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II
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6
WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Economy of the Vegetable Kingdom.
Xlnth Lecture Delivered before the University of Cal
Moral College of Agriculture, on Friday, January
39th, by Fsor. 0. K. Biimt.
IFrom the Pacific Rural Press. )
Spurgeworti, Laurels and Olivet.
The topic to-day is, first, tLs Spnrgeworts, the
plant! belonging to the order Fuphorbiaciw.
The order ia to some extent represeuttd bcre,
so that probably yon are somewhat familiar
with its characteristics. It is one of the most
extensive orders we have, numbering fully three
thousand species, distributed in all climates. In
the temperate countries they are herbaceous, in
many cases very small plants growing to a bight
of four or flvo inches. In South and East
Africa they have leafless, succulent Btems, often
rising to the bight of trees, being very much in
shape like the cactus, while in tropical and
South America they beoome very large trfea.
Throughout the whole ordrr there is n continu
ous milkioeis in the juice. This juice is in
many cases exceedingly poisonous, so that we
may put down the order as a poisonous one.
Tho plant of greatest importance is the one
from which we derive our supply of India rub
ber or caoutchouc. It is a large tree, Siphonia
tlastica, growing to a bight of eighty or one
hundred feet; found in Brazil, Guiana and
Central America. It abounds very largely in
the islands found in the Amazon river. You
know the Amazon river spreads out so that a
wide portion of its islands and banks are at
times covered with water. In obtaining the
rubber, the natives begin just after the water
has subsided. They cut into the tree, making
great inoisions into the sides of the stems, and
from these there flows abundance of milky
sap. This is collected in large vessels and
dried. The UBual method is to collect it on
some largo surface and dry it. The natives
found it useful in making all sorts of arti
cles, and so ihey would make moulds for that
Surposo. Suppose they wanted to make a bot
e; they would make a mould representing the
inside of the bottle; they would then dip this
mould in the liquid matorial at intervals, lhu
forming layer after layer, until the desired
tbicknens is obtained; they would then break
the mould and shako it out. Shoes were made
in the same way. Even now, the rubber is
brought to America very largely in shape ol
such things. Its black color is largely due
to hanging in the smoko. If it was carefully
prepared, it would be
Much Lighter Colored.
It is brought here to tho United States, also
to Great Britain, and manufactured in various
forms. 1 he first knowledge Europeans had of
it was obtained at tho time Columbus flast dis
covered the continent. Ho found the natives
used rubber biills, and various utensils of differ
ent kind: but, until 1820, they made very lit
tle use of it but for erasing; from that time it
got the name of India rubbor. Priestly made
the observation thut it won useful, Iu 1820,
India rubber clothing was manufactured from
it. In 1842, it was hardened by vulcanizing it.
Since that, all sorts of mea have been found
for it, indiod there is scarcely an industry,
soarcely an art, but that has very nuch to do
with this vulcanized rubber. Iu your chemi
cal woiks, you find it impossible to get on a
day without this, in its vulcanizod form. Tho
fear is, it will
Become Extinct.
These natives go in there and cut and slash
away at the trees; thoy take no pains to grow
them, so that there is very groat danger of their
being entirely destroyed. Probably the best
way to remedy th'is in to call the attention of
governments to tne Buujrci. ureal untain nas
oen memorialized. Our Government ought
to be also. It could be grown on any of tho
islands lying within the tropics.
The box tree, Jiuxus semperviretis, is a native
of Europe and also of Asia. It grows to the
bight of twenty to thirty feet, and attains a di
ameter of four, fix, tight or ten inches. It
very soldom grows larger than this. Its use is
for manufacturing the finer mathematical in
struments, and iilso bushing and works of the
smallor kinds of machinery, al-to in engravlug,
because of the hardness and fineness of its
wood. In engraving it is very much used, as
it is fitted especially for this. Our supply
oomos almost entirely from the Meditnrranoan
basin and from the region lying in the vicinity
of the Blaok sea,
It Can Be Crown Here
Very readily, con bo'grovtii throughout almost
II parts of the Sontliorn United States. Its
frowlh is alow; however, it should be intro
uoed here. It is tho same thiug as the Engllnh
box.
English box is only the dwarf varioty, and as
this grows very readily being culthntodii.su
border plant -it is probable t tint the tree would
do well hiro. Iu fact, our climate is very much
liko the i-liwato iu which tho true grows. Tho
castor oil plant, ridnui communis. A large,
herbaceous plant, nativo of tho East Iudics,
uui ijiuni. it Miiiiunkiiu ui iuu wanuc-r iiiiuiuui.
grown as far north as 38 to 40 in the United
States; is grown now in portions of Missouri
and also in portions of Illinois, and States
bong southward. From its seed castor oil
used litrcoly in modicitie) is obtained bv
pressure. In Central Europe it is grewn for
loeaing siiK-worms. lue leaves are vary large
and there aro a great many on each plant, so
that a great deal of food is pruvidod in this way
for the worms.
