Willamette farmer., September 03, 1875, Page 7, Image 7

WILLAMETTE FARMER .
The Iron Interests of the United States.
It has long been predicted that, by reason of
the increase in the cost of English coal and
labor, English iron masters and smelters would
soon begin to turn their attention to the ad
Tantsges possessed by the iron and coal fields
of the United States. .This prediction is already
coming to pass. The London Engineer of a re
cent date says: "The mineral wealth of the
United States has a great attraction just now,
not only to the operative miners of this conn
try, bnt likewise to certain of our iron masters.
The most recent indication of this is the pur
chase by capitalists in Stockton-upon-Tees of
an extensive tract of country in Tennessee, and
the forming of a company, incorporated under
tho Companies Acts, 1862-67, in this country,
and also under charter from that American
State. The object iu to work the minerals, and
to make pig iron upon 'the property, which,
among other contents, has, we are told, 62,000
acres of coal outcropping into water worn
ravines in seams twelve if eet thick, whioh can
be mined by drift ways, without shafts or
pumping. Near at hand there is mountain
limestone two hundred feet thick: brown
hematite and specular iron ores, free from sul-
pnur and low in pnospnorus, are round in seams
varying from eighty feet to two hundred and
forty feet in thickness, over several wiles of
-country ; and lest these should not be enough,
there are also manganese ore, lead ore, and sul
phate of baryta."
Iron building girders are going into England
from Belgium at lower prices than the English
can produce them. This, taken together with
the successful importation of Alabama iron, is
opening the eyes of our English cousins to the
fact that they can no longer monopolize the
iron business of the world. At a recent meet
ing a principal manufacturer was moved to
admit that he did not believe any one expected
the iron trade to be again what it has been.
There can be no mistake but that the iron
business is fast slipping away from England.
The superiority of American over English steel
is also being recognized everywhere, even among
Englishmen themselves. The Ironmonger, a
standard English publication, gracefully and
frankly acknowledges the situation as follows:
"Surely we shall not have long to look in
vain for the incorporation into steel making in
England of that intelligence by which the best
cutting steel of the New World is so superior
as it is to that of the Old World. We are afraid
that our edge tool makers are supine, and that,
content with their general prosperity arising
out of the making of large quantities at a price
which yields them a fair profit, they are not
sufficiently awake to the gravity of the con
sequences which may ensue upon the sur
passing excellence of specifio American hard
ware." The world must soon look to the United
States for the great bulk of its iron, and when
that time comes an industry will be developed
here which will speedily give this country com
mercial supremacy of the world. Sci. Press.
Calculating the Speed of Railway Travel.
Travelers on railways are often desirous of
knowing the speed at whioh they are moving,
and, as a general thing, are not aware that with
the aid of a watch they may readily do so, even
when mile posts are not plaoed along the
track. This may be done by simply counting
the number of rails whioh are passed over in
any given minute. On the best laid roads the
hammering sound made by the wheels in pass
ing from one rail to another is quite audible,
and may be easily noted on which ever side of
the oar the observer may be sitting. All rails
are either twenty-four or thirty feet in length;
the length of the rail on which you are travel
ing may be ascertained by pacing, or by meas
uring with a pocket rule at any station where
the train stops. Then by counting the num
ber of rails passed in thirty or sixty seconds,
and consulting the subjoined table, you can
readily calculate the speed at which you are
traveling. When a train moves 14.07 feet in a
second, it is traveling at the rate of 10 miles
an hour, or a mile in 6 minutes. The (follow
ing table gives' data for different rates of move
ment, and will be readily understood. The
first column indicates the number of miles per
hour, the second the corresponding number of
teet per second, and tbe tuird tue time occu
pied at that rate in running one mile: ' ' '-
minutes
per mile.
6W
s.io
4 011
3.20
'300 i . I
2 29
; 2 00',
1.55
. 1.161' ,;
1.JS
1.30
1.28- -
1.22
, 1.18
v 1.76
1.12
1.09
1.07 ,
1.01
102
1.00
Steeet Railroad Motoes. The subject of
street railroad transit is still attracting much
attention in all the principal cities of tbe
Union, and many are 'the devices which have
been suggested or tried as a substitute for the
horse. The fireless locomotive, using a -boiler
supercharged" with steatnat the termini, and
when necessary at intetmediate points, is still in
operation'; but withjrbat success accounts are
somewhat at variance.' The coiled spring is
also undergoing experiment, wonnd up by a
steam engine at the termini. Another inventor
employs a horizontal compressed air engine
under tbe floor of the car. .Thus the matter
stands, while the companies are still awaiting
other contributions to tbe subject.
In tbe mean time the ScUnillc American sug
gests that we had better let well enough alone.and
doubts tbe economy of the use of locomotives
except where the power of ten, twenty or more
horses is desired. When only one or two is re
quired that journal thinks the Using 'horse is
preferable to the iron one for the following rea
sons: "The trouble of 'raising a horse' is less
than the labor of buildinga Ipcpwotive Jn-
shop. Arid the" horse takes its own water and
fuel when needed, and needrno stoker : it also
continually repairs.'itsejfsintil .It jilimtiifij
worn ont. Even'thenJ at Ha -dissolution there
is no danger of bursting a boiler. It is always
ready, and needs no firing up ; and finally,
having a sense ofiteelf-prcservation, it will not
blindly go ahead, and run into the river off an
open drawbridge, as locomotives have often
done. If it is objected that occasionally the
control of horse i has been lost by the driver,
and that they ran off, it must be remembered
that runaway locomotives are by no means un
common. Taking all things into consideration
we believe that the ordinary horse ii a good
institution, which it will be hard to surpass by
labor in a machine shop."
