&
i
$
I
4
i
!
$3.00 per Tear, in Advance.
IHB.CASR-SYSTEBL
The farmers of Oregon, of tbla oout, and
elsewhere, are all alive 10 tbo advantages and
ad Importance of dealing atriotly for cash,
mod we have a few brief remark to make on
that subject.
We have tried thi credit system, and are
tired of It, A portion of onr subscribers pay
sp punctually, bat the moat do not. We lose
interest money, and meet with some losses,
and the subscription list does not average
ver 92.60 for each subscriber, per an
snm, and this leads us to making the follow
log change in terms:
Hereafter all renewals and subscript
. (tons, where tbe cash shall accompany
(He order, earn be paid at $2.50 per in-
am. Alt Subscriptions tbat are allowed
to run thirty days ovor time will be In
variably $3.00 per annum. Tbla offer is
tnade to lndace prepayment of Subscrip
tions, and will be applied only to those
who pay strictly in advaace.
All those who are receiving this paper are
Invited to remit the balance that will be doe
as on the 1st of January, and "add $2.60 to
pay for the year 1870. That will commence
(he year punctually, and place them on the
sreplad cssh basis.
A look at your tag will show yon how
nnchyon will be Indebted lo as January lt
at the rate or 25 ots a month.
Remittances c-ra be made by registered
Jetter, currency can be sent by mall at Its
current value, or money can bo paid to our
local agents.
For tbe Willamette Farmer.
Cur Hills-Brush Land Their Composi
tion Fertility Questions Answered.
BY A. F. DAVIDSON.
Too much can hardly bo said on Ibese sub
jects. A large portion of land, all over our
valley, is now covered with oak grubs,
young rlr, runple, bazlfl.&o., and because it
tikes labor to giuh, pile, burn, and elrsr-up
such land, and ibui tit It tipfirtlllK, niany
rgard kuoIi lands as of no value In compar
eon to smooth prsirlo. Tbe mere objeo Ion
cf brush is not tbo oi.ly oun urel, against
' tbene lands, but tboy are sld to bo rolling
and full of branches, sloughs, bills, and hol
lows. Now, we ore willing to admit tbo oIJpc
tlou, In no fr as thtt tenth are concerned, but
fire unwilling to mini it the validity of tbe
objection as lo tbeir being rnlliPit, Ac , lor
all know wlio are arquaiuted with hydraul
ion that rolling lauds curry olf all Btirplu
water, and ihua counterbalance their rolling
qualities. Soon after a rain, on suob lauds,
the plow may run. Not so with tbe piairits
or level lands.
If it cost a bravy outlay in the earlier
stages of maklug a firm in the hilly, brush
lands, tblsh coinpousated by future produc
tiveness in the richer soil. Richer from tbe
disintegration of tbe grubs, brush, leaves,
jand ashes, and their Integration by plants.
Tbexe landb can all bedrianed, btwi-ie there
la plenty of fall to do so. Nor need there be
any uuder-dralns, nut simply open surface
drams. Here is a great saving in both mo
ney atd time. On the flat lauds, tbe cost ot
draining, if we would have the soil in prop
er condition, is expensive and the labor
great.
In Illinois, tbe prairies were settled firs',
Sot a reason; and the rough lauds, as ibb
oak points and nszle hills were then called,
were neglected. In a few years, the Ger
mans, and especially the English, came in
and settled on thoae oak or rough Uuds,
clearing them up, aud making flue farm of
them. These lands, though cslled poor and
roagh granitic and aluminous proved to
be tbe beat wheat land In" Illinois. Wnj T
Hot because they Mere tbe richest, but be
bum they contained all tUe inorganic con
stituents so necessary to the successful
growth of the cereals; and, further, they
war dryer, and, therefore, loss affected by
frraalagoul; besides, tbe straw was stifler
aaa seldoBB Ml down. Why was the straw
tUttoT Forth elear reason that silica was
abundant In tbla soil, sb without sUloio
acid to foria tbe gloss on the stalks and
leave, giving I hero rigidity and strength, no
grain will eland well. But this is not all.
