Willamette farmer., February 26, 1875, Page 3, Image 3

wilJlmette farmer
i
UsEfllL IO(fJION.
Structure of a Cow's Horn.
It is very frequently the case that in the
'commonest, most uninviting of objects, we
may see (if we like) beautiful examples of
engineering skill. A few days since, says Mr.
Frank Buckland in Zand and Waitr, I was in
specting the large tanneries of the Messrs.
Hamlyu at Backfastleigh, on the River Dart,
Dovonsbire. In one of the back yards was a
mountain of the skulls and horns of cows of all
sorts and kinds. Here there was a treasure
worthy of investigation; so I got ,on to the
mountain of horns and skulls, and picked out
some beautiful specimens which Mr. Hamlyn
kindly gave me, in order to make sections, etc.
I find that over the, brain of the cow a strong
roof of bone is thrown in the shape of an arch,
so as to form a substantial foundation for the
horns. This roof if not solid, but is again
strengthened below by a series of bony arches,
that are so distributed as to form a series of
hollow chambers, thus forming a structure
uniting strength with lightness.
The problem now is, how to fasten the horn
on eaoh Bide on to this buttress. The horn
itself must of course be formed of horn proper,
i.e., hardened hair. In the rhinoceros, we find
a horn composed entirely of a solid mass of
what is really a bunch of hair agglutinated
together; but this kind of horn would have
been much too heavy for the cow's convenient
use. What is to be done? Why, hollow out
the center of the horn of course; but stay this
will not do, because how is the horn to be sup
plied with blood-vessels? in fact, how is it to
grow? Let us see how it is done by .the great
Designer.
Gut the horn right across with a saw, and you
will find inside another horn, only made of
bone. If the section is made about one-third
of the, way down the length of the horn, you
will be able to pick out a piece of bone in the
shape of a cone, on which, or rather round
which, the horn proper has shaped itself. This
bone fits the cavity with the greatest accuracy;
it is as light as the thinnest paper, and yet as
strong as a cone of tin. It is everywhere per
forated with holes, which in life contained the
nerves, the veins and arteries, and we know a
cow has all these in her horns; nerves proved
by the fact that cows do not like thoir boms
touched, and that tbey can scratch a fly off their
hides with the top of the horn; arteries and
veins, proved by the fact that a horn when
broken will bleed, and that the horn of a living
cow feels quite warm when held in the hrud,
besides which the nerves and arteries form a
union between tbe internal core of bone and
the external covering of horn proper.
If we now cut the rest of tbe born into sec
tions we shall find that the inside of the bony
part is really hollow, but that very strong but
tresses of bone are thrown about every inch or
so, across the cavity of the horn in such a man
ner as to give it the greatest possible support
and strength. I have cut a cow's horn and
skull into several sections to show these but
tresses of bone, and now that tbe preparation
is finished I have another specimen to show
that there is design and beauty in all created
objects.
Reduction of Obesity.
An exchange says: "Obesity is made the
fubject of anjnteresting article in the Journal
dts Connaissances Medicates, by Dr. Corlieu.
Dr. Banting's syBtem of cure consists, as is
pretty generally known, in abstaining from
bread, butter, milk, sugar and potatoes; taking
about five ounces of beef, mutton, fish, or
bacon, for breakfast, with a large cup of ten
without either milk or sugar, and with an
ounce of biscuit or toast; for dinner, about six
ounces of any fish except salmon; of any kind
of meat exclusivoof pork, and of any vegetables
save potatoes. Game, fowls, pudding, cham
pagne, port and beer, forbidded.
Another method is described in the article
before us as tried by a physician. Dr. Philbert,
who was himself the patient. At the age of
twenty-six he weighed three hundred and ten
pounds, and measured four feet ten inches
around the abdomen. His sleep was heavy,
his pulse irregular at seventy-two per minute,
his appetite and digestion were good. Having
placed himself under thecare of Dr. Schindler,
at Marinbad, Bohemia, he treated him as fol
lows: Get up at six in the morning; from half
past six to seven take three glasses (six
ounces each) of tbe Kreutzbunn spring; from
half-past seven to eight, two boiled eggs and u
cup of tea, and a small roll; from nine to. ten, a
vapor,bath daily, the first perspiration' being
followed by friction with a gloved band and a
coli'douche; the second by rubbing with a soft
flesh-brush; the third by flagellation with a
bundle of poplar twigs with their leaves on,
then a second douclie of cold water. On leav
ing the bath rubbing the body with vinegar.
