Willamette farmer., March 05, 1875, Page 3, Image 3

WILLAMETTE FARMER
Qood HBV-TH-
Treatment of Diptheria.
The following rules for the prevention or
extirpation of diptberia form the concluding
sentences of n report submitted recently by
Dr. Stephen Smth. of the U. S. Board of
Health.
Precautions The Dwelling or Apartment.
Cleanliness in and around the dwelling, and
pnre air in tiring and sleeping rooms, are of
the utmost .importance wherever any conta
gious disease is prevailing, as cleanliness tends
both to prevent and mitigate it. Every kind
and source of filth around and in the house
should be thoroughly removed; cellars ad fool
areas should be cleaned and disinfected; drains
should be putin perfect repair; dirty walls ami
ceilings should be lime-washed; and every oc
cupied room should be thoroughly ventilated.
Apartments which have been occupied by per
sons sick with diptheria should be cleansed
with disinfectants, ceilingB lime-washed and
woodwork painted, the carpets, bedclothes up
holstered furniture, exposed many days to fr sb
air and sunlight. All articles which may be
boiled or subjected to high degrees of heat
should be thus disinfected. Such rooms Bhould
be exposed to currents of fresh air for at least
one week before re-occupied.
Well Children.
'When diptheria is prevailing, no child should
be allowed to kiss strange children, nor those
suffering from sore throat (the disgusting cus
tom of compelling children to kiss every visitor
is a well contrived method of propagating
other grave diseases than diptheria) nor should
it sleep with or be confined to rooms occupied
by, or use articles (as toys taken in the mouth',
bandkerchies, etc.) belonging to children hav
ing sore throat, croup or catarrh. If the
weather is cold the child should be warmly clad
with flannels.
When Diplheria is In the Family.
The well children should be scrupulously
iept apart from the sick, in dry and well aired
xponis, and eyery possible source.of infeetion,
throuch the air. bv personal contact with the
sick and by articles used about tbem in their
rooms, should be rieidlv guarded. Every at
tack of sore throat, croup, or catarrh, should
be at once attended to. The feeble should have
invigorating food and treatment. .
Sick Children.
The sick should be rigidly isolated in well
aired (the air being entirely changed at least
bonrly) unlighted rooms the outflow of air be
ing, as far as possible, through the external
windows by depressing the upper and elevat
ing the lower sash, or a chimney heated by a
fire in an open fireplace; all discharges from the
month and nose should be received into vessels
containing disinfectants, as solutions of car
bolic acid or sulphate of zinc, or upon cloths
which are immediately burned, or if not burned,
thoronchly boiled or placed nnder a disinfect
ing fluid.
Wnv. Amebican Women abe Unhealthy. If
we trace the history of New England bick a
few generations, we And a stalwart race of
mothers and grandmothers ; and even now
there are specimens of these, healthy, active,
happy, of ages varying from three-score-and-ten
to one hundred years; and if we trace the
history of American women from the landing
of the Pilgrims to the advent of Dr. Clirke's
book, we shall find the degeneracy exactly cor
responding with the increase of sedentary hab
its, fashionable dress, gormandizing on indi
gestible food and condiments, forced and pre
carious development, sensational literature,
and dosing and drugging for the multitudinous
ailments consequent on a mode of life which
has bo little of nature and so much of the preter
natural about it. Until the children and young
women of America return to the more normal
ways of their ancestors, they will go down,
down, in the scale of vitality, with, or without
co-education, or school education of any kind.
Co-education is one of the measures that will
oxeroise a saving influence; but alone it will
not arrest the deteriatory tendency. This re
quires a thorough indoctrinating into the laws
of hygiene and their strict application to prac
tical life. In this, aud in this only, is the
hope, not only of American women, but of
American men, and, indeed, of the human
Tace. Phrenological journal.