There are a great many other plants belong
ing io IQI8 omor wnicu are oi a good deal ut
Importance, but I have selected sonio of tho
most value. I might havo mentioned tho
avian lijllum of India, from which crolou oil
la obtained.
Afriwu teak is the product of OUtftUlui AfrU
nana, and is a very heavy, hard wood. It is
found that it is best Io use in constructing
teamships, in building up the woodwork near
the Area and near tho boilers. It seems to
stand a
High Degree ol Heat
Without catching fire. Ought to bo more
largely ued. It, however, comes from Afrioa,
so that we probably cannot grow it hero.
The laurel group, Lauracw, i not large
family, numbering only about five hundred
specie. These are mostly evergreeu trees,
and are fouud in the temperate aud tropical
limatt-. Throughout the whole order there
runs a sort of aromatio principle which in some
easea is sufficiently concentrated to become
medicinally valuable.
The order derives its name from the bay tree,
or the laurel tree, as it is sometimes called:
Laurvt nooUi, a uative of Europe. This is the
bay. or the laurel that we read so much about
in literature. It ia a tree about forty or fifty
feet in bight, and baa beautiful leaves.
to some exttnt resembling th leave of
tree here. In olden time these leave were
used to crown heroae now-a-daya they are put
to other use. The testimony run thie way:
They are used for flavoring cnttard and pud
Unge. aad for imparting
fMHkn Flaw to Flit
When packed for shipping. Day rum ia not
froaa that tree, bat fiotn oa allied to it,
Cinaaaaon, Cinmmemttm Jtyfaaiaim, U a
Bive evergreen ire of Ceylon, and la exUa
aJvely mH rated oa that leUad.alae oa the Hal
abar coast, and in Java and Cayenne, for the
.ke of the aromatic bark of itsyoungbrnnches.
It is a shrub tree; that is, it is very much in
clined to send up a great many reed-like little
stems, and they are selected for peeling when
they are about three years old, and one-half
inch to an inch in size. Workmen go along,
inn their knives down the sides of tte-o sterna,
and the whole bark is stripped off. In a day or
two tho epidermis corky and green layers
can be removed, so that only the older or inner
libera or tne bark remain. Tins takes on a
brown color, and is brought to market in the
quill-like form In which it is arranged. In se
lecting, the outer bark is rejected in the true
cinnamon. True cinnamon should bo of a rich
brown color; should be very thin, about as
thick as four or five sheets of paper, not much
thicker than that, and should be exceedingly
fragrant.
Now, allied to this tree from which true cin
namon is obtained, we have two others 0.
aromaticum aud 0. cassia, natives of Ceylon,
from which, as well sb from the older branches
of the species already noticed, cassia bark
may be considered as a kind of inferior cinna
monis obtained. This bark is thicker and
has more of a bitterness and a pungency than
the true cinnamon. Instead of occurring in
long, quill like pieces, it is in the form of thick
chips; as, instead of taking that grest pains
which Ihey do with true cinnamon, they simply
cut and slash away at it in about the fame way
we would take a drawing-knifd and peel off the
bark of an ordinary tree. It is used as a; sub
stitute for, and also to mix with, the true cin
namon. You go to any of the ordinary shoos
and caU for cinnamon, you will find what is
properly called cassia bark in it and some
F laces it is found without any cinnamon at all
have seen many specimens that seemed to be
Nothing out cassia Bark.
Whenever you find cinnamon occurring in
chip-like masses you may be snre it is not true
cinnamon at an, Dut it is really cassia baric.
Taking the British statistics, the amount annu
ally consumed in England is some thirty to
forty tons true cinnamon and about two hun
dred tons of this cassia bark which might be
called false cinnamon. Cassia buds are derived
from the last namod species.
The camphor tree, Camphora offlcinarum, be
longs to tbis order; is a native of China and
Japan and is now grown very much on the is
land of Formosa. The wood is of considerable
value. It is used in the manufacture of trunks,
here in the city of San Francisco. I find that
our manufacturers use it very extensively.
They use it along with the Americana which
tbey import from the Eastern States.
The name of the order is derived from the
olive, Olea Evropta. It is a native probably of
western Asia. Its name would lead one to
t-uppose it was a native of Europe, but that
is not the case. It is, I think, grown to a lim
ited extent in the southern portion of tbis State,
somewhat in the Southern U. S., in the West
India islands, but more extensively in the basin
of the Mediteiranean. From its fruit, which is
a small, blue blarlc, cherry-like fruit, is ob
tained the sweet olive oil. This fruit is gath
er d ripe, subjected to pressure for tbe purpose
of extracting the oil. The wood of the tree is
very hard, of a yellowish white color and is ex
ceedingly durable. It is used in the manufac
ture of small implements and utensils in very
nearly the Bame way that box-wood is used and
can be used for very nearly tbe same purposes.
