:u
j ,
A Four-Page Supplement with tlie Farmer tJiis Week,
V
3,00 per Year, in ;vfJvancet
SALEM, .OREGON, JANUARY 14, 1ST6.
Omnia VII. Number 48,
ftSS CASH SYSTEM.
'The farmors of Oregon, of this coiist, oLd
cl Whore, hie all alive lo tho ad vantages and
and importance or dealing strictly for cash,
and he hnve a few brief remarks (o niako on
that subject.
Wo have tried thi credit fyatein, and are
tired or It. A portion of our subscribers pay
up punctually, but tho rrnst Jo not. We lose
Jntorest money, and meet with somo losses,
and the subscription list doe not average
over J2.50 for eich sub-cribsr, per an
num, and this leads us to maklngtho follow
Ing chance In terme:
Hereafter all l-e lie wall and eubvcrlp
llons, wlicro tho cash aliall accompany
tlie order, can be paid at $2.50 lcr mi
lium. All SubkcrlplluiiK that are allowed
to run thirty nays over time will be In
variably 93.00 per annum. Xhl offer Is
made to Indurc prepayment or . subscrip
tion, and will be applied only to those
who pay strictly In advance.
All those who are receiving this paper aro
invited to remit the balance that will b9 duo
us on tho 1st of January, and add $2.50 to
pay for the year 1870. That will commence
the year punctually, and place them on the
prcpiad cash basis.
A look at your tag will show you how
much you will be indebted to us January 1st
at the rate of 25 cts a month.
Remittances can be made by registered
letter, ourrenoy can bo sent by mall at Its
current value, or money can be paid to our
iccal agents.
For tho Willamette F:mcr.l
FAEM ECHOES, NO. 2-
Prose of Farm Life.
Strangely mingled in our minds are the
flowing thoughts of an ideal, and tho pro
rale, unpleasant duties of every day life.
Tho Ideal tu most Instances is subservient to
the leal In tho experience of every life that
must gain a livelihood by honest toil and
constant dally labor. Wlillo Iho musical
Jingling aud jangling of the bells as the cows
conio slowly home bring itcolleclions of
bright sunny hours of childhood tbey also
bring vivid remembrance of milking the
cows just after daylight, on a cold wui
mm n ins; atandlug shoe mouth deep in water
aud slush In a muddy yard, whvie, with be
numbtd fingers and feelings not easily do
scilbed, we lost forever tho "loo and moo
and jiugle of the bills way down tho dingle
when the cows come home." It is all very
nice to talk about tho plowman's pleasure In
turning the furrows and scattering broad
cast tho wheat and oats and barley that in
time will doelop loto a lovely expanse of
goldtui i-erals the pride and wealth of tho
husbandman. I am afraid those wlio lock
ju it from so romantlo a point of view have
never tried It for themselves, never known
what it mount to work early and late dj- iu
and day out, np at four o'clock iu the morn
ing Miuimrr or winter, 'and uo rest except,
time for a hunied imti! at noon, eaten In si
lenco, till tho evi-ning shadows drive them
to the honso too tirrd to read or talk or oven
give a word of cheer to those f )r whom they
work so hard. Karuilng U an occupation
that no person wiih fastidious tastes iu roard
to dress sbould attempt, for it is iinpnesiblo
to uo cleanly or tidily drsssed doing the
rougu drudgery which cou-titutea farm la
bor. D not fondly irnagiue bitber, that af
ter the plowing aud sowing is all done, that
tho farmer is theu at liberty till tbe-bartest
begins and that he may leel hiuisulf froo to
take that little trip he has no set bis heart on.
Thorp are many things he v. ill lind it neces
eary to do about the houso aud barn, aud
then (ho fences are constantly rotting down,
a board gats loose or a bard wind storm de
stroy h tho labor if many day, which must
all b repaired iu lime or tbero is uo guaran
tee that the s pi outing grain, on which so
much depend, may not be destroyed by
other people's cattle. If some good friend to
tho farmers of Oregon or if the farmers
themselves would wake up to a knowledge
of ther best Interests and tee that a "no
fence" Jaw were Introduced into the statute
of Oregon, they would ba saved a great
amount of capital mod labor which is ex-
pend yearly la building nod rebuilding
ft rices
useless 'encee the only rUwd vintage that
forms of InjuBtlco ttiat the farmer must con
tend against which most eir-etually put to
flight all poetical imagery of farm life. Tho
greatest of which Is the uncertain returns for
produco, for -when the grain and other farm
products are ready for market, the farmer U
obliged to sell for just what monopolies and
sptculators are willing to give hiui. No
matter what be tho intrinsic- value of his
warus he is compelled to take the just or un
just recompense offered, for HUo all other
poople the laimer and his family must live,
and thus must bo contout with what hu cm
gel fur his pruduuu in order to nullify pres. ul
wants, In tho greusjstoro of oxehaogo ear
ned on by ovory Jrade anil trallio the farmer
Muds hnn-elr cous.antly at a disadvantage
for in his selling ho galus no pur cent., while
for everything he bujs he must ray a hitfh
percentage. This unpleasant state of things
catiuot lass alweys lor with a moro geuiral
co-operation uuioug themselves, this injus
tice will in a great degree bo obviated arid
tho farmer will have to contend less with the
unfair dealiugs of merchai.ts nud tradesmen.
