WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Copper in the Human Organism.
Becent experiments by M. Bergeron demon--utrate
tho presence of traces of copper in the
human body. The organs examined were the
livers and kidneys; and in fourteen Instances
copper was detected. The experiment were
made with 800 to 1,000 grammes of organio
materials in eaoh case. Special precautions
were taken to prevent the accidental Introduc
tion of copper into the eolation undergoing
analysis. A special chamber was constructed
containing no copper; the laboratory tables
were of wood; the balance, water-baths, gas
burners, etc., were of iron; and the filter paper,
distilled water and reagents were carefully
tested, and found to be free from this metal.
The organs were heated in a large porcelain
capsule to complete dryness, and afterwards to
carbonization. Incineration of the carbona
ceous mass was performed in a muffle furnace
at a low temperature.
The ash, treated with nitrio acid, evaporated
to dryness and, redissolved in water, pro
duced a solution which gave reactions for cop
per with ammonia, with ferrocyanide ot pc
tasslum, and with polished steel.
In eleven cases, the organs being taken from
individuals varying in age from seventeen to
fifty-eight, the maximum amount of copper
'found was .002 grms.; the minimum amount
..0007 grms. In one case, the individual being
seventy-eight years of age, the amonnt of cop
per was found to be .003 grms. In six other
cases, where festal organs were examined, cop
per was detected in minute traces.
The copper existing in the organism is with
out doubt introduced in the use of food.
The use of copper vessels, the daily contact
with various objects of copper or brass, coins,
keys, eto, introduce in our organs traces of
copper, of which the greater part is eliminated;
but there remains in a state of combination a
minute trace of the metal, which is found in
the liver and the kidneys, and this is true
whatever the age, sex or mode of life, and
averages, .002 grammes in weight.
Routine Work.
The recurring duties whioh the change of
seasons Brings naturally suggests tne tact tnat
the greater part of the, life of the average man
and woman is f pent in doing the same thing
right over and over and over again. Every
spring the housewife renews her house, in
order, in cleanliness, in comfort, reclothes the
members of her family, and makes due prep
aration for the summer. She does essentially
at this time the very same thing that she did the
last season, that she will do the next. If she is
a good housekeeper, each succeeding season
makes the task easier because she is more ao
customed to it and should know how to take it
to better advantage than ever before, bat the
task is still the same.
The farmer plows the came fields that he
plowed last spring, harrows tbem, plants them,
and then goes over them again and again and
again with hoe or cultivator till the harvest, so
far as he can make it so, is secure. The mer
chant takes account of stock just as ht did last
year, lays in his goods for the summer season,
deepens and widens the channels of his trade,
if possible, but lets the channels remain the
same. In like manner the mason, the carpen
ter, the compositor, the teacher, the editor, the
lawyer, the physician, minister, do over the
same work fiom week to week, from month to
month, from year to year, with variations so
Blight that the routine seems essentially the
same. Of course all this monotony sometimes
gets tiresome and we clamor for a change and
laucy that some other mode of industry will be
easier and more agreeable than that which cir
cumstance or choice has made ours that some
body else is better off in this respect than we
are. Bat when we get inside of the life of that
somebody else we find that routine work makes,
up the larger portion of it, and that without
the mastery of routine work in the lower fields
success in the higher ones had never been at
tained. The biographies of all who have
achieved nobly, shows this so plainly that he
who runs may read. N. Y. Tribune.
Foreign Talent as an Aid to Pboobess.
Some countries, such as Bassia for instance,
have always done their best to attract foreign
workmen, foreign artists, foreign talent of
every sort, conceding special rights and immu
nities to the valuable colonists whose skill and
kuowledge silently help to reclaim the natives
from barbarism. But for such importations
from England, Holland and Germany the great
empire of the Czars would not at the accession
of Peter the Great have possessed a ship, or a
sailor to navigate it, or a foundry for cannon.
Some famous old manufactures are now all
but extinct in the birthplace of the art. To
ledo and Damascus no longer furni-h their his
toric sword-blades to half a world; Florence
and Mantua no longer clothe Europe; the Ven
etian glass has been but artificially revived, for
none can chain the subtle sprite Prosperity to
their chariot wheels; and when greed or neglect
has brought about the period of decay, it is but
a blank prospect that awaits native industry.
Needle Making;. There is a needle factory
in New Haven where the whole process is done
by a single machine without the manual labor
of any person. A coil of steel wire is put in.
The machine cuts itoflf at the required lengths.
It cuts the cteel pieces consecutively, punches
the eye-holes, countersinks the eyes and grinds
the points, and in fact does everything until
the needles drop ut completely formed. An
other machine picks tbem up and arranges their
heads and points together, and a third piece of
mechanism puts them into paper. One of these
machines occupies no more space than an ordi
nary table, and each of them turns out from
thirty to forty thousand needles a day. Most
of the needles in use in this country have been
imported from England until a few years past .
