Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 7, 1876)
Q WILLAMETTE FARMER. 7 19 I t I f i i n w -v TFE HoplE ClrCLl. The Village Church. Tho titer flowetU soft below, Tberuibes murmur on the brink; At noon tbe women fill tbelr palls, Thethlr.tj cattle come to drink; At nlfht the stars look down alway Into the heart of each blue bay. Tbe village stands above tbe stream. On a fair slope tbat come- to meet Tbe limpid watera; trees are round The village green: and all things aweet Gather and grow. Peace seems to stand Smiling upon the smiling land. God In the midst, she shall not move; This little place is holy ground One Qod one Faith, one Hope, one Love, The simple people gather round The house of prayer. Tbey lovo to be Under its shadowing canopy. Each home springs up beneath the shade, Of tho old steeplo that ha) seen A BCore of generations pass. A thousand children on the green, Tbe grandelre and tbe little son. Through the long years that time has run. A hundred stones with names out-worn, A thousand graves ire round Its feet, And death has little fear for these, Who know so well and think so sweet Tbe garden of tbelr dead tbat lies Under the blue and smiling skies. O bappy place, where children grow To lore God's houie and know It well I O holy wisdom of tbe bird That near Ills altar loves to dwell I Long may true homes keep watch around. This fairest spot of billowed ground. Teaching Children Courtesy. Many mothorri forbid their toddling children any intercourse with other little people, because tbey suppose it is not time for them to fully comprehend tbe courtesies of life. This is the very reason why they should be taught to be polite and considerate at tho earliest possible moment. We have seen parents who seemed to suppose that tho first lesson bestowed upon a child 1b exactness of statoment, and that a falsehood is a cardinal Bin. But to teach tbe child to tell the truth, requires a process of In comprehensible reasoning, while an infliction of pain upon another child has its immediate TPonltn. ftnH Ihn nlilM mn hnth , and fl rhn consequences of its nnkindneas. It is very curious to obsorve little people when tbey first meot. They usually look at each other sharply, but speculatively, and, afierproperdeliberatton, decide upon their line of action. It is either war or peace, but novor entire indifference. Even the peace may be but temporary, provi ded one possesses that which the other covets. Doubtless this covotousness is not so much duo to original sin as to that deep law of human cxistenco self-proservation. The child who sees an article in another's possession imagines, vaguoly, perhaps, but positively, that it is a thing tbat is nocossary to his own welfare and happiness, and instinct teaches him to soize it. Now this is not unfrequently set down as an unpardonable sin, and an omen of future wiokedness. Nothing can be more unjust or VltlVaaonnnhla Tt la a ntinuntflnioiln nrVitnlm when Dronerlv culded. will le nd to bonurable worldly success. Misdirected or uuourbed, without being taught a proper reverence for the golden rule, the young creature may fall into positive crime. Manliness in a boy corre sponds with womanliness in a girl, and the no bility of unselfishness cannot be too early taught to children, nor can this quality be learned praotioally nnloss association with other chil dren is not only enoouraged, but used as a con stant habit of instruction. Colon of tub Hair. The Transactions of the British Boyal Socioty, extending over two hun dred yoars. contain no instanco of anv sudden change in tho color of tho human hair a cir-1 cuniBtanco regarded as conclusive that no suoh i change has ever occurred, for, had it evor been j uiwuuuioui niuicoacu, n in um muuiy mat it would have remained undescribed. The most- cmlnont medical writers confess thomselvcs un, aware that, irrospeotively of recorJed ovidence anything in support of the popular notion on this subject can bo adduced o physiological grounds. It is well known that human hair cannot be injected. Using colored fluids, such as o solution of nitrate of silvor and a solution of iodine, does not produco any change of Whether it owes its color to a fixed oil, to a t rt. .. v i' . av . ,. iicuuuur ut.uuKeuiom ui in cuunuuuuuu uioi- ecules. or to both, it resists decav in a remarks ble manner; it resists