hot3l;lame:tte farmer.
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Qood HljVLTH-
Duration of Human Life.
The opinion hag become very prevalent among
many that of late years human life has become
shortened beyond what it was a thousand
or two or tbieo hundred years ago. Bat
well authenticated facts contradict Mick opin
ions. It is stated, in u recent G'rtnau periodical,
that while in Republican Home the average
duration of life among the upber, always tho
longest lived elates, was only thiriy ,iears,
among the same clases'lii the present century
it reaches fifty years. In the sixteenth century
the mean duiatiun of life in Otneva was 21.21
years; Between lSWaSS '1833 it had reached
4U.8 years, una at the 'present time 'as many
people live there to the Allotted term of 'seventy
as inre nnnurea, yearn ago lived to,iortytnree,
thafcountiy,
the other in lOO.-i In the former year "Gov
vernment made considerable profit by borrowing
a large sum of, money on terminable annuities,
based on the mean durational life at that time;
in tho latter another loap,, based on the same
tables, 'resulted in a serious loss. The average
duration of life in England at the Drcsent dav
is about forty years for males, and forty two
for females. The ratio is of course higher
among the better-to-do classes, lower among
the working classes ana me poor, l ne aristoc
racy and .annuitants are exceptionally long
lived; and a much larger number of people
than is generally supposed reach tho ago of one
hundred years and upwards.
There can be no, better test of the i meliora
tion which we owe to modern .civilization than
the increased length, of man's earthly span as
uuiuuarcu wuu wo tge aivaiucu iu uuuiuui niiu
meditsval times."' - " -" "'
OT .i(.
Limb yXrBnTiN MEMniuNoris Ciu.cp. p.j;.
John Baftlett.'lri' the, Chicago,, feriiccU jftram
iner, recommends the 'following method of
using lime vapor: The patient is placed in a
tent extemporised .with bedclothes and clothes
horse. In this is placed a tub, and in the tub
a bucket,' filled with hot water. Patient being
seated in the tent with nurse, ul slacked, lime
is dropped'into the water. From time to time
the physician estimates the state of the vapor,
Increasing the steam, and hmoby dropping
into the water pieces of lime. The quantity of
lime required is large. " The doctor's experience
in the ub6 of this bath has been a happy one.
The onward march" of the disease seemed
checked at once, and a real improvement to
take place.
Nervousi Sympathy. Our leaders have no
doubt spliced , the .verification of the phrase
" gapes aro'f' catching," and it would seem by,
tho following singular statement that fainting
la ntahlnnlan? ' A' vnnnr Tarfv t-6.ontlir toViiIa
in conversation on' matters verging on the hor
rible in Stronse'oprset factory, NewdHavcn,
with a, number, of comrades, fainted. Singular
to saytho faint .was contagious, add girl after
girl fainted, and even one man employ odin'the
shop succumbed. How long this would have
gone on; it is' impossible to e'ay. Mr. Morris,
the foreman, ordered a stoppage of wdrk, and
thus endeij this singular and unparalleled dem
onstration of nervous sympathy."
Cobk job Htdbophobia. M. Lebeau, a vet
erinary surgeon of Pails, claims to have dis
covered a cure for hydrophobia, and submits
the cure to an experiment, as follows: On the
23d of May he inooulated with hydrophobia
virus 'sixteen dogs, in a hospital. Eight of
these dogs will be kept Fecurely without treat
ment; the other eight will be treated with the
remedy, and the practitioner is confident that
that his eight will remain sound, while the
others will die.
Good Advice to a Dyspeptic. A gentleman
saw an advertisement that a receipt for the
cure of dyspepsia might be had by sending two
postage stamps to the advertiser, and the an
swer was, "Dig in your garden and lot whisky
alone."
Domestic EcopopY-
Buckwheats and How to Make Them.
Buokwhoat cake,-properly mado and o snit
able ingredients, is not only n very harmless
little oirenlar institution when decently and
rightly drased, but a very excellent and healthy
adjunct to the morning meal for fivo or sir
months of the year as well. T would not, how
ever, and d not, make them from buckwheat
alone, for the simple reason that they arenot
so good by half, leaving the question of hygiene
out of the account. My cakes are made of
buckwheat, flower.. Graham flour from white
wheat, and wheat middlings equal parts, or
the two former in equal proportions, and I am
cf tho opinion that nd other combination of
grains or mtals now known, can surpass thif
for the purpose intended. A little oatmeal in
place of the middlings does well, but it is not
so good. We think our cakes are always good
when they have had proper attention, and I
will submit the formula to your readers lor,
confirmation'. ' ,
Always mix in a covered earthen jar, with
suitable spout for pouring, and never in tin.