Snould the lurmer live far from town, there
is a lonely feeliug ol bjing out of tho world,
mid the gteal lucouveuleuce of hauling farm
products long distance to market. On the
other hand should lie dwoll near the city his
orchards and gardens, bosldes being subjtct
i the thieving prosperities of lun loving
rogues, are coveted by ttie hosts of ricnils
who come out to dinner, and who exptc. to
reoive on account of their friendship, u gia
tuitous supply of all tho fruit thoy uiahl'or
winter storing. This would all be well
euough could the farmer be accommodated
with dry goods and groceries In tl.e same
way, but that ol course la a different thing,
tbo tables are turned, aud this is a rule
which HI not work both ways. That the
chlldron ot farmers are free and happy from
morulug till night, with nothing to do but
hunt hens nests in the barn, or tumble
about in the now mown hay, that tho winter
is speut In roasting appleti by tho great wood
tiro or iu playing hide and seek among tbo
shadows iu the gariet is too good to bo true.
On the contiary the llulo people are in ninny
families kept continually busy, as hard et
work as the older folks, not that I would dis
courage early formed habits of industry, but
all work aud no play is very apt to mike
Jack a dull boy, and I seriously plead that
ths little ones bo given ir.oro holidays, Kvou
when they nttend the d 1st not. school they
must hurry home to do the chores of an
eyonlrtg, and must hurry out of a ruorning
to help about the woik beforo they start on
the lonjj walk to school; then on every day
they can be made use of ou the firm or in the
housethoyarekept outof school, until they
fall behind their classes and become discour
aged. I havo known many such inslaucos
whore bright children luvti. lost all interest
in their studies, for no other reason thau be
ing kept away from school to help about
heme. Wbeu I see little boys of ten and elev
en years, who can just giasp the plow handle-,
plowing oyi-ry d:y it is fair weather,
and going to scho i) tho days it rains, I do
not wonder they grow up cireless iguurant
lads, who, disgusted with home aud fatm
life, leave it long btforo they leach tLtir
majority. I. is the city children who enjoy
tho hospitality of Gr.il dins.' old farm house,
who curry away wiih tueui none but bright
uiumoiiuriof ihbold bomes!t-.id; the children
who gieiv up ihoru know better aud deploio
the unsatisfactory surroundings or farm life.
Give tho children a chanco (o develop lalo
bioad shouldered mou and rosy facjd no
men, give them too, a solid education, Just
(is muuh as you can afford, and theu can tho
farmery' boast, iu truth of the stalwkri
strength aud ability of tho country nobility,
aud theio will be morn of the beautiful min
gled with the prose of farm life. It is a sad
fact that the farmers ol tho Willamette val
ley soseldom havo beautiful, pleasant homes,
aud that they aro for the mu-t part only pla
ces in which to eat aud sleep. Fanner Slack
and Farmer Ignorancu were ever notorious
for bad management and small gln. With
better judgment and wiser calculation there
would ba more time for mental improvement,
more lime to cultivate the social graces, and
with these would come the deeire to beautify
homes, that would become as beautiful po
ems, bringing delight to tbe longiug eyes a
guupe or lue bowtrs or rarauitw
JJarrv IIau.
On Dec. 29tb,atTaoomt, W. T., John and
Uarry lUlton. sons of J. It. IUUtoo, K-q.,
of that place, were drowned, together whb
H...-ii,n mii.. nmii mll r I me eng'neer or ins uiaoa unmoua. aiiey
XorwetheM miles npoo " n,d ji,, our Knnnf, im IhoflaU, In a ca-
noe, aud aatin brteze eemlBK up, me boat
Wisnol thfl Illation that vexation of spirit waa unset end ail three drown. At last
aarer inrav-iea tbe teraaer'e domtin. There I aeconats, only lb bedj ! Jeha bm! keea
m uauxbtritm iiiwnTeRUBora ? tvmj I teeevereo.