After tbe bath, a walk. At eleven a. m., two
dishes of meat or fish, one of vegetables boiled
fruit without sugar, half a bottle of wine, and
two small rolls. From noon to six a perma
nent stay in tbe forest surrounding the town,
walking as much as possible without fatigue.
At six, a dish of cold meat, boiled fruit as
above, half a bottle of wine and a roll of bread.
A walk after this dinner.9 At eight, shampoo
ing with soap; half an hour later to bed. Morn
ing and evening, five alkaline pills.
The treatment lasted six weeks, at the end oi
which he had lost thirty-five pounds. He then
continued the cure at borne, with the Marien
bad waters for a fortnight, and afterward went
to Fontainebleau in order to eat two pounds of
grapes gathered on the spot, every morning
fasting. At the end of two months he bad re
duced his weight to two hundred and fifty-six
pounds, and has since come down to one hun
dred and eighty pounds, enjoying excellent
health.
Chinese India Ink.
Although the Chinese prepare their ink from
the kernel of some amygaalaceons fruit, yet, by
the aid of our present chemical appliances we
are able to prodnce a composition in no way in
ferior to the best Chinese ink, by the adoption
of a formula which is given in Riflault's
treatise on the "Manufacture of Colors." Tbe
following is tbe formula:
Calcined lampblack, 100 parts; hogshead
shale black, in impalpable powder, 50 parts;
indieo carmine, in cakes. 10 parts; carmine
lake, 5 parts; gum arabio (first quality), 10
pans, uunueu ubm, yniio, an-uuvitu CA'
traot of musk. 5 parts.
The gum is dissolved in 50 to 60 porta pure
water, and the eolation filtered through a cloth.
The indigo carmine, lake, lampblack and shale
black are incorporated witn tms liquor, ana
the whole ground upon a slab with a muller, in
the same manner as ordinary colors; but in
this ease the grinding takes much longer.
When the paste U thoroughly homogeneous
the oxgall is gradually added, and then the
alcohelio extract of musk. The more the black
U ground the finer it is. The black it then
.allowed to dry in the air until it has acquired
sajfieient consistency to be molded into cakes,
which in their turn we still further dried in tbe
air, oat of the reach of dust When quite
firm- these cake are compressed in bronx
molds, having appropriate design engraved
mpon them. The molded ink is then wrapped
in tinfoil, with a second envelope of gilt paper.
The ink which has been prepared in this man
ner possesses all the properties of the real Chi
nese article. Its grain is Bmooth;it flows very
well, mixes perfeotly with many other colors,
and becomes so firmly fixed to the paper that
other colors may be spread over it without
washing it out.
Uskitjl Information. It is sometimes use
ful to. know how to dissolve silver without at
tacking copper, brass or German silver, so as
to remove the silver from silvered objects,
plated warer etc A liquid for the purpose is
simply a mixture of nitrio acid with six parts
of sulphuric, heated in a water bath to lOtideg.
Fab.., at which temperature it operates best.
By this' msans the old silver attathed to plated
ware, old 'daguerreotype plates, etc, may be
removed and saved without necessity for wast
ing acids in dissolving a large amount of use
less metal.
Domestic EcofJofny.
How to Cook Turkeys and Chickens.