A Gun MiNUPAOTtTBED in an Houit. A gen
tleman reoently called at the Remington gun
manufactory at Ilion, N. Y., with the view of
making the purchase of some arms He was
shown through the works, and evinced great
interest in all the prccesses. At the close ol
his tour of inspection a gun was shown him
and repeatedly discharged in his presence. He
was then told that since his entrance into the
works every part of the identical gun just fired
bad been manufactured and put together, and
that his own eyes had witnessed every stage of
the work. He then offered to purchase five
car loads of gons which the Spanish inspectors
had recently rejected, probably with the view
of getting some small reduction, and paid the
Messrs. Remington the price named in the
original contract. It is supposed that this un
known gentleman was an agent of Don Carlos.
If this be the case the Spanish government has
through its officials quite overreached itself.
Failube of Coppeb Sulphate. Railway
sleepers injected with sulphate of copper will
be preserved indefinitely, provided the copper
remains in its original combination with the
ligneous tissue. But M. Max Faulet shovs
that, on railways where carbonate of lime ex
ists in the stone ballasting ot the track or in
the soil, the carbonate gradually penetrates the
wood and substitutes the copper. Deoiy then
follows, for carbonate of lime is not a septic
agent.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
New York to San Francisco, via Panama.
RATES OF1 PASSAGE.
o
P
O
o
a
Q
o
i
"VAr
tJEsThe Rates include the transit of the Isthmus of Panama via Panama Railroad. Also, Bed
ding, Board and all necessaries for the voyage. An experienced Surgeon is on each ship, and no charge is made foi
medicines or medical attendance.
Steamers leave New York every Saturday at 12 o'clock, Noon,
And Make the Trip to San Francisco in Three Weeks.
This Route offers Special Inducements to EMIGRANTS, wlio vill avoid the delays,
discomfort and expense of the tedious trip overland' by rail.
THE STEAMEES OF THIS LINE CONNECT AT NEW Y0EK WITH ALL THE TEANS-ATLANTIO LINES FE0M EUE0PE
Also at the Isthmus of Panama with Steamers of the
Hamburg American Packet Company, from Hamburg and Havre,
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, from Southampton,
The West India and Pacific Steamship Company, from Liverpool,
And the General Trans-Atlantic Company, from St. Nazaire.
All information regarding Through Rates of Passage, can be obtained from the Agents of the above Lines at any
port in Europe, from whom Through Passage Tickets can be purchased.
THE OFFICE OF THE PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSIHP COMPANY, IN NEW YORK, IS ON TITE WHARF,
PIEE 42 ISTOHTII RIVER, FOOT OF CANAL STREET.
i nnBIM!l
R, J. Trumbull, Dealer in and Grower of
SEEDS
or
Vegetables,
TREES,
FLOWERS.
Hhrubs,
BULBS,
Kto.,
Kor tho OAHDEN, :PA-Tllr, nnd MA-NSION,
437 Sonsome Htreet, San Francisco. 7"Des riptive CitaV gtica on application.
IIII I Hb
HAS IB IB! flH
I'Sfill-.lf H HSR
ilHLllMMlMI n HB
BljnTwii a aqner it caa. eaJJalH
No. 327,928 and 331 Baasoma Street,
BAM FBANC1800.
ITUE NEW IMPROVED
HOME SHUTTLE
Sowing Machine.
lER-IOOU, - - $43.00.
WE ALSO SELL
The Home Sewing Machine.
Theee machine use a shuttle, straight needle,
and make the Lock Stitch.
They are surpassed by none.
Tkey art tKt timplut and ligSUit-running ma
ekintt in Me world.
Bend lor circulars.
Mme. Demorest Reliable Patterns.
BEND FOR A CATALOOUE.
Royal Charti, $ 3.60.
E. W. HAINES, Agent, IT New Montgomery
Street (Orand Hotel Building), Sas Tranclaoo.
Published Quarterly. January Numiifi. Just
Issued, and contains over 100 Paoes.oOO Engravings,
descriptions of more than 500 of our best Flowera
and Vegetables, with Directions for Culture, Lolokhi
Plate, etc. The most useful and elegant work or
the kind in the world. Only 35 cents for the yea
Published in EnRli-h and German.
Address, JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y.
$te $gXyXtf(GT&
jtMHBHBB
-SH:Roye4-
.'rcm ' vrj r
&&Xian9
'FLOWER G
mm
I will send 12 Flowering Flanta for One Dollar
rourcnoice irom iuu aorta), dv nan, uu EAfUEBH.
MY ILLUSTRATED CATALUUUt,
dtierlbMiheetiltiirtor Plants A Reeds,
to ruitomera frei other, lOe. Addreil
.K. BOWDITCH, 616 Warren it., Boston, lass.
SEEP
",20 FINE VERBENAS FOR $1.