Mix at bedtime one quart of the flours and in
the proportions above mentioned; three table
spoonsful soft yeast; a teaspoonful salt; suffi
cient buttermilk or other sour milk to make a
rather thick batter. Let tbis stand in a mod
erately warm place until morning, and when
wanted for use, thin slightly with cold water,
add a teaspoonful of saleratus or soda, and
bake immediately, over a brisk fire to Aunt
Chloe's "goldou brnwn,", and serve pretty
warm, with the baking heat (lightly dimin
ished, and by no means steam them under a
tin. and wait till all are baked before eating, as
is frequently recommended. Then if a little
gravy is relished no barm will ensue, if prop
erly made, but there is. a vat-t difference be
tween lard oil and a Juicy meat gravy. If syrup
is need, pure sugar drip?, or better still, maple
syrup if obtainable should be used, and not
sulphurio ''golden drips," which baa recently
found its way into the market and is poisonous.
When the batter is cnoe started as above, and
cakes desired each morning, all you have to do
is to leave a email portion of the batter each
time, let it stand over night aa before, and add
the neoeaaary four, silk and saleratus in the
morning and the trick goes' on, repeating itself
admirably and only needs entire renewal at
ong intervale Comity Qtntitma. - - -
i f t
Anothbb Mktbod or Maximo) Cod-Lives On!
Palatable. Mr. P. L. Stuinionds, in the Lon
don Chemist and Druggist, suggests the folio -ing:
Take equal parts of ground coffee and,
bone blaek; mix tbm in teu times their com
bined weight of cod-liver oil, and digest for
half an how at a temperature of about 130
Fahr. ; then place tbo bums on a alter and drain
the oil , aad yo will have iu nauseous taste
changed into a pleasant coSee flavor.
im rapiimy wltu, which r mo uioiiui rots in
England,' even in iter earliest period of extension,
is ahown'by- tbo" comparison' of 't,wo financial
transact!6ns in thafcotinttV'bfle in 1693 'and
Two Good Recipes.
We clip the following from the correspond
ence of tbo Qermantown Tileirnph:
Stewep Water-Cresses. It may not be gen
erally known that water cresses lire very dt
licions when stewed. Tboy should be placed
in strong salt and watt r to free them from all
insects, after which they should be carefully
picked over, all the waior drutued off, and then
put into a stew pan wlin a lump of bt tier ana
a little salt and pepper a few minutes will
suffice to render the cress quite Under. A lit
tle Tingar may bo added just before serving,
but this must be according to taste. The cress
stew' bade thin, as n substitute for pirsley and
bntterTwill be found an excellent adjunct to
boilej fowl. o
SctUP Eusdino. Put tho serana of bread.
crust and crumb, into, a bowl with snfllcient
miiK to cover mem. uover wuu a saucepan
lid or a plate, and put into the oven to soak
about half an hour. Take out and mafh with
a fork till it is a pulpj'theh add a hundful of
raisins and as many currants, a teacupful of
brown sugar, half a cup of milk, some candied
lemon-peel and one egg. Stir up well, grease
a puaaing aisn, ana 'pour tup pudding fn.
Orate over a little nutmeg, put into a moderate
ovon, and let bake for an hour and a half.
A.Oood way to clean blaok kid gloves is to
take a teasDOOnful of saltd oil. drop a few
drops of ink in it, and rub it over the gloves
with the tip of a feather; then let them dry in
me snn.
Sheep Raising.
