WILLAMETTE FARMER.,
&&
Mt
Percentage ol Gold.
Tbero is one very marked defect in onr sys
tem of gold mining that does not exist in BiWer
mining, and which the sooner remedied the bet
tor. We refer to an entire absence of alt posi-
live knowledge as to what the ores being
worked contain. The skillful silver miner, be
comes daily, and often hourly, acquainted with
the value of the ores being worked, and at the
end of every ran can figure up the percentage
obtained and lost. If a large loss he immedi
ately begins to investigate the cause and seek a
remedy.
This is not the case with gold miners, who are
usually perfectly oblivious of what their ore
contains, contenting themselves in cleaning up
what they can and considering it the best they
can do. In this they may be right and may
not, as they have no reliable data to work frpm.
Possibly were they to adopt the coarse pursued
in silver mining, they wonld often be aroused
to an effort for bettering their results, if they
found a serious loss was being sustained.
It is asserted by Mr. Aim arm B. Paul, the
inventor of the Paul process of dry amalgama
tion, that the gold mills of California do not on
the average obtain over one-third of the value
of the ores. This conclusion is arrived at after
ten years' experience on ores from all sections
of tba State, and hundreds and hundreds of as
says and other tests which-he has made daring
this time. Mr. Paul is not alone in this opin
ion, bat other of. our oldest and most practical
men hold to the same belief.
The opinion of many quartz miners is that
they save from fifty to sixty percent., but opin
ions as against positive critical investigations
are not to he received.
Which view may be correct, we hope onr gold
miners will endeavor to determine by adopting
such a system of assays as is used in silver
mining. It is this close critical investigation
into what they are doing, which not only makes
silver mining popular but makes the silver
miner the best possible gold miner. His edu
cation is such that he investigates, and thinks it
very singular that onr gold miners know so lit
tle of the value of their ores exoept by com
parison. Gold miners may say gold assays are unreli
able. It is not so much its assays as the man
ner of selecting the rook which is to be assayed.
If it is desired to take the trouble to get at the
value of the ores being worked, it can easily be
done. Bat ores must not be selected from speci
men pieces, or one piece made to answer for a
whole batch. Several methods may be sug
gested. One is to have your feeder take a piece
of ore of given size from every shovelfull he
fills for the battery, and after these pieces have
accumulated to a hundred pounds or more,
havo the entire lot pulverized, dry sampled and
assayed. To be certain, have half a dozen as
says made and average the lot.
Another and poBsibly easier, but not so cor
rect way will be, to collect every half hour a
buckettoll of material as it flows from the bat
tery, being as careful to retain the water as the
crashed ore, for the reason that the water often
contains as much as the sands. Continue this
daring a run. Allow the whole to settle well
and then draw off the water carefully, dry the
whole, mix well and properly sample for assay.
This is but little trouble, and we think will tend
to give our gold quartz miners some different
views as to their loss and the valne of their
property.
Considerable data might be presented to sup
port the belief in an unwarrantable loss of gold
and lack of intelligent investigation in this di
rection among even our best gold miners; bat,
there now seems to be a general desire to better
the past working, and we think that in endeav
oring to awaken a renewed interest in investi
gation, considerable benefit will be the result.
Scientific Press.
The Toughened (Bastie) Glass.
Notwithstanding so mnch has recently been
said upon the subject of the Bastie (toughened)
glass, the general reader seems to ba still eager
to scan every new paragraph that finds its way
into the pablio printB. Yielding to this'gen-
eral desire we note that another series of ex
periments with regard to the character of this
glass hna recently been tried in New York by
Prof. Egleston of Columbia College .before
the New York Academy of Sciences. , .,
The most wonderful' characteristic of this
glass, as developed by the Professor, was its
marvelous power of resisting heat, la several
of his experiments two thousand degrees of
heat were directed on the center of a plate of
prepared glass eight inches square, until at the
point ot contaot with the,4flame the glass be
came red hot. The first plate was a poor one,
and brcke nfter being hUbjected,to this .heat
for three minutes. Toe others were hot broken
by it. Ordinary glass stood such tests only
eight seconds. The practical application of
this was, that if a fire was started in a room
with windows of this glass, the frame work of
the. window would burn out and allow the glass
to fall before a draft would be created.
Lamp chimneys were then tested by nsing
kerosene lamps with a combination of Bunseu
burners, whioh threw a blue flame, showing
that the Heat was intense along the whole
length of the tube and six or eight inches above
it. Water was boiled in a vessel of this glass.
