6
WUlL'AMETTE; farmer.
fdlSCILLEOJs,
Cotton.
From Pacific Rural Press.
There is scarcely any agricultural product in
which the readers o( the Pnsas have nianifesttd
more interest during the present season than in
cotton. Being aware of this we sh til continue
to lay before them such information on the
subject as we are able to obtain. It is essen
tial that the people of California familiarize
themselves with the manufacturing and com
mercial aspects of this important product, as
well as to learn bow to grow it. We therefore
give the following digest of the Departmental
report of the cotton crop of 1874, It will be
well for the California cotton grower to note,
in reading this report, where allusion is made
to the condition of the crop in June, with the
statement that "vigilance, stimulated by fears
of utter failnre kept the Add intlrrly clear of
grans," etc., for tbongh the crop berr- is not liable
to suffer from floods, it will probaby past
through other trials or succumb to them, if
ttB owners are not alike watchful and vigi
lant. Following is the digest of the report re
ferred to:
"The cotton product of 1874, as estimated
by the correspondents of tbo Department of
Agriculture, somewhat exceeds thiee and a half
millions of bdles. The yield per acre is re
'poted lens than in 1873 in most of the States.
The weather for ripening and gathering the top
crop has been very favorable. The reports are
nearly unanimous in stating tbat the propor
tion of lint to seed is large. The percentages
of last year's aggregate of bales in the princi-
Sal cotton State are ns follows: Virginia, 89;
forth Carolina, 89; South Carolina, 9,3; Geor
gia, 93; Florida, 100; Alabama, 95; Missis
sippi, 90; Louisiana, 80; Texas, 90; Arkansas,
0; Tennessee, C7. This result corresponds
very closely with the indications of the monthly
statements of condition made by the Depart
ment. Tiiv October statement, which has been mis
interpreted, or misrepresented, as indicating
3,000,000 hides or less, mukeB the average for
10 cotton Stiiti'8, 71 per cent, of normal con
dition, or an impairment of 29 percent, from
all causes, against 79 per cent, last year. So
far as condition iu October indicates final
results in bdus, tho proportion would be: As
79 Ih to 71 so is the ablegate jield of last to
that of the prrsent Koason This would make,
within a fraction, 3,748,000 bales on the same
acreage; but on an urea 10 per cent, less it
would menu 3 373,000, or with the outlying
area, fully 3,400,000. The fine season for
ripening and gathering during the last two
moutliR accounts for the slight increase in the
flual returns, and renders the nccuraoy of judg
ment iu tho two returns almost absolutely
identical.
Ab to th'i noceksily that all the monthly reports
of condition throughout the growing season
should be identical in their pucentanos, it is
an absurdity and an impossibility, which no
man of sinso would suggest, as IhiTH must
ever I o a constant warfaro b -tween tbo vital
and destroying foiccs of nituio, the current
results of which it is the business of our cor
rospondouta to repor' from month to mouth.
The Htatemont of condition, (100 represent
ing uormal condition of healthy development,
above which oxiraordinary vigor and growth
may sometimes be written, while ull impair
ment of Vitality or r Auction of healthful
growth are represented by lower figures), dur
ing tho growing season of 1871, has been
reported ns follows, the figures being iu each
case an averago, for the Statonamid, of the
couuty percentage of normal condition, by the
side of which are placed similar Stato avor
ageB for 1873:
June, July. August, 8ojt. October.