'"' By Col. E. 8. Stowell Continued.
t
The , Improved Spanish Succeed the French
Merinos.
l In 1811 and loNWvMr.irEdwin Hammond, of
MldJlebuiy, vt., purchased of Stephen At-'
wood, ofWoodbury,, Conn., of his pure Hum
phrey merinos, 'in three heveral purchases, the
basis'bf 'lhis flock1 since' so widely and justly
celebrated.' And for twenty years'he and bis
contemporaries both in the Atwood (since
oalled. J,nf.intadn und the Pauler branches of
the Spanish mrino, made rapid strides in im
provement, an improvement by "their perfect
understanding and exquisite management of
their materials," as great as that of Bakewelt
in the coarse sheep of England, or Bates in
the improvedj'honhorn." They "converted
the thin, light-boned, smallish and imperfectly
coverea sneep una iney iuunu into largo,
round, Ion', Strong-boned, well covered sheep,
models of compnotness and beauty in form and
character," with, which you are all so conver
sant, and a fleece, hiich as the world, never saw
before a fleece to wnich tho tamed "Golden
Fleece," for which Jason sailed tho world over,
bore no comparison ; a fleece with a' Ions, fine.
even, lustrous, elastic, strong, stylish fibre of
utmost quantity,, noldlug its quality even upon
flank, head, legs and body, compact, and finer
to tbo touch, '"opening 'like a boon," and show
ing n soft, mellow, pink skin betwten the
cream tinted and water lined leaves.
Early in tbis' period the profits of breeding
Spanish meriuos were not large. The Ameri
can people had been mis-led and lost money iu
sheep. To be sure, they wero SsxonB, and
their loss was owing to the unfitness of those
theep to the American market, and the stupid
polioy of building up the commerce of a coun
try at the expense of her manufacturers. The
people moved slowly and the' breeders slowly,
but surely; they were creating from but mea
gre material a race, a breed, and a wonderful
one it was, but the people didn't see it, the
change was so gradual. Suddenly a bright
light appeared, like a meteor flash 1 The
Taintor importations of French merinos, those
huge models of bone and corrugated skin with
their gross but uneven fleeces, struck the eye,
and the American people were thoroughly
awakened, and with their characteristic unifi
cation rnshed pell tnell into thtir purchase.
Alas 1 to be again disappointed. The French
merino was as much too much of a good thing
as the Saxon too little.
Meanwhile the breeders of the Sparish
merino pursued the even tenor of. their wy,
catobing, it may be, an inspiration from the
advent of such a striking model as the Frenob
sheep presented, and availing themselves of the
true breeders' prerogative ot moulding accord
ing to will, and to almost any type, in form, in
fleeoe. and all that (toes to make ud the Derfect
sheep, they reaohed, it would Form, the highest
acme ot tnoir ait, and mat, too, oy judicious
selections and crossings within tho limits of
their, own nocks bud families. To such an ex
,tent were their improvements cairied, that
when the pit stig ot ibe French waaloit, the
awakened niiud of(tho American public was
ready tu receive the improved' Spanish merino
as the cheep best adaptod to their wants a
i-heep that showed iuelf possessed of all the
merits of the French morino, without ils de
fects.
fne profits wore bountiful and the harvest
large, increased and enhanced, it is true, by
our civil war, until the demand was greater
than the supply, and prices buch as sheep never
reached before. Don't blame tbe breeders lor
that; their prices we. e their protection. Too
large! save one. Aye, too large they might
bavo teeu, I don't deny that, but they were for
a real thing) an article ibat was truly and de
monstrably meritorious I For a sheep was pro
duced that ielded a pound of wool in the
grease to four pounds of carcass, ami a pound
of dean, scoured wool, fit for tbe card', to a
ittle over twelve pounds of carcass, and that,
too, so even and fine that nearly one-half was
of one kind, known tu the trude as No. 1; a
wool that enters most largely into tbu manu
facture of tbe best bf American cloths. Indi-
vidnal sheep nhtarcd 'ni high as, ewo-i twenty
and rams thirty pounds per head. Flocks of
pure tspanian merinos were 6UDiuuea in maoy
Darls of the' West, breeder tuyin2 A few two-
and their stock rums iu Vermont often replen
ishing their, stock as tbey could afford, (lor
these sheep were costly, and I bo good ones are
yet,) in tbe laudai le: endeavor to become tbe
ram breeders of their own sections, and im
prove tbe Urge flocks of grades and re-Spanish
the many flocks of Saxons, raising their aver
ago from two to six and even eight pounds of
wool per nead lor large nocks Kept lor tue pur
pose if wool growing alone,
- To b GonUnoed.
Eastern Wool Markets.
Nkw Yobs, June 2(itb. There has beeu a
rather improved demand for tbe finest grades
of wool.iput ,tilt the-iWMket lacks that life
which dealers and buyers generally believe
would prevail at this period of the season.