Manna, found in the shops, is the product of
a species of ash, Fraxinus arms, found in
Souihe.n Europe. Calling for manna at any
of the druggists, you will be shown a very pe
culiar, waxy material which is tbe product of
Fraxinus arnvs. Upon making incisions into
the tree the juice exudes and hardens, produc
ing manna.
The order is of some little importance for its
ornamental representatives. Of these we need
only mention the fringe tree, grown extensively
in Quebec; the lilao and the jessamine. Hav
ing gene over three group", although I have
not nsed up the hour by any means, I perhaps
have given sou material enoueh to work no
for this time.
s. F- Maikit frir.
DOMESTIC PRODUCE.
Biro...
Hotter.
Pea
Pink..
BKUIS.
.
SmM wh. nr .. S
UKUUM CU1UI,
Per I II
COTTOSF.
Cat. 1374 &.... Ua 1
daisy rkuiiCcK.
BCTTKB.
Cal. choice lb.... ZW
Firkin SW
Inferior 2" $
uhceie, Cal II t
Eastern 15
r.ntin.
Tal. fraah 28
DacLa' 23
Eaatara
Oregon........ ..
TBRD.
Bran, nertou.... 15
Rom Meal MOOS
sx
ga
3 17X
W 7Ki
HOC
Down With High Living !
Flgr. 1. The Olive Branch.
chests and other things where the fragrance is
of some importance, and from the wood is also
obtained the.oanipborthatis found in tbe shops.
Tn nrdnr to nhtaln this, the wood is ehormed
up, thrown into water aud subjected to heat;
camphor beiug voiatilo, passes over and is con
denned. It is then brought to this country and
used for medicine. Clothes put into a trunk
of chest made of camphor-wood, are almost
always preservod from moths, as -these insests
seem not to like it.
The California laurel, Ortodaphne Californica,
is our only representative of this order. It is
possible, another representative one a little
shrubby one may be found here. But this is,
I understand, the only one giving value to the
order horo, The wood of this laurel is, as you
know,
Quite Valuable.
I find that it has not been used as much as it
might have been, or as much as it should be.
It is considered sufficiently ornamental in Eng
land to be used in the gardens there quite con
siderably, and there they have introduced it
under a different name, and I have little doubt
but that you will find it before many years
brought back from there and Bold under that
name to our people for a new plant. Of courre
it will do vi ry well. It will do just us well to
use the wild plant, however.
jn tne united states, east oi me nocKy
mountaius, another tree, the Sassafras, (Sassu
fras OlRcinalls), is of some importance, as fur
uisuing a very spioy bark which is supposed to
bo very valuable in medicine; it is used some
what. The last family that I call your attention to,
is the
Olive Family,
Oltactiv, (see fig. 1). It is smaller than the
procediug, numbering but a hundred and fifty
species, Tbey are all trees; or, if they are not
trees, tnty are snruns. we niignt say tney are
trees, or shrubs more or less inclined to be
tree-like, natives of the temperate, northern
hemisphere, and to a limited extent of the
southern. The order is of importance, as fur
nishing us some valuable woods. First or
probably most important is the European avh,
(Yiiii'muj Exclsior). a large tree extensively
planted in Europe. The wood is used wherevor
strength, lightness and hardness are desirable.
Without any question Ibis could be very profit
ably introduced into California. I( would grow
without any doubt, and as we are somewhat
short of wood of that character, it would be
well to see what could be done by way of intro
ducing it. In the eastern United States, Fnu.
hws Amtriixina seema to take its place. It is
there called white aab, and is somewhat related
tu the Europeau one. IU wood is equally
valuable, and it ia largely used for the iutide
of railroad and street oar. For any u-e where
lightness and toughness are necessary, it is
valuable. It ia nsed very larcely in the manu
facture of useful agricultural implements, and
when kept reasonably dry tbe wood ia very
durable also. Thia American specie grow
somewhat larger than the xctlsior, preferring
tbe Men soil lying midway between tne low
land and uplands, aud
Might be Introduced Here with Advantage,
But probably it could not be aa well grown aa
tbe European, ao I would advise the introduc
tion oi the JStctmor ratner man tne .imrneuna.
In some ports of California occur what ia
called Oregon aab, (f. Ortyona). It ia a tree
attaining a diameter of from twelve inches up
wards, found in Oregon and probably the
northern portions of thia State. 1 don't know
whether It grow aa far south aa thia or not.
I have Iter specimens from a email tree of
it, eUo the early form which aeema to have been
taken from a knot or aomelhl&g like that. I
eoald aot lad any of the atrabjtht-gralaed the
be ia the ooUeeiiaa. Talata veryUrgtlyaaed
Tojbe more prosperous on this coast, we
need to live more economically and independ
ently. Our rents are too high; our food costs
too much; our fuel is too dear.