Nucli land being based on a calcareous sub-a-oll,
fiu.'iUb to the plant all the pboapbstes
siid sulj.-iurUi at'd i.eveuury U ttieir perfect
iowtiu Jttucs. tiiAa gro u ou such Uud
A Four-Page
SALEM,
is comparatively freo from rust, smu', Ac,
whereas, rich, level prairies being too moist,
and containing too much orgaulo matter, bu
rn as, peaty and other black mold, the straw
is feeble, liable to rust, and the grain often
sbrlveUd and light.
The case is similar, though not to the same
extent, here. Our hill lands produce our
heaviest aud best-matured wheat. All the
red hills, or foot lands, along the Cascades
on their west tide, are of the best wheat
lands. They are called "red hills," or ba
saltic bills. But they are not merely basaltlo
in their nature, for, although tbe rocks are
mostly btsalt, there are other rocks than Ig
neous. Thero are various sedimentary rock.
as sand-stones, conglomerate, and argilla
ceous; breccia and calcareous marl are abun
dant, and deop down are vast limestone
beds, The Igneous rooks seem most plenti
ful because ou the surface, but on closer ex
amination the majority wbloh have iormed
tbe soil are botn sedimentary and metatnor
pbio. As a consequence, then, we may ex
pect to find, as we do find, that these red
hills are admirable in tbolr mineral constitu
ents. Sand and lime are scarcer than they
should be, yet, by deep tillage, summer-fallowing,
and pasturing by sheep, goats, and
hogs, they will not only prove very product
ive, but among our most lasting lands. And
yet tbese hills are objected to for tbe follow
ing reasons : First, they are very rocky, oft
en fields of rocks. Secondly, they are rough,
steep, often cations and deep ravines. Third
ly, they are growing np, and are oven now
quite brushy, in many places. Fourthly,
gardens cannot be made successful unless in
damp or irrigated places.
Now, I am willing to grant tbe first, seo
ond, and third objections, but to the fourth I
put in a plea of demurrer. Ret me say, I
know from practical experience tbat as good
vegetables can be grown on our highest,
roughest, rooklest, dryest hills, as were ever
grown, the soli Is manured, or, better yet,
sheep or cattle corralled ou the land every
other year; tbat is, have two garden spots, In
one you are growing your garden "truck,"
while to tbe other you corral your sbeop on
it, plowing and harrowing In the manure ev
ery month thus keeping it mellow and rich.
You will say Ibis is a "heap of trouble."
True. But trouble in tbo loun ot labor
' moves ibe woild," and he who will rot la
bor should suffer, nml ha who will not use
bit iutuliect lu adopting means to accomplish
euds, not only ought to, but will, aud must,
HiiflVr.
I have be on asked, Why are our hills most
ly red ? I answer, It is tbe oxide of iron, or
pemxitle. This Is iron rust. Tbe iron initio
soil coming in contact with the oxygon of the
ir, produces a compouud called oxide of
irou, or, more properly, peroxide, which is
red. Hence lbs, red color ol our lied Dills.
To be continued
Pacific Coat Thoroughbred Stock Journal
and Hecord.
Ed. FArtMEU : Permit me lo ask the atten
tion of your readers w ho htve Interacts can
nected with the improvement of stock on
this coast to the above named periodical. It
supplies a waut that a large and Increasing
class devoted to stock-growing and stock-Improvement
have long felt. Especially (o
those it ho have davokd lime aud uior.fy io
the Oslabllslitucnt of studs, herds, or flocks
of thoroughbred animals of any Itlud, does
this new enterprise commend itself as tbe
receptacle of tbe history of stock growiug
and stock-Improvement, and place of de
posit of pedigrees of stock, as foundations for
Improvement of studs, herds, or flocks yet
to be established. . Tbe interests represented
by such a paper as tbe "Stock Journal and
Record " alit-sriy hate a firm foothold on
this coast, and are bound to multiply until
all tbe country from Panama to Alatka west
of the Rocky Mountains Is supplied, each
district with ibe particular kind of ttock best
calculated for profitable care. As one having
acoinmou Interest with many others in the
eslablUbtueut of such a journal, wish it
abundant success. J. Miirro.
Wants to Know.