Manufacturers Tre far behind itf the total
amount of fall grades manufactured so far this
season, fur though some lines are meeting with
a fair demand, (he goods market, generally
speaking, is without life, with prices very
much in favor ot purchasers. Foreigu clothing
wool oantinues depressed, and holders are in
many instances shipping to Europe, ae tbe
condition of tho Eogli'b atatketa is reported aa
being far better than here. Fleeoes arrive Tory
slowly, aa but few purchase have been made
SlfEEf jJd Wool. -
owing tn the extreme views of farmers. Spiing
Calilornia is weak, but considerable, bnsiness
has been done at lowest pries and conuuiUM
steady. Texas is being received quite freely.
Tbe choicest grades nre sold above tbe views
of purchasers. Coars" grades pell quite frclv
at i-teady 'rattn. The silos have beeu: 27a
bales Australian nt 15 and 50c; 38.000 Ibt
Cape, suppofOd at 3335c; 50.0U0 lbs. fine
and medium JStstern a' aua.ic.; lZo.uou lb,
low Western do. and Mexican ut 2J'20c.;
GO 000 8s. Colorado at 27'.17c.; 50,000 &i.
freo spring California nt 293oc; 10,000 lbs.
long staple no. at o'Jc ; zz n.igs tmrry do nt
23i21c. 12 000 lbs. tlo. old nt 21c; 175,000
ttn. fall nt ltx&ila ; H.uuu ids a. unio fleet e at
53Jc; 75 bags X pul'ed at ll15c; 1,500 lbs.
choice do. nt 52c. : 170 bags super do. at 15
IGc; and 105 do. lamb's do., 27 do. combing
do., 6,000 lbs. picklock fletces, 2,000 lbs. tub
washed do , 10,000 tti. nnwnh-d do., and
50,000 Sbs. do. Western, on terms not made
public. '
Bostos, Juno 2Cth. The demand for wool
has been fair, and sales have been np to tbu
full average,' comprising for the week upwards
of 150,000 pounds domestic, tprinp? California.
combing and delaine fleeces, and nuwnshed
fleeces. There is no chaogo to note iu prices.
Tho market is now settled on a basis of eome
three to five cents per pound lower for all
kinds than current rates some months ago.
Michigan fleeces, which formerly sold nt 52
52V4o. would not now brine over 48181o.
and fine Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces are
fully five cents off from, the highest point.
Medium fleeceB and combing and delaine
fleeces are also off from three to five cents. New
Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces would not bring
over 5050o. per pound for good average lots,
and parties who are purchasing in anticipation
of an advance on these figures , a e likely to be
disappointed. The present excitement in the
wool growing Stales is a matter of surprise to
both dealers and manufacturers, and It 'is be
lieved that this excitement can bo but tempo
rary, as wool could pot be bought at the prices
ruling in me iniurioranu uispuaeti ox in me
eastern markets except tt a loss. Xransac
tions 'in XXX Ohio have been principally at
5253a, but tbese prices are for desirable
lots of old ,wool. Tbe demand for California
is good, and the manufacturers evidently find
this wool the cheapest of any now on the mar
ket, it costing from 05 to 80c for scoured. Sales
of the week have been 623,000 pounds spring,
including eomefanoy clips, as high as 3310c,
but principally from 3035o. for good and
choice. Spring arrivals have beeu large, and
holders are woruins off their stock as fast as
fiossible, a prices are as high now as they are
ikely to bo for some months to come. In
pulled wool, very little nastieen done compared
with transactions for some previous weeks.
Recent hales inolude Ohio and Pennsylvania
fleece. XX and XXX. at 50fB55c. i Michioan at
17u.;iNew York and Western fleeces at 1551o.;
washed, v combine; and delaine, 55G0o. ; un
washed do do, 3S50o.; scoured do do, 517Sc. ;
tub washed do do, 555Gc. ; super, 66o.;pulled,
15ulc; spring, 2010c; California fall, 22c
Call' " ' '
The Bessemer Channel Steamer,
"
The much 'talked of experiment of Mr. Bes
semer a swinging saloon for avoiding sea sick
ness in crossing the English channel seems
to have proven a failure. At all events Mr.