The water boiled out and the vessel remained
uninjured. The temperature of the vessel was
then raised to 150 or ICO degrees and cold water
was poured in with the expectation that it
would crack the glass. But the water began
immediately to boil, and the glass was unhurt.
Economy m Kailboadino. While the gross
earnings of all the railroads in the United
States in 1871 were $6,000,000 less thin in 1873,
the net earnings were $5,500,000 more the
operating expenses having been reduced to 'he
extent of $11,500,000. This eleven and a half
million dollars, as the annual savings in the
cost of running the railroads of this country,
means just so much money kept out of the
pockets of dishonest contractors and managers
and divided among the shareholders in divi
dends, or the people in the reduction of trans
portation The improvement in the man
agement may be fairly attributed to the clamor
which has been raised within the two years
just past against-dubonest management, and
the determined efforts manifested to inaugurate
a reform in past abuses. -iju
ClKENT FOB FABTKSIKO MlBBM. I ,Melt
four ouncei of bleacUi rosin withTa half ounce
of white wax, and stir into the melted mass one
ounee of piaster of paris. To use. clean the
surfaces to be joined, heat them sufficiently to
melt the cement, and after applying it, press
the parts well together so as to have only
thin layer of the cementing material at the
joint. 2. Add half a pint of vinegar to an
equal quantity of skim milk, and mix tbe sep
arated curd with the whites of five eggs, well
beaten, enough quicklime being "Hied f
form a stiff paste? This cement is wore suitable
for Bmall articles of marble, or stonework in
general Druggists' Circular.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
vi -i .
fw
I.I U ' '
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
bates of Passage.
-i$rBrfiWsMBaillBuaaTOlawW SEHtHWWIHiMBpiir
o
a
bd
rj"
tJCiThe t, Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
ding, Board and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is on eacli ship, and no charge is made for
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
And Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
This Route offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, who will avoid, the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious trip overland, by vail.
i .
THE STEAMERS OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW YOKE WITH ALL THE TEANS-ATL ANTIC LINES FROM EUROPE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton,
The West -India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
"" AficTthe General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
i i
. All information regarding Through Rates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom.'Through'Passage Tickets can be purchased.
THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON TOE WnARF,
PIEE 42 NOETH RIVER, FOOT OF CANAL STREET.
bun
B. J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Growerof
SEEDS
Vegetables,
TREES,
.- if sTilif
y,A VfiE QwnPCAf bJi"1i1 a.lTR r
FLOWEBS.
.Shrubs,
BULBS,
TCto.,
P
Published Quarterly. J""'"' Number Just
Issued, and contains over 100 Paoes, 500 Engravings,
descriptions of more thjn BOO of our best Flowers
and Vegetables, with Directions for Culture, Colored
Plat, etc. The most useful and elegant work of
the kind in the world. Only JJ cent! for the yea:.
Published In English and German.
Address, JAMES V1CK, Rochester, N. Y.
Kor tlio GARDEN-, FABM, and MANSION,
4T gajtsoma Street, Saa Franclaco. aWDes riptlve Catasguc.s on application.
Li',iV!,4L - ss aasaaaaaaaaaaaiBat''
jJIMHi Maul'" HI Bfll HaTaHaHaHaWaj
hkw i-yTi sans i vMfjB
Ba aaaLBm hUJbU fBbUL ami 1 BBBBBBBBBBBJI
HjYOj22udLtBB aBmasMSaHaVBaHaBMI
fflpLOVERCARD
t will lend 12 Flowering PUnta for One Dollar
your choice from too sorts), by BAIL OK EXTXEM.
MY ILLUSTRATED CATALOOUl,
dtMribwiheralhinarPUata A 8e4a,
iITCH, M6 Warren at., Battel, Ban.
SEEZ
-4-
Koa. 327, 120 and 331 Sanaome Street,
HAN FB1NCI8CO.
TIIE NEW IMPROVED
HOME SHUTTLE
Sewing Machine.
PBIOH, - - S43.00.
WE ALSO BELL
The Home Sewing Machine.
Theae machines nas a ahnttle, atralgbt needle,
and make the Lock Stitch.
They are aarpaued by none.
Tary ore Me timplut and ligUsUnmning m.
CAfrui tn (A world.
Send for circular!.
Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns.
8END POP. A CATALOGUE.
Royal Charts, f 3.60.
E. W. HAINES, Agent, 17 New Montgomery
Street (Grand Hotel Balldlng), San Iraaolaeo,
,20 FINE VERBENAS FOR $1.
Any of thr folio Ing mined planU sent by mill,
prtai;f pal, l.ot I'lcviils, sell. An) three rorls lor
h crnti, (r iuikii Jur HI. No order received ror
Ira tball'A trutil. Kuehflas, Utruulumi (Ikmble
Zonale, S i niid und Ivj). Ilriioulai, t!nill"ii.
