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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 7, 1876)
f $3.00 per Year, in Advance. SALEM, OREGON, , J ANUARV7, 18 70. X Volume Vir. Number ilT IHE CASH SYSTEM. The farmers of Oregon, of this coast, and .elsewhere, are all allye to Iho advantages anil and Importance or dealing strictly Tor cash, and we bavo a Cow brief remark to make on that subject. "We have tried tin credit system, and are tired of It, A portion of our subscribers pay up punctually, but the most do not. We lose interest money, and moet with some loses, and the subscription list does not average oyer $2.50 for each subscriber, per an jiutrj, and this leads us to miklugtho follow ing change In term?: Hereafter all renewals mid subscrip tions; where the cnxli shall accompany tlio order, can bo jmld itt $2.5 D er nu ll nm. All Sulc'rtitlu that are nllowed to run thirty ta over time will be In variably $3.00 per annum. Till oiler Is made to Induce irciHment of Mibkcrlp tlnuH. and will bo applied only to iHoho ivlio iuy strictly In udiuiicc. All those who are receiving this paper are Invited to remit the balance that will be due us on the 1st of Janutry, and add fi.uO to pay for the year 1870. That will commence the year punctually, and place them on the freplad cash basis. A look at your tar will show you how much on will be Indebted to us January Itt At the rate of 25 cts a month. Remittances can be made by registered letter, currency can bo i-ent by mall at Its current value, or money am be paid to our local agents. For fb Willamette Farmer. 1 0UB HILLS. &c. BY A. F. DAVIDSON. Concluded. I have been asked, "How veto our bills formed along tho bass of the Cascades and In the valley?" This is a profound question. I will, however, answer it as best I can. 1 in I j; In cut show, my answod by saving, as David Crcckeit did, "God Almighty niHrie tbetn." Inasmuch as we know absolutely nothing of the First CVu?e, we propose In answer this quostiou by looking at second ary causes. The uu is the cause of all the plier.omena wo see around us. Heat, light, electricity, .magnetism, Ac, are only -various modes of nioiioa ; and force is at the bottom i fall mo tion ; and force is derivative, flowing from tho mm. The-, then, are mwns u'ed to t'nds. Causes producj effect-, piitmirlly ; eUTj-Cts become causes, secondarily. As a ewusequeuc, then, results point to causes; our hills aid results; therefore, our hills point to causo. Now we co.iih to the work. What are, or were, tbocmses which produced our hill? They were produced, mostly, by iJuiJal an lion during several ice-axes ; some of our smaller bills were produced by glacio aque ous action during several diiit ages or peii ods. By the aid of astronomy, geology, an.l physical inecneu'iv, both iemtrial aud co Jestial, we mi h &tlle t0 imravel the tnje tery. There baye been several ice-ages, as the geographical strata and ehorographlcal fea tures of our earth clearly show. When the Cascades were first thrown up.tho sea rolled over the now Willamette, and the Coast nbain of mouutains was tbeu submerged. Thou Hinds of years afterwards the -Coast chain emerged from the sea, and the Willamette ira a vat bay. Wben, In accordance with estronoi ileal laws, our earth's orbit slowly alters Its form; DOW nearly a circle, and then m oreoecentric; It Is during the period at which the earth' orbit has least eccentricity, tbe temperate and intemperate climates, wbiih repeal their cycle In SJl.OuO years, are severally Jeas tern- peratu and intemperate than wh u, some a,00 000or2,000 0C0 years later, the earth's orbit has j act-eel its extreme eceem. jliij. 32cu hemisphere, then, dnrinirtbU period, uiuxt Js 10.S00 jors, alternately, lir ex tninn leaf or extreme cold. If, then, our JiflinV-pheni nwed through sn ! e.g of X) M0 yW, II." glaciers on we nsraov luu.t huvn been from 3(M)lo20CWfe"tdep, n-itl some iKfK on Hie Cos' chain, 'ft- moun tain were . cp un-ch blb r 'in .1 V BO. t J-'-' v...U ,,-ccit.a iw,v doe j. y i 1 sot " 4.ttstflf,ffcor H.W jf .S . ,elii g.' wr. A Four-Page Supplement with the ice age, l lie accumulation of snow, em etled by its own weight, mint hfive formed im mense masses all along these then towei ing mountains of ice, forming glacial fields por lentous nd awful, and descending by forco of gravity to the bay below