Bcsfoifior bus found it necessary to abandon
the idea of making the cabin maintain its level
automatically, and now entrusts that duty to a
man who stands in the center of tbe cabin
watching a spirit'level, and managiug with a
single lever a complicated and powerful system
of hydraulio brakes. Any one who knows by
experience how difficult it is to hold a spirit
lever perfectly motionless, will understand the
delicacy ot too task wnlcn this uessenier brake
man has to accomplish. The incessant motion
of the restless waves has to be counteracted by
an equally incessant movement ot tho lever.
A moment's inattention or carelessness, and
the swinging cabin swings madly through an
aro of many degrees. We do not understand,
however, tint he has entirely given up his pro
ject; that he is still hopeful of making it a suo
cess is quite probable and natural. But there
can be no doubt but that he is Borely disap
pointed at the result thus far.
Perhaps it may be truthfully said that tho
swinging saloon has not yet been tested under
conditions favorable to the formation of an in
telligent and unprejudiced opinion of the prac
ticability of the idea, and the Jact that it was
allowed to remain fixed during the public trial
trip, a though nil the machinery for maintain
ing its equilibrium was in positim, may he ro
carded as indicatint; that Mr. Bessemer and
Mr. lioed, his urchin ot aud contractor, have no
(treat faith in its successful wirkiutj The
English papers expie-. doubts tlmt it will ever
be regularly employe 1 iu the channel service,
owing to itsinnmanahblonesH'iii entering and
leav)ng the Calais harbor. This, howevpr. re
mains to be determined. Wo lertainlv hor.i
that Mr. Bessemer will succeed in making Ins
snip a success, and tnat to tuo tii-n ipointiuunt
which he donbtlesH air. ady f els will'not be
added the mortification of tompleto and final
failure.
The Enyineer expresses an opinion Ihst the
swinging saloon, even if it U mile to work,
will never prevent st.i sickness; jet it isnlwR
best to, avoid an over confident opinion with
regnrdto an experiment which does not abso
lutely imply in itSHticies-s apo-itivo nubifici
tlon of well known natural laws. The declara
tion of L miner tbat.it was folly to think of
crossing the Atlantic with a steamboat; the
jeering of Davy at the idea of lighting tbe
s'r-ets of London with gas, aud tho incredi
bility of other iavants with regal d to thn as
sumed possibilities of railroad traveling in tbe
early days of the locomotive, will always stand
out as i-o many warnings against the propriety
of condemning the future of anything which
admits rf a scientific possibility.
Fat Deccmi'oskd nie Saw Watbb. M. Mar.
tlconauH, a manufacturer in Han Sebastian,
long fego remarked th it the fat which remained
attached to taltod skins was decomposed. Re
cently having bought fat which for a lonir time
had beeu in coutuct with sea water, he had it
washed with acidulated water, then wih pure
water, and finally p I'ssed, when he obtained
tbo fatty acids: stearic, margaria and oltic.
This conforms to what at present is known
concerning fats; rancidity of fats is nothing
but decomposition, the glycerine separating
from tbe fatty acids, and the fats from being
neutral when fresh, become 'acid when old and
rancid. 'It appears that 'the contact of salt
water hastens this decomposition, while beat
doos this stil more. Fat inclosed with water
in a vei-iel and submitted to a heat of some
300O to 1003 Pah. (of course under pressure,)
will, when kept in continuous circulation, be
decomposed in eight hours,
Qbakoebs' Business Association, It will
be seen by reference to other columns of tbis
paper that the Grangers' Business Association
of Calilornia is now ready for tbe transaction
of a general commission business. Farmers
who require business transactions in Sao Fran
cisco should eive tbis house tho preference:
thy can rsly upon tbe good faith of the man-fAje'i-
Mechanical Drawing.
In this article I shall take a strictly profes
sional view of tbo snbjtct. I ahull show the
reader that tht, surve-jor engineer, either civil
or mechanical, ought to bo A practical drafts
man, and tench him how to become one.
