Willamette farmer., April 23, 1875, Page 3, Image 3

WILLAMETTE FARMER
hU
&
Qood HbAlTH
Take Good Care of your Servants.
The servants of oar bodies (our most valua
ble servants) are the teeth, the stomach, the
liver, eto. They are all very easily and very
often abused. In fact we abuse them without
being aware of it. The stomach is the subject
of the most abuse of all the bodily organs. We
don't expect the servants of the farm or the
kitchen to work any longer than the number of
hours they agreed to work; bat we abase the
poor stomach by forcing it to work at all hoars
in the day and even in the night, when all
other organs of the body are at rest. One way
of abasing the stomach is to not masticate the
food thoroughly, and then the stomach has to
do the work that the teeth and month Bhould
have done. When food is thoroughly chewed
it is well moistened with saliva. But when it
is bolted with little or no chewing, then the
stomach has to furnish more than its share of
gastrio juice to wash up what shonld have been
done in the mouth. The stomach has more
muscular exercise to perform in the process of
digestion than most people are aware of. It
secretes gastrio jnice from the arterial blood,
which is held in a thousand little glands in the
mucous membra in, and when food is eaten
these glands emit this ga9trio juice into the
onamber of tne stomacn to moisten tne rood,
and at the snme time the muscular coats of the
stomach contract and dilate, and take the food
through a kneading (or churning as some
gists call it) process, to mix it thor-
oueblv with the gastric juice.
This secreting gastric juice and working pro
cess is keDt ud until every particle of food is
thoroughly digested. The time required for
digestion in a neallny person is from one to
three hours according to the character of the
food eaten. When a person eats three times a
day, the stomach has the proper amount of
rest, But nntortunateiy very lew people do
eat but three times a day. Some eat every
time they happen to see food. And the stom
ach will attend to its business as long as it has
the vital power to do so, even if it is imposed
upon. Thus, however, after a person eats be
tween meals the stomach will commence to di
gest and do its work as well as its vital power
win aumu 01.
Some call it seeond nature when they have
acanired an unDhvsloIocical hat it. A nernnn
may live awhile on second nature; but first
nature will come at some time and demand set
tlement, and then second nature will be found
bankrupt. Then what happens ? Why. if the
stomach is burdened with overwork, it is going
to Mil to oo its worn wen, and men some one
of the myriad forms of dyspepsia is sure to fol
low. Then follows a succession of secondary
diseases; and the sufferer will blame tho coun
try, the climate, everybody and everything,
exoept bis own irregular habits. Sour stomach
is one of the most annoying and moot disas
trous forms of dyspepsia. It is one great cause
of so much premature decay of teeth.
Children Ehould be taught regularity in eat
ing from their infancy. It is mistaken kind
ness to feed ohildren everv hour in the dav.
if they happen to ask for food so often; but
most people do it, and the consequence is, that
one half the people are dyspeptics before they
arrive at man and womanhood.
The other side of the picture I have had the
pleasure of seeing a few families who practice
regularity in eating, witn otner pnysiological
reforms (that only a few are interested in), and
the cood health they enjoy is worth a hundred
times the pains required to take care of the
health. Health journals are much cheaper
man acnes ana pains ana doctors Dins. iv. .1
Pickens in Rural Press.
Sleeplessness.
To take a hearty meal just before retiring is.
of conrse, injurious; because it is very likely to
distuib ones rest and produce nightmare.
However, a little food at this time if one i
hungry, is decidedly beneficial. It prevents
tne gnawing oi an empty stomacn, witn its at
tendant restlessness and unpleasant dreams to
say nothing of probable headache, or of ner
vous and other derangements, the next morn
ing. One should no more lie down at night
hungry than he should lie down after a very
fnll dinner, the consequence of either bring
disturbing end harmful. A cracker or two. a
bit of bread and butter, or cuke, a little fruit
sometning to relieve tne sense of vacuity, and
so restoie the tone of the system is all that is
necessary.
We have known persons habitual sufferers
from restlessness at night to experience mate
rial benefit, even though they were not hungry,
by a very light luncheon' before bedtime. In
place of tossing about two or three hours as
formerly, they would soon grow drowsy, fall
asleep and not wake more than once or twice
until sunrise. This mode of treating insomnia
has recently been recommended by several dis
tinguished pbynicians, and the prescription
generally attended with happy results. i'crio
ntr's Magazine.