Watered Butter. In the course of some
investigations made by Professors Angell and
Hehner, England, rfut of analyses of fifteen
samples of butter which were determined by
them, twelve of the samples, which were un
doubtedly good butter, contained 6 to 13 per
cent, of water; the astonishing quantity of
42.3 per cent, was found in one sample from
London, or an excess of about 32 per cent, ot
water, for which Londoners pay from 32 to
18 cents per ponnd. Another butter from the
same place had 24 per cent., these high ratios
being due to the fact that the butter had been
treated with milk. On the other hand,
simple purchased in Ventnor was found to con
tain und- r 4 per cent, of water, and according
to the authors it contained 50 per cent, of for
eign fat. The authors also found that genuine
bntter spread out on sheets of paper and ex
posed for a week to the air in the laboratory
became, so far as the senses could Jadge, indis
tinguishable (mm tallow.
Beak PonniDQE. Parboil the beans as if
for baking; drain and pat them in the liquor.
This needs the salt earlier than the soup, and
no flavor save the beans. Boil until the wans
become broken and tender, aud then add
hulled corn, or Indian meal, or both. Stir in
the meal carefully, not to lump, or get too
thick. When it is well cooked and seasoned
properly, take a large spoon, and stir thor
oughly together. You will have a luscious
dish, and "better when nine days old," says
tbe proverb.
A slice of a nice piece of pork is a relish in
either of the above dishes, for the suet should
be kept for shortening, as there is usually
enough left in the bines for the soups. I
never knew an edge-bone to cost more than ten
cents, often only six oents per pound. Two or
three good meals and pies can be obtained
from one. The coming winter some one may
like to try it.
Making Coffee. A correspondent gives this
receipt for coffee: Use about one tablespoonful
for each pe.son, and one egg mixed with it.
Place this in a coffee-pot, pat in a little cold
water, and then the desired amount of boiling
water;' place upon tbe stove and let it come to
a boil. If no egg is used, it should never boil
over a minute. If an egg is used, it may boil
two minutes, when it will be ready for use.
The coffee-pot should be as close as possible,
so as to retain the flavor. The object of using
a little cold water is to give a little time for hot
water to extract its virtues before it boils.
Stock BrDEts.
Royal Fruit Cake. -Five caps of flour, five
eggs, one and one-half cups of sugar, one cup
if molasses, one and one-half cups of butter.
one teaspoonful of saleratus, one-half a cup of
mux, two pouuas ui ouuppeu raisius, luioo
nounds of currants, one and one-half pounds
of citron, two tablespoonfuls of cinnamon, ono
nutmeg, two teaspoonfuls of cloves. This is a
splendid receipt. I have some cake now that
I made a year ago, and it is nicer now than
when first baked. The Household.
How to Determine Fineness of Bone.
This fineness of bone reveals itself to the
practised eye in several ways:
1. The legs will be small below the knees
and the hock joints.
2. The tail will be tapering and very slender
below the rump.
3. The head will be small, the muzzle fine,
the horns delicate.
I. The whole body will be smooth, round,
and flowing in outline.
I may add these points are of great signifi
cance, especially as the fineness they indicate
bears company with a proclivity for the speedy
accumulation of fat. It is only by patiently
comparing many coarse-boned cattle with finer
ones, or by oomparing with each other cattle
having varying degrees of fineness, that the
feeder, at least, acquires a quick eye and an
accurate judgment in these particulars.
Other Points In Harmony with Fine Bone.
With this fineness of bone and fullness of
excellent flesh, we want a few other points each
of which usually attends and indioates a pro
pensity to fatten. For example the neck
should be delicate at the throat, but broad at the
base, tapering rapidly to meet a small head on
the one hand, and growing deep and wide to
join a well developed cheBt on the other.
That portion of the breast called tbe brisket
also evinces by its breadth and depth superior
capacity in feeding. An unusual develop
ment of this interesting appendage is regarded
by experienced breeders as a proof that the an
imal possessing it can easily reach and main
tain a high condition. It should be broad, full
and deep, bnt not baggy. The enormous size
which brisket attains in some of the Short
horns, is by reason of its significance.