Drawing is the gr phiod rt presentation of
objfcts, either renl or iiu igintd -imagined in
our cafe expressly for tho purpose of being
carriod out in nature nnel becoming real. Tho
fir.-tprictice must bo free-hand dinwing. All
beginnings are difficult, and whtn you tike
your pencil in hand and find that you cannot
do with it what you want to, yon are apt to feel
discouraged, and think that to do it requires
spe-clal talent. Disabnse your mind of this
idea; all that is required is tho conviction
that real work has begun aud must bo carried
on with earnest, thoughtful application. With
out this application the mostexslted talent will
produce comparatively little. Look nt some
work executed for industrial purposes for in
stance, tho designs on calicoes, wall papers,
desigus tor carpet, etc; try to copv tuom, or
invent some new ones, and yon will find that
it reouires n treat nmount of nrnntim to nr mlnco
anything as good. These dosigus nre mostly
produced in tho factories by young men and
womon. Alter a time tho ctrls mako excellent
draftswomen. Thoy have to work expedi-
tiou-Iy, and are certainly not paid as artists.
The necessity of supporting themselves' has
made them . thoughtful nud industrious, and
their training rarely consists in more than the
first practice I recommend, zealously carried
through.
After n little intelligent practice yon will find
that you have more talent than you at firt
supposed, and the Rood opinion of vourtolf
will increase your progress, and with it tbo
enjoyment in your work. All of you can bo-
come good practical drattsmeu, getting moro
expert in proportion as your profession offers
you opportunities to execute drawings. The
object of free-hand drawing is to discipline
nana and eye, tne nnnd uemg tne more toacn-
able ot the two.
I will eive an instacoe. to prove that tbe eve
must be educated to see. In running tbo
boundary line between California and Novada
over a very rough and difficult country, I had
two flagmen. The first one had to give sights
ahead in a straight line, often distant for a
mile or more. He bad to grope' his way through
gulches, timber, and over recks; but where he
t et up bis flag he was Beldom more than ton or
fifteen teet on tbe lino, lie bad an educated,
keen eyo. The hind tlagmnn had to set up on
the station just abanddned by tbe instrument;
ho nad plenty of time to study tbe line botore
him, but still he would get lost on his way
from one station to tbe other, and bad sonio
times to be hunted up by other of the party.
When yon look at some piece of maohluerv,
especially if it bq in motion, you will find it
very difflcnlt to see everything; whereas, when
your eye Is' educated you will perceive the pur
pose of tho construction and understand the
thoughtf ulness of the arrangement of its parts.
The education of tho eye begins with that of
the hand with your first practice, and there
fore I wish to impress upon jou that your real
work begins therewith,
You should begin with copying simple forms
contour lines from good drawings. I would
prefer the forms of nature forms of leavos,
plants, flowers, going from the most simple to
tbe moot complicated ones. These will teach
yon a good deal besides drawing. Copy these
foims, correct your copy patiently, and finally,
when true, outline them with an even, deliber
ate lino. Drawings of good architectural orna
ments, and for advanced scholars portions of
the human frame, and finally figure drawing,
is excellent practice.
With the brush vou will have to praotico lav
ing on flat tints in India ink and color, noxt
evenly graduating from deepest shade to light.
As soon as you have acquired some experience
of hand and eye, you ought to begin to draw
from nature the same leaves aud flowors you
copy from drawings.
In shading, take a cobble stono or shell of
uniform color, put it before you and try to re
produce on paper tbe delioate shading of nature.
You will require all your pationce and perse
verenco to vanquish thatcobble stono or shell,
but when you have sucoeeded you will hive
made groat progress iu your carter ns a drafts
man. Manufacturer and Builder.
POPCI.AB SoiKNOK WITH A VeNOKASCK. It is
one of thu mu-t hopeful signs of tho times that
everybody is now supposed to know a it t lu
science. Somo of m know n very lit lo. Others
know a good deal, but the uriaugoiiiuiitls some
what coufused. We scarcely know to which
clnss tho compiler of tbo ''Yorkshiii) Exhlbi
tion Guide" belong-. Whatever amount of
Hcientiiio knowledge bu possehses, ho certainly
bus ill- art of "combining lis information"
and proaeuting it to his leaders in a fresh,
cnoertul and in'oio ting mariner. Jlo uaya:
"Aimdaland platn formed of the imw iiiotal,
palladium, will be lutrfnuting to scientific uion.
1'ho iiicovery of this metal a fe-v years ago by
Professor Graham finally i-ettled tbo long dis-
Euted point as to whether or not tho gns
ydrtgon was ain-tal. He proved that palla
dium was simply hydrogou coudensed. This
may be endly oxempliflod by plncng a phrniil
the metal under thu receiver of an air pump
aud exhausting tbe air. Tho nlid m-iiul ut
onco flits off as a gas, and on readmitting tLo
nir it shrinks again into its former sizo. TLe
little medal shown contains 100 times its vol
ume of the gas." Wu will only add, in trans
ferring this gem to our columns, that wo hope
it is not a fair sample of the teaching at tho
Leeds Mechinics' Institute thu worthy ob
ject for whoio benefit the Yorkshire exhibition
is ueing iieiu.