As Californians, we spend a good deal of
money by following early customs rather than
good common sense. By a little more inde
pendence, and a good deal more co-operation
of capital, intelligence and honesty, our people
may acquire cheaper and better living.
We want to talk mora about this subject
hereafter. In the meantime, let our readers
compare a certain class of house rents in Phila
delphia with those of San Francisco, by read
ing the following correspondence to the N. Y.
Tribune:
Let us begin with the cheapest class of dwell
ings. From $6 to $12 a month is the rent of a
complete houte containing everything essential
to the comfort and cleanliness of a small family.
Such houses are built in loog rows, and usually
upon na-row streets running between tbe main
thoroughfares. Each has two rooms on the
ground-floor and a small kitchen in the back ex
tension. Sometimes the street door opens im
mediately into the fioot room; often there is a
narrow wall. Up stairs are two bed-rooms,
and there is a buth-room over tbe kitchen, sup
plied with hot water from the kitchen range.
There is a cellar for fuel and provisions, and a
small back yard. The bouses of this class do
not vary materially in size or interior accommo
dations, and tbe difference io price between the
extreme figures of $6 and $12 depends upon
the situation, whether ceniral or suburban, and
whether upon a regular street or alley. For
$10 may be rented a house of this kind in a re
spectable ntighborbood, not more than twenty
minutes by street-car from the State House, a
point corresponding as a business centre to the
City Hall in New York. These Utile dwellings
are sometimes called "miniature bouses."
They are, of coarse, very small, and the upper
rooms, under their thin sheet-iron roofs, are
uncomfortably hot in summer; but the aid
which they give to the poor to lead healthful,
virtuous lives, will be appreciated if the condi
tion of a family ocoupying one of them is con
trasted with that of a family paying as muoh
for two or three rooms on the third or fourth
floor of a tenement house in New York. One
has a home, humble though it may be, and can
surround itself with the sweet and wholesome
home-influences so important in great cities as
safeguards against the temptations to vice, and
so essential everjwneio to tne proper develop
ment of character. The other has a shelter
from the weather and place in which to eat and
sleep, and that is all.
Ha? 10 (M-418 00
Hlddlima -Kll
Oil cake meal... a JO OH
Straw, V bale... W 'a 67 H
n-i.ornK. I
Extra ;vasn
supernne iweiii
ramii rntrr.
Beeflatqnalitrlb. 1 (4 SH
oeoona ao. .... e kp i
Tnlrddo
Lamb 9
Mutton 6
Pork, undreaaad 6i
do.dreaaed....
Veal
wjKAajl. .a
Barter, coast.. 1 iiHW 1 U
do brewing. (3 1 5u
Buckwheat.... 3 29 Ml
Corn, White... - S I 47;
do, Yellow., 1 45 SlN
OaU.oh'ioe... I 69
do aommon..! 99 ftfl
Rf I 20
Wheat, coait.. 1 40
,. UI.hWHhl . W 1
do hipping'. I 57)l
do milling.. I ;,,
HOPa.
California, 1874.. 30 9 M
Ean'rn. .ch'ca 40 ffl u:
MISCI.kVANK45vS.
Beeswai.perlb.. 29 & 21
Uonet-incomb.. IS to 2S
doStnlned.... 8 6$ 1
Onions 1 20 Si 37!
Pulu 8H1 IO,1
KDTS-JOUB1NO,
A.lm'dsh'rdih'1. 8 (a 10
do,aoft 20 22'
Brazil do II (S IS
Oal. Walnnta.... 10 ra IU
O Peanuts per ID SMS
Chile Walnuts.. 9 (d 10
Cocoannte, 1000.. SO 003 W) 00
filbert 17 04 18
Pecanutu a 17
POTATO KM,
Bodega 1 70 ftl 79
UutTee Oofe Ml 89
H. M. Bay (3
Humboldt 179 91 80
Mission itfi
WHOLUaLI.
WCDIUD1T at., March 34, 187S.
iPleeonlPt I SO el 90
9 Iballnaa 180 Ul 89
IfSwesr. psrewt... g, 4
J&Toroales. 170 tat 75
IK rouintY OAMB.