Next, the eye of the genuine feeder is large,
fall, somewhat prominent, well opened. It is
clear and bright but not glossy mild and
piaoia ratner man restless, ssuon an eye gives
evidences of the quiet disposition which helps
tne animal to tuitni its destiny, a small, dull,
sunken, ball-opened eye Is a serious defect.
Such breadth of forehead also as may mani
fest a good-sized brain is a point not without
its value. Note further that length of limb in
the bovine family is generally connected with
lanknesB of body. The cattle of tbe South that
wander perpetually to feed on the scanty grass
are long-legged and light-bodied the very op
posite of good feeders. Short limbs are there-
tore desirable (or our model lowa steer, and if
in addition they give support to a body rounded
out into full symmetry and having superior
size and weight, then we shall have a harmo
nious union ol all those desiralle points wlnoh
characterize the perfect beef animal and adapt
me lorm to nis late. .farmers- journal.
The DjyuY.
UsEfUL IfJfOJION.
Dipthebia a Malabial Poison. The micro
scope demonstrates that typhus and typhoid
fevers and all their genera, diptberia, eta , are
generated by malarial poison. New York is
given as an example, where the Bewers and
stoves murder 18,000 people annually; tbe death
rate being 34,000 whilst tbe normal rate should
be bat 11,000. The remaining 5,000 are thrown
into other channels of murder and suicide.
The same evil prevails throughout the territory
we have mentioned, and we do not believe the
3fanuracfurer can do a greater service to its
renders than to urge reform in stove3, sewers
and ventilation.
Domestic EcofJopy.
Useful Recipes.
Bbown Bbead, 1 cup of corn meal, scalded;
V cups graham floui; Vt cups white flour; ',
cup of syrup or molasses; 2 tablespoonfuls
brewer's yeast, or two-thirds cup of home
made yeast; a little salt and water, enough to
make a stiff batter. Set in a warm plac to li-e,
and when light bake in a hot oven in muffin
rins or loaves, tbe muffin rings are best.
Tapioca PcDDiNa. 1 cup of tapioca and a
teaspoon of salt; put in three large cups of
warm water and soak three or four boars; pare
and core enough apples to over tbe bottom of
a pudding dish, and fill the hollows where tbe
cores were taken out, with sugar and a very
little nutmeg or cinamon; pour tbe tapioca over
tbe apples and bake three-quarters of au hour.
This recipe is for apples that cook easily.
Serve with sugar, cream, or milk or a warm
sauce.
Cream Cake. I cap of sugar; 2 eggs; I
tablespoon of butter; beat togetber with a little
salt; 4 tablespooni of water; 1 teaspoon of
yeast powder mixed with the flour, flavor with
lemon. This makes two cakes. The cream is
made with one-half pint or more of milk. Heat
the milk in a dish in a kettle of water and
thicken' with two' eggs, a, little salt end sugar,
beated together, and one tablespoon of corn
starch mixed in a little cold milk, stir well and
let it just come to a boil. When cold flavor
"with lemon, cut open the cakes and put the
cream between the pieces.
Ground Bice Gkuel. Daisy Eyebright
gives tbe following: "Boil one tableepooaful
of ground rice, rubbed smooth with a pint of
cold water, in a pint and a half of milk, with
a bit of cinnamon and lemon peel. Sweeten
slightly, or season with salt."
Cement fob Attaching Labels to Metal.
Many of our lady readers have no doubt been
much troubled in putting up fruit, to make the
labels stick to the tin cans. The Medical
Journal says that a paste made as follows will
meet the case: Ten parts trasacanth mucilage.
ten parts honey, and one part flour. Tbe flour
appears to hasten the drying, and renders it
less susceptible to damp. Another cement
that will resist the damp stiil better, but will
not adhere if the surface is greaBy, is made by
boiling together two parts of shellac, one part
of borax, and sixteen parts water. Flour paste,
to which a 'certain proportion oi sulphuric acid
has been added, makes a lasting cement, but
the acid often acts upon tbe metals.