the action of aoids and i alkalies, except the strongest, which dissolve it; it rosibts maceration, aud oven boiling wa-. ter unless for a long time applied and under ! pressure, when it suffers disintegration and de composition. Exposure to tbe sun will bleaoh hair, but this will not account for any very suauen onange 01 ooior. ine popular notion. however, is in favor of the affirmative of this question, and Borne naturalists and phys iologists adduco what they regard as credible instances of hair changiug to white or gray in the case of persons uuder strong emotions of griof or terror. How to OuitK a Srtiko Hkm. "T. F. P." thus writes of setting hens in the Framingbam Oaittte : "I've got a hon that would sot, whether or no ; allers would set. I tried every wav in the world to ston her and never could "le di'ty road to their new home and duties.-1 f,eoe.nt meeting of the Societe Centrale d'Hor way in tne worm to stop ner, anu never could t , ,,( amirier..Inurnnl ticulture de France, Jeannel related the follow- Jo it. But last Sunday, as I was oomln' home . ouluUle Uourur.Jownal. . ,...: ' .Jh from meetiu'. an idee struck me. No. it wasn't I nothin' in the sermon; uothiu' to do with the , -sermon ; it was ohestutit burrs. I went to tbe 'hen house, aud I pulled her off tbe nest and just put tbreo likely lookln' burrs snug into tbe uest, and waited to see what would turu up. Well, sir, you would ha' laffed. Sbo glv' a kquawk aud jumped onto the edgo o' the nest aud looked round at the burrs. You ought to ha' seen that heu look at them burrs ; and there the sot and sot, and looked out o' the door and considered ; and every now and tbeu she'd look round at the burrs and consider. "Well, sir, she considered for just exaotly two hoars, and theu she came down amougst the other hens, aud haiu't been nigh the nest since. .Fact, just as I tell yo." Xiu Comi-anv, The following beautiful al legory is translated from the Garaan : So phrooius, a wise teacher, would not suffer even his own grown sous aud daughters to associate with those whose o .induct was not pure and bright. "Dear father," said the gentle Eulalle to him one day, when he forbade her lu com puy with her brothrr to visit the volatile Lu olnda, "you must not think ui childish if you oven imagiue Ih it we should be exposed to dan ger by it." Tbe father took a dead coal from tbe hearth aud reached it to bis daughter, say ing ; "It will not burn you, my oblld; take it." EuUlie did so, aud behold ber delicate white bud was soiled ud blackened, and, as it chanced, her white dress also. "We caouot U too careful in handling coals." Mid EuUlie, in Ttntloa. "Yes, truly,'' uld har father, "you Mti, y child, itutooala, if they do not bam. btaoktm. S i with the company of Physical Phenomena in Dying. A striking (act in connection with the dying is, tbat tbey are not afraid of death. Yon no tice this even in executions. The majority of men who are hanged are reported to die "game." Death following disease or injury is, with the rarest exceptions, unaccompanied with fears. Disease dulls the intelligence so tbat the situation is not folly comprehended ; or there may be pain, and death is looked ution as a relief. Nature, by a kindly provision, seems panions, lovers as it were. By and by tbe in to prepare for the flight of the spirit j as the ,Ie haD& are folded, tbe sweet lips still for hni.i r.1 Ufa ornaa nrenbar Bn Jiu. ih. laoira ever. The mother, bereft, cherishes the living , for life grow less J and in scarcely a single in-1 reminder, and when it dies, who shall enter I stance within my own experience, or within i n ber gnef? .... , , that of my professional brethern, with whom I ' Seemingly we do not half appreciate the have conversed up jn this point, bas not the'lue, of pets in the formation ef character. dying man relinquished life at the last without . Dignity and strength challenge admiration, yet seeming reluctant'or fearful. The several phys- divested of sympathy the combination becomes l ical phenomena which accompany the act of ,be coldness of stolidity or the recklessness of 1 dying vary considerably in the earlier stages I 'atadsm. Jf pets can do anything towards cul- , with the causes that produce death ; there is I ";$ this sympathy, shall not voices be much similarity in the later steps. Death of- rn'8!? ,n thelr behalf? The