Willamette farmer., October 08, 1875, SUPPLEMENT, Image 11

Cl'TTISO DOWN FOIIESTS AFKECT-
ixn Climate. Wo have many times
called attention to instances of the in
jurious effects on climate of the whole
Nile cutting down of forests. An inter
esting nccount, cominunicated some
time apo to the Litinien Society by Dr.
Shaw, furnishes an example of another
khhi and snows us now tne vegetation
and climate of the wool-producing re
gion of tho Capo Colony are being
changed for tho wor-e by '' a persistent
and greedy system of overstocking."
The legion in (iiiestinn is known as the
"Midland.".;" situated far in the inter
ior beyond the Snceuberg range (or
Snowy mountain".;) and in the days of
the fiist settler-, was the pn-tme ground
of thou.-iinds of antelopes and other an
imals, which, following the niir.s, mi
grated from one end to the other. It is
very different now.
When first introduced, the licep
thrived so in that prairie-like land that
the settlers crowded it more and 111010
with sheep. Soon the grass was all de
voured, and plants and shrubs were at
tacked, and came to be the main re
source of the flock". The ground was
consequently left to bush anil scrub, and
to obnoxious and poisonous herb-, and
the intoxicating Jfrliar the "dronk "
grass of the Dutch colonists.
The climate, " says Mr. Shaw,
" necessarily became affected. The
rainfall came down less certainly and
oftoner, in tho form of thunder tor
rents. Side by side with the attacks of
the flocks the more subtle and insidu
ous agency of a changing climate came
into power. The hardy plants of the
Karoo commenced to travel north
ward, and added their energies to the
extirpating of the indigenous and pro
per flora ot tne region, ana being of a
hitter ana nauseous cnaracrer, tney en
joyed immunity, and were only eaten
by sheep in circumstances of dire ne
cessity. Sweet bush, such as Lyciums,
vanished before them; and the veld
lias become what is called by the far
mers, and indeed is now, a ' bitter
veld,' mid is rapidly becoming an ex
tension of dreary, scrubby, half desert
Karoo. Besides all this, the ground
becomes harder, and the perennial
springs weaker.
It is clear that If some remedial
measures are not applied, this once
prosperous region will become a wil
derness. Dr. Shaw is of opinion that
the Cape Government should "exper
iment on the Introduction of grasses, "
and, " by tho construction of colossal
dams, save the country, keep up tho
deep springs, and in connection there
with, rear the beginnings of forests, to
modify and increase the rainfall. " No
thing stops the extension of tiie " wild
Karoo," as Barry Cornwall calls it, so
effectually as permanent moisture. As
Dr- Shaw says in conclusion: "It is cer
tainly a subject of alarm to the country
when it is known that a drier season
than usual entails poverty and death to
an incalculoblc extent among our flocks
in South Africa. Some tracts of coun
try are poisoned by the extraordinary
increase of the TripterisfcawMt; and
transport riders, witli their oxen, (our
only carrying power,) have to travel
through certain parts of the country
without pausing, on account of tho
Melicw, grasses which have increased
within the past few year to a degree
scarcely credible, and on eating which
cattle become intoxicated to an alarm
ing extent." Clumber's Journal.
What Education has Doxe von
vs. Man is nothing until he is educat
ed. It is said that the African bush
liiau has a language of only a few
words has no hou-e except the bush
es, and no instrument except the club.
This is a man without education. A
man without education bears the same
relation to the ideal man that a piece of
marble In the rough bears to a finished
statue from Phydias or Praxiteles; or
that a log of the forest bears to the
carved work in tho palaco of kings.
The outcome of life, therefore, is in the
hands of education. That is tho div
inity that shapes our end, that stands
between our dust and immortality.
Tho natural man is tossed over to this
divinity as a lump of clay is tossed to
the potter at the wheel. You may not
have looked at this artizan. The pot
ters wheel revolves horizontally, and
throwing a piece of white plastic clay
upon its centre, the potter presses his
hand against it. It receives a furrow
where his hand touches it, and rises to
find more room. By gentle or harder
pressure it narrows out or widens itself,
aiad at last there stands the vase, grace
ful and true. Education has always
thus stood beside the human race, and
has driven the blood here and there by
pressure or by liberty, until man stands
forth a beautiful thing such that the
busbman or the Congo negro soem al
most incredible tales told by menda
cious travelers. The labor of the black
smith sends the blood to the arm; boat
rowing and bail-tossing develope the
physical frame, but each hour of study
and each moral action sends the blood
to the heart and brain.