TATia . " '
187J 1871 1B7J 1871 1873 1671 1873 1871 1873 1874
K, O 89 01 105 05 t5 (15 87 88 83
B. 0 8S 81 HI 88 87 87 M 80 80 8U
Georgia. Vi 80 01 VI 05 01 DO 77 81 80
Florida . 10J 00 00 9i) 101 10'J 85 77 70 81
Alabama 0! SI 83 Vi 01 00 85 81 78 75
Uiu 01 78 M 87 88 80 W 71 73 71
Ia 01 70 80 7J 80 8.1 Btl 03 05 6!l
Tciaa.. tiG 00 78 101 8J 10.1 01 01 80 70
Arkantaa 01 00 100 01 03 87 03 17 83 So
Tenu,... 00 83 90 07 03 81 91 6J 90 36
The condition of tbo, crop iu J una was re
ported lower than in the same period of 1873
in every State except Texas aud North j
uarniiu I. jjouisitwn, wuiun rmuurru iuubi
by floods, niado the lowest average; Mississippi ,
next; Georgia, South Carolina aud Alabama
coming nixt iu order. Saturating rains, caus-
iug overflows cf every spting-braucb as well as
larger utriums, It ft cotton more unthrifty, '
irregular, and stuuted in appearauoe than for j
years at tho early stago of its growth. The '
writer of this vlnittd most of the cotton States,
and can testify to the reliability of the first
report. I
After the tains onme nofptioually fine i
weather; stand were perfected by replautiug;
the plants took root more firmly in the warm
soil; growth became rapid; nud vlgllanoo stim
ulated by ncent fears of utter failure kept the
field unusually clear of gram, so tho July
returns everywhere indicated improvement, as
those of the proiaus yrar had shown deoliue
of oouditlou. A coinparisou of the two years
in July Btiows metier comution iu ion in
North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama,
MiuWbippi aud Texas. In August a record of
continued improvement was made in all the.
States except North Carolina, Alabama, Arkan
sas and Tennessee, deterioration being notlce-
, able in the latter two. At this polut in the
j comparison with 1873, a diollne commences in
the condition of cotton of the present si ason,
though it ii mainly seen iu Arksusat and
Tennessee, very slightly in Georgia, Florida,
Alabama, and Louisiana, while in South Caio
liua and Tfxat a higher condition) 1 marked
than in August last yea'.
In Hepttinber this slight difference is evi
denced, especially by the low returns of
i Tennessee, Arkansas, LouWiaua and Texas,
resulting from drought and other causes which
would have made still greater to.iuctlon of pro
duct but for the fact that losses from the cater
pillar were far 1m than iu 1873, lu October
there appear a slight improvement in Georgia,
Florida. Texas. Arkansas and Tennessee: small
reduction in the Carolina! and Alabama; aad
iu Misaiiaippi and lioul'lana no change it
indicited. The general average for thit month
it 7k"
iMNtOVXaUXT I MaF MAWO. Lloyd, the
faniont map man, who mane oil trie maps tor
General Grant and tht Onion army, hat iu.
vented a way of getting a rtlitf plate from
tel to at to print a sap 40x60 Inches in ats
on a fast working powtv press. Thlt will to
Mueh cheapen .the priot of aiap-niaknlg at to
enable hist to furnish an nnniounted map o(
tht abave tit on bank note paptr, plain aud
unvarnished for 10 cents, or SS otnU colored
and varnlthtd.
Xnunw dried and out in slipt makt Tory
t8 belt latin.
The New Homestead Plan.
FromPacinc Rural Press.
We are requested to call the attention of
Eastern editora and readers to the following
"Cali'oruia Ltter" fromtho, Corresponding
Secretary of the State Grange Committee on
Immigration. The explanations following are of
iuterest to re ulers atiome and abroad: "u
"California, is now attracting about one
thousand people a week to her beautiful val
levs. who are Irvine to eso.ipa from the rough
oliinate of their childhood. Many desire to
maae.new Homes in a tan i wnere mey can en
joy perpetual summer and hive their fruit, and
flower gardens always in bloom. The rush to
ward the Pacific is quite as great now as it was
in early times, when those who came expected
to accumulate a fortuue from our golden sands,
aud return to their native homes to enjoy their
suddenly acquired fortunes and spend the re
mainder of their days in luxury. At that time
no one thought of residing permanently in this
inaccessible territory, where the only exports,
for generations had been bides and tallow.
Wild cattle roamed at will, through the valleys
and rendered it unsafe for the pedestrian. They
sold at a dollar a he id, the land thrown in
hardly worth mentioning. This was the con
dition of our country when Americana were
first attract-d to her enores.
Dread had to be imported at great expense,
until some indomitable Yankee, experimented
with the cereals and demonstrated that even
the hills and mouutains would bring forth
abundantly with little or no attention from the
husbandman. The borne demand was soon
supplied and now we export more wheat than
all the rest of the United States combined.