H Broilera. small.. 4 80 an 00
ao large i iv &o w
DoTea, per dozen as '0
Dneka. tarae.da.9 00 (310 00
(lee.e, per pair 2 90 mm
Hare, per doi...2 50 SJ 00
Hans per dl... .9 00 SS 00
LtTeTnrkerf.bena
pert).., w vy
dogobblers.... w
An rirni.RM(t M fit M
Mallard Ducki.. w
do small tffl
Prairie Chickens 34 00
auall.perdoz.... vi
abMta 179 (42 00
do ume doz .. 10 u) 1M
Rooa tors, young.
large..... 8 90 9 SO
Snipe, Eng doi 2)
Veniaon.perlb.. &s
Wild Oeee,grar a
ao wain m
PsZaVIBIOMM.
uai.Kacun.b'gni le
do Medium ..
do Heavv
Oal.SraokedBeef 9 & 9X
Kastern do o
naet'rn Shonld's
do new hams
H ami, Oal
1o Whlttakera
doDuffleld, ill
do Armi nr....
do Bord'a....
do Stewart's
Lrd
ME ESS.
Alfalfa. Chili.. . 9
do Oalilornia. 1)H
Uanarr UX
uioTcriMa it
do Whits 69
Cotton S
Flaieeed
Hemp 8
itaiiannye au
iw
DEWEY & CO.
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
10) 6
3 10
I
tia a
1 17t,
l fa
l
1 99
1S
9 m
19 m
8
mxS
Millet.
Mnitard. white.
do. Brown....
Perenniado....
Rape
Kjr. Bine Grass..
do 'la quatur.
do 3d analitr..
Sweet VOraaa..
Orcoarauo....
Red Top do...
Hungarian do
Lawn do
Meequtt do...
i-imoiir.
B-AT.T.
DefeotWe. 9
Pair ffradO
Good tooliolce.. 17
Heavr free !'
lii a
'
M
11
60
40
90
79
30
29
8
ill
19
(TOOL, ETC.
lildes.dtr..
do wet aalted
Tallow 6
ao Kennea
KHfi IBS
W4
GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Cleaning Watch Movements.
Among tho different ways of cleaning watch
movements without brushing, whether gilded
or niokel, one o! the must effective is to wah
them carelullv in a weak solution of cyanimit
po'ase.i and rain or river water. The propor
tions may be about V, oz. of oyanuret to 1 pint
of water; aud the effect will be more prompt if
the solution is warmtd comewbat before using.
After washing in the above solution, great care
should be observed to rinse off thoroughly.
After which the pieci s may be dried by press
ing them between folds of soft linen cloth, and
then tisne piper.
Spirits ammouia diluted with ralm water may,
if preferred, be used in place of the cysnuret
B'duliun. And in cases of discolored move
ments, where the gilding is worn off, the dis
coloration inny be removed by dampening with
a solution of oxalic aciii, and then brushing ofi
witb chalk in tne usual way. ur, want is bet
ter, use bone lime iu place of chalk. Tbis may
be prepared by burning a piece of beef rib in
a common fire till thoroughly calcined and then
used in precisely the same way as a lump of
chalk is generally used.
In case of using acid solution as above, all
screws and other fcteel pieces shon'd be removed
before applying tho solution. Walchmaktr and
Jewtltr.
14 iaiu-6
12(5)15
11512
9kall I
a;
. 4H 9
19 (a is
ItU'd) 10
A New Source of Tannin.
Experiments, with satisfactory results, are
reported to have been made with tannin, ab
tained from an entirely new source a plant or
weed,' which glows wild and luxuriantly in
Iowa, and along the upper tributaries generally
of the Mistissipi. The plant msy be cut witb
a mower, and cured like crass. From three to
six tons may be cut to the acre annually. We
are told that one ton of this plant iii yie'd
tannin sufficient to prepare 400 lbs. of leather;
while the ume amount of oak b rk will cur
only about half aa much. The cost of the for
mer, per ton, is less than half the cost of tbe
latter. It i aid that the plant is also a native
of this State. Even if it is not. it is quite oer-
tain that it may be cultivated here, if but a
siuill portion of which is claimed for thia plant
i true, it U a matter of vast importance) to tbe
leather interest. We understand that there is
a party in this Btate who ia authorued to nego
tiate for the sale of right here for it uso it
patented. Thi party is now taking the neeeo
ary step to identify, if possible, tbe plant
growing her with the Iowa plant. We shall
endeavor to learn and publish whatever devel
opment! may be reached iu this direction at
the earliest day practicable.
BAOa
Eng. Stand Wht.. 1) -
Nevillo t Oo
Hand Bened...
ZliM Ilfl2
21136 13 l((14
21X40 ukaitw
Machine do 21x40. )3M
" Z3X4U,
" " 22x10.
" " 22x36,
Floor Sackaia...
" Xs ....
" " X
Hessian 60-in ... ,
do 4Vin
do 4o-in .... I" n 91
wool DoaB,los... oa law
do X". 9iXM
Stand. Oannlea... 14 Mil
single seam do.. 13 13'
Bean Bags 8H K
lianer Baga 24x36. 13 I4
do 23x40. 13 ll
do 24x40. 14 I9
l)atEaB,21x40.,.. 14 n
do 2SxJH.. . 16 (0117
CANNED OOOJJS.