When John Bunyan saw a murderer
.ascending the gallows, he said: " That
were I but for the grace of God."
With equal truth when you read of the
wild men of Dahomey or Fiji, you may
say, " That were I but for the grace of
God," expressed in education.
Fili.ixo the Bed. Tho editor of an
Indiana paper relates an incident of his
vouth as follows: The editor of a cer
tain Missouri contemporary is noted
for his modesty. When schoolcoy.s ho
and the writer wero inseparable com
panions probably because we both
.stood in such holy awe of the girls. A
pair of mischievous nlack eyes would
stampede us quicker than a big dog.
One day Bob was sent to neighbor
Shaw's to inquire alout.some straw for
filling bed, and, of course, the writer
wont with him. Mr. Shaw was the
father of six hateful girls who would
rather laugh at a fellow than not.
When we arrived they wero all seated
at dinner. I dodged behind tho corner,
while Bob cdgi-il carefully in at the
door, and, with a scared look, stammer
ed, "Mr. Straw, can you lot mo have
enough Shaw to fill my bed? " " Well,
Robert," said the old gentleman, glanc
ing around the circle of a-tonished fa
ces: "I -uppo-e -o! Here are six beside
the old woman;' but I'd rather you'd
leave her, if the girls will bo enough.
Take them nil, and God bless 5 on! "
Perfect shrieks of laughter went up
from those mean thing-!, nnd Robert
took to bis heels, followed by the writer
and cries from the old man to come
back and he would throw in tho old
woman too.
Yexus and Sou It is well kuuow
to our readers with how much inter
i".t and care tho transit of the planet
Venus across the sun's di-c, which oc
eurredjlast year, was observed in order
that the sun's distance from tiie earth
might be finally determined. The im
portant material obtained by the nu
merous expeditions sent out to observe
tiie transit has not yet been averaged
and published. Fo" this reason, the
question of Sol's remoteness cannot
yet be full. satisfied.
Prof. Hols, of Munich, however
writes that a preliminary and approxi
mate conclusion may be obtained, on
the basis of two successful observations
at Pekin, China, and the island of St.
Paul in the Indian Ocean.
According to the-o observations, the
sun's parallax is 8.77!) second", or S.SS
seconds. This is so nearly correct that
the second figure or first decimal will
not need any alteration. The old val
ue given by Fuke was 8.571. This is
said to agree wonderfully with the ex
periments of Cornn on the speed of
light, and also with the results of the
observations by Galle, in Breslau, on
the planet Flora.
Prof. Heis accordingly calculates
the mean distance of the sun to bo
about 01,810,855 geographical miles.
Mr. Proctor says if an infant had an
arm just that long, so that he could
touch tho sun with his linger, he would
of course get his linger burnt; but he
would have to live to be 135 years old
before he would feel tho pain, accord
ing to the calculated rate of nerve
motion. If, however, lie could see his
finger on fire he would become aware
of it in eight minutes.
MoviN'i; Tin: Kooic of Agis.-The
good people of the town of E were
talking of moving their meeting house
to a more agreeable locality. Among
the advocates of the movement none
were moro earnest than old Deacon A
who, by the way, had an uncontrollable
habit of sleeping in church. Xo mat
ter how interesting the discourse, the
deacon was sure to drop off about such
a time. On the Sabbath preceding the
day appointed for moving the house,
the pastor preached an interesting ser
mon on "The Ko.-jk of Ages. " Grow
ing eloquent in his remarks, the good
minister finally added with great em
phasis: " Who can move it? "
The deacon having been nloep as u
ual, woke unjust in time to catch tho
the query, thinking the pistor referred
to the meeting hou-e, ro-e up in his
seat and exclaimed:
" I'll bring over my yoke of steers,
and they'll jerk it along the whole dis
tance, if vou'll keep plenty of hard
wood rollers under it."
Tho deacon never slept in meeting
after that.