Miles Feet per
per hour. second.
10 14 67
12 17 60
It 22(10
18 , 26.40, ,
20 ( ' , 29.33 1 I J J
25 L 36 67 '
30 44.40 j ,tt,
32 4G.0J
H 49 67 J ,
M 62 80 ' c
38 65.73
40 68 67
42 ,- 61.60
44 64.63
46 67.47
48 70 40
60 T8.33
62 76.27
64 79.20
66 82.13
68 85 07
60 88 00
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
! JUYISS3'
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
BATES OF PASSAGE.
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tJCSThe Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
ding, Board and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is ou each ship, and no charge is made foi
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave' New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
Alnd Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
This Route offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, who will avoid the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious tvix overland by rail. .
THE STEAMEES OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW YORK WITH ALL THE TEANS-ATLANTIO LINES FROM EUE0PE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton,
The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
And the, General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
All information regarding Through Rates ofPass'age, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom Through Passage. Tickets can be purchased.
THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON TOE WHARF,
PIER 42 NORTH RIVER, FOOT OF OAJSTL, STREET.
Tl
. ( '
mil')
E, J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Grower of
C . 1.11 x IV iS
- seeds njmjwm3mlS2, flowers.
.j
or
Shrubs.
; ' a-7h; i " Vfrir ya Jftu
Wmv &, WW Hflm, fit
mtprPr BULBS,
Vegetables,
TREES,
Kor tho &AXII3E3X, IVA-HM, and MANSION,
4T Sansome Street, San Francisco. a7"Dea rlptlTo CstiV'guoa on application.
SHEiiiiiii
Wos. 327( 330 and 831 Sanaome Street,
BAN rSlNOISCO.
(THE HEW IMPKOVXD ,
HOME SHU.TW
Sewing Mach'ST "
PRIOB, - r' ffif-dS.OO.
WE ALSO SZLI, iu i
'The Home Sewing Machine
TtieM micblnet u" thnUle, atnlghl ctedlej
and make tbe Lock Stitch.
Tber are surpaaaed by nose.
Tkiy art tt timpltrt and'lipUuLrunnin) t.
cXinn in tt world.
Bend (or circulara.
Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns.
BEND FOB A CATALOOUE.
Bojal Ckarta, $1.50.
E. W. HAIXE8, Agent, 17 New Montgomery
Btnet (Orand Hotel Dnildlng), San Francisco.
Pelton's Six-Fold Horse Power.
.vinm.deneVrr.n?emenUWHbM
uJKMi!i&wima& not"lD8 but a prlme lu,u"r of
Ut be SStnlSa '."be .iKnrbraclnB-my Levera-.ch il. giro tbem ample atrengtb.
All powcrS uTlJ "warranted. For further information, Baud for Circular, and Price Li.t to
Address
HvO-ltm
S. PELTON, Patentee.
Salem, Oregon.
ISsfS
ybrca
WW
1 will aena IS Flowering Plants fcr One DoUar
rour choice rroro luoaoru;, DTaiuuB r.jirm.
JV ILLUTBATBDClTLUUUt,
dmribei the culture of PUstl Heds,
(ITCH, (it Warren at., Boetoi, saa.
SEED
,20 FINE VERBENA8 FOR $1. '
Any of tue following nameo bubkuiw ".
KSeSWfffi c"fir'S No-ordeV "r,Wjd or
Knk.TcTffiiir.'ir AVLftiTESr XSTiTS..
AbutllOD, ActDfautbiin. Ooleui. Caunaa, CWyaan
tbcmunn. tlarjy yuux. Cujibea, fcupatormun,
Mi.ii.. Pi.vrriiv. lltllotrrmef. Tlrtrnxentfuni.
tii...i u jli, rnU. PUmi. UmAAK. rtouble Petuntal.
Bolanum CaV'luiiirum. v rouluu One iMCknA
ter. IMI'aui. Petunia 'Phlox and Vtrhena for 23
ccnu My IlluttratHl t'ataloirue of Ktvi rltntt
Seeda for 187. and any to packm of tbe above
owiue kii vu 'PJ 'utEH,B a CO . Erie, Pa.
rSrBRYANT & STRATT0H J?2& 1
BUSINESS COLLEGER
Publiahcd Quarterly. Jakuakv Nimaaa Juit
hiued. and contain! over 100 Paqes.oOOEhciiavikcs,
deicriptlon. of more than 600 of our bctt Flowers
nd Veceteblea. with Directions for Culture, Cotomp
PtATE.ctc. Themoit ueful and elegant work of
the kind In the world. Only 5 cents for the yea.-.
Publiihed In EnzlLh and German
AddTela, JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y.
trXfXTT0?f
$25
a day guaranteed u.ln oar Wall
Auaer Drills. (100 a month
paliTto aool Aatnu Auyvr book
free. Jlli Auger Co., Bt.Loula.ato
.-81