Mayfikld. Cuyahooa Co . Ohio, 1
Nov. 21, 1876. J
Editor WiUaaseUe Farmer : Will yon have
the kindness to publish la yonr oolnmns tbe
post-office sddme of F. A. Deahield, James
Bendarahotl, and Samuel Coot all formerly
front Iowa. I wish to know tbeir post-otto
address, aa I want to write to tbsm for Infor
mation about Onttoa. I once knew them all
I want to crme ouc tbfre, and desire lo learn
wneru tney me. l am reader or your val
uable paper. W. A. Tikbp.
We publish tbe abava-to (.hat the parlies
named can answer lt.J
Supplement with the
OREGON, DECEMBER
Protection of Sheep.
Ed. Farmer; This terrible weather makea
the shepherd think seriously what he can do
for his sho6p besides giving them the ordina
ry feed and the shelter of sheds at night.
With the pasturage as good as it is now, It
seems a pity to turn sheep out of warm dry
sheds in the almost continuous rains we
have been having of late, and yet it i a lots
and Inconvenience to keep tbem np. With
high-bred, open-wooled sheep, the shock
must be very great to go from the sheds into
the cold rains, and it seems to me quite prob
able that it is owing to tbat cause so many of
them are affected with rnnnlng at the nosp,
fco. With tbem, the cold reaches tbe skin
where the long wool generally parts along
the back, especially of lambs and young
sheep, much sooner than it penetrates the
thick oily floece of tbe Merino. But let a
flock of Merino tegs be exposed to these
"Hcavr, dark, con tit rod. a' day rains,"
and they come np at night a rather forlorn
looking lot of animals. In casting about
how to get the benefit of the lender green
grass we now have for my sheep, and yet
not have tbem loaded down with' water by
exposure in getting it, I have come to the
conclusion to try what the English and
Scotch' call "brattsi1' that' is covers made of
oloth. In Britain they use two kinds wool
and'flax. It is claimed that woolen oloth
made of Inferior carpet wool will last five
years at a cost of six pence cash, of flax last
ing two years lor SJipencw 7 to to 12 cents.
I have just bad fifty made of stroDg white
cotton drilling, at 10 cents each. They are
fixed on by a broad strap of cloth across
the undersideof the neck, and fastened down
to the back by strings (I made them of cloth
too) tied across tbe brisket behind tbe shoul
der, another across the belly before the hind
legs, und one behind tbe hind legs. A pleca
ot cloth SO by 30 inobes will make a good
cover for a medium sized Merino. Thoy are
a great protection, even with the cloth alone,
and I have no doubt tbat If prepared by dip
ping in tar, linseed oil, or melted india-rubber,
to make thum waterproof, they would
last longer And be still more effective.
British flock-owners claim that In addition
to suviug the Jives of many sheep from th
ellec's of inclemopt leather, they add great
ly to the value of tbo flroce, by both WMgnt
and quuiiiy, the natural oil to preserved
kfcepiug the wool souud aud sut'!l".
J. Minto.
Holes from Waldo Hills.
BKvk Olen, Dec. 18, 1875,
Editob Faiimkh: Timet are rather lively
in tbo lulls this winter, there It quite an
amount of new land being cleaned up, and
plowed ready for tbe spring sowing; in fact,
land owners wu to accept the situation that
slock raising is played out and have gone lo
farming In barnest. This vicinity has re
ceived quite an addition from Canada of sev
eral nutorprUIng well-to-do farmers, aud
more coming. The old (own of Sublimity Is
taken by the Dutch of lh right sort, wheth
er from Holland I know not, but Just the
kind to build np business.
Tbe Rock Point Farmers' Clnb will meet
on the second Saturday in January at one
o'clock, for the election "If officers, and a de
bate OU the prcposiiloii; Resolved, That
frult-raUlng is inoro profitable than grain
ralelug. There are several p'.autlng new orchards.
Tbe plum, prune, und Ute beeping apples,
aro the varieties. While on tbe prune I will
sly, in my op'n'on, that the tree will not be
very lasting in Oregon. It will paytopla-it
tbo hardy primes, but I think from my ex
perience the tree will no, hint very long, at
least on tbe open ground. Tbii thing ot
sheltered situations I will lake np some fn
turo time. O. W. Hum1.