genial, the happy Iters them a physiognomy, which, once wit- and the prosperous, find the capacity for a large Inesaed, Is not hard to recognize again. Among and loving chanty bioadened and deepened. the more constant signs are the failing pulse, Not In every home is there a child; not every which gradually becomes imperceptible, first hear wins ne love of his fellows. To Buch, ! at the wnst and lastly at the breast itself ; the I '? tne. eccentric, to those who walk apart, i extremities grow cold ; the countenance changes I as the venous blood courses through the arte - I ries ; the skin crows clammy as the vessels re- i lax ; tbe eye glazes ; tbe jaw drops ; the fluids accumulate in the windpipe, causing the ,g"iiuae ior me msmiesi love ot mute mends; "death rattle" so called, af the air passes , Character is developed through responsibil through ; the breath comes short and finally , lties- A P.eri,on 'bo a3 n ambitions Bnd no ceases. As the red blood leaves the brain jadg- ment becomes obscured, and the senses defl - Mont. SneecOi la innnor.nf. lVUnv time "last words" are imagined bv affection to mean more than intended, if there was any intention at all. "It grows dark" or "more light" are common s tying?, as the optio nerve loses its stimulus. Or strange sights may ba seen and sounds heard, as occurs sometimes in the still twilight. The hallucinations of the dying may be olten explained upon natural causes. Prof. 0 li. Cowling. I Benefit of Social Pleascm. That nature is defective which has no love or capacity for , social enjoyment. Social powers should be developed and provided for. ine blgber powers are stimulated or refreshed by the proper exorcise of all tbese bummer members I "' luB .'" iui miuseuuiu wiiicu, wnue not assuming the rule, are yet an indispensable part of tbe family. To most of us these remarks are truisms, but what are we doing about it ? Do we appreciate tne necessity ot social amuse-1 Xhfnf dZll'SYr, Ja . 6i.i ZH l youthful enjoyment in congenial society? Many a weary brain-worker has been ready to place among tbe benefactors of mankind those who opened to him the treasures of an elegant home and surrounded bim, for an hour, with genial and cultivated spirits, with whom to en - joy thorn. It is a great mistake to suppose that tbe old. or those past tbe meridian ot life. are unfitted by their ago for pleasures of this kind. In Germany, persons of three genera tions may often be seen enjoying the same amusements, the pleasures of those in each ex treme of see being augmented bv the presence of those in tho other. Not only tbe highest ! Piastre, but tbe greatest benefit of cheerful Intercourse, results from the mingling of old and young in the same company. A party of old people crooning over their infirmities and the degeneracy of the times, is no more demor- alizing than one composed wholly of the very ( young, whose ignorance and indiscretion may I lead to follies for which a life-long repentance i cannot atone. The necessity for mutual eater. I tainment which a company of mingled old and I young calls forth, is tbe best discipline for both i morals and manners, and, like most other dis-! cipline of one's self, 1b attended with a pleasure , which mere selfish indulgence can never give, i I dav to a little inland town In Kentuokv a vniino I iibidal xoun fob une. more came one ' rural couple who had just been bound by the "silken bonds,' Their destination was the ' uoioi, anu tne uriuegroom was evidently quite , impatient for fear the train should arrivo be- fore ho could reach the office. Buying one ticket they Btood on the platform until tbe train , had stopped. When they entered tho car the i bridegroom found his bride a teat, kissed her ' most affectionately, bade her " good bye," and going out, seatod himself on a box and cowmen-' ced whittling most vigorously. Ho watched tho I train out of sight, regret depicted on his f ice, ' wucu " "yauwMwr, uuaKingiue wuuiu proceed-1 ing rather strange, resolved to interview him. , Approaoning mm carelessly and chewing a straw to keep up his courage.be said: -iieen oettin- married lately?" "Yes," said he," me and Sallle got spliced ' this luomin "Was that her you put on the train? " "Yes," with it sigh. "A likoly lookln' gal," said our questioner, Anybody sick, tnat alio bad to po away? me and Bailie bad heard tbat everybody, when ' '.No, Here ne grew confidential 4lV.. .. 