Anv tit thft frtilnwlniF named nldnti tent bv mall.
postage ruM, at 10 cum cadi An three ftorti ror
ZScet.tn, or llftcti lor SI. Kounler retelveilfor
lets than UtuntJ. Fuclirlai. en.iilun (Double
Zonule, huntfii und I, liiiruului, Carualluiis,
JMnki. CuluoUrea, llakot I'luiil. Afccrutuuii,
Aim i lion, jun)runimi, coitus, uaunan, our) mi,.
theinuiii. J lardy l'iilox. Cunlati. Ku tutor tu in ,
Htetlits, I'dtritu, HHlotreins, n terocuitrum,
Llljorilu. Aliilieriilu. J'UfU.SiulW. Dotiblu Petunias.
Bular.i.mC'tiiteUJtairtiiii, Vironltas Orm pjcki t Ait
ter, iiaNauj, I'ctui.U, Phlox and Vtrlnua for 23
cent My Illiutmtid CuUlo.'un of JStw Punti
Seed for 187 and tiny two jw-lut of the above
oc'us fern do rci ipi or I'lct-m. A'mri'fts
O.A. BtKSKli k CO , trie, Pa,
Heald1S
'BUSINESS COLLEGER
fSssw ..i oner n Jr i
oil POST sr
'SAN FRANCISCO
Manual of Jurisprudence and Co-opera
tion of the Patrons of Husbandry.
This book Is now In press at the well known publish.
Ine house ot Mills k Oo., of Dea Moines, Iowa, and
will be Issued about tho first of April, proximo.
The very large Bales and the hearty and universal
commendation of the little work, The Pathon's Mori
tob, published some months since by Master Bmedley,
and the very numerous and oft recurring questions of
law and usage, which were pouring in upon him by
every mall, and not alone from this State, but from
every State In the Union, suggested to him the want In
the Order of a more complete treatlso upon the several
subjects therein briefly touched on, and of a more
comprehensive discussion of all the many question
connected wl'h the Jurisprudence of our growing
Order. The burdensome correspondence which wal
entailed on him by reason of bis official position, and
the high esteem In which bis extensive knowledge of
all these matters and hla good Judgment concerning
them were held by members of the Order everywhere,
literally forced him to prepare this book as a measure
of relief, and his long experience admirably qualified
htm to do It.
At the name time, our business arm has been rapidly
reaching out and our band taking hold of many and
new enterprises. A discussion of principles Involved,
aud a plain statement of methods to be employed t
seemed Indispensable. Master Bmedley's reading and
his experience well fitted blm for this work, sIbo,
In an Order which has already assumed giant pro.
portions, and has now more than a million active mem.
bers, the proper transaction of Its own Immense
buslnens Beomcd to demand the facilities afforded by
he use ot well studied and conveniently arrangod
blank forms, and this want, too, Master Smedley has
ried to I upply In bis copious appendix.
The organization of Pomona Oranges, Just now
authorized by the National Orange, and for which, ai
yet, few State Oranges have made apeclflo arrange,
ments, calls for the preparation of blank forms espe
cially adapted for their use and for Instructions as
to their design, province and powers. Particularly
desirable Is It to make plain their relations to the State
and Subordinate Oranges respectively, and to the
business Interests of the Order, Master Smedley baa
carefully conaldered all these matters, haa discussed
tbem with the other Patrons of experience who might
throw light upon the questions Involved, and baa tried
to meet these pressing wants.
Of oourse the opinions expressed In this book are
not to be regarded as law, except in Iowa, but they
will be most suggestive and Instructive everywhere.
The book Is the only one of Its kind, and will be not
onlymost useful, but quite Indispensable to the Orange
officer, and It will be moat Instructive to every private
member as well. It coutalns nothing of the unwritten
work, however, nothing but what may be left upon
the table or placed upon the shelvesof any gentleman's
library for all the world to read.
The manual will contain from 300 to 310 pagos. It
will be printed on fine, heavy paper, and be neatly and
substantially bound In cloth. The price Is fixed at
1.S5 per single copy, poatage paid, or 11.00 per copy
when sent by freight or express, In packagea of five or
more. Prepaid orders will be booked aud filed In
rotation as received. Geo. William Jones, Publisher,
Des Moloes, Iowa. Address DEWEY k CO.,
Paciria Kdsal Paus Orrice, San Francisco.
Oahfo, Bak Dkoo Co., Oal., July 3d, 187.
Mcsibs. Dkwkv k Co. atntlmm- To-day I received
the patent and other papers ol my animal trap, that you
ko successfully worked through the patent office forme,
for which pleate accept my best wishes. The chances
are that I will have another application for you to
make for me before long. I am well aatlsfled with your
manner of doing business, and I thluk Inventors of
this coast stand In their own light whan they do not
put thtlr business Int j your bands. j
I remain yours truly, A, af. OA83.
-AS!9fv&?i-jMA.L ,'