Poultry Yad-
The Number of Eggs in a Hen.
A curious point of inquiry among zoologists
has been for a long time, bow many eggs are
there in the ovary of a hen? To determine
this, a German naturalist, a short time since,
instituted some careful investigations, the re
sult of which showed the ovary of a hen to
contain about COO embryo eggs. He also
found that some twenty of these are matured
the first year, about 120 during the second
year, 135 during the third, lit during the
fourth, and during the fifth, sixth, seventh and
eighth years, the number decreases by twenty
annually, it consequently follows that after the
fourth, or at most the fifth ears, hens are no
longer profitable as layers, unless it may be in
exceptional instances.
Some interesting experiments were made a
short time since in Germany, to determine the
comparative fecundity of docks and hens that
is, from which of the two the largar number of
eggs can be obtained in the same time. For
this purpose three hens and dncks were elect
ed, all hatched in February and nourished with
suitable food. The following autumn the docks
had laid 225 eggs, while the bens laid none.
In the next February the laying season began
again with the ducks and continued uninter
rupted till August. They showed no inclina
tion to ait, but became very thin, although they
afterwards fa tened np somewhat. The total
number of eggs laid by the hens amounted to
267 or 86 egg each and 992 or 131 each for
thedaeks. Although the eggs of the ducks
were rather smaller than thoa of the hens,
yet ttey proved to be decidedly superior in
aCritiva Material, so thai the earxriority la
productiveness was decidedly with the ducks.
In regard to the means or possibility of de
ciding the sex of eggs, much difference of
opinion exists. Bnt M. Qenin, in a communi
cation to the French Aoademy of Sciences, says
on this subject that he 1b now able, after hav
ing investigated the subject carefully for sev
eral years, to state that all eggs containing the
germ of males have wrinkles on their smaller
end, while female eggs are smooth at the ex
tremity. Rural New Yorker.
Good Prices for Improved Poultry.
There is a constant and rapidly increasing de
mand for improved poultry, insuting remuner
ative returns to those who engage in the busi
ness with proper care; and I am convinced
that two years hence, on this coast, single
birds will be sold at prices which to-day would
be considered extravagant for a trio. In Eng
land and in the Eastern States single cocks
have been bought at from one to threo hundred
dollars.
The business is in its infancy in California;
we have not as yet (1875) had a single poultry
show; and, though some unscrupulous sales of
interior oirds nave disgusted tne purcnasers
with fancy poultry, the demand is constantly
increasing. With a small part of the money
invested, and with one-firth tho care and
trouble and expense demanded by any four
footed animal on the farm, poultry will pay
ten times as much profit. The time is rapidly
approaching when a fat fowl will be sold by the
pound at a far higher rate than a poor one;
when a plump Brahma of 10 pounds will be
worth in the market (20 o. per lb.) $2. while a
scrawny three-pound dunghill will will be dull
of sale at (15 o. per pound) 45 cmls.
Even st our country stores they command
better prioes. A farmer shipped through J. A.
McClelland & Co., grocers, Napa, some half
grown fowls, part Brahma only, between four
and five months old, which sold for $9 per doz
en, and I obtain for all my half breeds at least
16o. per pound, or an average of $1 each.
Eyre.
TrjB DlrY-
Points in Butter-Making.
At the recent meeting of the Vermont Dairy
men's Association there was an interesting dis
cussion concerning several points in butter
making, reported by the Utica Herald, as fol
lows: Mr. Arnold was asked how he would build a
milk room for a farm dairy. He replied that
where the milk was usually all right and con
ditions.favorable he would need only a cheap,
light room, with donbte walls to enable him to
control the temperature. As for setting, he
preferred large pans, large enough to hold a
whole milking. It is time to skim when the
finger can be drawn through the top without
having the cream close behind it, When cream
will do this it is about ripe enough to churn.
When cream foams in the churn it may be
cured by warming. Cream should not be
charned as soon as taken from the milk. It
should be stirred together and allowed to ripen
all alike. This will occur in twelve hours rr
so. But cream should not stand until whey is
formed in the cream jar.
Freezing does not materially hurt sweet
cream. In old cream the result is an oiliness
to the butter. In thawing out frozen cream
beat veiy gradually. It does not hurt cream
to freeze for weeks, but it must not freeze and
thaw and freeze again, for this is harmful.