1 they cot married, took a bridal tour. So I told same l nadn't eUOUdh tOt both Of US tO CO k . im . The Folly of Pride. The very witty and sarcastic Bev. Sydney Smith thus dlscourseth on tbe folly of pride in suoh a creature as man : "After all, take some nuiet, sober moment of life, and add together the two ideas of pride and ot man; behold him, creature of a span high, stalking through infinite Bpace in all the grandeur of littleness. Perched on a speck of tbe Universe, every wind of heaven strikes into his blood the coldness of death; bis soul floats from bis body like a melody from the string; day aud night, as dust ou the wheel, heis rolled along the heavens, through a labyinth of worlds, aud all the creatures of Qod are flam ing above and beneath. Is this creature to make himself a crown ot glory, to deny his own flesh, to mock at bis fellow, sprung from that dust to whioh both will soon rsturn? Does the proud man uot err? Does he not suffer? Does be not die? When he reasons, is he never stopped by difficulties? When he acts, is he never tempted by pleasure? When he live, is ho free from pain? Wbeu he dies oan be escape the common grave? Pride is not the heritage of man; humility should dwell with frailty, and atono for ignorance, error and imperfection, ArrKCTlNo 8cns There was a strange, pathttlo scene at tbe Milwaukee depot, a little while ago, A young Qeruiau, who by four yeais' hard work in a brewery had saved enoegh money to make a home, was waiting for his betrothed, who was to arrive from Ger many. She came, all radiant, to his arms, there was a oloae embrace, but wbeu tbe young man tried to disengage himself, the girl's bands were firmly clasped about hi neok ; nhe moved not, spoke not ah bad literally broken her heart with joy. uui sue buuuiuu i ue Biiuc&eu out oi nern. steam and tbe exterior surface exposed to the So I jlst brought her down here, bought her a . air. M. Tomasi ought to be able to reverse tioket and sent her ou a visit to some of her ' the current, and consequently the poles, bv folks and thought I might get some work har- , causing the heat to act so as to warm the exte veatin' till sbo got back." , rior surfaces, at the same time maintaining the That afternoon found him busily at work, , interior surfaces coldfr." Engineer. and when, in a day or two afterward, Sallie I came baok, he weloomed ber cordially and af- , "T I 3 feotlonatel v. and hand in hand thev started down Action of Plants on Impubk WATEB.-At a Influence of Pets. " Nature never betrays the heart that love her." IFordroortA. There is something exquisitely touching in oar attachment to pets. Back from tbe long ago come tender memories of Ood's lower cre ations. It may be the waif of a dog, crouch ing in mute appeal to our childish generosity; or a pair of tiny existences, tne one human, the iotne.r brute, commencing life together com- I """K" Bre jwruwaui jiecuiianiies oi miuu, 1 Pe" come with double solace. Who has not 8een 'ne cross-grained visage relax, the zealous i month grow almost tremulous with affectionate h" " j.fi uw.-ucuwm, M.um,. lno ties of home or social relations, bas no . character is a neutrality whom the world scarcely knows. He has set no long-lived forces in motion and is, in death, forgotten. Remembering the law ot early development, we should, at the earliest period, coner upon the child responsibility. Farmers, to whom poultry raising can be made so lucrative, are grossly to blame in not granting the best oppor tunities in this line to amuse and discipline their children. The young untrained mind seeks something upon which to fasten. Shall it take an erratio course, missing every mark, or pursue steadily a tangible purpose? If your boy's fowls are better and handsomer than his neighbor's, pride will be an Incentive for him to strive for their still farther advance ment. Kindness will be fostered things de pendent upon us we love. Industry becomes a habit from the daily care necessary for suc cess. Exchanges and trades render business i transactions familiar. The books and journals they get will be a nucleus around which will ' ubiects thttt wi sorely propose themselves in the coming years.