lhe.Willametto valley crtuhhig, aud bearing along with thpin masses of trap and basalt, with other debris, torn from tho mountain sides, end pouring these down on the already deeply frozen basin bulow now in pile", now In chains, now In rlrlges. Tbis abstracting, grinding, and depositing process must have gone on lor from 6,100 to 7,000 years in one epoch or ice-age. Aud bow inauy of those has our earth pasted through? Asktbosun, and be will not fell you. Wo trace three, however, in the deposits forming our foot hills along the Cascades, and Coast chain, and two uioie in the deposits, buttcs, ana hills in the valley. These glacial fit-Ids, in their Irresistible downward pressure, ground down tho lops of tho mountains, wore vast grooves through them, and deposited, wllh tho ice, at their fut, tho now loot-hilN, bulttf, and smalltr elevations through tho valley. No wonder our hills are rich rich In dob rls of ice grouuil rotks and soils rich, deep down, In the debris ot bj -gone tiges apes ol oouv ulslen aud war; ages of inteuso cbld, of snows, aud storms. Hero were means to ends e-ausps and tllVcts, and the results are w list? Hills of ground up inorganic mid orgauio matter, forming the deepest and richest soil ou earth. Thouah many of our hills are from 300 to 1,000 Teet bih, yet they are splendid soil from top to bottom. Wells dug In them titty or sixty feet show little dif ference in the composition of tho soil, tho' them are frequently lound strata of older materials. Tula shows, in part, that Ibcte were several eras of deposits, or lhat the ice laden streams shllied iu tbbir course, as was do doubt tbe case. In process of time, the Ice-age passed away, and was succeeded by a genial age, to which the flora uud fauna came forili ri io iuti iu the dawn ot a new morning. Owing to the altered position of our earth, olel Sol poured forth his irradiating beams ot light, Iltv, and beauty over tho lute scene of deso lation. The ice meltd awav in the low lands, gradually tho heat crept up the low ering lietgbus, uud the sun no longer rises on vast ice bound ami snow -covered mountains and hills. The vallys and hills are enum eled wlih a carpet of green, and the mount ains studded vrh immense forests, dark, and darkly bt-KUtlul, as the warm breezes pl,y among tbe leaves and bios.' through tbe branches. Where the vast masses of ice wore down preioves, gorgns, ctflons, now ldUfjhH tin) little l 111, now leaps tbe bvbblini; brook, now ro.us the tumbling torrent, and deep down plunge the headlong waters, dashing on to the vallw below. There it is. Here, then, we see the action of sorun of thos great ciuvs which operate throughout tho vastdoiiMtn ot matter. w'TMrviiM-H3rmcnl Letter jercm Kortb. Yarnkill. Nnurii Yamiiili., Jan S, 1ST0. KntToll l-'AHMhie. I have lor a lung time fallvd to lu'tiU my piuuilse to yu, viz, to furnish jem villi an occasional item frmn tbis place, lor sooia can my bnsicesseon iiniuly puhes mo, so that often) I sea reel y find time for rnidlng the papers, much le-ti for writing, this want of lime la perhaps more owing to mismanagement ou my part tbau lo my being really so very industrious Kurmora in this part bayo been somewhat disappointed In that owing to the very early and long continued rains, they have been aide to do but very little fall seeding, aside from tho sowing of summonallow, However as UiOit farmers here Hummer fallow more or less of their lai.d, there is quite a larpe extent of fall wheat, all looking very promising, and as the time of year i almost past when we expect hard freezing if stall, Mill Ibis being tLe only destroyer thui we have at yet had ocesasiou to tear, you may expect quit sure that we will report next harv est a fin yield of winter wheat. Nearly all tbe remaining wild land that Is clear of timber la being broken up, and iarte prep aration being- mudo lor an extensive spring crop. The grange at thl place is in a prosperous condition. The e lllcertf elected lor the en suing' year were iiistullid on New Years day. A general turn-otic of the members ws had. A lino dinner vs set by the U!ir which was piriken of frte'y by nil piessnr. Worthy Ma.'cr 1J It. l.ni;hYn, n J bl bierj ? ct, r et our ruc?e lor no or,, rnd ! 