Handling Ui:r.s. If you wish to
handle bees without injury, go about it
carefully, without jarring them in any
way; do not let the putrid breath from
your lungs go among them. By the
use of a little smoke at the start, it is
wonderful to see wiiat control tne api
arian will have over them when prop
erly managed.
Bees when gorged with honey are
very peaceable. When often handled
they become accustomed to the prac
tice, and when done gently will scarce
ly notice the action. If roughly han
dled, without duo respect to them, you
will be obliged to notice the difference
with pain and regret and beat a hasty
retreat. By a careful study of their
habits and instinct, the practical apia
rian can handle his bees with no more
fear of harm than the farmer has from
the heels ot his favorite horse or tlte
milkmaid from her favorite cow.
Deserving Boys. We like loy.s
who try to help themselves". Kvery
one ought to be friendly to them. The
boys of energy and ambition, who wakes
a manly effort to do something for
themselves, are the hope of the coun
try. Let their anxious ears catch al
ways words of encouragement and
cheers, for such words, like favouring
breezes to the sails of a ship, help to
bear them forward to the destination
they seek.
It is not always as it should be in this
respect. Many a heart has been broken
many a young man of industry, and
animated by honorable motives, has
been discouraged by the sour words
the harsh and unjust remarks of some
unfeeling employer, or some relative
who should have acted tho part of a
friend. The unthinking do not con
sider tho weight with which -udi re
marks sometimes fall upon a sen-itive
spirit, niul how they may bruise and
break it.
If you cannot do anything to aid and
assist young mon, you ought to ab-tain
from throwing any obstacles in their
way. But cm you not do something
to help them forward? You can at least
say "God speed" to-them, and you can
say it feelingly from your heart. You
little know of how much benefit to
boys and young men encouraging coun
sel, given fitly and well-timed, may be;
and In tho great day of account, such
words addressed to tbo-e in need of
them you may find reckoned among
your good deeds.
Then help the boys who try to help
themselves. You can easily recall
simple words of kindness addressed to
yourself in your childhood and youth,
and you would like now to kiss the lips
that -poke them though they may long
since have been sealed with tho silence
of death, and covered by the clods of
tne valley.
TirouornuiiKED and Friii.-Bi.ooi.
The editor of the Buffalo Lire Mock
Journal, in reply to a correspondent
who wishes to know if the terms full
blood and thoroughbred mean the sanio
thing, says: Our correspondent is quite
correct in supposing that these terms
mean the same thing. This is the
meaning given them by Webster, and
the National Short horn Breeder's Con
vention ddflnes pure bred, full-blood,
thoroughbred as synonymous roferring
to animals of a distinct and well de
fined breed, without any admixture of
other blood. Cross breed animals
produced by breeding together differ
breeds; grade the product of a cross
between a purebred and a native; high
grade animals of mixed blood, in
which the blood of a pure breed largely
predominates. This is a short .state
ment of the whole matter. Theso de
finitions wero given because of the
vicious practice having grown up
among some Short-horn breeders of
calling grades full-bloods, and thus
misleading the inexperienced. There
never was any foundation for a distinc
tion between the terms full-blood and
thoroughbred, and tho use of full
blood to mean only a grade, was pro
ductive of misunderstanding and de
ception. It is not so used now among
the best breeders.
PrxcTL'Ai.iTY at Death- Mr. Ilig
gins was a very punctual man in all
his transactions through life. He
amassed a large property by untiring
industry and punctuality; and at tho
advanced age of ninety years was rest
ing quietly upon his bed, and calmly
wailing to be called away. He had
deliberately made almost every ar
rangement for his decease and burial.
His pulse grew fainter and tho light of
life seemed just flickering in its socket,
when ono ot his sons observed:
"Father, you will probably live but a
day or two, is it not well for you name
your bearers?"
"To be sure, my son," said tho dying
man, "it is well thought of, and I will
do it now."
He gave a list of six, the usual num
ber, and sank back exhausted upon his
pillow. A gleam of thought passed
over his withered face like a ray of
light, and ho rallied once more.
"My son, road me that list. Ts tho
name of Mr. Wiggins there?"
"It is, my father."