Boast Turkey. A turkey should be well
singed and cleaned of pin feathers; then draw
the inwards. Be sure you take everything out
that is inside. Dip the turkey into cold water ;
clean the gizzard, liver, heart and neck; let all
soak one hour if you have time. Wash all
very clean; wipe the turkey very dry inside
and out. Make a dressing of two cupf uls of
bread crumbs, one teaspoonful of salt, two
large spoonfuls of sweet marjoram, two spoon
fuls of butter, one egg and mix them well to
gether. Cut the skin of the turkey in the back
part of the neck, that the breast may look
plump; fill the breast with the force-meat and
sew it up. If you have any more forcemeat
than is required for the breast, put the remain
der into the body and Bkewer the vent, tie the
legs down very tight, skewer the wings down
to the sides, and turn the neck on to the back
with a strong skewer. Baste with salt and
water once, then frequently with butter; fifteen
minutes before dishing, dredge with a little
salt and floury and baste with butter for the
last time. This will give a fine frothy appear
ance and add to the. flavor of the turkey.
To make gravy, put the gizzad, neck and
liver, into a saucepan with a quart of water.a
little pepper, salt and maoe; put it on the fir e
and let it boil to about half a pint. When
done, braid up the liver very fine with a knife,
and put it back into the water it was boiled in;
then add the drippings of the turkey and a Ut
ile flour, and give it one boil, stirring it all the
time. Dish the gizzard with the turkey. Al
low twelve minutes to a pound for the time to
roast a turkey. A turkey weighing ten pounds
requires two hours to roast with a clear fire,
not too hot. Turn the spit very often.
Boiled turkey is prepared the sime as for
roasting, except in the dressing. Put in pork,
chopped very fine, instead of butter. In truss
ing, turn the wings on the back instead of the
sides, as for roasting; flour a cloth well, pin
up the turkey tight, put it into boiling water
where one or two pounds of salt pork have
been boiling for some time; let this boil with
tbe turkey: and dish the pork with tho turkey
on a separate dish, with some parsley. Serve
with oysters or celery sauce. A turkey weigh
ing eight pounds requires an hour and a half
to boil.
Boast Chickens. Dress and rost the same
as a turkey. A pair of chickens weighing six
Sounds require an hour and a half to roast,
lake the gravy the same as for a turkey, ex
cept the mace, which is to be ommitted.
Roiled Chickens. Dress and boil the same
as a tnikey, Some cooks do not stuff boiled
chickens or turkeys; but the dressing adds as
much to the boiled as to the roast. Fork boiled
with ohickens is very necessary. A pair of
chickens require from one to two hours to boil,
depending upon the size and. Rge.Ohlo
Fartiu.::
Blowing Meat. Dr. Yeld, medical officer of
health for buuderland, England, has presented
a memorial to the health committee of that
town against the "blowing and stuffing of
meat." The practice of "blowing" is described
as fallows': "A tube or pipe is thrust under the
skin of the meat, and the butcher or dresser
then blows tbe foul air from his own lungs into
the cellular tissue of tbe meat; the effect being
that a deceptive appearance of plumpness or
fatness is given to the meut, and in many cases
it Decomes taintea witn ine smell ot rum, to
bacco, etc" This is pleasant for consumers of
meat, and where ignorance is bliss, it is per
hnps folly to be wise; and now that publio at
tention has been called to the "blowing" prac
tice, it might perhaps bs as well for butchers
to meet the wishes of the fastidious so far as to
use a pair of bellows for tbe purpose of giving
a graceful contour to the carcasses of animals
they kill. Even for their own Bakes thev will
act prudently by discontinuing tbe use of their
lungs in the process.
Chocolate Caramels. Take one pound of
sugar, one-fourth pound of chocolate, onet-ible-spoonful
of milk, one also of molasses. Grate
the chocolate and mix with sugar, etc. Put the
mixture in an iron skillet on the back part of
the stove, where the heat will slowly melt it.
Cook slowly, stirring it well. To ascertain
when done, take a little in a spoon and drop it
in a cup of water; if done, it ought to sink in a
solid mass, and in a few minutes be firm.
When you have decided that it is cooked
enough, grease u long cheesecake tin with but
ter; pour in the muss aud spread evealy. Be
fore too cold, cut in small squares.
BnEAKFAST Indian Cake. Take as much
meal as may be required, scald it partially; then
take some drippings of lard and warm water
melt the fat with it; then take tbe meal and
mix it with milk to the proper consistency; add
a little salt and a beaten egg, or the egg may be
omitted; bake on the griddle, and you will have
an excellent cane.