Good Banch Tor Sale.
Wo call attention to tho notico pub
lished elsewhere of a good ranch for
aalo Jn Eastern Oregon, with the assur
ance that we have reason to believe
tho property very valuable and worth
attention from any one desiring to lo
cate there In the stock buslneaa.
Cirnmey tad Ceia.
GreenbackBjareadvanclng,a3 Into din
patches quote gold in New York at
1.121, which is lower than for several
months. Portland quotations of cur
rency are 87 buying, 83 selling, which
li ono per cent, lower than San
Francisco,
Farmer this Week
31, 1875.
GRANGE ELECTIONS.
Oakland Grange No. 86., P. of (1., elected
tbe following officers for, tbe coming year:
I. F. Rice, M; H, Davis, O; W. R. Smith, L;
A. Canutt, C; P.Thlele, 8; H. L. Marsh, A.
S; J. L. McKlnney, T; Wm. Thiol. Seo ; I. F.
Rloe, Jun. G. K.) Mrs. M. L. Rice, Ceres;
Mrs. S. MoKlnney, Pomona; Mrs. J. Thiele,
Flora; Miss J. Reed, L. A. 8.
Lklawd, Or , Deo. 20, 1875.
At our Orange election last .Saturday tbe
following ofBours were elected: Joseph Pol
lock, M; B. F. Sloan, O; Wm. N. Pollock,
L; L. F. Allen, 8; A. Burrougb, A. 8; J. L
Wilder, U; J. Burrough, T; D. H. Sexton,
Sec; J. Nlday, Q. K.; Laura Daniels, O; Car
oline Soxton, P; Ferlnda Bu rough, F; Mrs.
Pressley, L. A. S. J. T.
Scappooae Orange No. Hi, held their annu
al election on the 11th of Dao. 1S7S, when the
following officers were elected for the ensu
ing year: M. Pomeroy, M.'j Orln Johnson,
O ; T. H. Watts, L.; E. S. Gore, S.j John Mc
Kay, 0.; W. W. West, T.; John 0. Ball, 8.;
Robt. Rowland, A. 8.; W. W. Marr, O. K ;
Mrs. Mary Marr, 0.; Mrs. Susan R. Clonlger,
P.; Miss Sarah! Johnson, F.j Mrs. Laura Tre
deau, L. A.8.
,RockJPolnt .Orange, on Deo, 17th, elected
the following officers for the ensuing year:
O. W. Hunt, Master; Wm. Smith, Overseer;
Jaa. Taylor, Leoturer; Edwin Downing,
Steward; W. W.Brooks, Chaplain; W. J. Pat
ton, Treasurer; Jas. Altken, Secretary; Ab
ner Lewis, Assistant Steward; Andrew Stan,
ton, Gate Keeper; Mrs. John Downing, Ce
res; Mrs. W. W. Brooks, Pomona; Mrs. Ma
ry Howd, Flora; Mrs. Caroline Parker, Ltdy
Assistant Steward. Moved to have a public
installation on the third Saturday in January
next, at ten o'clock.
Buttevuxe Grange No. 74 The annual
election In Butteville Grange was held two
weeks ago and resulted as follows: P. F.
Caetleman, Master; F. X. Matbleu, Overseer;
J. W. Grim, Lecturer; J. D. Crawford, Seore-
try; J. O. Buchanan, Treae; , Steward; J.
W. Batoheller, Chaplain; D. 0. Reese, Asst.
Steward; Miss Ellen Eberhard, Miss Castle
m'.n, Mrs. Wallace Graham, and Miss Ella
Gear, were elected to oIBcm, but our Inform,
antonnld not properly locate tbem,
Ofllcors of Warner Grann, No. 117 elect
ed Dao. J5th, 1875, Arthur Warner, Master;
John Brush, Overseer; W. U. Latourotte,
LHUlurer; J. H. Thayer, Steward; W. G.