Asat'dPia Frnita
In 2) B cans. 2 (0
do Table do.. 5 W
Jama A Jellies 29
PickleaXgl..
Sardlnes.qr boxl 80
do hi boxea.3 20
CUAl, Jobbing.
Australian, ton 10 90 a,l 90
Oooa Bar I0 Oo
Belllngham Bar. 8 M
Seattle (310 50
Oumberl'd.cks.. Ml 9 uu
do bulk...t6 00ai7 80
Mt. Diablo 6 29 V 90
Lehigh ft!7 OO
Liverpool 10 80 011 90
Weetlisrtler .... -ail W.
Scotch mi tx
Scranton 1J 90
VancouTer'a Isl.,11 00 il 90
(-narcoal.Yttk... 79 W
Ooke,bbl S
COFFKK.
Sandwich liland 3
CentralAmeric'n 19
Costa Ktca per in 21
Guatemala 20 &
Java a
Manilla 20 4
Ground in ca... in
Ohicorv 9 w
FISH.
Pao.Drr Ood.new IH'i
cases 6 (4
doboneless.... 8t
Eastern God lia
Salmoaln bbU..9 00 2,9 90
do S bbls4 90 g9 90
do 2I4boans 82 80
do it cant. .3 90 fail Ul
do ID oana.l 90 Ul 79
Do Col. K. lib.. .9 00 Hi Ml
Pick. Cod, bbla.22 m) m
do S bMsllW if -
Boa . Sm'k'dller'elO (6) 90
Mack l.No.l,,bla9 00 Mil 00
Extra.... 81 On
' In kits.. ..2 00 'dl SO
" Kx mess. 3 00 S3 90
" Uime.Kbs-'a.l3 no
Pio'd Uerr'i.bl.. 3 Oo & 3 90
4&asfe
WHOLESALE.
WlDRESDAT H.. Usjrch 24. 1878.
Kureka 2 ffl 27
Deroe'a Petro'm 26 (ia 21 !
Rarral keroiena (&
ONTO OS 90
Downer Keroaa'e 37K(n 40
Uas Light Oil.... 23 (a) 29
rAifl'iv,
Pore White Lead MH Wi
X
1 X
S M.'t.
GO
2)
20
22
21
ik'i
27
10
-9
".S.
10
8
Assorted size. t. 9 J7XS7 90
ui
- 68 90
- W
- Si 90
I 3931 411
- a 73
M -
W -
Paciflo (line Co
Meat F't No. 1.
Pure
Caitor Oil, No I..
do do No.2 .
uocoanut.
Oils Piagniol.,
do Possel,..,
Palm tb 9
Unaeed. raw.. . 99 1 l'9
do boiled 1 00 $1 10
China nut in oa.. fey 99
Sperm, crude..,. Ml 40
do bleached. 1 90 kills
Coast Whalea... 4 7 Vol 99
Polar, refined.... id 60
Lard.. 1 30 91 39
lloal. refined Pet 40
Olaophine a 2S
Oevoa'aBrtl't... 29 S a
Long laland....
Whiting..
rou. ..... ..
Chalk
Paria White IVi
Ochre S 6
Venetian Red... ZH$
Red Lead 10 &
Litharge 10 r
ling. Vermillion w-i
SICE.
China No. 1. to mi
do 2, do. S!4(p)
japan n
aiam uieaneo... i
Patna Xi
Hawaiian e
Carolina 10
M A T.-T-
Oal. Bay .per ton 10 00I3 00
aouommon.. awkvivw
Tarmen laland. .13 O0aj)4 00
Liverpool fine. ..23 H0a)24 oo
do coarse20 00(a)
8QAP.
(Jaatlle ft 10 13
unmmon oranus.. i
Fancy do ..7
SPICKA.
OloTes?. 90
Oassia 26
Citron 33
Nutmeg. 1 20
Whole Pepper...
Or'nd Allspprdz
UU VU.IKUO.,
do Gloesdo..
do MustArd do
do Ginger do.,
do Pepper do.,
io Mace do . .
KtlOAR.
Oal. Cuba per rt..
Parti' Pro. Cube
bblorloUDbxs
do in 90 B bis..
do in 29 Th hill.
Circle A crushed W Hi
powdered ra) ll"
Finecrushed... (SI 11 u
Uranulated (a! ll
OoldenO 'at 9
Hawaiian 8 fA 10
California Beet. 105(a) US
uai. oj.up in
do
Hawaiian
"... 19 S 30
TEA.
Uotong,Oanton,Ib 19 29
ao Amoy... '1 KB oo
do tormina 10 fa Ail
Imperial Canton 29 a 40
ao 1-nnu.i ia tat mi
do Movnna . fill trtl Ml
uanpo'fler.uam. w
do Pinganej 90
nn Hn.iin.. M
Y'ng Hr.. Canton 21
uo nngsuey 40
do Movnne..