Wateb Cake. Take four cups of rifted flour,
two enps of white sugar, half a cup of butter,
two eggs, and one cap of water. Turn tbe
water over the butter, stir tbe sugar into it,
add the eggs well beaten. Dissolve a small
teaspoonful of saleratns in a little boiling
water; stir it in; mix two spoonsfuls of cream
of tartar with the flour. Nutmeg, lemon or
nuce for the flavoring.
- Thick and Thin Saws It is raid tbat the
manufacture of mortar, be ton, and concrete,
from- the waste lime of gat purifier a dis
covery or invention announced only, short
time ago has already commenced on an exten
sive scale in England. The method of thus
utilizing what has hitherto been considered an
almost worthless refuse, consists, in this case,
of simply grinding it up in an ordinary mortar
mill, or mixing it as common lime with sand,
ashes and similar material. The addtion of
Portland cement to the mixture is found to
render the product brick, slabs, etc., much
harder.
To extract ink from cotton, silk and woolen
goods, saturate the spots with spirits of tar
pontine, and let it remain several hours; then
rub it between the hands. It will crumble
away without injuring either the color or tex
ture of Mm f abrie.
Qoop HV-TH-
Washing Out the Stomach.
Dr. C. Ewald, of Berlin, describes a method
of washing out the stomach, which, on account
of its great simplicity seems likely to make the
topical treatment of diseases of the stomach,
especially in rases of poisoning, muoh more
common: "A piece of ordinary India rubber
tubing, such as is used for gas-lamps, about
six feet long, is used. One end is rounded
with Bcis'ors, and, if neoessary, two holes are
cut at a short distance from the end. This
tube possasses quite sufficient rigidity to be
fiassed without difficulty into the stomach. To
he outer end a funnel is fitted, into which can
be poured either water or a solution of soda,
etc.,, according to circumstances.. If the con
tents of the stomach are to be removed tub
outer end of the tube must be sunk to tbe level
of thepabes, or even lower; then the patient
must make a short but forcible contraction of
tbe abdominal walls. By this means the tube
is filled to its highest point with the contents of
the stomach, and becomes a siphon; tbe liquid
continuing to flow until there is no more, or
till the tube is stopped.
This last seldom occurs, if the tube be of a
moderate calibre. Should it, however, happen,
or the abdominal pressure be insufficient to
fill the tube in the first instance, or the patient
be insensible, or any similar diffi'-ulty arise, it
can, In general, be readily overcome by fitting
a common clyster-syringe to tne end ot tne
tube, one stroke from the piston ot which is
generally sufficient to remove the obstacle.
The Hourly Death Bate. Dr. Lawson, an
English physician, has recently published soma
curious observations regarding the time of the
day when the greatest and least number of
deaths occur. He finds, from the study of the
statistics of several hospitals, asylums, and
other institutions, tbat deaths from chronic dis
eases are most numerous between tbe hours of
eight and ten in the morning, and fewest be
tween like nours in tne evening. Acute aeatns
from oontinued fevers and pneumonia tak-
place in the greatest ratio either in the early
morning, wnen tne powers oi me are at tneir
lowest, or in the afternoon, when acute disease
is most active. The occurrence of these defi
nite daily variations in tbe hourly death rate is
shown, in tbe case of chronio diseases, to be
dependent on recurring variations in the ener
gies ot organic me; ana in tne case oi acute
diseases, the cause is ascribed either to the ex
istence of a well marked daily extreme of bodily
depression, or a daily maximum of intensity of
acute disease.