0 i'itnv.i iOS. eii retiring - JJ t-9 0.'ja:r t ptoJwil pyShomem- bers of tbe graiue with a nice camif as a lokeu ol tlielc appre elation of his zsalijps and untiring labors as their Master lor aCIonga time. U. V. Hedwell the newly installed Master has been a very use till mombor of the grange since Us orcaiilzaifoD, auel I have no doubt will acquit hiiuSelf equally Well with his predecessor. Tho heavy rain last yretjk biouaht the Yam bill up to a booming stage, much higher than has been known for many years, we hive as yet beard of but 1 1' tie duuago being dine. Bridges on sloughs tiro iu many places badly wrecked, and in some cases waslod entirely away. A full si noil In in progress tit North Yam bill Academy with Mr. II. C. Lleceraa teacher. Mr. Lie cor wai formerly a teacher at Fore't Grove, and has acquired a good reputation here as well as there. A debiting club has been organized et this place which ppars lo command consideia bio interest. II. O. Lincer, Teacher, and Hon. I.oo Lniiglilln, are nmoug the most able participants. I). C. S. Statement of Flax raised by Messrs. Par rish & ililler, Jefferson, Marion Co. There were eighty acres sown, with two bushels of seed per acre, making 109 bushels In all. This st-d e-ot ?5 Iu Jellorson, and was (ho imported Dutch seed. Tho flax yielded ten bushels of sped per acre, which will all grow, and not tako more than ono and a half bushels per acre to make it us thick as that which they sowed. Not more than three-fourths of the seed sown came up, being, It is thought, damaged by the long se i voyage. The entire crop of seed is saved for sowing, aud that which they do not sow themselves they will sell for ?l per bushel or 7 cents per pouud. Simples ot the lint have been sent to tbe manufacturing firms of Smith, of Meohanicsvllle; Lape & Co., of Hart's Falls; Thompson A Osfney.of Valley Kails; and H. M. Crane, of Schenec'ady: all of tho State of Now Yi rk; also, to II. O, Akin, of Jobnsouvlilo, N. Y,,an experienced man in growing and dressing llux, ho bar ing been Jn the business for oor thirty years. Mr. Akin went to theso manufactur ers, and they all pronounced It worth twenty cents per pound, when North River flax utut worth only sixteen cents, and of u better quality thun any NorUi Kivor liax they ever saw, and equ dly as food It not bettor than the Dulcb. 'Ihe last-named manufacturer, Mr. Crane, is expected here in a short time, to locate inSaleti or Portland, to manufac ture shoe tint ad and till kinds of twino. Mr. Crane is an exeeriencsd manufacturer, and will make flax worth as much here ua in New York ntv, If ho locates here. The cost of pulling this IHx waes follows; Phlimmnn, SlD'tf !aj 219 nO While labor, 235 days 27S 50 5 till 00 Cost ol polling nor aern, ?(i Hi Co-r, nf wMpplnit the Hed off, rotting, pr'llnr, tal.iiie up, binding, drawing to luriw, e'e mini.', and li rawing coed to vvaie lioiiwe about two miles; Cliinammi, .'( divs S2.')0 On While laboi, IfaO duya 22! i"U 917a no Cost per acre, $i 01. There were U.",r0 bUndlca of tho flax, ylddinir, as far bs dressed, ono and a half pounds psr bundle, equal lo 37 000 pounds of lint, which is a yield of VSilYx pounds per acre. The lint is worth twenty cents in New York city, and filteen cents In Portland, gold. Velneof lint per acre ?C9 37J Seed, at (1 per bu , 10 bus. ler acre... 40 00 Total alue per acre $100 37K Cost of seed, 2 bu. per acre $5 810 00 Toial cost or labor $12 0S,V Total cost per acre 22.0S; Not profit per acre $S7 29j Farmers will perralve lhat this statement doesnot tiiHndotiie cost of putting in the land and of breuklm; and H-utclilngth" ilix. A fiituroHtatement will be made to coyer thtse tliinxs. Messers. Parrisb ,t Miller have their mill In nitration, which Is located i miles from Jellrtrson, near Mr. Miller's residence. Any farmers wisliing to sow flax can call on Messrs. Parrish A Miller and get all the in formation they ileslro. Ilavimr superintended the work on the above ilix, I will touch for the correctness of this report. Kiiwahii Akin, Succi:i:ds Wi:i.