"Then strike it off," said ho, emphat
ically, "for lie was never punctual
was never anywhere in soasjn and ho
might hinder tho procession a wholo
hour!"
uKxixi. i'eaciies. jNever pare
peacnes to dry. f.et them get mellow
enough to be in good eating condition,
put them into boilinii water for a sec
ond or two, just long enough and no
longer, and tho skin will come off like
a charm. The gain is at least six-fold
saving of time in removing tho skin,
great saving of tho peach; the part
saved is the best portion; loss time re
quired to stone tho peaches, less timo
to dry them, and last but not least, bet
ter when dried. A whole bushel may
be done in a boiler at once and the
water then turned off. Thus, the other
morning, a friend had over two bushels
skinned, stoned (halved) and on the
boards loug before a quarter of them
could even have been peeled.
Sei.i-'-Educated Men. A very
large class of self-educated men aro
painfully sensitive of tho disadvantag
es under whicli they suffer from lack
of early scholastic training. Many of
thcmjlmve labored assiduously with em
inent success to correct theso disadvan
tages by careful private studies. As a
class they are the most generous sup
porters of learning, and of educational
institutions, as admirably adapted to
prepare for professional and business
life. Their zeal and liberality in sup
port of education puts to shame many
of the liberally educated, who aro no
less wealthy than themselves. This
Iilieral and enlightened testimony of
theirs to the value of a culture of which
they feel the need, ought to bo receiv
ed as the judgment of practical men.
President Porter.
IlEAvii:n Hoitsus ron tiik Wkm1.--I
have lately been travelincr in Illinois
and Indiana, and I find the class of
horses generally bred quite too small
and of an inferior quality to what tho
farm lalor of the States demand. I
often see scrub horses at work in tho
field that weigh not more than 800 to
850 pounds each, and that are quite un
equal to tho farm labor required of
them. The work on such farms is not
well done for want of strength In the
team. Even plowing Is done very in
adequately, but when they aro put to
the reaping machine unless four hors
es are ued, tho result Is still worse.
The. stimulus .seems to have been, un
til lately, even in breeding to better
stallions, to chooso tho light trotting
hor.M3 instead of tho draft stallion. Tho
farmer- hear of great prices for speed,
and go for that market, which is very
limited and very dilllcult to suit, In
stead of the market for draft hordes, in
which tho demand is very largo and
illy supplied. A few breeders, scatter-
ed over tho West, aro endeavering to
introduce draft stallions, Clydcs, Fcr
cherons and Normans; and they aro
really entitled to the patronage and
thanks of tho farmers of tho West. Of
course, there are nnny opinions as to
tiie- best breed of draft horses; each ono
has its advocates, and I would not dis
parago either, as it will bo a great
point gained when farmers can bo in
duced to breed a heavier and better
class of horses for farm purposes.
Western ngricultuie is greatly in need
of a reformation in this branch, and
there is nhuud-int room for all the
heavy breeds. The only danger to be
guarded against is in feeding to mm-h
corn, and thus increasing fat and laying
on adipose matter instead of muscle,
tending to develop unsoundness. But
let us do all we can to multiply 1,-IM)
pound horses, that are able to plow to
any depth desired. Cor. Jiu (Slock
Journal.
Immigration is diminishing from Scot
land, a,s well as from England and Ire
land. In the seven mouths ending the
01st tilt, the number of emigrants who
set sail from the ports on tho Clyde was
12,'J.0, as against 17,500 in tho same
period of 1874. Tho falling offis main
ly in tho Canadian and United States
tralilc, the sailings to New Zealand and
Australia being very similar to those of
last year.
Tho fastest running time on record is
claimed to have been made at Hartford
Connecticut Sept. 2, Kadi winning a
second mile heat in 1:41 1-4, with Bur
goo so near that somo claimed that ho
was entitled to the boat. As tho race
was with "catch weights," it will not
rank equal with those where full
weights aro required.
The Chinese aro evidently pagans.
They celebrate all thoir holidus by pay
ing their debts, forgiving their enemies
and shaking hands all round. Tho
civilized people who havo gono to Chi
na havo not yet induced thorn to relin
quish theso odd and barbarous habits.
A little girl, five years of ago, being
nsked what is faith, artlessly replied:
"It is doing just what God wants us to
do, and asking no questions about it"
This covers tho wholo field; perfect
trust, combined with implicit obedi
ence. The averago prico of labor, with
board in the Eastern States, is $10,60;
In tho Southern 510,17; in tho Western
S14,fiG; In the Middle, $10,81; in tho
Territories, $18,25; and on tho Pacific
Coast, $'28,n.