For tho Willamette l'atmcr. 1
Caus;s of Intemperance.
If it be (rue, an it is said, that more intoxi
cating liquors nro sold and drauk iu tho Uui
tud S.alo-i at tho prrsunt Hum than at any
former period of our history, uotwilhstaud
lug all tho cfl'.irts made to arrest tlie ovil, is
thorp not something radically wrong In our
trealiiiont of tho v 11 1 lu order to treat any
dihcs-Hi succojsiully, wo mu"t llrst, if pnssi
ble, discover tho cause of the malady aud
ondsauir to lomovo that. And, iu many lu
Htances, this is all tho treatment that Is re
quinnl. l'ublio opinion Iris laid this to tho
dram shops. It would be more philosoph
ical to s-iy, tho dt-sjro to indulge iu It:tcxicat
iugdiiiiks, causes dr.im shops (o appear lo
s-!isly that ileslro. Whbn a now demand
ai-lces for a oitniuodlty of any kind, tbero
ure nlvMiyn pTtoua to be found who, for a
conideiHtion, are ready to supply that do
mand. Dram shop exist to kupply a pievi
on My existing demand. They aio not tho
pruuo cause of intemperance, though they
iucnaso tho ovil. Through their influence
or agenoy, many peri-ons, especially tho'
young, are frequently led Into habits of dls
si nation and idleness, who otherwise might
buvo remained sober and industrious. They
nro but an exciting cause. The chief cause
i.'.usL be looked for further back. Tho inho
rout o.iusos or the great amount of intemper
ance existing amongst our pe-plo are many
nud various. I will Urst mention the pied Im
position to tho use of alcoholic stliunlimts
rocoivod from the parents, and trausmiltcd
from father tr. son, and from generation to
generation, by hereditary descent. It H woll
known that ptcullaiities of lorm and fea
ture, as well as moral qualities ar trans
mitted from parent to child. So la a predis
position to coiiniu diseases; and, iu many
instances, the diueasts themselves aro trans
mitted; aud why not the appetite for intoxi
cating liquon.? Kyery medical mm knows
this vice is transmitted, and inebriates of
tills class aro the most clifllcuit to reform.
Secondly, I will notice tho effects of habits
on the nervous system. Wo live In a fast
ago. We exist on tho high-pressure princi
ple. And, Iu tho raco for riches, under the
pressure of active competition, wo sometimes
seem to n6td some extra stlmuli.uts to rcu?o
up our bneigies, and keep ttieru up to the top
notch of clllnlency. Hence leanu is made to
ardent spirits. Hut all thesa are subordinate
u.uism.
The chlof cauio of the appetite for stiong
drink iu our people is to bo found iu the
quality and quantity of food they out. As
long us the Atiwrlcau peoplo coueuiuo such
quautilles of stimulating aud highly-seasoned
loud as tLey do, thoy will want to imblbo
stimulating drinks. Stimulating food aud
stimulating drnls necessarily go together.
Theuuoistho concomitant of the other. A
man who begins his dinner with u plate ot
soup, into vvlilcli hu has put somo portion of
tho rodents of noarly oveiy bottle In the
carter; tlibii takeB fish, covered wi'h come
ji'qimnt sauce; this to bn followed wiih roust
beof plastered over Tiih inuttHtdj and so on
to tbe end, iixoHfs thirst m his system whioli
plain cold wa:or will not satisfy. Nt that
cjlti water would not bj Iho best thiu with
willed to put out tho tire ho has kindled
Uthlu tho ilnl domain by tho use of such
li it, stimulating con Omenta; but ha docs
not want that it Is too Ithlpid. Inebriates,
asugonoral llilug, aro luordluato eaters, rs
ptolally ofnnfmal lood. Btef Is fcetic-rnliy
prt ferred, as being tho most ntimulaliug nul
iiinl food, and that covered with mustard
sullicimit in quantity lodraw a blls'eron the
heel of a negro, ('olfee and tf a aro Med iu
Urgoquaiuuie", and tobacco by the ton.