Sometimes, however, a mere freezing will ac
complish decomposition of the cream. Pre
serving the grain of the butter consists in keep
ing whole the structure whiou is formed by the
coming together of the minute particles in
which the butter comes. When butter is ex
amined with a glahs it appears crumbly if the
grain is perfect. It has almost a granular ap
pearance. Brine fob Preseetino Butter. The Dutch
ess Farmer soys: To three gallons of brire
Btrong enough to bear an egg, add a quar.er of
a pound of nice white sugar ami one table
spoonful of saltpeter. Boil the brine, and
when it 18 cold strain carefully. Make our
butter into rolls, and wrap each roll separately
in a clean white muslin cloth, tying up with a
string. Pack a large jar fall, weight the bntter
duwn, and pour over the brine until all is sub
merged. This will keep really good buttr
perfectly sweet and fresh for a whole year. Be
careful to not put upon ice butter that you
wish to keep for any length of time. In sum
mer, when the heat will not admit of butter
being made into rolls, pack closely in small
jars and using the same brine, allow it to
cover the butter to the depth of at least four
inches. This excludes the air and answers
very nearly as well as the first method sug
gested. A Cube fob Sockiho Cows. Occasionally
one has to bear the vexation of postering a
cow that has acquired, and persists in, the
profitless habit of sucking herself. A neighbor
suggested a most simple contrivance, and pent
me a pattern to make one by. It consists of u
piece of oak board about four inches deep by
eight long, and half an inch thick. The open
ing between points in its side is about half an
inch wide, according to the animal's no-e,
from which it hangs when in use. It requires
a little ingenuity to attach it to the nose, but if
properly made, it will remain suspended until
taken off, unless it sccidently gets broken. The
opening must not be made too wide. A cow
soon learns to accommodate herse f to it, and
it is no detriment to her when grazing. She
pushes it before her swims it, as it were,
along the grass. My cow woo effectually cured
by this nose board, and I can with confidence
recommend it in all instances where a cow
practices sucking her own milk, Ex.
Sowed Cobn fob Milch Cows, Recently
during a visit in the western part of N-w York,
a farmer who sent bis milk to a cheese ftctory,
was complaining of the shrinkage of milk and
shortness of feed. He had plenty of sowed
corn. "Why don't you feed it to your cows?" I
asked. " Because if I do the factory will not
receive my milk." "Why not?" "O, I don't
know; they have such a rule and obligate every
farmer sending milk to the factory not to feed
sowed corn." Now, I should like some of the
Rural ytv-Yorkxr readers to give a good rea
son for this action on the part of the cheese
factory, if they can. If sowed corn Injures
milk for chcaae manufacture, it is time it wis
generally known. If. S. O., in Rural Sew
Yorkr. Costlt Chabitt. Borne idea of the prepar
ations for a recent Charity Ball may be gained
from the following little paragraph from the
New York correspondence of the Chicago Trio-
urvt, viz: It is said that the aggregate cost
exclusive of jewel of the dreaaea to be worn
by the ladles of a certain household (four in
number) to the Charity Ball U $12,600 while
their tickau cost $20. Ob, Charity! Waatsx
rriTagsnrt la coaajsJiUd in thy name I
ffllSCELLAEOdS,
Co-operation in Building New Homes.
From Ptclflo Rural Preu.
The Pacific coast offers rich inducement for
immigrants single handed who have little cap
ital and a great deal of fortitude. It has room
for whole colonies even in its very nooks and
corners. Which are the best localities can only
be decided by those who thoroughly know
the wants of the immigrants and will examine
the situations offering. The following article
has many hints and much encouragement for
those who feel an interest in the welfare of our
goodly land and its advancing minds and
hands.
Vineland as an Example.
Often have I been reminded of the days when
Mr. Landis' circulars about Vineland began to
inspire the homeless with the hope of a home.
Mr. Greeley's advice to thousands of honest
and capable young couples in the Eastern
cities and their suburbs, to "go West," was
apparently as neir to their practical needs as
if he had said, "Be virtuous, and you will be
happy," to a starving mant Unused to farm
ing, dismsyed at the cost of emigration, of tools
and stock at the immensity of the labor and
risk, and perhaps dreading most of all the iso
lation of detached farming communities, Mr.
Greeley's recipe never produced any percept
ible effect upon the over-crowded population
of ci tie i.
Weweie half-yearly residents of Philadel
phia for come years about the time when Mr.