Chinese is to bo taught at a Boston
normal school. Tlio girls aro determ
ined to bo no longer ignorant of what
is written on tho llro cracker packs and
tea chests.
Remittances. t
Money dnc the FAwmi can bo paid to the Stato
Asentat Portland, Mr. A. Warner, If more convenient
than "ending tuu samo to this office.
Iloiv to Obtain Patents.
Any person desiring Information as to thomodw ol
taking out patents, can send a request Ui tho Fahxi
olHce, accompanied by a one-cent stamp, and will,
eclvo by mail a copy of tho revised Patent laws and
pamphlet containing full information ns to how Invsi
tlons can be patented.
33. -A.. JSxnitlx, -rA-x-tisat,
S-ilom. Oregon, dealer In Stereoscopes and Stereo,
scopic Views, and Scones of Salem and the surround
ing country. Ltic.slze Photographs, In India Ink, Oil
or water Color. sell
Agenta for the Willamette Fanner.
Albany...
Amity....
.IE Hannmi
OF! Oi.tf.hnll
VnlC'fuilU V A nnnlr
Astoriai SD Adair
neiiiei.. I. HKraer
Ilnciin Vista Win Wells, Alt Ilrown
Hullo Disappointment 8 Ilandsakcr
llrownsville YV K Kirk
Duttevlllu I w Ilacheldcr
CanjonClty U 11 Ithlnehart
Canjomllle '. a W Colvli;
Cole's Valley WB Clarku
Oac Fbhoemakor, II V Kendall
Corvullls EWo'xluurd
Creswell Roscoo Knox
Clackamas W A Mills
Camp Creek O It Hammcrslcy
Hallna .I.D Lee, I) M Onthrlo
Damasius EFoibcs
Uaytipn K c Hadnuay
Dalles S LI) rooks
Last Portland Iscnh Johnson
Empire City T I) Winchester
Kil.-enc City F B Dunn
Klkton DW Stearns
Foalley A I) Gardner
Falrflfld l.Tlllevans
Forest Urine 8 Hughes, W I. Curtis
doshen Jllandsaker
Uervals Hheiipard Oalnes
Oreenvllle .IF Price
Hal-ey TJ Black
Hood lllver , W P Watson
Harrlsbuii; Hiram Smith
Hlllsboro A VBoyco
Junction Smith, llnullcld & Co,, WL Lemon
Jefferson W p Wei
Kellnirir' AB KclWm?
Lonistllle ,IM Bwley
i.auranae s Kllartb
Lafayette Dr Poppleton
Lebanon 9 II Claughton
McadowWlle It K Laaxdale
Mitchell AHBreyman
Monmouth W Waterhous
Mewellsvlllr P F Castlemtn
North Yamhill , DC Stewart
Oakland J A Sterling
Oswego AK Shipley
Ott J II Hrhxoeder
Oregon City I M Bacon
Ochoco I J Douthlt
Pendleton W A Whltmta
Peoria SD Haley
Portland A Warner, Agent State Oraniu
PrlnesUlle OMPilngle
Perrydale MrOrew' blare
Hlckrenl F A Pattsrson
Koscbur!; ThnsBaltb
trio in Incfc Morris, Thus Hunkers
Sllvertun Jas A Wright
Kodmllle WnOilatn
blicdfl' W M Powers
SuririxMeld A fl Unity
S.ibllmlty , lohu Downing
SeetIIome IS-!i Marks
Sherldau J II Morris
Ten Mile It M Ourncy
Turner II A WIUul
VHiicouer..
.M W Ilrown, II II Demue
Wheatland ,
Willamette Forks.
Walla Walla
Woojlmrn ,..
Waldo
Willow Forks
Yon&illa
Xcna ,
ii; rorrest
M Wilkin-
J F Brewer
Matthiot Bros
I V Elder
ACl'ttteys
,.J It KIIUoii, KM Aimteguto
D J Cooper
BOOTHBY & STAPLETON,
Manufacturers and Dealers in
Sash, Doors, Blinds, and
ETC., ETC.