Japan, S cbelta,
uuia
Japan,lacquered
39
9 'A
10
99
27
99
1 13
23 t 29
S 19
1 90
581 90
0120
Si Oil
Si oo
W2I0
ETC
WK9 -
"w
a us
(3) 11.
rnpin Is. (4 67H
Inlfbls. - ffi 70
In kegs.. - W 79
an Molaa-
69
30
bxa,4Hand9Be
48
Japan do.3 B bis 19
do prnDx.f-sD u
do Sail) paper 30
TOBACCO-dabblnir.
nrimii nsTri...
Dark do ....
Dwh f Twist...,
I.ISht Preaaed.,,
Hard do
Oonn. Wrap'r...,
renn. wrapper..
Ohio do ,.
Virsraomok'c..
Fine ot che'.r..l 90
trwo cut cnew-lng,buc'U.aAI..79
Banner nae cut.. V i
RorakaOala
TUKPsUITINE. to
EasUrn 6W446
wow
90 99
4M g 79
70 S, 80
90 (ff 60
39 & 40
20 a 14
19 5 24
ij a
Kt 9 90
. at is
LUMBER.
waouauut.
Wcohuoav at.. March 24, 1879.
CAxeorKicEsor piidit sovkd pink
xeowoob. . r'.?1 tr"fi
' HMHH AMU UHUMflli
f 18 ?0 reucing, 1 auafifj,
. II 00 fencing; J. ...:.",
Rough, V M
Rouga reluaajs M
nougn clear, v aa
U
M
ou
30 00 Flooring and Step. A at ao 00
zu w Flooring, narrow, ft at
, 3290
u.nai !.. L ?l..--'il'
cvM 3190 Flooring, Mauiilt, M..29 W
(wyfllVa ITIUW. f slsl WV4bkall,Mll Tfl . .
AnieaBoro rxUnd in the Dlawa'rivr
if hteea anil, and tha lea all th way ia froaa
tea to Ui feet.hith.
U..b..a., u
Surfaced refuse, (.,
FloonnglTluTr..Y... ,
Flooring nfUM.U
Headed Aoorinc. it al..
Beaded floor, refuse, H,
390
30 00 Furring. lineal ft....
20 l' KBWOOas-Kclsal.
28 00 Rough,)) M tlti
10 Ml Rouih refnse. If II 00
JO 00, Kouih Pickets, M.... Is ou
23 OOiRoagh Pickets, p'd. M., M u
as raacr ncaevs, m as.
Di.mr. M. lauj bidlnz. H
Half Inch. Hgriased.M. 29 00 S.irf.ced and
Half Inch Siding. M..... II ail Faacj Pieksta,
naii-incn aiaiag.rei, B.IIW oiaiug.
Half inch Surf. ref.. at
llairiachBatta na.lt
ncKeia,rougn,ii as
JO 00
1900
Rckela, rough, P'ntd.
cteta. faacr, P'ntd..
hinelM H ....
Bo ugh,
18 001 Beaded .77 37 90
tiao.riooriug UM
.11 ou Uo do refuse. M U9o
il t Hell-Inch eortaoed.jl.. u 9
19 oo'KusU. Ko. I, Vat...., tliw
JMUattasa.
, MJihiagisa
ML
M.
lineal foot...
RETAIL GROCERIES. ETC.
Batur.Oei.ch1o M
dveonsmosi....
OhsM,OaL. ..
Urd.Oal., ft...,
Flour.ex.faaa.bl
uora Meal, ra
Wedumdat m., afarch 34, 1173.
a Teaat Pawdeada.l a mi
uaa outswcs.os as MM
t-H v.naiB at &i .
We
a
ao.lm.M,..: -
in im t .-
4tlaiwfj
-ra eMvtM wai
liilir, -?a-rA'4
a H.H.W1.B
Jt w
"I"
l Stss
?'?
2 u
JIM
En
vm
I tat.
fwpai
MesTAsole.... S II
Dr'4 Ovr.FTUM 13 tl M
Rrd Figs, Oai.. t I !)
Or-d Nlihes.... U
d Preied fjstt
Wine. Old rwrifM It a
da rf,ciamiew Em
OFFICE, 324 SANSOME STREET, B. T.
ATENTS obtained promptly; Caveats filed
expeditiously; Patent reissues taken out;
Assignments made and recorded in legal
form; 'Copies of Patents and Assignments
procured; Examinations of Patents made
here and at Washington; Examinations made
of Assignments recorded in Washington;.
Examinations ordered and reported by Tele
graph; Rejected cases taken up and Patent
obtained; Interferences Prosecuted; Opinions
rendered regarding the validity of Patents
and Assignments; every legitimate branch of
Patent Agency Business promptly and
thoroughly conducted.