Charles K. Landis fixed his eye upon "the
Barrens" as a place of profitable investment;
and we occasionally dropped down to Cape
May for a week of refreshment from the sum
mer's heat. Only a sagacious mind would
have pitched npon such a region as the New
Jersey barrens for the Bite of the most pros
perous community, all things considered, in
the United States.
It was a lolling sand prairie, so light and
thin that without summer rains it would have
been blown away centuries ago. Small Bcrub
pines and oaks covered it, very little of it had
ever been cultivated, from its un pastured wastes
only checkerberries and bunches of trailing
a-butus came into Philadelphia market in early
spring. Now, California lUelf cannot outvie
in size and quality the fruit shows from Vine
land to be seen daily on Market street, the lus
cious strawberries, peaches, melons the fresh
vegetables. We must look to our laurels when
we compete with their canned fruits in the
Centennial Expo-ition.
When Mr. Landis bought his 16,000 acres
of the railroad company and set himself to lay
ing out a town, the Chester county farmers
laughed in their sleeves. The place could be
abundantly watered it was true; but "alt the
manure in the State of Pennsylvania" was ap
parently necessury to ensuie its productive
ness. There was much speculation as to
whether it was not merely a dodge of the rail
road to raise money ou worthless land, from
people whose eye teeth had never been cot.
Tne site of the town was central on the
track, 34 miles from Philadelphia, and was
laid out in lots of from one to four acres. Out
side the limits it was divided into plats of from
ten to fifty acres, according to tne distance.
What Mr. Landis gave for bis purchase I do
dot recollect; but for years he never raised on
his original price $25 per acre. He gave
credit for two-thirds of the purchase money
obtained a "no fence law" for the entire do
main made a few excellent roads, and settlers
began to appear. The terms of the sale in
cluded an agreement to pnt up a dwelling
house within a year, at a certain distance from
the street; plant shade trees on the borders,
clear and put in tillage a certain proportion,
and the keeping of a strip of roadside neaily
luid down to grass. Tne s'.reets were thus
made boulevards from the beginning, to which
each year will give additional beauty. The-e
street improvements were to be perpetually
maintained, if neglected by individuals, at the
cobt of the propei ty owners; only live fences
were used. Speculation in uncultivated lands,
which has beeu tie bane of other settlements,
never has occurred in Vineland, the advance iu
value invariably being upon the improvements
rf actual settlers, whether permauent or other
wise. Four cardinal principles were subscribed
tj by every lurchuser, which Mr. Landis had
liid down for bis own guidance.
1. No land to be aild to speculators, but to
persons agreeing to improve in a certain time
tnd wuy.
2. No fences to be required.
3. The public sale of intoxicating drinks
should be prohibited, by an annual vote of the
people.
4. me maintenance oi me Dest Bcnoois.
In a speech before the legislature of New
Jersey last year, Mr. Landis bays his temper
ance regulation was made, not from pliilun
tbropy. "but simp y from the conviction of its
importance to the success of the colony. I was
not a temperance man myself," be says, "in
the total abstinence sense of the term. In con
versation with the settlers I never treated the
subject of liquor-selling sb a moral question
probably not one-tenth of the voters of Vine
land are total abstinence men. The law has
bten praot'cally in operation since 1801,
though the Vineland local option law did not
pass till '63. The vote has always stood against
license by an overwhelming majority, there be
ing generally from two to nine votes in favor of
1 quor selling."
In twelve years there was a population of
11,000, mostly from New England. Fourteen
thousand, and witbin the last ear 23,000 acres
have been added to the original tract. This
colony was started just at the commencement
of the civil war, and has paid f 60,000 of the
debt, besides sending its quota to the field. It
has built 178 miles of excellent roads, 20
school-bouses, 10 churches, poat-offloes, 15
manufacturing establishments; beridts shops
and stores, snoh as would ba required by a sim
ilar population elsewhere. In the importance
of its agricultural productions Landis township
ratiks the fourth in New Jersey, There are
seventeen miles of railway on the tract and six
stations.
If any one would know whether temperance
and education are sufficient safeguards against
ciime let him read the statistics of the police
and poor expenses of this settlement for the
last six years;
Polios bptasM. Poor Xxjmoms.