It is estimated that we will ship about $10,.
000,000 worth this year at last year's prices.
Only about one twentieth of our arable land is
in cultivation, yet we surprise the world with
our wonderful surplus. When properly popu
lated who can estimate the value of our pro
ductions? Wheat, barley, and wild oats are used for
hay in place of timothy, red top and other per
ennial grasses, reducing the average yield per
acre br indicated by those who write on this
subject from statistics instead of observation.
We harvest more than one-fourth of all the
barley produced in the United States. This
orop yields well, and requires very little labor
or attention especially where allowed to volun
teer from year to year, hogged off, and con
verted into poric worm nve cents a round on
foot.
About twenty years ago n joudr Ohio sbep
herd started for this coast with a few hundred
sheep, and although laughed at by some, and
pitied by others who regarded him as insane,
he trudged along after bis little flock and ar
rived in due time with three or four hundred,
at his destination. Tbat young man still in his
prime has tlio s itlstactlon ol seeing ualllornia
surpass Ohio in his chosen pursuit, and yield
about one-third of all the wool produced iu the
Unit-d States. After supplying the factories of
the Pacific coast this year, we expect to export
about 30, 000,000 pounds.
More than threo-fourths of the wine pro
duced in the United States is manufactured in
the State of California, and the people of Santa
Barbara have the 1 irgest vine in the world,
more than a foot in diameter, covering a trellis
CO by 72 feet, and yielding annually from four
to six tons o grapes.
Immigration baa been retarded in consequence
of the feet thit about one-twentieth of tbo land
iu the State, including many of our m st de
lighiful valleys, are owned by private parties
uudor Moxictn grants, called ranohos, contain
ing from one to eleven square leagues, former
ly of nominal value and now in the market at
from two to ten dollars per ncre.
Many of these charming little valleys aro ad
mirably adapted to colonizing and dairying
under the faotory system, where it is desirable
to prolong the season to ten months by soiling
with green corn fodder, sorghum, beets and
Bquasbt s, each of wnich may be made to yield
from 25 to 40 tons per acre.
A New Homestead Plan.
Those vast rauchos often containing 40,000
acres can only be purchased by colonies or
companios iu consequence of the large amount
of capital required. A homestead association
lornied iu October last has located in this
county on Lompoo (Lompoke) rancho in the
fertile valley of Santa Ynez uoar Point Concep
tion. Wo aro to pty $500,000 in ten annual instal
ments for about 47.000, acres of laud, the valley
portion of which has been carefully surveyed
into 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 acre lots and sold to
the highst bidder", members of the association
having the prefereuco, for which the company
has already realized abaut $700,000 and have
three-fourths pf the rancho remaining unsold.
A town Bite was selected in the valley and C40
nores cut into house lots, oue-tenth of whion
brought about $70,000 under the hammer.
With proper management it is expected tbat the
town lots aloue will sell for enough to pty for
the whole rancho so that the agricultural stock
holder will ultimately' get his farm for bis
sagacity. Twenty-live por cent, of the fund
arising from the silo of town lots has, by reso
lution of the stockholders, been set apart as an
ondowtriont fund likely to nmouut to $100,000
which is to be used for the malntaiuauce of an
agricultural college 'and experimental fttm
Another fuud, which will probably amount to
$30,000 baa been provided, for theereotionof a
modern, ebgant, commodius, substantial public
school buildtug quite as good ns people gener
ally enjoy at the cast after the labor of genera
tions. . 0
Thus iu a week we have arrauged for one of
themostliberal, euterprising, educational, tem
perance towns tbat canbedeaired by the most re
fined and fastidious, where tbey may rear and
educate their families and where the snares and
vices of the dram ahop will uever endanger
the baultg ana morals ol tneir cnlldren.
Instead of payiug two or three hundred'dol
lars per acre for laud near the town in valleys
already settled tho immigrant can ioiu with
others, put chose a rancho iu an unsettled valley
at five or ten dollars per aore, start a new town
in harmony with the most advanced principles
r f modern society, divide and settle the valley
lands and dispose of the remainder to the
grazier, and in this manner with a small capital
seoute social aavamagea mat are usuany en
joyed alone by tht affluent.