BRACKETS,
And all Kinds of Scroll-Sawing
HAVINU TI1K BEST FAClLITir.S AND THE
lttet Improved wood-forking machinery to
mr-trnfocturo tlio above article, will oiler inducements
to cutomcrs. Also,
Vy O OO -TTJRN ING,
In all Its Mitlttles.
Orders from tho Country
Promptly attended to.
Office and Manufactory, ror. of Front aiul State streets
nn4' SALEM. dwtf
rUUE - 3RED
SPANISH MERINO
DIRECT FROM THE CELEtlllVTED FLOCK OI
)GOR(iB H.VrnnOND. Kq., of Vermont.
Bucks, from 950 to $250.
Kvca, rrom $50 to $150.
For sale by
JESSE D. OAXIB,
aTflt. Oiv'lnn P. 0 Monterey co., Cal.
WOOL BAGS
.AND...
C3rVCt
SScvolij
A-V THB
SALEM BAG FACTORY
AMD
T. Cunningham & Co.'s,
AT SAF FRANCISCO PRICES.
Salem 'Mav 14. 1674. dftwtf
NORTH SALEM STORE.
A T THK BRICK STORK, HAS JUST RECEIV
lm. ed a full assortment of
Gtoneral Merchandise,
ury u-ooasj
Grooenes,
Boots & Shoes,
Hardware,
Clothing,
Calculated for the City and Country Trade Bought as
'ow, and will bo sold at as SMALL A PROFIT, u
those who SELL AT COST. t3rGoods delivered to
nv nart ol tho oltv Iron ot charge. NovBr
ATTENTION
Sheep Growers !f
LIINCKRODT'
LOUIS,MOi 1
A SURE CURE FOlt
Scab,
Screw Worm.
Foot Hot,
AND ALL
Parasites
that infest Sheep.
L TT 13 SAFER, BETTER, AND VASTLY CHEAP-
THAN ANY OTHER KFFECTUAL HEMEDY FOB
TIIE TREATMENT OF SnEEP. IT
Improves the Health
OF THK ANIMAL, AND THE
QUALITY OP THE WOOL.
1ST Ono (jallon is enough for ono hundred to twe
hundred Sheep, according to their age, strength, and
condition.
It Is put up in FIVE-GALLON CANB-Prlce, tl3
per can.
Send for circular, to
T. A. DAVIS & Co.,
PORTLAND, OREGON,
WbolitMle Ageuta for (be Ntate,
0r to vonr nearest Retail Druggist. m8
To Farmers and Others.
IMMIGRANTS ARK ARRIVING IN TnK BTAT-f
by every steamer In search of employment, and
the Board dnd difficulty In getting vacancies for them
We therefore earnestly request Farmers and others'
who require Farm Hands or labor of any kind, to Im
medlatelr communicate with us and wa will rladlr
part. Please state the wages offered, the class ot men
you want, and for how long employment will bo
given. The Assistant Secretary Is In dally attendance
at the Board Rooms, Ankeny's Building, Portland,
from 10 to a p. m each day, to whom all letten
should be addressed,
W. 8. LADD.
B. OOLDsMITn,
II. W. (XHIBKTT.
C. LBINF.NWKBKR,
WILLIAM RBID,
State Commissioners of Immigration.
SALEM FOUNDRY. &
Atacliiuo Shop,
SALEM OREOON.
B. P. DRAKE, Prop'r.
iTEAM ENGINES. SAW MILLS, GRIST MILLS,
Reapars, Pomps, and all kinds and styles of Ma.
cnlnery mado to order. Machinery repaired at a short
notice. Pattern-makinglone In all Its various forms,
ami all kinds of Brass and Iron Caetliurs rurnlshed at
short notice. Also, manufacturer of KNTKIIPItlSK
I'LANEIt an MATCHKU. and HTlCKhltS and
UUAPKKS. Maylwtt
j2t"5U if- lvTll MANUrflcTURED(PB
gSBftftfeffl. rtll l tur-Vonnr tfl
'-&Ei:..--j v i.i iwiwj sjt
iSfc.f-Ki
w-trsgwaai i'v r!kiklh"limMi'ziftditv.Mi.s Mri-
iWRrSrVKsi
fEFBaWl