(-A great many MibscritiOM aru ncceptitifr our prtposi llon to p.iy up to Jin. 1st, ami renew for 187ii at S'J.SO In uflvaiici. Jt is rr.it irylnir tot), tSmt wo riTi-Ivo iinny now stiljsfjiptIons.it tli riu 'i"il price for r Juinri' y ,yn tut. ( u'li ),i 1 nal p,jjs its i.ot'fcT, ttu'J .;l-o pjya our &ul) crlbfrs much bettor. Farmer this Week. Death of David Weston, A Pionosr of 1812. BuiTKvn.i.n, Jan. 1st, 1876. EniTon FAUMi-.n: A a special meeting of Butleville Oiange, D.c. 2Nt, the iollovvlng proceedings were had : .1. W. Orlm, Ms'r, announced the rteath of l)ro. David Weston, which nccuried ai his larm residence lmat tills ptuco on Sun day, the 10 h insc. Atter 11 tew appropriate lemarks by tbe Matter, a comu)lcto was ap pointed lo pieseut resolutions at the next mealing expressive of ttio feelings of the leelluisol me mombrson lecelvlng tho sad intelligence of ilro. Wesion's eleatti. Then procteded in a biely to attended the funorel service, which was conducted iu amordauco vvi'b tho rites of the Or ler. Whereas, vve have learned with t'eep re gret ihor llro llivld Weston depaited this lite 11-c. 19 h, 187.r); therefore, Resolved, That in the death of Rro. Dtvid We-'ou, Hutteville Orange has Ids', a wnrtliv member, aiid Oregon un onrly pioneer and usMiil citizen. That, In obedtenosto this dlspptisitlou of Prov IdMne-e wo humbly bow In sorrow, aud express our sympathy with the bereav ed family and friends ot the doceased. That, The Oregonwn and Wli.i.AMr.iTr. FAiistun be rest-eltoUy requosted by the Secretary ol this Grange to publis'i a copy of these rot'Olullous. W. H. Runs, 1 X iAriiiinu, J. s. Vauuhn, Committee. The eild Pioneers, ono by ono are, f nt going, The tirtit geQeiattou suon have passeel by. Whilst a low ynt remln, with sad hearts overflowing, Let us p ly a last tribute to each as thoy die. David Weston was born In the State of In diana, July 4th, 1820; from thence he re moyed with his parents to the Territory of Arkansas in 183 , Just prior to tho admission of that territory Into the Union, whore he ontinued to reside until IS II, when, in com pany with the late T. D. Kelztjr and family, he started (or Oregon. Ibey passed tho fol lowing winter iu Missouri. Hut as the time approached when tbey were about to cut Ioo-o trom their old base of supplies end launch out upon what at that lime seeined to be an almost boundless waste, Mr. Kelzer decided to defer making the joumpy until the follow lug spring. Hut young Weston, fully intent upni accomplishing the hazard on enterprise In which he had embarked, ut otico entered into an arrangement with Mr. Vardeman Uiiiinntt and family, by which ho wis to beionio their camp boarder during lli-Ir jourtievings across tho wide expanse ot ocemn-Iike plains. Tho indefatlgible libora of Oregon's first, best trloiul, Hall. J. Kelly, bad now through tho sklllol culture received at the hand tot Col. Boiiton aud Dr. Linn but jost begin to jletd its long looked for fruits. Tim JitOo party of men, women, and children, with whom Divlil Weston, otrly in May, lbl2, crouhd tho wes.eiu border of oniliznion, aie justly recognized us the first emigrants iropxr who hid left their eastern hom-.s with the avowed Intention ol i-tnbllbliig Uiomselves formaiuiii'ly as. lipsh.indmim upon Orepoti vlriu soil. Aiinxig thoso who oi'l'tij-i d iu this early enrprl may be mentioned our felllow clll.t-ns, V. X. Ma film), S. W. Mos, and A. 1j. IioveJ'i , ramus tamlliar iu Oregon thirty thioe jliiis ago. Wvviel Wexton, pi lor to leaving Arkamas, had af(iilred some knowledge ot blacksmith ing, and soon ufter reaching the Willami tie valley he entered tbe smith shop of T. J, Hubbard, askllllttl mechanic who had came to tho Territory under the auspices of Cape Wyeth, aud Is now living in Umatilla county, having nearly re.ichod his three score yeais uud ten. Notwithstanding Mr. Weston had never received any advantages from scho , nature had endowed him with a genius which soon enabled him lo raaau tho trout mule ol Oregon's mot skillful artificer. He seleo ed a land claim next bulow ths lam nted Or, New ell's on tho WllliuictU river, upon which his family noar reddes. When, In 1817, the Provisional Government of Oregon called for volunteers to march Into the coun try of the hostile Cay use Indians, he prompt ly oflered bis service, fully cqulped for the conflict, served as a Lieutenant In that memorable campaign, in Oregon's first rogl mentot mounted volunteers, remaining u' his pott of duty until the last ompaiiy (Capt. Martln'n) was withdrawn from tho field. David Weston, under all the thangltig vicissitudes of li'e, was a true frlond, a lcliicl uud liosphablo man. Thero wrei pient nt bN funeral O'd Pioneers fri m ( ekni9s, Ybitifnil. I' lie. iind ; nl( ii i-i-u ) iss, iu 1 4V ill" t. st