-iuro ifrurnaf. -"""" "' Kmy i"ji. ' Japanese Perspective. Thoughtless Deonle. I scrutinizioga bit of Japanese ware, are diverted ' with what they are pleased to call "the comi- I ical lack of perspective" in the ornament. Tbe Japanese artist does not undertake to produce aerial effects or linear perspective on plates, bowls, and vases. We must look to European art for such absurdities as landscapes and archi tectural drawings on spherical surfaces. In a Japanese workshop, the decorator feels just i where a bright mass of color or a flowing line is wanted. He knows exactly where a single spot of gold or crimson will be most effective. He seems to have an intuitive appreciation of the relation which color and line have to the general mass before him. Therefore he makes no mistakes. The bunch of brilliant azileas, the flight of storks, or the floating butterflies, are each placed where they belong on the ob. ject; with unerring accuracy, each ornament hnds its true position in deoorative art. The space left undecorated is only an intellectual balance to the weight of color or mass on the other side. Precisely what geometrical ruleu determine the value of these lines, or govern the disposition of masses, we may not be able lu say. iiui we may do sure tnat sucu aereea ble. harmonious, and comnletn riasicmn na thnsn furnished by Japanese artists, are the result of serious study of certain fixed principles. aununer. CoprEa Pipe Ecectmfied bt Steam. M. Donato Tomasi savs in a late nnmbflr of Camn on" lomasi says, in a late number ot Oomp. tes Jitndas "When a current of steam is made to traverse, under a pressure of five to six at- mosphsios, a copper tube of two to three mm diameter wound spirally around an iron cvlin- der, the Utter becomes so strongly magnetic tnat an iron needle placed some centimetres away from the steam magnet is energetically at tracted, and remains magnetized during the whole passage of tbe steam current through the tube." In continuation of this, M. Maumene, in the same journal, quotes the following oh- servations : "The important experiment of M JJonato Tomisi should, it seems to me, ba in terpreted by a very different consideration from that of the author. Heat does not act so as to produce 'a new source of magnetism.' It TJ.. .1 ... 0-. ... the observed maenstiam. unrt u ' l v,l difference of temDerntiirna liof umon ! inta.ln. surface nf thA mrnur cnirol l.n...,.J I,.. .!. - wMgv i?uaa,u4 UtllU4QWU V J t I rt niatter: In the month of May, Blxty grammes m water, woicn nad oeen used ior steeping ban cots until it had become offensive, and which tbe microscope showed to be full of bacteria, small animalculiu, supposed to be tbe ordinary agents of putrefaction, was placed in a glass, and the root of a yonng growing plant plunged therein. An equal quantity of the same water was placed beside it in a teat glass at the same time, without a root. The water in the second glasa remained infected; that containing the living root, on the contrary, was pure at tbe end of the fourth day; all the bacteria had dis appeared, and had been replaced by Urge infuso risl anlmaloulio of kiuds found only iu potable water. Water containing putrid meat was treated in the same way, with the same results. It was found that it was only necessary te im merse tbe root of a living plant therein for five days, to remove all the ill odor aud render tbe water pure ana sweet. Matcu Masks upon hard-finished walls may be removed by rubbing the waUs with a bit of pumice stone. Prevention is better than oure, and if mats made of sandpaper, cut in circular or hexagonal shapes, fastened upon pasteboard, and bound with bright colored braids, with a riug attached to a aaok, are hung near the match box, these unsightly disfigurements may be entirely prevented. Amkbican Plate Glass. The production of pUte glass, but recently introduced into this country, is making very rapid progress. There are now three polished putte glass mannfac toilet) in the United States one each at New Albany, Ind., LouUvUle, Ky., and St Louis, Mo., and one rough plate glass factory, at ajwox, atais. YoUHQ Folks7 Cot-df. Who is It? Surely a step on the carpet I hear, Some quiet mouse tbat is creeping so near. Two little feet mount the rung of my chair; True as I live, there Is somebody there 1 Ten Illy fingers are over my eyes. Trying to take me bv sudden surprise; Then a voice, calling In merriest glee, "Who Is It 1 Tell me and you