Weatheb Observations. When you wish
to know what the weather is to be, go out and
select the smallest cloud yon can see. Keep
your eyes upon it, and if it decreases and dis
appears, it shows tbe state of the air which will
be snre to be followed by fine weather; but if
it increases in size, take your great coat with
you if you are going from home, for falling
weather is not far off. The reason is this:
When the air is becoming charged with eleo
tricity you will see every cloud attracting all
lesser ones towards it, until it gathers into a
hhower; and. on tbe contrary, when tbe fluid
is passing off or diffusing itself, then a large
cloud will be seen breaking to pieces and dis-helving.
The First Patent. It is said that the first
patent issued by tho United States was granted
to Samuel Hopkins on July 30, 1790, for the
manufacture of pot and pearl ahes. The
third was to Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, to
lamous tor inventions in high pressure engines
ot whose inveutlons President Jefferson re
marked that "it was too valuable to be covered
by a patent, and there should be no patent for a
thing no one could afford to do without after it
was known." This was in December of the
same year in which Hopkins obtained big
patent. For many years after this datn the
Patent office was bat a clerkship in the State
department.
Paintinq Old Boildinos An inexpensive
but durable method of painting old buildings
is as follow: First give them a coat of crude
petroleum, which is the oil as it comes from
tne wens, and wnicn can oe procured lor lour or
five dollars per barrel. Then mix one pound
of "metallio paint," which is brown or red hema
tite iron and finely ground, to one quart of
linseed oil, and apply this over the petroleum
coat. The petroleum sinks into the wood, and
makes a groundwork for the irou and oil paint.
The color of the iron paint is a dark reddish
brown, and is not at all disagreeable; it is a
color not easily soiled, very durable, and is
fire-proof
Minuteness of Fuchsia Seeds. A gentle
man recently visiting a fuchsia home (hot
bouse) in Europe was asked to guess tbe
amount of fuchsia seed gathered in one year
from the house 10 by 30 feet in size. Twenty,
ten, and even as little as one pound were sug
gested, but the fact proved that the entire pro
duct was 'only one quarter of an ounce. The
Garden says that Mr. Cannell's specimen
fuch-ia-house, 30 feet by 20 feet his not yet
afforded him a quarter of sn ounce in one sea
son. One may infer from these facts bow fine
the seed is.
Value of Blood. All good dairymen are
now learning the polioy of raising their own
'cows. Now, suppose from your thirty cows
you raise ten heifer calves for the dairy. The
tunning strain oi anor.-norn blood nas proved
itself excellent, both for quantity and quality
of the milk. It also gives good feeding qua'i
ties, and will produce a much more valuable
carcass for the butcher. We know some half
blood short boms that give 7,000 to 8,000
pounds of milk, and make 300 pounds of butter
per year. It is quite safe to say that your
beifers at one year old would be worth $10 per
head more than common ones. This, there
fore would pay you $100 extra the first year on
the heifer account, and if you should raise as
many steers they would be worth as much
extra. A dairyman certainly makes a bad mis
take to use common balls when he is raising
beifers for tbe dairy or steers for the butcher.
He bad better pay double tbe price that F.
mentions for a bull of milking Short-horns or
Ayshire, or Jersey blood. N. Y. Times.
Small and Large Milkers.
A few poor cows are qoite apt, in one way
or another, to work in a dairy, and by their
diminutive yield barely pay for their keeping,
and perhaps not even mat, out cause an actual
loss. A dairyman of my acquaintance, having
forty cows, found, by measuring the milk, that
he had five in his flock which did not give milk
enough in tbe whole season to pay for their
keeping by five dollars apiece. He had five
others that paid their keeping and five dollars
a bead more. The profit and loss on these
cows just balanced each other, bp kept the ten
oows a year for nothing, losi? , , whole of
his time and labor in caiing for Wm and their
milk; besides the depreciation otock and the
interest on the cost, which were not taken into
the reckoning. When I was collecting cows for
the first dairy I Bet up, an aged and observing
dairyman said to me: "Look out for good cows;
there is a great deal of money made in this
country by dairying, but it is all mads from the
good cows." The difference between a good
cow and a poor one is not genrally appreciated.