Simple Dyspepsia Remedies. Dyspepsia
arises from a great variety of causes, and dif
ferent persons are relieved by different reme
dies, according to tbe nature of the disease and
condition of the stomach. We know of a lady
who has derived great benefit from drinking a
tumbler of sweet milk the richer and fresher
the better, whenever a burning senation is ex
perienced in the stomach. An elderly gentle
man of our acquaintance, who was affiicted for
many years with great distress after eating, has
effected a cure by mixing a tablespoonful of
wheat bran in half a tumbler of water, and
drinking it half an hour after his meals. It is
necessary to stir quickly and drink immedi
atelv, or the bran will adhere to the class and
becjuio pasty. Coffee and tobacco are proba
bly the worst substances persons troubled with
dyspepsia are in tbe habit of using, and should
be avoided. Regnlar eating of nonrishingplain
food, and the use of some simple remeiliea likr
the above, will effect in inostcaBes quicker cures
than medicine. Scientific American.
Nelaton's Tbeatment of Bcils. A French
medical journal says that Nelaton for more
than 20 years prescribed the use of alcohol for
the prevention of these smaller abscesses
which are so common among young people and
which so seriously impair the beauty of the
face. It appears tbat this treatment is now
extending. In speaking of boils and outward
abscesses, and other inflammations of tbe epi
dermis and of tbe derma, he observes that as
soon as the characteristic circular redness ap-
Cears ou any part of the body, whatever may
e its size, with a point rising in the middle,
making it a grayish white, a thimbleful of cam
phorated alcohol should be poured into a
saucer; the palm of tbe hand should be wetted
with it and this should be rubbed with gentle
friction over tho affected place. The finger
should be again steeped, and tbe friction con
tinued as oticn as eignt or ten times every nun
minute. The place should be well dried aud
before covering it up a little camphorated olivo
oil should be applied to prevent tne evapora
tion of tbe fluid.
Bed Wall Papeb Dangers. To tbe dangers
due to the arsenic entering into the pigment
need in stainiug green wall paper, must now
be added others produced by coralline dyo em
nloved in tbe coloring of red hancinss. It ap
pears that tbe poisonous symptoms (extending
to acute eruptions of the body, when under
garments thus dyed are worn, and to eye uis
eases in nanered rooms') are owing not directly
to the coralline, since recent experiments have
proved tbe substance to be harmless, but to on
arsenical mordant used to fix it. This last acts
as a poison, both topically upon the skin,
through contact with garments, and also by its
dust and vapors, disengaged from the stuffs
which it colors.
TrE f-J0rSE.
Qoiddiso Hobse.- The habit of "qoidding,"
or dropping the food after chewing it, is due
to several reasons. The horse may suffer from
a sore throat or difficulty of swallowing from
other causes; gome of tbe teeth may be carious
ordiseased, or tbey may be worn sharp upon
tbeir edges and cut tbe mouth. It will be nec
essary to examine the'moath and throat as far
as rossible, both by sight and by pressure. If
there is a hollow or diseased tooth it should be
extracted; if any are sharp upon tbeir edges
they should be filed down with a flat file; if the
throat is sore or any part of the montb, a wish
of chlorate of potash should be used with a
sponge fastened to a piece of whalebone or rat
tan; or embrocations of mustard should be 'ap
plied to tbe throat outwardly. , It might be well
to cut the feed fine and s?ald it, feeding it when
only slightly warm. JV. Y. Tribune,
13 ' '
The Hobie fob Fabk Wobx. The bead of a
horse for, farm work should be comely, but not
so small as that of tbe running horse, at it en
ab'es the animal to throw more weight into tbe
collar. He sbonld be broad and flat in the
forehead, have neat well set on ears, prominent
placid eyes, thin eye-lids, large nostrils, neat
necK, ana aeep towira tne cnett, notjvery nign
in the withers, with upright shoulder, forearm
broad, flat bone below the knee, rather short
pasterns, good round feet and not too flat or
upright, plenty of hoof, clean leg, straight
back, with plenty of loin, and ribs well arched.
For a breeder no animal should be used tbat is
not free from curb, bog or bone spavin, splint
or side bones. Horses with well developed
muscles and a good constitution are easy to
keep. JQt.
Clyde and French Draft Horses
I noticeed in the November number of your
paper, a communication signed by O. T. Dong
lass, upon Clyde and French draft horses. I
cau fully endorse his comparison, having been
engaged in the horse business for the past 25
years, and having during tbat time been thrown
in almost constant contact with importers and
dealers in draft horses. I have also been en
gaged in selling half and three-quarter blood
English and Clydesdale horses, alongside of
French half and three-quarter blood horses,
and I have never known it to fail that the Eng
lish and Clydosd tie were considered far supe
rior in every particular to the French horses.