It my not be true that every ono who eats
immoderately of stimulating food is a drunk
ard, out such a one, by his man nor of living,
supplies tho necessary conditions for beoom
lug adrunkard. That ho does not become ono
in, perhaps, hecuuseofa high moral priuclpal
acting witha great power of will to restrain his
appetite for stimulants. The converse of this
proposition is true. As a generul thing, mou
who aro fond of stimulating drluks,
aro also fond of stimulating and highly
seasoned food. Not every man who chows
or smokes tobacco will driuk whinky, but
the habitual users of ardent spirits, with
scarcely an exception, use tobacco in some
form. Tbe great malady is the malady of
the stomach. Conscientious people become
dyspeptics; the nou-ooiiselentious become
drinkers. Tbe appetite for drink la not ne
cessarily mado by drin kintf, but in nine cases
in ten it is created and cultivated by tbe use
of cctfoe, lea, ptpper, pleklea, mustard,
spieee, too miieh salt; hot bread and pastry,
raw Meat aa4 greaar, aad, abore all, by lb
MaCtobMO. Tk wrj af a tftva -
pellib aud inflamed stomach Is always for
something stronger. I-et us reform our ta
bles, and save our sour. Stop tho demand
by correcting tho appetite, and stop the sup
ply by proveuilng tho manu'aituro and im
portation. Any legislator who doos not see
aud acknowledge that tho ne ol poisonous
drinks is a public evil, a coirup'ion of soci
ety, aud a civil danger that should bo dealt
with by law, Is uu worthy of tho placo of a
legislator. Distilleries and dram shops nro
slaughter-houses of men, nud should be
dealt with as siioh. Mouoy got by selliu?
Intoxicating liquors H binod-mouey, and
should never bo touched by an honest man
Wit. roiiTSR,
Aumsvllle, Jan. 1, 1S7I3.
From Josephine Count v.
Williams Ckkkk, Di:c. 20, '75.
Ed. Fakmuu: Tlio incessant 'patter
of tlie rain upon tho roof," with its
consequent enforcement of attendance
in tloors such weather ns this, has a
tendency to produce, even among rus
tics, nn "itch for writing." And
knowing that tho Faiimkk is liber I in
its provision of antidotal remedies for
such n disease, I once moro oifer an in
trusion upon its columns.
First and foremost. I am tempted to
offer somo observations upon agricul
tural journals in general. I am tho
freer to tuko tho risk of such a criticism
in writing to the FAititr.n because of a
belief that tho viows which I entertain
upon tho subject nro very much in ac
cordance with thoso upon which that
journal is conducted.
Farmers, as a general rule, do not
desire n paper that is exclusively de
voted to rudimentary or coniiiionplaco
agriculture. They learn their most
practical and useful lessons experi
mentally and not from books or periodi
cals. Hence, a great deal of tho
matter contained in many agricultural
journals is worso than "swoctness
wanted on tho desert air." Then why
Hhotild there bo such a continuous
reiteration or repetition of tho same
old, threndbaro nhiervntions? 1 tun
glad your columns afford n different
variety of intellectual pabulum. Tlie
followers of the plow, liko all other
clas-es of persons in free America,
want to know what Is going on In tho
world, what now discoveries aro being
made, what progress Is lining attained
in tlio Ileitis of art. science nud litera
ture, as well as in tho business of fann
ing. Tho literary feature of your paper,
as heretoforo conducted, i, in my
opinion, wormy ot ppeclai commenda
tion, and (ho inducement thus held out
to local talent ought to meet with a
moro hearty nesponse, thau it does.
Wo all lako moro or less pride in tho
development of budding genius aud iu
tiio eticoiiragonieiU of literarv o.v.
cellence within our State; and if this
department of tiio Faiimhh is not ably
conducted and made both interesting
and instructive, it Is tho fault of tlnwo
wno Miouw tuko an interest in t hu
Mattio Nail; O.tto Keeper, Junius
Jordan; Ceres, Ll..io Kinkaid; I'omo
nia, Martha South; Flora, Sister
Dochul; L. A. S., Nancy Miller.
As evidence that our Orange is in n
highly prosperous condition, 1 may
mention the fact that another largo;
clast consisting of eight persons, is
waiting to be initiated at our next
meeting.
Tlio farmers of this vicinity aro
hopofttl over tho prospect ofnextso.i
son, iu viow of the fact that tho minors
aro now having a f.ivur.ihlo wintor tho
tlrst in a long s'tIos of years for their
enterprises. When the miners do'well,
all other kinds of business are likely to
prosper In Southern Oregon.