At the Atlas works, Pittsburg Pa,, thoy uro
making tbe largest shears ever coustrunttxl in
this country. They will weigli forty tuns, and
will shear cold iron five inches think.
SYMPT0MS OF LIVER COMPLAINT. AND OF
SOME OF THE DISEASES PRODUCED
BY IT.
A sallow or yellow color of skin, or yollowish
brown spots on face and other parts ol body;
dullness and drowsiness, with fioqunut hou'l
aobe; diziinoes, bitter or bod ttst in moutn,
dryuiss of throat and internal heat; palpita
tion; iu many pares a dry, teasiuu cough, with
sore throat; unsteady appetite, raising food,
choking sens ition iu throat; distress, heavi
ness, bloated or fu 1 feeling about stomach and
sides, pain in fcidc i, back or breast, and about
shoulders; colic, , uln and soreness through
bowels, ith beat; constipation alternating,
with frequent attac s of diarrbo;a; piles, flatu
lence, nervousness, coldness of extremities;
man of blood to hei.il, with symptoms of apo
plexy, numbness of limbs, especially at niunt;
cold chills, alternating with hot flashes, kiduey
and urinary difficulties; dullness, low spirits,
unsociability and gloomy forebodings. Only
few of above symptoms likely to be present at
one time. All who use Dr. Pierce's Alt. Ext.
or Golden Medical Discovery and Pleasant
Purgative Pellet for liver Complaint and its
Tbey are sold by all dealers in medicines. Com.
Put Flowers on Your Table.
Set flowers on yrur table n whole noegny
if yon ran got it, or but two or thre, or a
single flower, a ro'e, a pink, a daisy. Bring a
ff' daisies or buttercups from your list field
work, and keep 'hem alivo iu a little water:
preserve but n bunch of clover, or n handful of
flowering grass ono of the most elegint of
nature's productions and yon hare something
on yonr tible to rriuind jou of God's creation
and pive yon a link with tbe poe's that have
none it most nonor. 1'ut a ro-o, or n Illy, or a
violet on your table, and jon nud Lord Bacon
have a custom tn common; for this great and
wise man was in tbo habit of having flowers in
season set upon bis table, wo buliovf , morning,
noon and nitjbt that is to say, nt nil meals,
seeing that tbey wero growing nil day. Now
bore is n fashion Ibat will last jou forever, if
you p'ease never change with silks and velvets
and silver fork', rorba dependent on caprice,
or some fiuo gentleman or ltdy who have noth
ing but caprice and changes to give them im
portance and a sensation. Flowers on tho
morning table are especially suited t all. They
look like tbo happy wakening of tho oreation ;
they bring the brenth of natme into your room;
thoy seem tho very representative and embodi
ment of tbo very smiles of your home, the
graces of good morrow.
Febpktiui, Motion Usnitn Govkrnmkkt
Patronaoe. It appears from a statement in
tho Manufacturei- and Builder that the notori
ous H. M. Paine, well known throughout the
country for bis many attempts to utilize foolish
and tinpraolicablo schemes, is now at work in
New York under Government pttroaage, in
the construction of a "perpotual motion ma
chine!" He proposes tho absurdity that a col
umn of water, say 300 feet high, and hence
with a piessure of 150 pounds per square inch,
is capable, by the employment of certain mech
anism, of moving an eneine without any expen
diture of water whatovor by simple pressure
alonot Hence, every man with a water pipe in
bis house, of ordiuary pressure, may apply
that pressure to an extent proportioned to the
pressure and sizo of pipe, to any desired
mechanical purposes. If an, why will not a
pile' of briok, or stone, or Bind, answer the
Bamo purpose why insist upon water alone?
We leave our readers to ponder over such an
absurdity, and place their estimate upon the
engineering rapaoity of the Government offi-
cor who could lend himself to snoh a swindle.
lho statement seems almost incredible; yet we
find it. in detail. occuDvins nearly a pace in
the journal mentiond, with tho prinoiple of
the mechanism fully illustrated and described.