1MT W 17 MOD
IMS to ISftS su
isss ti isea 4
lsio is Jo tea
1ST! W I'll 400
un OS 1ST MO
The sheriff of Vineland says the poor tax in
the towasbip amounts to five cent per annum
for taeb inhabitant, the polios expenses to
half a oerUl Think of this, good friends at
Losapoe. Cestintlia, and other colonies) to
which Ik lid of bMsigratioB will oenWr;
think of it aa yo are planting you orshatds
and as your houses go up think of it and real
ize how much better end easier it is to create a
model town than to reform one. You know
how the women will vote in this matter without
tie trouble of counting.
In the forming of new colonies the lost
should be first in respect to results, for it can
avoid the mistakes and profit by the experi
ences of the rest. A diversity of employments
snouid De aimed at in tne community aua lor
the individual; not for regular burioess per-
naps, bnt to multiply resourcesln case of need.
This brings nut and utilizes all the faculty of
tne community.
It would be a delightful Indication of the
nearness of the millenium if instead of half a
dozen struggling churches there could be one
"Society of Christian Worshippers," wil ing to
work and pray together, uutil their growth
compelled them to divide and colonize.
Then the town ha'll What a sweet, whole
some, instructive place that shonld be 1 Like the
town hall of Concord. Mass.. pride of Mr. Emer
son, the Parnassus of the country folk there
abouts, with Its public library, its museum, its
fine social assembly and lecture room.
Let the people live in shanties and worship
In tents a) long as they must, until their pub
lio and private abod s can be made fit for the
brave men and good women who will make of
each new colony the polished corner-stone of a
new commonwealth. Jeanne 0. Cabb.
Coal as a Raw Material.
Professor Wm. H. Brewer, who was former
ly connected with the California State Geo
logical Survey, and now Professor of Agricul
tare at Yale College, delivered a very interest
ing lecture at the State University on Friday,
tho 12th ull., on " Coal as a Baw Material."
We regret that our space prevents our giving
more than a brief synopsis of the lecture.
Piofessor Brewer is well known on this coast
from his connection with the Geological Sur
vey, and scientific matters generally.
Eleven years ago, the lecturer stated, ho had
delivered a course of lectures to the old Col
lege of Calitornia. He had not finished the
subject on that occasion, so ho would now
parity complete the course, and also give some
of the discoveries that had been made since
that time. As the title of the lecture indicated,
coal was to be discussed, not with regard to its
common use as a fuel, but as a raw material
oat of which other substances can bo made.
The Sun the Fountain-Head of Force.
It is now a well recognized fact that coal 1b
of vegetable origin, made perhaps of swampy
material, or of vast forests. It occurs in exten
sive strata, sandwiched in as it were between
other kinds of rock, end not in veins, as silver,
oopper, and many other metallic ores are found.
Itu use as a fuel, although comparatively re
cent, has become so general that it need only
berefeired to. But, besides its use -for this
purpose.an immense number of substances are
made from coal, many of whiou are worth
more than their weight in gold. It is inte:est
log to follow out ihe theory of the conservation
of force in coal. This theory is, as its name
indicates, that force is never destroyed, being
simply changed from one kind of force to anoth
er. According to this idea the sun is the foun
tain head of all force on this earth. So that
when coal is burned we are merely receiving
the heat and light shed by the sun on vegeta
tion in bygone geological eras. All forccB used
on this earth are derived from the sun, direct
ly or indirectly, except the foroe of the tides,
which has been utilized to some extent. In
this State there is another variety of force not
dependent on the sun, which may at somo fu
ture date be rendered available, but which as
yet is rather unmanageible earthquakes. The
lorce derived from the sun, througn the instru
mentality of coal, may be better appreciated
when it is stated that it has been estimated that
steam, at the present day, does the work of a
thousand million men.
Coal consists principally of carbon, with
which is united kydrogen and oxygen, together
with some earthy matter, and is divided ac
cording to the amount of volatile matter con
tained, into anthraoito and bituminous or soli
coal. The former is ueed for fuel only, and
the differences between the two are similar to
those between charcoal and wood charcoal,
like anthracite, burniug with little blaze but in
tense heat.
Substances Made from Coal.
But the lecture is not to deal so muoh with
the uses of coal for heating purposes as its
uses for the manufacture of other valuable sub
stances. These substances, although made
from the coal, are not necessarily in it, as soda,
which is not found in appreciable amounts in
sea-water, is nevertheless made from the salt
contained. So grapes contain juice from which
brand) can be mode; from the brandy, vinegar;
from the viuegar in connection with lead, sugar
of lead, and so on.