For tho information of orchardists I
may stato that Mr. Ferros, one of my
near neighbors, had in his orchard tho
last season a number of trees that bore
tho second crop. Only a few apples
hung on tho second but what did hold
on matured and becomo excellent
fruit. This circumstanco suggests tho
question why, if trees will do this well
ono season, may they not bo mado to
do so repeatedly anil what an ad
vantage in fruit culture it would bo if
wo could dovelopo it kind of troo that
would bear two crops annually! Many
of our farmors aro, at present, too, in
imminent danger of having a second
crop of potatoes.
Tho raining season commenced bo
fore many of them had finished
digging, and, as n consequence, the
warm rains started what were left in
tho ground to growing, and many aro
now up out of the ground.
Tho "cattlo on a thousand hills" look
badly for tho time of your. A pro
tracted winter is apt to diminish their
number very materially number of
cattle, not the hills.
AV. W. F.
paper and writo for it "thoo exasper
ating bird.i," as (J raco Croon wood,
would say, "who can sing but wont."
GUAXGi: JIATTKItS.
Tho present month is n season of
Orange refreshment, excitement and
rovivitlcation In Southern Oregon as
well .is throughout tho Union. Wash
ington Orange, No. 181, indulged in a
luxurious feast on tho -Itli inst., or.
which occasion tho fourth degreo was
conferred upon it large chits of initiatory
members, which, In connection with
the attendance of numerous visiting
meinoors, enabled us to celebrate the
Order's annlver'ary in a very accepta
ble and agreeable manner. Wo were
vrry kindly a-sisted in tho ceremonies
by Uro'n I'urnoll aud Ciiiiiiliiglmni and
bisters Cunningham and Tupping, of
..vppiegaio urango, who tieservo great
pruiso for their unremitting zeal and
labors In behalf of the Order. I might
mention many other thoroughly de
voted untiring and unsojlish devotees
of tho catiso In this vicinity, did space
permit, who on account of their fidelltv
nro entitled to the meed of the highest
praise. Tho election of officers for
Washington Orango Nn. 181 ennio off
last Saturday aud resulted In the se
lection of tho following members to
serve uunng uio ensuing year: w. M
Wm. W. FJdles; W. O., It. Hlglow
W. L., M. F. Baldwin; Hleward, Bro.
T.. a a IT U1 Uu.llu. ft
J3. 11. DatIiUm; W. T-, U. Urn; rW
About Potatoes as a crop.
Ka Fakmkii: You nsked mo to tell
you what I know about raising potatoes
and I will begin with saying that I do
not know as I know any moro about
potatoe-raising than other farmers, but
I do know moro about it than I did a
few years ago before I commonced tho
culture of potatoes on a largo calc. I
say on a large scale I mo in from two
to four thousand bushels pur year, yet
I do not consider myself a polaloo
sharp. I havo read a good many
works on potatno culture but a carefully
kept record of experiments and results
font few years, 1 find worth moro to
mo than all tlie "Hook fanning" that
I havo read. Any of our laud in Or
egon, if properly cultivated, and seed
ed with tjood seed will bring good po
t.itocn. I remember, when wo ilrt
came to Oregon, and for in-iny years
after, two aud three bundled bushels
per aero was con-Idered over an aver
age crop, but how is it now'.' If farmers
raise enough for their own Use, It is
the exception and not tlie rule, when
in fact there is not a farm product,,
aside from wheat, that would pay any
better than it few hundred bu-hels of
good potatoes. There is always n de
mand for all good potatoes that Oregon
has to spare, in tno California markotat
certain seasons or the year. California
gardeners always strive to get thoir
seed potatoes from Oregon, simply for
a change, which they llud to be very
beneficial. A lesson which our Oregon
farmers would do well to heed. Most
all farmers of experience I bellow, ad
mit that wheat and oats to do well
should bo changed from ono kind of
soil to another every fow years; now
If this Is truo with grains, it Is equally
true with regard to potatoes. 1 (hid
it to my advantage to change seed at
least ovory two years.
Now in this lotter Inm not going to
recommend to my brother farmers any
particular variety to raise but will say
that if you plant for your own use only,
suit your fancy; but If you expect to
rahoany for sale, nothing pays but tho
rrr; host. Somo years, of conr.se, al
most any varieties can Ihj Hold, but oth
er years again, uono but the choicest
varieties can bo uiarkctod: ho nlw.iv-j
htrlvo to raise tho best If you would
inako tho business profitable. Hut Mr.
Editor this lotter is already too long
in my nuxt i win spniiK ol the (I I Her
oin varieties, my niodo ol culture, llg
flnr, Ac J. B. Dim not.
Jfubfauri, OMfM, Ju, tb.