Already the people of Lot Anaelea have
formed a company and are about to subdivide
one or more of their choicest ranches, aud the
same thing will be repeated here until these
charming valleys, once occupied alone by the
bovlnes. become the floral cardent of hundreds
of thoutaudt who flee from their frozen hornet
to dwell where they1 can enjoy the- vine', fig,
apple, olive, almond, and the orange In 'a fairy
land where December Uat pleasant at May.
At (he last annual inertlng of our State
Grange Oommlttet'on Immigration wot ap
pointed ana organized ir toe purpose oi aiding
those who denre our assistance iu telecUog
and atcurUg home.
Person writing letters of Inquiry should be
careful to give their name and poetoffloe ad
diets. O. L. Abbott.
Bant Barbara, Cal.
Tnt Brooklyn tower of tht Enat river Brook
lyn bridge wot eompltttd on the 16ih of
DeetBtbtf. IU total bight U 968 feet 48 feet
higher than Bunker Bill monument. It pre
aentt a very imposing appearance; we hope it
will not prove a tower of folly.
i Economics the of Fuel.
The following interesting summary is from
an address' recently delivered before the Boyal
School Jof lMtneyat Berlin, by G. F. Becker :
The progress in the economical consumption
of fuel in the last fifty years-has been enor
mous, and bas been effected in great part by
metallurgists; and here again we find the
cientifis men taking the lead. In the econ
omical application of the heat developed by
fuel, the Bessemer process is enormously effec
tive, not more than ten pounds of coal being
requisite ior lue jjruuuuuou oi a nuuarea
weight of steel from pig iron by this method.
while in the older process, still in use for fine
qualities of steel, two hundred and fifty pounds
are needed. Siemens, by making the heat
which would esoape through the chimney of an
ordinary furnace warm the fuel and the air
necessary to combustion, obtains an economy
of two-thirds the weight of fuel. It was Faber
du Faur, an accomplished Bavarian metallur
gist, who first made practical use of the gases
which formerly escaped in immense quantities
from the tops of blast furnaces and the enor
mous blast engines, the hoisting engines,
pumps and hot blast stoves, even the roasting
kilns ol snob estaDiisnments now-a-days re
quire no fuel except this long-neglected waBte
product. Bischof, another German engineer
and metallulglcal autnor was tne nrst to pro
duce gas artificially for smelting purposes, and
this wag certainly one of the greatest advances
ever made in our art. By first turning it into
gas, fuel can be much more perfectly consumed
than in the solid form, and hence can be made
to give ns, as in the Siemens furnace, in which
only gas is used, a much higher temperature
than is practically attained by the combustion
of coal in the ordinary way, but perhaps the
greatest advantage of gas is that substances, in
general scarcely regarded as fuel at all, can be
employed for the production of gas with the
most brilliant results, a matter of the greates
Importance, especially in a region destitute of
true coal, like California, Lundin, a noted
and thoroughly educated Swedish metallurgist,
has taught us how to produce gas from wet saw
dust, entirely without preparation, of such
power that wrought iron may be melted with
it, and the great difficulty is to find any mate
rial infusible enough to answer as a lining in
the furnaces where it is consumed. You will
receive some idea of the importance of theBe
improvements from the fact tbat the economy
in fuel effected in England alone in the year
1872, as compared with 1871, by the progress
made in the introduction of more perfect ap
paratus, represented more than four millions of
tons of coal.
Remarkable Tree Growth in San Ber
nardino. We give the following from the Santa Bar
bara Guardian of December 12, 1874: "We are
not going to exaggerate. We went into Dr.