irlb no I of respect ,o his i i; iik, nut a lew ot wiki.u, , vitu Jeeiimta or U'jioisuea ao-rov, wept over his lotub. W. U. 11. MAGAZINES. Scribncr's Monthly, for January, is at hand and Is an appropriate commencement of the great Centennial year, opening as It do6H with a beautifully Illustrated description of " New York in the Revolution." There is also the first installment of a series of revo lutionary letters that are cortuln to be inter esting. This m egariue contains a rich ami varieel assortment ot literary treasures ami we caituol see that any Intelligent family can make beltar Use of a few d .llus, ($1 cunou cy is the prlcn) than to subscribe lor u work that will come monthly unit serve as n means of culture aud refinement, for Sciibner'a Monthly is devoted to literary aud soci il cul tivation and progress. A lew dollar well applied in ihe purchase of good leading mat ter vo ooiuider us much a necessity for eve ry pleasant home as that .heivt bu sowed to raise bread. I'ho fooo for tho budy Is cou su.rTcd eauu day to keep the physical uian iViivo, but the lood lor the ni'iid become pai t ami pot tion of tin ever growing Intelli gence that can never dlo. Many a mind re mains dwarftd aud uai row sighted when If well fed it could grow to rutid sizo and bu houoied aud respected. Tho inagulno lller ature ot our tUy jmssesses greit value, for with the lighter remiitii: is mingled much to educate and instinct. Ut. Xtcholaa, Scrlbner's monthly magnzine, for the young people, Is also ut haud, and is crnwdeel full of chaimlug siories, paeuis, and adveulures, all ot vvhlcti aro Illustrated wllh biautliul eugravinns. One by one the dillerent iiMgaz'ues published tor tha young folks babe been absorbed by tho St A7cietu, until at last It has no competitor of any note, mid iudeeel we cannot see how any competitor can arise wheu it possesses so many attractions. Tho present number Is otlculatud for the hoi days uud iu partlcu lutly inteiesliug. Mixed Farmuur Necessary. KniTOn FAitMKit: 1 notice u most excel lent urticle Iu tho Faumimi Dm. 17ih, under the htad of " Mixed or Special Farming," but there is one idet iu fayor ol'inlxtd form iiilt Hint is Impiei-eii iijroi my mind that whs not spoken of, mid that is, that overy yetr some one or more of the aulcles tl ut cm be piodueed by a evstinu of mixed tunn ing bears a high price, sa that the loie-haud-cil laruier who lollo'v the mixed pliiu can aUvays havo something ill rnatket that pays him 'ell fir its piodur'l n. Aud when wo ojuia to i-iinsider tliut wo sow anil we plant almost entirely in tlioditlv is regards lo our knowledge of what the lttluio market will bo, it seems to tut f i ba.s-uoohHIo.; that lur Diet's wilt risk tilt ir all on any one speciil an.ute, when if that nrllilo that he has pio dueed goes down, down lie uoch without tiny power to help Idiiis'-lf. Yrs, Mr. Uliinr, mi led ftuiiln,,' lot' one ino'to, out of debt for .uiothei, aud aucuesb will follow. L. II. JUUHON, Sai.k.m, Jan. 3 I, lh"li wss4n, A ftienii writitifr from Yor.eilln, J)on;l.i's county, suys; " Wo tiro lutv ino; tlio liciiviost r.iins of tho boason. Tho .stroams aro all bank full unci many of tlicm aro ovQii!i)wiiir. Tito weath er Js very warm, ami tliero litis liui'ii no frost yet, not ovon onotitrh to nip tho tomatoo or melon vinos. Stock looks well, iind if uo hovoro wetithor cmnos in this next two weeks, wo tiro all rljrht for tho winter, draw is iriowlni,', ami RTrilonltig will soon hegin if tho rain ritops. Puom Coos County. Mr. StophfU UiUer, teeretary of North Cottuillir Grarigo, Xo. 17.'$, at Dora, Coos county, writes us: " Ourfrrantro is jettlntr alontr llnoly, build Itifr a now hull 20 x ill), two .stories lilrl tho lower for it stthod Iiouso and tito upper for tho nicotine of tlio Krantje." Doc. lilth .strawltorries and myrtle treed wore iu lilooin tliore, homothliifr never known bofoio iu that region. " J fnppy Hal " touches a thcnio Hint Hhotilil I'ommeml itself to every homo where tlio F.uimiik roaches, anil other communications from tho kiiiio pen aro on hand that will he fount of prat tle d ns well im pootk'ttl Ip't'fest, fur :.,,. 1 t, i o off lie Ji . - i is wi'lli.o t'l h" tr from lteuiust stic i't ing In prose. 1 J .4 U 1 i l Hi J! 2 ii Jk I IA tnx rt '1 ml l It-'3 mm i. 11 In! nilfJ"VfliVi ' ' '-' Pj&t.r- -v:.4c "gHL",'" J.vli.. Hi TT.