It is impossible to go into much detail with
regard to tne innumerable products resulting
from coal. So only a few can be considered.
L-aving out the use of coal for oriamentnl pur
poses in the form of jet, the principal products
are the results of tho distillu ion of the coal.
This distillation oocnrs in the gas works
where the coal is heated in large iron retorts,
and is separated into three parts, a solid part
remaining in the retort as ooke; a goseouBpart,
purified iy passing through water, and other
chemical substances, and delivered to the con
sumer finally, as common Illuminating gas;
and lastly, a liquid part; condensed in tne wa
ter. Coke Is not the least important of the
products. It has a muoh greater beating power
than bituminous coal, and in some parts of
Pennsylvania It is made for smeltfng iron. As
coke Is used for galvanio batteries, it assists in
carrying news around this world on the tele
graph. As for gas, its uses ore too well known
to need mentioning.
Profit on Gas.
The cheapness of gas, considering only the
cost of the necessary coal, is rather astonish
ing to one who has never thought upon the
subject. .A few years ago the leoturer hsd oc
casion to make soma inquiries regarding the
cost of gas in the Eastern States, and he found
that In one large city, deducting the value of
the coke, coal-tar, eto., from the cost of the
coal, the gas oost but five cents per thousand
feet, and it was sold in the same town for
three dollars per thousand, though of course
this was not all profit.
Coal Tar.
This substance, black, dirty, with a disagree
able odor, woold seem to be the last substance
in the world from which anything of value
could be obtained. But by the researches of
the modern chemists this disagreeable sub
stance has been used in the production of com
pounds of great value, and approaching the
rainbow la brilliancy. Coal tar is sometimes
used as such, for painting fences, railroad ties,
etc., on account of its preservative properties,
but commonly on of its products, carbolic
add, is nsed for this purpose. Ammonium
salts are also mad fiom ibis same substance in
many plsoea, and used either a manures or for
manufacturiag ammonia. The results of the
distillation of coal tar, left in the retort, Is
called asphaltuso, differing considerably from
what is known by tba same aasaa in Calif onus,
bat being used (or similar purposes.
There are many oils resulting from ihe dis
tillation of coal tar, some of the light ones be
ing used to produce loer.l insensibility to pain,
such as the freezing of the gum to which the
dentist resorts. One of these light oils, benzol,
exhibits in a remarkable degree the number
and values of the coal tar produo'lons. Fifty
years ago, in 1825, Faraday discovered, while
experimenting on coal tor, the substance now
known as benzol. Twenty years after a Fr.nch
chemist found that when benzol was tr ated
with nittio acid, a subtaneo called nitro-benzol
resulted, having the odor of bitter almonds,
and now used for giving almond soap its odor.
About the same time, a Dutch chemist discov
ered a beautiful blue color, while experiment
ing on indigo, and shortly after a blue solution
was obtalued, in alcohol, from nitrj-benzol.
It was soon proved that the two blue colors
were of exactly the same constitution, and they
were called analine. They were regatdtd as
curiosities, but no practical use was made of
them, as there were many kinds of blue dyes,
and much cheaper than analine. But an
English chetnUt, Porkins, while searching for
a cheap method of preparing quiuine from
nitro-benzol. obtained a beautiful alcoholio so
lution, of a mauve color. This was found to be
such an effective dye that numerous experi
ments were made on this substance, and the
result Is the production of considerably over
three hundred dyes of different colors. The
intnnnitv nf thnsn lives la most astonlshins. A
piece of some of them, tho size of a pea, im
parls a very perception color to a nogsneaa ui
alcohol.
Mauy have thought that practical discoveries
could only be made by practical men, but the
discovery of the analiue dyes shows how far
this is from being correct, as they were found
by men wotking in the pure science.
The Black Hills.
The " Black Hills excitement" instead of
being on the wane seems to be on the increase
at present, end parties are talking of going there
from every direction. Wo notice advertise
ments in the San Francisco dally papers, by
which It seems an expedition is being formed
here, and similar expeditions ere being organ
ised elsewhere. Beports from the Black Hill
country are however very contradictory and
unsatisfactory, but this only seems to excite tho
nomadic miners still more.