may go free." "Who Is It ?" Leave me a moment to guess. "Some one who loves me?" The voice answers, "Yes." "Some one wbo's fairer to me than the flowers, Brighter to me than the sunBhiny hours 1 Darling, whose white little bands make me blind Unto all things that are dark and unkind; Sunshine and blossoms, and diamond and pearl, Papa's own dear little, sweet little girl 1" A Short Talk with the Boys. Boys, did you ever feel when you went to town and looked upon the well-filled stores, and fine business houses and beautiful resi dences, costly turn-outs and the well dressed men of your own age, that tbe old farm with its hard labor and your rough work clothes were not just the things? Haven't you won dered, while looking at the clerk who puts up the pins and tape mother sent for, with his fine clothes and huge watch and chain, if his place was not a great deal easier than yours? Haven't you wished you, too, were able to ap pear gay and stylish like him, with his hair parted on an equatorial line? Yes, you have. You have said to yourself, " These fellows have a good time and I am a slave." Now see here, boys, let's look over this mat ter. There are two sides to the many, many honest efforts men and women put forth to earn their livelihood. When the tired and worn-out clerk is able to get off at eight, nine or ten o'clock to bis bed in the room above the store or down in his cheap boarding house, after a long day's effort to pleaseevery body with some appropriate speech, trying to look pleasant over the grossest snubbing, boning gracefully to tne many wno doubt every word be says, and declare he lies to sell his pins and ribbons, he lays down to sleep, wishing be was among tbe green fields. If be is a poor boy, he looks off into tbe future, hoping some day to be a merchant among whom five in a hundred suc ceed. The business man working late and early to meet bis obligations, envies tbe farmer, whom bo surrounds with an ideal independence as far from tbe every day fact as vour dream, mv young friend, is from tbe real labors of over- worKed belps in all Kinds of city business Blight young men of all ages fill tbe towns looking for easy, respectable work thousands have come West to grow up with the country trusting to luck to get into some employment. Many are forced to accept work they never sup posed they would do, others drift about until they find themselves loafers, bummers, gam blers.preying upon society, trying to extort a liv ing without moderate labor. It won't do, boys whether it's law, medicine, merchandizing or farming genuine, honest success comes only through long and laborious exertion, and don't you be fooled by the glib talk, stove-pipe hat, or big, cheap cbain; they don't signily that life is easier or better to him than yours is to you. We don't mean to say to you that every boy born on a farm ought to stay there. Far mers reqnire special fitness for success in farm ing, as men do in law, medicine, ministry or mechanics, all have many blunderers in them. The point we are driving at is that success comes from especial fitness, application and a great deal of square, hard work, that there are no royal roads open to agriculture, or any other honest calling by which men suddenly become rich. And now, boys, we only ask of you in a common sense way not to imagine you ought to be a lawyer because you can repeat a passage from Burke, Clay or Web3ter. There is no profession in our opinion, that presents great opportunities to young men of courage, ability and clear grit than the study of agriculture as an honest calling f jr profit and reputation and uappiness'. iiememner, nowever, just one tbing, boys, viz: that the dienitv of labor of which we road so much, lies in the brains and heart of tne laborers, and not in the sou. Kansas Far mer. Molecules Theib Rslation to Pbessube. Every substance is now supposed to ba com posed of an immense number of molecules, which, even in the solid state, are never en tirely at rest, and, in the gaseous, are in a state of perpetual violent commotion, rushing about in straight lines in all directions with in conceivable rapidity ; and it is this perpetual bombardment, as it has been called, by these little particles, tbat explains tbe known press ure of gas on the walls of any containing ves sel?, the incessant impact of tbe molecules pro