Oftener than otherwise the price at which cows
are bought and sold is made to accord with the
amount of milk they will give. But this is
not a sound wav of estimating their value.
Beef cattle may be estimated by the pounds of
beef they will make, a duiiock mat win maae
500 Dounds of beef may be worth half as much
as one that will make 1,000 pounds; but the
cow that produces only 100 pounds of butter
a vear. is not worth naif as much as one that
will make 200 pounds in the same time. As it
will take the former cow two years to make as
much butter as the latter will in one, she will
oost the owner a year's keeping more than the
other oow will, to get the same amount. Tbe
batter from tbe poor cow costs doable what it
does from the good one and is produced at a
ruinous rate to the farmer. Such a cow will
not pay the cost of keeping, and is only fit for
the shambles. She ought certainly never to
ocoudv a plaoe in the dairy. Bat the loss sus
tained by a small yield is not all occasioned by
a bad selection of cows. Many cows which
otherwise might be classed as profitable
milkers, are made unprofitable by the treatment
they receive at the hands of the dairyman.
Careless milking, harsh treatment, worrying,
and exposure to severe storns and to extremes
of beat and cold, abate the flow of milk, and
oocasion muoh needless loss. Twenty five per
cent, variation in tbe annual product, is
easily made by kindness and severity. Com
fort and a satisfied quietude are very efflciont
in promoting a liberal flow of milk. Full
feedine is equally important, and the waut of
it is perhaps the most prolifio cause of abate
ment in the returns of the dairy. In a large
percentage ot dairies tne yield oi milk is an
nually made to dwindle down to the limit of
profitable production, and sometimes below,
from deficiency and irregularity in the food
supply. Very few dairymen give their cows as
much as they need to eat, except for a short
time in the season. In tho spring and early
summer, when the ground is moist and warm,
a vigorous growth of grass is produoed, and a
flush of feed supplies the cows for a time with
all they can appropriate, and crowded bans
and flowing pails attest their full Bupply, But
presently, in the long hot and dry days of July
and August, tbe ground beoomes parched, and
the grass stops growing and dries up. If the
cows can fill themselves during the day, they
are commonly auoweu to ran wituout any ad
ditional food. As grass fails in quantity and
quality, and more labor is required to get it,
less is consumed aud the milk diminishes.
Farmers' Advocate.
Interesting Steam Boiler Experiment.
A correspondent of the Scientific American
furnishes that journal with tbe following ao
count of a late experiment made by him:
"With the intension of increasing the ca
pacity of a steam boiler (horizontal, 42 inohes
tu diameter and 18 feet long, with 32 tubes), I
introduced some four inch tubes under the
boiler, commencing just behind the bridge wall
and running back tbe length of the boiler.
These pipes bad cast iron connections at the
bends. I placed them eight inches below the
bottom of the boiler, connected them at the
back end ot the boiler near the bottom, and
attached the feed pump near the front, and fed
with hot water. The first day they worked
well and improved the boiler greatly in steam
ing capacity; but on the third day, just after
starting up, with the first stroke of the pump,
the cast Iron end on the pipe where the feed
pipe was connected burst with a loud report,
and for a few seconds nothing but blue steam
and finally water and steam. Think-
ing the trouble was in pumping in water so
near the fire and bridge wall, I changed the
connection, putting the feed pipe into the mud
drum, and then letting the back connection
stay as it was, making a series of circulating
tubes. On firing up this time, I was alarmed
by a succession of conoussions or jars in the
boiler that shook the walls; but by firing slow
ly, we got up steam without any aooident. In
an hour or two we noticed that the tubes near
est tbe fire and bridge wall were red hot, and
blue steam was escaping from the joints of tbe
connections on the ends of the tubes. We
'drew the fire and removed the tabes. We
found a great improvement by the use of these
tubes, and did not like to abandon the use of
them. We are at a loss to account for the
phenomenon of blue steam being where we ex
pected nothing but water. What is our rem
edy."
in answer so this query, the scientific Ameri
can says: "The trouble seems to have been
that the pipes got so hot that they made steam
faster than it could be curried off, the circula
tion being imperfect. It will probably be
necessary to use larger pipes, or to discard the
return bends, to make the present arraugement
successful. The same trouble has occured
with soma forms of seotional boilers, whose ubb
has been abandoned on account of the poor
circulation."