Some men have come into Cheyenne bring
ing rioh specimens of placer gold, silver quartz
and plumbago, lead and oopper, and glowing re
ports of the country. Thoy report diggings
worth 15 cents to $1 per pan, plenty of water,
game, timber, etc. These men propose return
ing to the hills about the middle of April as
we 1 as the company from hero.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Govern
ment Iub prohibited minors from entering the
reservation there is no doubt that there will
be a big rush there this spring. The following
is General SLerman's order to Gtnoral Ord:
Ihe President directs the following to be
made public: All expeditious into that portion
of Indian teirllory known sb the Black Hills
country, must ba prevented eo long as the pre
sent treaty exists. Efforts are now being made
to arrange for the extinguishment of tho Indian
title, and all proper means will be made to ao
couiplith that end. If, however, the steps
which are to be taken toward the opening of
the Gouutry to settlement fail, tbote persons at
present iihiu that Territory must be expelled.
By command of General Sherman.
Wm. D. WmrPLE, Asst. Adj't.Goneral.
It is now stated, however, that tbeSiouxsnre
willing to relinquish their claims to tho coun
try for a consideration because they know that
the whites will eventually get in thero anyhow,
and the Indians want to make a treaty with the
Government before this happens. The Sioux
City Journal of March 20th, Btates it hns re
ceived information that President Grant has
taken decided steps looking to a speedy open
ing of tho Black Hills; that tho Secretary of
War and other members of the Cabinet are
heartily in sympathy with tho movement; that
the Indians are willing to dispose of their in
terest in that country, and that Mr. Collins, of
Galena, Ills., an old frlond of tho Prorident,
has been commissioned by him to proceed West
mid take to Washington a number of represent
ative Sioux, to en ty out tho dtsirod nt-gotia-tioLB.
'Ibis 1ms not been maio puLllo, thongh
some allusion to the mutter has be. n tolegrnphed
so tho factn will (soon bo developed, and it is
thought that by the time the compmies now
organizing uro ready to start, tho oj position of
the Uovcrnmi ut will bo removed.
It is also suited that Secretary Delano has
takrn stein to bring to Washington a delegation
of the Sloaxs for the purpose of negotiating the
extinguishment of their right to the Bl ick Hills
country. Another report in that ih treaty of
the United States with the Slonx Indians was
never ratified by Congress, and would not stand
if tested. It strlkoB us however, that, If this Is
so, and the present were insisted on, it would
carry on an ludiau war with good reason.
Tho opinion expressed by many, with rela
tion to too whole Black Hill business, is that
it is fohtsred i.iid Increased by patties interested
in outfitting minors, and carrying on freight
and other busimss. Itoportsnro so very con
tradictory and vague thai it is difficult to judge
which am truo. It will of course bo settled this
spring, however, for somo will eurely go.
'lhose miners who bave now paying claims will
be foolish to leave them to go on a "wild goose
chase" to tho Black Hills or any other new
country. Still, we do not believe that the Go
vernment will bo able to keep prospectors out
with its whole army. They have been in there
ah eady In spite of all orders to tho conlrary,
and if they become convinced that the gold is
there, all the proclamations in the world will
not keep them out.
Some Hints About Screws.
Where screws are driven into soft wood and
subjected to considerable strain they are very
likely to work loose; and It is often difficult to
make them hold. In such cases we have al
ways found the use of glue profitable. Pre
pare tne giae tuicu; immerse a buck, aoout
half the size of the screw and put it into the
hole; then immerse the screw, snd drive It
home as quickly as possible. When there is
an article of furniture to be hastily repaired.
ard no glue is to be had handily, insert the
stiek, fill the rest of the cavity with pulverised
resin, then beat the screw sufficient lo melt the
resin as It is driven in. Chairs, tables, loun
ges, eto., sue continually getting out oi order
in every bouse; and the proper time to repair
them is when first noticed. If negls't-d the
matter grows still worse, and finally results in
lying by the article of furniture aa worthless.
Where torewa are driven into wood for tem
porary purposes tbey can be removed muoh
easier by dipping them in oil before inserting.
When buying screws notloe what you are get
ting; for there are poor as well as goood kinds.
Be that the heads are sound and wall out; that
there are no flaws in the body or thread part,
and that tbey have gimlet points. A serew of
good make will drive Into oak as easy as others
into pine, and will endure haying twios the
fore brought against H. Canadian Buildtr
Ki..iMfeie,jif-NtUivSJ