Lonj:, Assistant Steward; W. II, Fancher,
Chaplain; L. D. C. Litouretto, Trtnsuror;
J. T. Apperson, S.crelary; Alfred Ilowland,
Gate Keipsr ; Miss Clara Vinson, Ceres;
Mrs. Martha Howell, Pomona; Mrs. Strati
Fancher, Flora; "Miss Jenny Vinson, Ltdy
Assistant Steward.
Turner, Dec. 23, 1875.
Mr. Editor: The following are the olfi
csrs elect of Turner Grange, for 1878. L. Jf.
Uerren, M.; W. O. Porter, O.; j". P, Cole, L.;
J. W. Slnlf, C; A. Baltead,Sec ; D. Bob
bin i,8; Jas. Wi'zel, A. S.; Wm.Sleole, 0.
K,; Mrs. Mary Cole, Treai.; Mrs. J. M.
Kltmoy, C j Mis. M. E. Misslor, P.; Mrs.
M. E. Porter, F-; Miss Mattle Gibson, L.
A. 8. Your,
W. M. Iln.LEAnv.
WiLnuit, Dae 27, 1875.
Et. Faumku: At a uihstlugof Wilbur
Orange No. 1 H, P. of U., Deo. 18, 1875, the
following olllcoro were elected for the en
suing year: G. W. Urubbe, M; J. Strange,
O; N. T. Grubbs, L; W. P. Grubbe, 8; H.
Pioks)on, A. 8; Mrs. E. T. Grubbe. C.j J. O.
Booth, T.j J. A Frazlur, Una ; E. T. Grubbe.
G. IC; Mrs. Dodge, C; Marietta Strangr, P.;
.Mrs Booth, F.i Miss Bt.IIo D dge, U. A. S.
G, W, Gkubuk, Sue.
The folio vine election of grange officers
at Union, Union county, Is rent us by Mr,
Joun Creightou: John Dibblns, M ; John
I'rughton, O ; A.,K. Eaten, L ; C. F. Blukes.
le, 8.; John Puriy, Ats't 8 ; A. Miller, C;
D. Hilts, T.; Jamea ilenderahott, Seo ; John
McLean, O, K.j Mrs.tLewi, Cersa; Mrs.
Huttuiao, Pomona; Miss Morrison, Flora;
Mrs. Ames, L. A. 8.
Wnowo Datbi GivnN-In tbe notice publish
ed by Mr. Minto last weak or masting of tbe
Salem Grange to lustsl officers, tbe date given
should have bean January 1st and not Jan-
nary 16tb as wsa printed. Members are
requested to take note tbat Installation In
list grange will take place Saturday of this
week.
Hon. A J Duiur baa ujioumd A, H.Hale,
Deputy Mitiur P. of li. lor Ciatsuu touluy.
aa chairman of Huuiiiiieii loamumii procur
ing and loiuaiding to bim lu i'urllaud such
specimen of timbnr and ornament! woods
as ntsy be dvtmsd crtdlub'o to the State.
Volume VII. Number 46.
STATBHBW8.
The prinolptl business man of Sliver City,
Idaho, have agreed to 'close tbeir plaoes on
Sunday's after January 1st. This New Year
swearing off is becoming stale.
A girl with three arms has just been mar
ried in New Mexico. Heaven help the bus
band if they ever indulge in domestlo hair
matinees. ' ' '
Captain Nathan Stevens has lately shown
the Democrat specimen of silver ore which
he states was recently discovered by him in
Benton oountv. The specimen isvervrlort
In metal, whhh tbe Captain says is 60 per
cent, silver, 40 per cent. lead and 10 per cent,
of other metal.
Last Friday while Walter Pomeroy was
leading his horse and traveling through tho
brush near tbe Union school house, bis coat
in some way caught and pulled up the ham
mer of his guru and discharged it. the ball
entering his horse's breast and killing it in
stantly. Mrs. Lnoy Stewart of Silver City started
for New Zsalaud last w eek. She will engage
In missionary work.
There la a grandmother in Pendleton who
is only 32 years old.
Tbe iSfenfineC has reseived from Msrgnnsv
Lake county, news or the suicide or Henry
White.