PoJlthy Yrd-
Baxd Eoos. Beet up six eggs, one table
spoonful of flour, six of sweet milk; melt your
batter in tbe frying-pan; when hot, term the
whole in, well-beaten, and bake is s bet even.
A New "Ratsbane." And now tbe flowering
plant "asphodel," is to drive away the rats
wherever they may be. This la a perennial,
hut where it is to be obtained we know not.
Perhaps at some of our seed-stores. We, how.
ever, would not advise tbe destruction otalt the
cats until after a thorough trial and proof of
the efficacy of the new "exterminator. '
Vabmishthat will -Adhere to Metal. In
order to make alcholio varnish adhere more
firmly to polished metallio surfaces, A. Morell
adds one part of pure crystallized boracio acid to
two hundred parts of varnish. Thus prepared
it adhere so firmly to the metal that it cannot
be scratched off with tbe finger-nail; it appears,
in fact, like a glaze. If more boracio acid is
added than above recommended, the varnish
loses its intensity of color.
The Good Points of Pekin Ducks.
We have in this remarkable breed of ducks.
introduced last year, tbe result of long years of
thorough breeding for economical ends. Where
the population is so dense as in China, they are
compelled to eoonomize in the use of animal
food, and much more attention is paid to the
breeding of fish aud poultry than in thiB coun
try. Many live upon rafts, or in boats, and
keep large flocks of docks as a means of sub
sistence. Tbe Pekins, without doubt, belong
to tbe Mallard family, and are tbe largest of all
the varieties that spring from that stock. They
crosi readily with the Rouens and Aylesburys,
making larger birds than these, but not equal
to the Pekins. There is not much doubt that
their grades will prove fertile, though it will
take another year to test this matter. Some
of the Rouen -grades come out clear white, but
are readily distinguished from the pure Pe
king uy tue snape oi tU'ir bins ana smaller
size. Some of them are ne.irly solid black, and I
remarkable for their soft, ulossv nlumuee. It i
is possible tbattbis cross may be used to ad- j This variety of wheat is attracting consider
vuntage, in increasing the size of the Black i able interest on aocount of its early maturity,
Cayugas, and their fecundity, points in which t productiveness and tho excellent quality
that very flue variety is lacking. Other grades i , i , , ... v
come out looking very much like finely-bred of flour made from " 8n"M county
Rjuens, with only a slight derangement of the claims tbe credit of growing the first of this
plumage. The cross with the Aylesburys whnat last season: and ncr-nrillnr. Intlm Knnm,,.,
seems morenatural; the grades are, readily dis-1 ne)HMra, Starr's mills, of Valleio.nsntbl ,!,,..
bills, smaller size, ' ' i,
Attfnd to Cows' Uddebs in Early Win
ter. A writer in the Vermont Farmer utters
the following timely caution in regard to cow's
udders, in drying them off. As my cows are
"drying off" at this season of tbe year I find
their udders require frequent attention. I
have failed to notice in the agricultural jour
nals any complaint of such trouble, but in my
own dairy, and particularly with such cows as
are in the highest condition, clotted milk is
very apt to collect in one or perhaps all the
quarters of the bag after milking has been dis
continued, and sometimes even much later,
after I have supposed the flow of milk to be
entirely arrested and the bag quite dry. Ah
this secretion goes on, unless the clotted matter
is withdrawn, the teat and udder beeome more
and more distended, inflammation ensues and
putrefaction of the contents sets in, I make
no question but that neglect ot this matter is
the cause of permanent mischief to the udder,
and particularly of that contracted condition of
tbe muscles which regulate the passage of milk
from the bag into the teat, a condition dis
covered not uufrequently, and with surprise as
well as regret, when cows come into milk in
the spriug, and wbioh ever after renders the
milking of such cows very irksome.