Our intimate knowledge of the various in
ventions of this coast, and long practice in
patent business, enable us to abundantly
satisfy our patrons; and our success and
business are constantly increasing.
The shrewdest and most experienced Inventory
are found among our most steadfast friends
and patrons, who fully appreciate our advan
tages in bringing valuable inventions to the.
notice of the public through the columns of
our widely circulated, first-class journals
thereby facilitating their introduction, sale
and popularity.
Foreign Patents.
In addition to American Patents, we secures
with the assistance of co-operative agents,
claims in all foreign countries which grant
Patents, including Great Britain, France,
Belgium, Prussia, Austria, Victoria, Peru,
Russia, Spain, British India, Saxony, British
Columbia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Mexico,
Victoria, Brazil, Bavaria. Holland. Den.
mark, Italy, Portugal, Cuba, Roman States,
Wurtemberg, Mew Zealand, New South.
Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Brazil, New
Grenada, Chile, Argentine Republic, AND
EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
where Patents are obtainable.
No models are required in European coun
tries, but the drawings and specifications
should be prepared with thoroughness, by
able persons who are familiar with the re
quirements and changes of foreign patent
laws agents who are reliable and perma
nently established.
Our schedule prices for obtaining foreign pat
ents, in all cases, will always be as low, and;
in some instances lower, than those of any
other responsible agenoy.
We can and do get foreign patents for inventors
in the Paciflo States from two to six months
(according to the location of the country
800NEB than any other agents.
Home Counsel.
Our long experience in obtaining patents for
Inventors on this Coast has familiarized u
with the character of most of the inventions
already patented; hence we are frequently
able to save ourpatronB the cost of a fruitless
application by pointing them to the same
thing already covered by a patent. We aro
always free to advise applicants of any
knowledge we have of previous applications
which will interfere with their obtaining a
patent.
We invite the acquaintance of all parties con
nected with inventions and patent right busi
ness, believing that the mutual conference of
legitimate business and professional men is
mutual gain. Parties in doubt in regard to
their rights as assignees of patents, or pur
chasers of patented articles, can often receive
advice of importance to them from a short
call at our office.
Remittances of money, made by individual in
ventors to the Government, sometimes mis
carry, and it has repeatedly happened that
applicants have not only lost their money
but their inventions also, from this cause and
conseauent delav. Wa VtnM nnvaaioAa A
sponsible for all fees entrusted to our agenoy.
The principal portion of the patent business of
this coast has been done, and is still being
done, through our agenoy. We are familiar
with, and have full records, of all former
cases, and can more directly judge of the
value and, patentability of inventions discov
ered here than any other agents.
Situated so remote from the seat of government,
delays are even more dangerous to the invent
ors of the Pacific Coast than to applicants ia
the Eastern States. Valuable patents may be
lost by the extra time consumed in transmit
ting specifications from Eastern agencies back
to thia coast for the signature of the inventor.
Confidential.
We take great pains to preserve secreoy in all
confidential matters, and applicants for pat
ents can rest assured that their communi
cations and business transactions will be held
strictly confidential by us. Circulars free.
Engravings.
We have superior artists in our own offioe, and
all facilities for producing fine and satisfac
tory illustrations of inventions and machinery,
for newspaper, book, circular and other
printed illustrations, and are always ready to
assist patrons in bringing their valuable ls
coveries into practical and profitable use.
DEWEY & CO.,
United States and Foreign Patent Agents, pub
lishers Mining and Sciemtiflo Press and the
Pacific Rural Press. 224 Sansome St., S F
The Mining & Scientific Pres
publlshM la Baa Franctico. It has been ccoSS
JH ?fte,,J"oPrtetors for tea Jtm, during which
P"lodiLhiJ',ea "P" enlarged ind oousuSur
Unproved. The active and steadfast efforti antspit
Usher have gained lor IU conduct an amount of BracuT
eat experience greater than any other uollerhav
attmuUted on this coast, ol .weekly foomU.
The sum paid by us for the be editorial talent ob.
Utoebletor our ipecUl cUm JcSlTleiWvtni
tor interntlng news and COTeepondeoci. aadfc?tarla.
In a large-siasd, handsome sheet, I "Anilltd bythaA
ol any other American weekly west oftn. MleaisalpU.
thuJoun1S0i,, -"' " a-JS.
lJ2&thJSi!SZgE' - -
Mnnt8tauTtt,oSdn&, "" ta
Facinc Coast Mechanics, Fniliieen, Isveaton. lfe-
fecturera, IoteetlonU SiLTtUrrcZi
should pro! by it moitntieaaiaad dtimrhrtineV.
VfiW ssaanlsu tmtfm. -m an.TLZf "
OKCX.
BXWST 4 oa.
.M.W
I
If I
i
t
I'M
.-jAag-'ta"t.
,.5s.JCt .1. AAiv,tk.4w,
Jtm tjfld-.
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