The points of diffrrenoe between the Clydes
dale aud tbe French are:
1. Tbe former has more bone than the latter.
2. They are better backed.
3. They are not so short-ribbed.
4. They are better footed.
G. Tuey have more weight for their bight.
6. Nine out of every ten can trot away from
any French horse I ever saw.
Tho speed of the French horses hag been, the
hobby of their owners; and comparing them
with the Clydesdale, I claim that' tho speed is
not there. I have never been a newspaper con
respondent, and do not write now for any pe
cuniary interest whatever, but I only write to
cornet the very erroneous statements made by
persons interested in the Frenoh horses. I have
given my reasous for preferring the Clydesdale
to the French horse, and those reasous can,
aud will be substantiated by any honest horse
dealer who knows anything ot the merits ot the
rliffdreat breeds.
I will give a partial measurement of a Clydes
dale three-year old volt; the same, or anything
Uko the same measurement, I olairo, cannot be
given of any Frenoh horse of any age:
The front leg b.low tbe knee, 11 inches.
The front leg above the knee (thiokest part
between knee and body). 29 inohes.
Hind leg below the knee (smallest place),
13 inches; the hind leg above the knee, mid
way between kuee and stifle, 23 inches.
flight, 17 hands, standard measure; weight,
2,210 pounds.
Now, Mr. Frenchman, if you have any stock
on hand that oun come up to the measeurement
or weight of the Clydesdale colt above named,
I would be glad to hear from you in the next
issue of the Journal.
At present, I fail to see the propriety of up
holding the French horses as being superior to
tne Clydesdale; for any sane man, with a
knowledge of both breeds of horses, knows,
ihat to even thiuk of it is absurd, let alone to
write about it.
I wish to state that I am not governed by
prejudices whatever. I am au American citi
zen, and therefore it is only from practical ob
servation of the different breeds of horses that
I form my opinion us to tho superiority of tho
Clydesdale horde oyer the French horse, and
not from any love to a country from which a
korre may be imported.
Besides buying and selling for quite a num
ber of years, I have also been breeding hordes
for 25 year, and I here state, emphatically,
that I know whereof I speak,
Not desiring, nor yet fearing, a controversy
on the subject before us, but merely wishing to
bring before your readers the right side of the
question. Cor. National Live Stock Journal,
Blood Drinking. Inquiries made at the
slaughter-houses in New York have brought out
the tact that some two hundred persons in that
city are in the habit ot drinking blood warm
from tbe ox for strengtbing purposes and for
eare of diseases.
Agricultural Settlers on Mineral Lands.
The Washington correspondent of the Bui
letln says that an important question affecting
agricultural lands in the minera I regions, has
unexpectedly arisen in the General Land Office
in tbe pre-emption case appealed from the Sac
ramento district, of Samuel Freeman vs. John
Jones, involving a small tract in El Dorado
county. Without going into details of no gen
eral interest, it may be stated that the question
is now to be decided .whether any mineral lands
included in the 29 townships which were with
drawn as presumptively " mineral " by the or
der of the Interior Department, in December,
1371, havo been or are now subject to Btich set
tlement in good faith (as agricultural) as will
enable tbe settler to olaim priority of pre-emption
over all other persons who may endeavor
to pre-empt the sarno tract after it is proved to
bo non-mineral. Tne department has several
times held that a homestead entry, though in
correct or fraudulent, duos actually withdraw
tbe land, and that no bona fide settlor cau ac
quiro any initiatory rights until the previous
entry is canceled. Following this and pimilar
rulings a decision has lately been prepared, ap
plying the same principle to tbe lands reserved
as above stut-d, by the order of 1871, aud
holding that this reservation had the effect of
a withdrawal of tho lauds from sdtbment, und
that, therefore, no infeasible rights could bo
acquired by any settlement upon them prior to
the legal establishment of tbeir agricultural
ttatits.