" Proper " Wheat.
Thermo-electricity in Iron Ships. There
is a curious point, says Broad Arrow, in con
nection with tbe deviation of the compass on
board iron ships, which is now beginning to
attract tbe attention of scientific men, and may
therefore, perhaps, be new to some of our read
ers. It is now believed that some of the sud
den and hitherto unacoountable changes in the
deviation of the compasses of iron ships
which are often unsuspected until alleged as
the only conceivable cause of the vessel running
ashore are the effects of an unequal and vary
ing distribution of heat over tbe iron hull; for
it is well known that electricity is generated in
a metallio substance by heat applied in a cer
tain way, and, in fact, there is a branch of
electrical science called thermo-eleotricity, de
voted to the investigation of phenomena of this
kind. Sudden slight changes of compass devi
ation, not exceeding five degrees, have been
noticed on board iron ships on the North Amer
ican coast, and these are now attributed to
changos in the hull, occasioned by the vessel
passing from warm to cold water, aud vice versa.
The warm temperature of tbe gulf stream.
taken in connection with tbe cold counter-current,
is considered to bo quite sufficient to ao
count for many of the suspected compass
errors on board iron ships.
The Artificial Vanilla. Wo alluded a few
weeks since to the fact of tho discovery that tho
odorous principle of tbe vanilla beans could be
obtained. We ure now enabled to give the sub
stance of the English patent that has been is
sued for this to Wilbehn Haarman, Ph.D.,
analytical chemist, GeorgenstraBe, Berlin,
Germany, Take, first, coniferine; or, secondly,
the Bap of plants mentioned above wbioh bos
been purified or liberated from alumina or other
impurities; or, thirdly, an extract ot all those
parts of the ju-t-mentioned plants containing
coniferine; or, fourthly, the products obtained
from coniferine by means of fermentation, pu
trefaction, or similar action; and treat one
another with oxidising agents or such agents of
similar action, such as bl-chromate of potas
sium and sulphuric acid, or any other peroxide,
oxide, acid or 'salt, which produce the same ef
fect. The product of the reaction in all these
cases is artificial vanilline, which has been
firoved to be identical in all physical and obem
cal properties with tbe aromatic principle ob
tained by tbe extraction, etc., of the natural
vanilla beaus.
tinguished by their lighter
and different build behind. So far as the ob
servation of this season goes, there is no im
provement to be made upon the Pekins in size.
or beauty of form and plumage, by the cross.
it JueuH uuu Ayiesuurys are lucreussu in size
We claim for the Pekins a comely form of
snowy whiteness, that mak-s tbem very desir
able pets for the lawn, or for small bodies of
water in cultivated grounds. They are a very
bardy bird, and judging by the txperienoe of
the past'two seasons, are more easily raised
than either Rouens or Aylesburys, The Pt
kins come about as near to being perpetual
layers as any of tbe gallinaceous breeds of
fowls that have that name. After tbe observa
tion and experience of tbe past two gammers,
we think the Pekins are fairly entitled to the
front rank among our useful aquatic 'fowls,
Villagers and farmers can breed them with
more profit tbau any other duck. W. Clift, in
Ohio Farmer.
Hat fob Fowls. Many years ago, when a
young fancier, I often noticed that after mak
ing new nests in pens where the fowls were con
fined in winter, that the would gradually dis
appear. It was some time before I discovered
what became of them; tbe fact was they were
eaten by tbe fowls. Since then when vegetable
food was scarce, I have always kept good sweet
bay in their reach. It should be kept in a rack
or tied in a bundle and bung np. It must not
be allowed to get in tbe dirt and be trampled
on. I do not think it any advantage to cut tbe
hay fine.
To Clean Kid Gloves. Make a thick mu
cilage by boiling a handful of flaxseed; add a
little diakolved soap; then, when tbe mixture
cools, with a piece of white flannel wipe tbe
gloves, previously fitted to tbe band; use only
enough to take off the dirt without wetting
through the gloves.
exclusively for flour shipped to tbe European
market. But we are assured by parties posted
in the. matter that this must be a mistake, as
there was supposed to be only 2 000 tons of
this wheat product d in this State tho past sea
son. One house in San Francisco purobased
300 tons for which extreme rates were given.