We should add. however, that the -Uanufdcfurer
ridioulos tbo idea as absurd in tho extreme.
C'OMMUNIClTrn J
& CO.'S BAG
TORY.
E. 0ETRICK
MANUFAC-
The farmers of California do not appear to
be discouraged about the harvo-t of the present
year, judging from the way they have been
patronizing our bag merchants. Mossrs. E.
Defrick & Co., of 123 Clay street, oontraoted
during tho months of January and February to
furnish 1,300,000 grain bags. Tbis enormous
number was furnished in time to be ready for
tho first of tho present crop, They are now
constantly filling large nvdors, and they inform
us thnt they are not only getting new customers
in goodly numhors, but all patties to whom
thoy sold bags last year piofess a deoided pre
ference for bags ot tlio'r manufacture. This is
a guarantee that their bags givo satisfaction,
and it is not to bo wondered at when we come
to learn of the great care oxeroised by this firm
in the manufacture of their gooi'a. Messrs.
Detrick & Co. appoar to have, in the making of
their double seamed bottom bags, approached
very near perfection. That thoir "E. W.,"or
standard bag is superior to any English hand
sewed bag in tbe market, it is only necessary to
give them a trial to prove to the most preju
diced. Those who have tried in previous sea
sons rcfuso to use any other. Ono of tho chief
points of exccllouce in tbo Dotrick bag, besides
its great strength, is its unifonuity of size.
In lots of 500 they will not be found to vary
any porceptiblo degreo. By means of their
fine hydraulio press, Messrs 'Detrick & Co. aro
able to bale thoir bags so tbu' they will onduie
tbe roughest kind of handling.
Thin firm bavo latoly cont noted with ono
farmers association to furnish them with 150,
000 wheat bags; with another for 200.000; and
only a few days Binco received an order from it
prominent Granger in Butto county for 10,000
wheat bags. Ono of their las' year customers
dioppnd in a fowdayssinco aud ordered 15,000
wheat bags to bo shipped to his much. Mewrn.
Detiick .t Co make a goodnniclo, a!l ut a lair
price, anil aro Hgrtoablo men tn deal with.
TLo farmers nre firding ihiri out, and limon
tbo rapidly increasing demand-) upon thn
capacity of thcii manufactory.
rciMUUMOATKP.l
THE AVERILL CH- MICAL PAINT.
'1 be popnl.iitty of the Averill Chfein cal Puiut
is rapidly on ilia increase. Some time ago the
California Chmnicnl Puint Company, who nre
thu sole mnnufactuiciH of tho Aver'ill paint ou
ibis const, found tbu premises occupied by
them mi Tnunsend street totally inadequate to
meet tho ilemunds of their bnsinet-g, so that
lhe-y st-oured possession of the fine store, No.
117 Pine street, and mado it tbeir headquarters
for the aile of paints and transaction of busi
ness, nsing thtir old deput wholly for muuu
nctiiring purposes. Wo have hud cocasion in
n previous issue to speak of tbe excellencies of
llleir paint, and a moro thorough acquaintance
with it btrongtbens our llrt impressions. It is
composed of the very b.st materials, com
pounded on e-cieutiilo piinciples, and the result
in a paint which canuot be excelled, and w
doubt if it can bo equalled
It possesses elasticity, is wntorproof, dries
quickly a great desideratum in this climate
wbore flying dust is so frequent has a glosoj
finish and will outlast any ordinary paint. One
point whioh recommends it especially to the
farmer or any one having occasion to apply it,
is that this paint is ready mixed for use. No
stirrin or fussing, or turning your wood shod
into a laboratory. All you have to do with the
Averill paint is to open tbe can, dip in your
brush aud paint away.
It is sold in one-fourth, one-half, one, two,
nud live gallon packages at prices, which make
it cheaper to paint your house or barn than
leave it in tbe rough state.
Candi.ks fob Invalids. Pulmouio candles
are obtimng great favor in England, By mix
ing benzoin and storax with bteaxine, a deli
cious balsamic aroma Is given out by the burn
ing candles. Tbis gives relief to lungs dis
eased, and its fragrant incense is grateful to
the olfactories of tbu faithful generally sound
and nnsoond.
Onb hundred and fifty thousand dollars,
worth of property wait destroyed by tbo recent
storm ia Iowa.