The population of Umatilla county is
4,424. That of Union oou my 3,450. Union
county raised 281,175 bushels of grain, while
Umatilla county ralsml 2(,471 bushels;
which 'gives UiriatlllA"070 indre 'population
than Union and 13,701 loss bushels of grain
tbsn Union,
On Wednesday of lsut week, Tbo. Benson,
living near the Twelve-mile house, on the
road from Pendleton to Umatilla, mnt with
a terrible accident. While nut hunting, the
gun be was using burs' ed, and lacera'ed the
loft hand terribly, cutting nff entirely the
second, third, aud fourth fingers.
There Is plenty of pond Melphlngln North
ern Idaho, A good deal of the ore hauling la
now done on sleds.
Tiioon, Arlanna, Is building np rapidly.
Among other structures rnmully erected is a
school-house, oosting 10,000.
The Jacksonville Sentinel rays: " A large
number of immigrants have lately arrived in
this section, and, notwithstanding tbe had
weather, some are still coining. lu nvtjiyln
stanodH, those arriving are poor and of large
families one couple who namn to Ashland a
short time ago hrvlng 14 child tho.
Tbe Lmn county Cnnnoll, P. ai H., cn1--vtned
hi regular monthly snslon on the 7th
Inst, iu Patrons' Hull, Tuiiirent Tbo morn
ing session uas mainly occupied with reports
from Mibordina'H granges on the proot of
o-miblisMnir in this State sninewhnrti a Firm
er' or Patrons' Rmk, VV lih rrtt niiHiilml
ty tbe expression was lu fsvor of suoh a
movement. Too f -Mowing named hrotbors
wnre chosen, vir: Dr G F, Crawford, prtsl
dui; It. A. Irviuo, vlcti pruiHmit; V, Pike,
otreiary;G. Pitrnsh, treasurer; aud Thoiu-a-
Froiuaii, Gate Keeper.
Rock Point, Phi. 28 The Orsvn Crnth
llnixl und lelrgrapn utlloj. otvvnl by Sam'l
Hhi knu-iM. caught tire l on 0 o'clock lt
night, aud m'ii burned to tlm ground. Tho
I'uriilture aud nearly all tbo family clothing
Mere couoiiuied.
TbeMorm d.nimanced Sunday night ami
linso'intiijueil ralulnu mull inw. t-Woiook
lifts bsen Impassable stout Moridiy morning,
It'-giie river is higher than It ha beon be
turj lu 11 vo ears punt, Tbe road r lo a
ttirlblo condlttuu. No stago frvtu the uorth
to-day.
The Holidays at Buttevills.
From Mr. Job a Batchollor we learn tlot
Christmas passed oil pleasantly at Butteyllle
with a Christmas tree bo'ooglng to the citi
zens geuerally which was loadwi do vn with
gifts in ibe Grangers Hall. An Amateur
comptny played a farce, '' Cool as a Cucurr--
ber," which gave a great deal of amusement.
The singing class of Mr. J. J. Blevens gave
some oxcullent music, supported by two or
ganv; Santa Claus appeared lu person (well
gotten up) and addressed tbe children and
fjlks. Two larb-o trees were loaded with
presents und there was about a wagon load
or thltigi that could not bo on the tttes.
Thero was au impromptu danca afterwards.
The masous had fn Installation, supper and
dvico ou Mo.iday and tho Grangers will
hive an Installation aud good tune on Janu
ary 1, next Saturday.
Weather at Canyon City.
Mr, D, B. RInuliart, of Canyon City,
Graut oeunty, writes us, as follows, of date
Dec. 18:
"From tbe first of this month to tbe pres
ent time the weather has been mild sua de
lightful, more like spring than winter. No
snow on lb ground; stock doing well,"
Tbat is the state or tbe winter In the Bine
Mountain region of Eastern Oregon, where
tbe winters are frequently severe, and prob
ably represents tbo condition of tbo season
In all tbe Interior.
SUCCKSSKUL NUKSEUVMAN, Mr, 'J 01 V.
Hunt, of the Wsldo Hills, has long been
a successful nurserymau and orobardlst.
Ill-, t x.-Hirlciooo a lrtilt-growor is valuable,
and will b furnished to tbepubllo through
the columns of the Fabmkb.
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