Barton's champion nursery with a pole in one
hand and a tape in the other. We made the
measurements; can vouch for their correctness;
and invite the skeptical to go and satisfy them
selves, that we simply give the bire facts. In
this wonderful nursery are Sicily lemon trees
which have grown from bud since last spring,
nine feet seven inches high each and three
inches in circumference. And yet those trees
have been, "clipped" off over two feet of "top"
each. In the orange nursery we measured sev
eral trees over flvo feet high and three inches
in circumference, each. And, in general vigor
and luxuriance of limb, we kribw those trees
are unequaled for their age. Fig trees budded
on other fig stocks last March show au aston
ishing, nay, incredible growth. Scores of them
are each over six feet high, with, splendid
yield of figs, and good figs too. The two year
old fig trees average about nine feet in hight,
and ten and a half inches in circumference,
lanted fro m Bix inch cuttings. Slips planted
ast March have borne excellent fijs we tasted
them and average probably about five feet
six inches in hight and three inches in circum
ference. These from eight inch cuttings.
Several are over seven feet in bight. Pear
trees are of this year's growth, many of them
seven feet high, each. Almond buds grafted
on yearling peaches have since last spring pro
duced trctsi many of which are each over six
inches in circumference, with from seven to ten
strong limbs iu proportion. Hundreds of al
mond trees from seed last spring are each over
eight feet high aud about three aud a half
inches in circumference. There are 2,500 of
theso splendid trees in all. We were shown a
peach budded on another peach last spring,
which bas grown from the ground, to the iu-
credible bight of eight feet and two inches, and
strong aud vigorous, too. Of the two years'
walnut trees many ot ttieni are eacn over Vi
feet high and alio at ten inohes in circumfer
ence. This year alone, hundreds of them av
erage 11 feet six inohes in hight. There are
aliout 4,000 in the nursery. We have not
space to notice the remainiug varieties in de
tail, but we can honestly say with Baillle
bauipson, that tneir general growtn la prodi
gious. Altogether, we doubt If there Is a nurs
ery in Southern California can make such a
splendid showing, by rule nud tape. ,
The Mysteries ol the Human Tfiroat.
Dr. Frederick Fieber, of Vienna, like the
little boy 'with, his drum, not content with en
joying the melody of Madam Paulino Lucca,
haB made a close scrutiny of the throat whence
the sweet sounds issue, and puolisnes the re
sult of his investlgitionB. The mechanical
apparatus which is the instrument of tbo men
tal faoulty, appears, in Madame Lucca's case,
to be beautifully perfect, the result to some ex
tent, perhaps of congenital fitness,) but also
doubtless, partly oi me soientino training to
which the artiste has been subjected in early
youth. Examined under the laryngoscope, the
larynx appears t-mall and well shaped, its sev
eral parts beiug marvelously developed and
perfect. Tht true strings ore pnra snow white
ana po-sess noue oi tne uiuisn tinge common
amoug women. Although shorter than usual
among vocali-ts they are stronger in proportion
and amply provided with muscle. When at
reft they are partially screened by the false
strings; but Dr. Feber, who watched Madame
Lucca's throat through his, instrument whilst
she was tinging,' noticed that a soon at a tone
was struck, they displayed themselves in their
full breadth and ttrengtb. The aid given by a
suitable form of mouth to the production of
vocal music it a novel and interesting point
brought out by Dr. Fieber. On being admitted
to a view of the trti-te's mouth ht wot at once
struck with'the tpacioniuest and symmetry of
ita, hollow, the otherwise perfect symmetry being
impaired only by the absence of a tonsil,-which
baa been removed, at well at with the vigor
with which every tone produced raited the "tall"
of he palate. .Dr. Fieber it of opinion that the
natural conformation of her month accounts in a
large measure for the wonderful power Madame
Lucoa pottetiet of raiting and dropping her
voice alternately. The sound wave are natu
rally strengthened in to favorably shaped a
tpooe, wniie tne muactetoi tne pauue appeared
to kavo acquired exceptional ilreagth aad pli
aeibty by long practice.
Dbatui raoM Famtjii. AcoonnU from Asia
Minor show that dutrett from the famine it in
creating, and that many deatht occur daily.
f
Geological Puzzle.