Plnki, C4l'i'jreu, liutrl flanm, Airmtuins,
ADutllon, ,Mli, riiulliiis, LUleUi, raiirws. Lir;MU
themuini, 1 1 .idly fiW, C'upliea, Kupnlortnms,
Bleld l'iir,u. iltlkitrfrpes, neteioulruJD,
Lltouui Hal, i M. 1.1, Pi I. a, KiulUi. D-mUi PrlnilUs,
8olar.u:iCnpMca,irti!u,V(riiitart One pat.il I Aa
ter, llilMU. l',tiinl,'lriliK ami Vrrtutis l"T 23
cents My Illuatntu U CitaUciue of Ni-h J'lant,
EMeoa iur 17,1, on.) any twit pataeia qi me auuc
nerojaeutoariiupioi ii'renia, Auurew
O. A. SXZSEK t CO., Erie, Pa.
(in rnEss.)fj
Manual of Jurisprudence and Co-Operation
-"-OF THE
Patrons of Husbandry.
By A. B. BMEDLE?, Master of Iowa State Orange.
Published by Geo. II. JONES,
Ofi-ice or PATRON'S HELPER, Dei Moines, Iowa.
200 pairea, bound in cloth.
By mall, pottage prepaid $1.25 por copy.
By oipreBB or freight, In packages of five
or more f 1.00 pereopy.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
Tho Origin of tba Order. Ita Objects; To Educate,
Eu7te and Strengthen the Farmers as a class.
TART I-JURISPRUDENGE.
I The Orange. II Orange Room. Ill Qaalld.
cations of Candidates. IV Applications for Member.
Btilp. V Bsllotlng for Candidates. VI-Rights and
Duties of Members, VII Qualifications and Duties
of peputlea. VIII Qualifications and Duties of Mas
ters. IX Qualifications and Duties of Secretaries.
X Charges. XI Trials. XII Appeals. XIII With,
ilrawala and Demits. XIV Consolidations. XV The
Degrees of tbe Order. Symbolized. XVI Pomoaa
Oranges.
PART II-OO-OPERATION.
I Co-operation in General Business. II Co-opora-tlre
Insurance. Ill Co-operative Banking.
APPENDIX.
Forms for : Certificate of Membership Petition of
Membership Commission of Deputies Annual Report
of Deputies on Business Visiting Card Withdrawal
Card Demit Card Certificate of Election Certificate
to bo used at Representative Election. Constitution of
Pomona Oranges. Forms for t Petition for Member
ship Certificate of Election Certificate of Organiza
tion Petltiou for Charter By-Laws of Grangers' Bank
in California. Constitution and By-Laws of Oo-Opera-tlvo
Council. Artlclea of Associstlou, Farmers' Mutual
Fire Insurance Company. Certificate of Insurance,
Deputies and Masters are earnestly requested to call
tbe attention of their respective Oranges to tbla book,
to ti end, that by Its geueral use each officer and each
member of our Order may better understand his rights
and duties, snd the Order everywhere may thereby be
strengthened and built up, aud enabled to perform Ita
whole work and attain unto perfect success.
Address, DEWEY &. CO.,
Pacific Rural Presa Offloe, S. V.
)VLULtiSt
vTZ BRYANT & STIWT0N JTi y
BUSINESS COLLEGE
oil POST sr
I SAK FRANCISCO
The Mining and Scientific Pfess.
BjTHLUlir.D in San Fiuncisoo, 18C0.J
Is the leading mining Journal In America, and enjoys
a large circulation among the more Intelligent opera,
tors and workers In the gold fields of the world.
As a sclsntlfic and mechanical representative of the
Pacific; Coast, It Is decidedly popular and a standard
Journal with Ins moat thrifty Industrial people of tbe
raclfio Btatee and Territories, Ita authority Is of the
highest order, and Its usefulness tn Its special sphere
unrivalled.
Every public library, mining engineer, metallurgist,
raining operator and intelligent mechanlo and manufao
nrer will find profit by Its reading.
Subscription, f i a year, in advance. Sample copies
post paid, 10 cents. As an
ADVERTISING
Medium for the Pacific Coast, It la superior to any oth.
er Journal for all kinds of mining and bydraulio ma
chinery and othermechantcal work, building materials
new manufacture and Inventions. Our rate are very
reasonable compared with those of other flrat-elaas
Journals. DEWEY & CO., Publlahara.
231 Sanaome street, San Francisco.