In other words, an nqricnltural settler upon
land within this reserved "mineial belt,"
whether before or since the date of tbe order of
1871, would be required not only to prove that
his lands are more valuable for agricultural
than for mining purposes, but would then have
to make his pre-emption or homestead filing de
novo. Tuns the advantage of years of home
stead occupation commenced, perhaps, long
before the so-called "withdrawal" of the 29
townships op the cost of bowl fide improve
ments and ttfe labor of years, might bo utterly
lost to an inattontive or unsuspecting settler
by the sharp practice of some watchful specu
lator ready to come in and enter the tract tbe
moment that the settler bad, by formal proof,
established its agricultural character. Tbe
decision to this effect, though prepared, as
above stated, for the signature of the commis
sinner, has not been sinned by him: aud al
though it is manifestly in the legal precedents
it will not probably receive bis approval unless
materially mociineu in tne interests oi equity.
Senator Sargent and Representative Page,
having had tbeir attention directed to tbe mat
ter, have hastened to advise Commissioner
Bardett of tbe magnitude of the question in
volved in this apparently unimportant case,
and it is now probable that tbe decision, when
rendered, will announce as tbe rule of the De
partment, tbat in cases where the settler makes
application to file upon these withdrawn lands,
trial may be had to determine tbeir non-mineral
character, and thereupon bis application shall
be received and accorded priority.
Wooden Nest Egos. A correspondent writes
us, says an exchange, that he has been tryiug
wooden nest eggs, and finds them preferable to
glass or chins, in that they are lighter and
there is no danger of them breaking tbe egg
that may be laid in tbe nest. There is no dan
ger of sending bad eggs to market if all real
egg are gathered often; and no danger from
ouckeni or neus learning to eat eggs, which
., -. .r ""? fB uw uj tv
sing, or by collision with a china egg.
Tht Dmy.
Premium Butter.
If it be a faot, as reported, that, the .butter
which received the premium at the Northern
Ohio Fair, was made in Delaware county, New
York, what may be the inferences? .That the
committee acted impartially is not questioned.
Bat was our best butter there? Was our but
ter interest fairly represented? I mnst assume
it was not, for, aside from prejudice of home,
I contend that we have just as good cows, just
as nutritious grasses, just as clear water, just
as equitable a climate, just as clean pans aud
bands, and just as earnest butter-makers, here
in Ohio, as in any other locality, no matter
how especially favored.
There is only one point on which a doubt
can be raised, and this is as to the character
of the milk-room and the care taken in keeping
it at the right temperature. It has been de
monstrared that if milk is kept as nearly as
possible at a given temperature, more oream,
and better, will be obtained than at a higher or
lower temperature. It has also been demon
strated that a clean dry room is preferable to a
foul and wet one. The purer the atmosphere,
tbe purer the butter. Milk is a powerful ab
sorbent, and no one who has not carefully ex
amined would imagine tbe impurity taken up
by milk and oream.
Now if our friends in New York have any
new processes by whioh they are enabled to
make better butter than we do, we desire to
know it. If it be. a fact, as claimed, that re
frigerators or cooling rooms are a necessity,
and that they are in advanoe of us on this
point, I say, let us remedy this defect, and
the sooner the better. The experience of those
who make "gilt-edged" butter is, that the
temperature of the milk-room should be as
nearly at sixty-two degrees as possible, and
that the room mast be perfectly dry and free
from every impurity. Spring-houses, with
pans partly immersed in water, have been
found to be objectionable on aoconnt of the
dampness, and yet so muoh preferable .to tbe
bost cellars. So, to remedy these objections,
loe-housus or refrigerators are used, whioh are
now so constructed that all these objections
are removed, giving always a pure, dry atmos
phere. The houses ora filled with ice in win
ter, which lasts until the next winter.