dueing the effeot of one continual pressure, just as upon the eye a Bucaessson of rapid flashes of light have the effect of one continu ous flame. Of course the molecules, although they are supposed to be separated for a very considerable distance from one another, are perpetually meeting and rebounding, and thus their velocity is interfered with, but there is a certain residuum of speed left, resulting in a mean velooity for the whole. This mean veloc ity indicates also temperature, and, for tbe same substance at one pressure, tbe same mean ve locity is always accompanied by the same tem perature. Dangers of Hidbooen Tox Balloons. Th Abbe Moigno calls attention to the need of placing restrictions on the sale of the miniature balloons inflated with hydrogen, which have lately appeared as a novelty in the Parisian toy shops. The case of a cabman is instanoed. who was very severely burned about tbe head and eyes, by an explosion inadvertently caused while reaching into his vehicle, by placing the end of a lighted cigarette near to one of these balloons that had been left therein by a child Les Mondes. An interesting experiment on the powers of electricity is tried by suspending a ten cent pieca by a thread and holding it inside of a glass jar. The thread must be held tightly be tween the forefinger and thumb, and the hand kept steady. In a few niomentsthecoin.be. coining charged with electricity from the hand, will take an oscillating motion, swinging rapidly to and fro, until it touches tbe side! or the jar. Some of our young readers with an eye to the curious may feel inclined to trv benefit " mentiou il tot ,bel Natobk of the Tails of Cojiets. U is known that tbe iron-nickel meteorites often conUln hydrogen in occlusion, but Wright has discovered by meane of the spectroscope that the stony meteorites contain the oxids of car! bon instead of the hydrogen, and it is given off at so low a temperature that it U often suffl. cUnt to mask tie hydrogen. The Mount of SJZJFrtTy"8 to WU sufficient IS .?3l.0.,Ua ' C0,Be h"e peetrum USEFUL l((fOrflTION. Notes on Iron. A flanged tire bar, 5 in, x 1.8 in. and contain ing 10.2 square inohes, requires upward of 200 tons pressure on a pair of ordinary shears to cut it open. In one experiment 210.G tons were required. A new railway bar bas been known to break in three pieces on simply falling from a wagon. A cast iron pillar, loaded with 97-100ths ot its calculated ultimate breaking strain, bore the load six months and then broke. Locomotive tires are gradually extended in ciroumference by the friction to which they are subjected. They often become so loose upon the wheels as to require to be taken off and set anew. Steel swells in hardening. Iron absorbs car bon and swells in case-hardening, as well as in conversion into steel. Forgings of scrap iron are liable in case-hardening to absorb carbon unequally, and to twist or vary, owing to the irregularities of tbe iron. In punching long angle iron with closely pitched holes, as for riveting, the iron is stretched, often half an inch in ten feet, and a different template should be used iu laying off tbe holes in such iron, so as to allow for the stretching. Cast steel, when hardened to too great an ex tent, has been known to explode violently. A case was reported in the Franklin Institute Jour nal, for 1814, where a hardened steel step or bushiug Vt inches in diameter, having a one eighth inch hole, exploded with a report like a pistol, A steel wire or bar of steel of whatever diam eter, having a tensile strength equal to 150,000 pounds per square inch, would just support its own weight, if 8 3-5 miles (4C.1CG feet,) long and suspended freely from one end, Forgings which have been hammered when nearly cold often prove very brittle, a quality occasionally attributed to crystallization. Suoh forgings, however, if brought to a good heat and allowed to cool slowly, recover their tough ness. Hard cast iron, when ca3t in very large masses, and allowed to cool slowly, is found to become soft. Heavy guns, when cast solid from hard iron, are found to bore easily. Tbe strength of i inch bolts made of a given quality of iron, biing twenty-three tons per square inch, Mr. Brunell found the Btrengtb of one-inch bolts of the same iron to be twenty-five tons to the square inch, while three-fourth inch and five-eighth