk. 'BA' J(
Cuttinc: 14 and 16 inches, witli 3-horse attachment, and 16-incIt
rolling Cuttor is without a i-ival. It has been so thorough
ly tested that wo warrant its op9ration in any soil in
the State, 3?heso Plows are sold with that guaranty.
EST SEND FOB CIRCULARS AND PRICE LISTS.-TDa
SCHUTTLEli WAGONS, ALL, SIZES,
MONITOR BKOAB -
SEEDERS AND CULTIVATORS,
GARDEN CITY
CULTIVATORS AND HARROWS. -fM
T. CUNNINGHAM & CO.
SAXEM, October 1, 1S75.
MJOUKCiVatM
Expectorant
Stubborn Coughs and Colds yiow
promptly to tho healing and cura
tivo proportion of Dr. Jnyne'si Ex
pectorant. It Ioosons and promotes
tho oxpectoration of irritating mat
ter, mitigates much pahl and dis
tress, and chocks inflammation.
Asthma, Bronchitis, and Throat
Troubles aro at onco roliovcd by
Dr. Jtnync's Expectorant. It ro-
movos constriction of tho Bronchial
tuhos, loosens phlegm, soothes and
heals tlio mucous membrano, arrests
any fovorish tendency, and holps to
forward a gradual euro.
Consumption, Pleurisy, and., Lung
Affections aro generally controlled
and ameliorated by Dr. Jnync's Ex
pectorant. It saves tho lungs from
much Irritation and distress, by ro
lioving them of tho irritating matters
by which thoy aro cloggod, It also
suppresses inflammation and gives
tho affected parts a chanco to heal.
Whooping Cough.Croup and Hoarse
ness ore efficaciously treated by Dr.
Jnyuc's Expectorant. It romoves
difficulty of breathing and oppros
bion in tho throat or lungs, promotes
tho ejection of mucus and subdues
tho violence- of theso complaints at
tho outset. It is a Safo Family Cura
tivo, of long-established roputation,
and whero promptly, administered,
has enabled many to cscapo serious
IiUng Auoctions..
T. A. DAVIS & CO,
Oregon.
, Wholcsalo Agents. Portland,
ociBml
&7l4F r.
gsygjg7 r.
BUY A
I JL AA&mSJ UXSA&ZS
DES-IE3 03OOT!
-AT-
JOHNW. GILBERT'S,
nl2
SAL.U3I, OR.
tf
Fruit Trees! Fruit Trees !
I have QO.OOOoflfao
Finest Prune and Plum Troes
In the State,
Tor alo l'il fill, 1 W, and rjirintr of 1870. Trecu from
three to clht lent In Ulat, all trraft'-U on lur.a!ng
etfillins I have t)o
75,000 other 'Frail Trees ami Shrubs
In iitkty,
Ori'i-ill'fel. T r.MUo CaUIojjUB and I'ieo
1.1 t anatire to n i if'' ',
ti vs i::nTywwf,
r , t i " n ' v.
nodml Jjatt -oul.tml, Or
SSSKLtrrSiSSS'
CAST
MW7 tm tlUWMI U1 J IL'BlWlUttTWU16MCaMagl
IPaoiSo "University
AND
TUVI.VTIW ACADRUV,
Forest Grovo, Orofyon.
FAODbTV t
TIkv S. TI. MVTISH, D, D Proslilont, nnd I'rofosa
orof Intellectual 1'lilltnonliy.
lUv IDIIUM LVJIVN, A.M., Professor of Ithot
orlc nnd HVto-v.
UBO. II. COLLIER, A. M., Professor or Matb.
cmitlcs.
Ilnv. T. COHDOM, A. SI., P.ofo3or of Natnrall
IlUlory.
.T09. V. MAIWlt, A.Af., Promisor of Latin and
0 rook.
T. I) Tioni), . M . Prlno'tnl of AeiJo-ny.
Jrm. M. P. SPILIiCB. Hn-eptrofS.
T'lO Ph lol var cinq's ot thmr ter-ni. hpirlnnlnd-
rpicttroIy ou ,'m nen Wolmvlay of l.iutember.
In tlio Unlviraltvlia t'l'tton N l per yoir. and
In tllQ Aci ljm i'.l'.l nor v.llc .mvilil. n.p tnrm In
ailvantn.
IDinleinhslnli' fnni 1 to SI ncjrwnn'c.
IIsimlmtloiH fj- jlml-xlo'i will u hold on 8
lcmli-r lt, nt'l a m , at iho (lilian.
r" further Irilir nitlnn. ifllreq thrt Prl,lnnt. ..r
nny ot'inr in niliyr of th i KiciiUy,
EVERY DESCRIPTION
PRINTING
Exportltiously Exooutod
11 V
MUNKERS & REDINGTONp
Commercial Street, SALEM.
BLANK DEEDS
AlwnyH on Ilnnd.
Jno. W. Rediiiton. "Wood W. Hunkers.
Chances for Good Invest
ment. I OFFER FOIt BALE, ON LONG CREDIT, TO
reciionnlblo parties, valuable property and Inter-,
eetsnt lollowe:
Lots and Blocks In Portland, Or.,
With or without lionfcn on thorn.
3TVnM., favorably located, with or with
out itock.
1,000 or moro acre of Tlmhorol, Pralrlo. or
Swalu LNDd. retr rlver and rallroada, at loas thau
Uovcrnment prices.
An Interest In a HTUAM SAW JHW whldi his
the beet paying biHlutm In tho btatc.
Valuablo Placer and QaarU MINES In Eantorn Or-
cjten, with water supply nud modern mtclilnery for
iuiuiiil;iuuilii'-ii. aico, inuri juun, rerry itmnie.
o. On
and Toll Kotda-nll of Hlilcli property can bo paid for
out of the procotda of tho buulnet .
ALHO,
Money Ionwl and Borrowed on good so
curuy, anu uotca (Uncounted,
Aluo. I.octo Ilomirteadfi, I.and Warrants, and CoI
lego bcrlp, on fcltctod Oovtrumout Land.
Property In Portland, and uiitHldo lands KX
CIIANUED for projierty In other mate,
On all aalcs, tlmo will bo given for nearly tao whole
amount.
O. Xtt. OAXITBB,
Itcal Estate Dealer, POitfXANI), Or ,
decOitf darter'' Dloclt Front Btrtet.
Oregon Steamship Company's
STEAMBOATS.
rfllllt KTfWnit AZ,ll'V. Wlt.LJ.VAVK BAU31
J. iir Corvit It and mwirmedVito ixiliita oe MiMilny
Vml riurnUyof etc i weak ahuutSp. m. Itotutlllujc
111 ) I Sll II rlT ' !l ,i HI )., 1 i,
r" n HJiNU V 'j n i (li uraipolntu
U 'I'll' r Ul'IUi
At. TI. 'I' "1 ImY Aftnit,
Jan it If,
"-U
M
fi
.V
.A
Ifl
X
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1