"Gilt-edged" butter requires no change of
cows; no increase of cream, no increase of
labor but does require core of cows, in food,
drink and shelter; care in milking; Betting the
milk; in churning and working and seasoning;
and, just asimportant as all other points com
bined, the proper condition and temperature to
the milk-room, so that the obemieal changes
which take place in the milk may bo natural,
and there be no absorption of extraneous mat
ter. "Gilt-edged" butter is worth from fifty to
seventy cents per pound, and the market never
can be qluUed; while "good" butter, costing
just as much to make, oommtnds from nothing
up to perhaps thirty or even forty cents. Now
I assume tosay,tbat just as good "gilt-edged"
butter can bo made here in Ohio as elsewhere,
if we observo the sarno conditions. Will it
pay? I contend it will, both in money and rep
utation; and with the present experience of
another State carrying off our premium, shall
hope and trust the lesson may not be throirn
away. P. J, in Ohio Farmer
Abortion in Cows.
As this serious malady has hitherto be filed
the skill of the best experts in the country, wbo
have failed to disoovercauso or suggest remedy,
facts bearing on it will bo of interest to farmers.
By cirefully collecting tbo-e and collating them,
something practical may in time be deduced,
oven from their apparent inconsistencies.
One of oar prominent dairymen in this sootioD,
who keeps on a average through the year about
80 cows, gives us sotno faots in his several years
experience, at varianco with what wo have
always heard and understood. To keep up a
regular supply of butter, hs very frequently
during the season buys ton or twelve cows at a
time, selling the dry ones or those nearly dry,
off to tho batcher. Contrary to tbe received
opinion, that a cow that aborts once is liable
to do it continuously for several yeirs,and is on
this account often sold, ho finds tbat whilonine
ontof every tsn cows newly purchased, abort on
bis place with their first calves after arrival,
hardly one in ton of them aborts with their
second or subsequent calvos. Abortions among
his cows are confined to those freshly purchased,
and ho always expects it with them the first
season and does not havo it among tho rest.
The epidemic character of the disease seems
thus refuted.
Such a result would most naturally be ex
pected in tbe old stock and not in now, the
reverse being tho faot. As to how this state of
things o,tn bo explaind, wo have but one sup
position. Tho cows our friend usually pur
chases, are tbo best cows which can bo selocted
out of the droves. His Hystom of feeding is
high pressure, considering it true economy to
givo tbem all thoy can be induced to eat, and
of tho kind most calculated to produoe the
moit tiiik and butter. They may bo considered
asaf onc put under rainw7(ir the pall, as soon
ns thev come on to the place All that is in
them is sure to be developed. Wo o in suppose
this management to be a spoedy and radical
change from their previous condition. Hence
abortion, which is usually considered as liable
to result from utiiih cases. Alter the animal
system, at the end of twelve months becomes
accustomed to their new management, abortion
coasts .
Good Advice to Settlers.
At a late celebration of Qaeen Victoria's
birthday in Virginia, Mr. St. Andrews is re
ported to have given his countrymen tho follow
ing sensible advice, which is equally applicable
to the Canadians intending to migrate. He
said:
1. Come in colonies, or go to oolonies.
2. Bring money In your purees.
3. Leave your prejudices behiud,
i. Don't expect too much,
5. For land or business pay cash.
0. Keep two-thirds, at least of mnr nnn..
for a working capital,
7. Avoid land sbarks. You can easily find
out the reliable land agents.
8. In bnvlng land, don't get too much of a
good thing.
v. Aduere to tbe old fafchloned principle of
British honor. Don't attempt "smartness;"
better class American don't admire it; bnt
they cau beat you at the game if yon challenge
them to it.
10, Remember tbat success Is more in the
man than in the country.
i. F?h.PoyTIOA Qot.-Mr: Byerly, d
itor of the New Orleans JtuUetln, having east
some severe reflection upon ex-Governor War
moth, a challenge bad pancd. or was about to
pas, wheu the two accidentally meeting In the
street, Byerley knocked Warmotb down and
jamped upon him. Daring the fight Warmouth
drew a knife and stabbed hi antagonist several
uiura iu toe auaomen, irom tne effect of which
be died the next day. Warmoth has been at-
mua. uyeney was a Northern man and a
I political opponent of Warmouth.
T-KS8