inch bolts of the Bame iron bore respectively twenty-seven and thirty-two tons per square inch. By successively reheating and reworking puddle iron, Mr. Wm, Clay found that while its originaljtensile strength was 43,904 pounds per square inch, its strength at the sixth re heating was 01,824 pounds. Subsequent work ings reduced the strength until at the twelfth reheating it again stood at 43,904 pounds. Ex. To Make Leather Wateb-Pboof. The Bayerisches Industrie und Geicerleblatt contains a proceeding, which bas been patented in Bavaria, for rendering hose of fire engines completely water-tight, so as to withstand the greatest pressure. The hose are, after they have boen cleaned and dried, impregnated with a mixture of 100 parts of glycerine of 24u R. and 3 parts of carbolic acid, which maybe done either by drawing the hose through the liquid, or, better still, by brushing it well in. Thus treated, the hose are said to preserve a certain degree of dampness, without, ho ever, being liable to rotting in the least degree, and so suf fering deterioration in quality and durability. The brass fittings of the ho3e are attacked only imperceptibly by the acid contained in the composition; but even this may be easily pre vented by giving them before impregnation a coating of weak shellac varnish, or by greasing them well with tallow. The hose must be cleaned every time they have been used, dried, and impregnated anew with the liquid. As frost does not affect the mixture, hose pre pared in the above manner do not freeze easily at low temperatures. If the preparation named is as affective as stated when used in connec tion with hose, it should be especially valuable as an application for leather boots for miners' use. To Fix Papeb on Dbawino Boabbs. Take a sheet of drawing paper and damp it on the baok side with a wet sponge and clean water. While the paper is expanding, take a spoonful of wheat flour, mix with a little cold water, and make it a moderately thick paste; spread the paste round the edge of the drawing paper one inch wide with a feather, then turn the draw ing paper over and press the edgee down on the board. After this take four sttaight pieces of deal wood, three-fourths of an inch by two and one-fourth inohes wide; place them on the edge ot the drawing paper, and put a large book or heavy weight on each corner to make the paper adbere firmly to the board. la about an hour's time the paper will be straight and even, and auiteready for executing a drawing. When le drawing is finished, take a sharp knife and raise one comer of the paper, then take a scale, run it around the edges, and tbe paper will come off easily. Tarn over and take the dry paste off with a knife, and all will be perfectly clean, and no paper will be wasted. New Speaking and Heabiho Tbummt fob Diveks. An apparatus patented by Bremen & U., of Kiel, and introduced for trial into the uerman Imperial Navy, not only enables the diver to communicate with those at the air pump, but also to hear distinctly, to a depth of sixteen fathoms, every word Bpoken at the jurface. The absolute safety of the diver tetog thus secured, it is expected that they will be able to work for smaller wages, thus rendering their services available in many cases tmT ?tun7.u0terwi86 'ould be too costly. Ill ?1lthtt e Mention is very simple, and can be attached, without muoh expense, to any S Jln5 8?PftratU8;, The main Principle in lut!d .ue Wtotion of vibrating metallic ;. i r th PfpPagation of the sound, with-?u-;i?.r.1er' awngthem to come in con tact with tbe water. n.? Us F0B MoLAas In consequenoe of m!rf? f t'106 of rnolMse8, attsmpU are being mn 7.ce toin,wduce it in the place of StaE?" i.lltaMed either in form, der, and just at this moment it is cheaper than .i .i7 mannr. 'bile it contains all itseasen tial elements in equal abundance. As soon, moTaJ.6' a!i.,he .coid weatoer C0BIM ". " S .wiU sgaJn qa"d for cattle-feed-i?8Jrases' a?A'wi11 Probably rise tj a price f$k jt,wonW be useless for manure.-5our. ofApp, defence, t!nS,t?i0'.1f8aboTe tef" to is that ob tauaed in the process of the manufacture of ml?f m be?,g' Such molasaee at tbe Sacra mento sugar factory U used for distilling pur poses, and converted into brandy. tJ'!mADT MUMUhed the fact that goes are tolling Jw of liquids posseesing a very low f ' T i . '.i f rt Jt'i ' tijfcj Vt'