They payed S1.C0 for the proper wheat, whon
they were buying common for $1.50 aud choice
club for $1 C3. Tho same bouse also
shipped 200 tons of this wheat on farmers' ac
couut. Tbe demand for it was quite active-.
What will be tbe result of its introduction in
the Euglish market remains to be seen, but
favorable reports are expected from it. Still it
may possess all the qualities that we desire in
wheat for home consumption, and not meet
with favor in England, us their tastes differ
simewhat from our in regard to first-class
flour.
Bat wbatvcr the reception of the proper
wheat may be in England, it will undoubtedly
become popular in this country for several rea
sons, among the most prominent of which is its
early maturity, racijic Jtural J'resi,
Ayalancueh in Utah. Dispatches from1 Salt
Lake city, dated the 14th int., say: Terrible
snow storms are prevailing throughout tbe Ter
ritory. I be canons of Cottonwood are com
pletely blocked with snow, and avalanches
are occurring hourly, the citizens of AIU, Utah,
tearing tne destruction oi tue town irom know.
Tbey have guides out daily for tbe purpose of
warning the people. Tbe four men killed by
an avalanche on Tuesday will be buried to
morrow, under tbe auspices oi tbe Masonic
fraternity,
Arrs, Crickets, and other insect annoy,
anoes may be driven from tbelr nests and holes
by sprinkling carbolio acid dilated with water
around these places of resort.
Glanders in Enoland. This horrible dia-
caso is now vory rife amonu the horses in
London and in tbe collieries in Durham. In
the latter pluco. a miner contracted tlm iliueaan.
and died with it. He was inoculated by washing
uis iiuuus in u ciaieru iu wnicn au atlocted
animal had drunk. There is a defect in the
English law rolating to infectious disease-, as
fur as respects glanders. Iho authorities huve
only power to seize and kill those infected
auimuls found in tbe streets. This doled will
bo romcdlul, probably, Hnd glandered horses
will be subject to be seized and slaughtered
at any and every place.
Gilding and Hilvkiiiwi Bile Thread. In a
process that has beon patented in Euulinri. rrnM
or silver leaf is rubbed on it stouo with honey
until reduced to a nno powder. The silk thread in
oaked or bjiled in u solution of chloride of
ziuc, and, after being washed, it is iioilod in
water with which the iold or silver nninl.
has been mixed. When washed and dried it
will be found coated with a fine laver nt onl.l
or silver, which may even be polished in the
usual juuuuer.
The Stockton Woolen Mills, savs the TmU.
pendent, constitute one of tbe best managed and
mum use j hi industries in rto:kton. forty
thousand dollars is invested iu tbe basinets.
There are 25 employe's, to whom $1,000 wages
is paid per month. During 1874 the mills con
sumed 20,000 pounds of wool The manufac
tured goods during the same period consisted
of 75,000 yards of flannel and 7,500 pairs of
blankets. Total value of manufactures, $75,000
Sanitabt Rules for tub Stable. A thor
ough horseman very truly writes: Provide
blankets f it the horses. A warm blanket will
save feed and loss of time by skkuess. Avoid
exposure to cold ruins, and if caught in a storm
let the horses be rubbed dry before tbe blankets
are put over them. Keep tbe stall clean and
on no account allow manure to gather beneath
the horses' feet. This injures tbe boots and
uiwju uiuuuces cracseu ceuis. jiesides, It ren
ders tbe air foul and is very injarious to the
animals' eyes. In tbe effort to ke-p the stable
warm, proper ventilation sbonld not be neg-le.-ted.
The curry comb and brush should not
lie idle; their use invigorates tbe skin and pro
motes healthful secretions.
LATi!K raoM Tipe. A method has been
patented in France for preparing leather from
tripe and other animal membranes, (he leather
thus made to be used for glove making, etc.
i
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Y.
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