Prof. R. Welser, of Georgetown, Colorado,
contributes the following to the Journal of
Science and Arts: Geologists have been not a
little perplexed with the frozen rocks found in
some of onr silver mines in Clear Creek county,
Colorado. I will first give a statement of the
facts in the case, and then a theory for their
explanation. There is a silver mine high up
on McCiellan mountain called the Stevens
mine. The altitude of this mine is 12,600
feet. At the depth of from CO to 200 feet, the
crevice matter, consisting of silica, calcite aud
ore, together with the surrounding wall-rocks,
is found to be in a solid, frozen mass. Mc
Ciellan mountain is one of the highest eastern
spurs of the Snowy range; it has the form of a
horseshoe, with a bold escarpment of felds
patbio rock, near 2,000 feet high, which in
some places is nearly perpendicular. The Ste
vens mine is situated in tbo southwestern bed
of the great horseshoe; it opens from the north
western. A tunnel is driven into the mountain
on the lode, where the rock is almost perpen
dicular. Nothing unusual occurred until a
distance of some 80 or 90,feet was made; and
then the frozen territory was reached, and it
has continued for over 200 feet. There are no
indications of a thaw, summer or winter; the
whole frozen territory is surrounded by hard,
massive rock, and the lode itself is as bard
and solid as the rock. The miners being
nnable to excavate the frozen material by pick
or drill, to get out the ore, (for it is a rich lode,
running argentiferous galena from 5 to 1,200
ounces to the ton), found the only way was to
kindle a' large wood fire at night against the
back end of the tunnel, and thus thaw the fro
zen material, and in the morning take out the
disintegrated ore. This has been the mode of
mining for more than two years. The tunnel
is over 200 feet deep, and there is n diminu
tion of the frost; it seems to be rather increas
ing. There is, so far as we can see, no open
ing or channel through which the frost could
possibly have reached such a depth from the
surface. There are other mines in the same
vicinity in a like frozen state.
From what we know of the depth to which
frost usually penetrates into the earth, it does
not appear probable tbat it could have reached
the depth of 200 feet through the solid rock in
the Stevens mine, nor even through the crevice
matter of the lode, which as we have stated, is
as hard as the rock itself. The idea, then, of
the frost reaching such a depth from the out
side, being utterly untenable, 1 can do no other
way than to fall back upon the Glacial era of
the Quaternary. Evidences of the Glacial
Jeriod are found all over the Bocky mountains,
ust above the Stevens mine there are the
remains of a moraine nearly a mile long, and
half a mile wide. The debris of this moraine
consists of small square and angular stones,
clearly showing that they have not come from
any great distance. And just over the range,
on the Pacifio slope, there are the remains of
the largest moraine I have ever seen, consist
ing of fieldspathio boulders of immense size.
1 conclude, therefore, that it was during that
period of intense cold that 'the frost penetrated
so far down into these rocks, and that it has
been there ever since, and bids fair to remain
for a long time to come.
Cutting and Pickling Pork.
L. W. Babbitt, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, in a
communication to the Western Rural, says the
first essential iu pickling pork is a good, sweet
banel not a molasses narrei, but a new barrel
msde from well-Reasoned, white oak staves,
without any sap in them. If there is any sap
in tho staves the briue will leak through, and
the pork will be spoiled with rust. Good salt
is another requisite for pickling pork.
wiien tne nogs are Killed and tne nesn per
fectly cold, lay the hog on bis side and cut
straight down the center of the back until the
knife strikes the bone. Then turn bim on his
back and cut through the ribs close to the back
bone, so as to meet the cut made from the
other Bide. Cut off the head and your pig
will be in halves; cut the leaf lard from the
ribs; cut off the shoulder and ham; cot out all
the lean meat from the side; th n cut the side
in strips about three inches wide, cutting across
from back to belly. When you have your sides
all cat in this way, take your barrel and cover
the bottom three-fourths of an inch deep with
salt; then take your pieces of pork and st
them on edge, the skiu next to the btrrel, mak
ing the circle smaller and smaller, until you
have a perfect layer, and as close together as
you can well press each piece with the hand;
then fill all opeu spaces with salt. Then, with
a square-ended stick, or maul, pound the pork
down until it is smooth on the top. Then
cover with salt about five-eighths of an inch
deep. Then proceed with another layer as
before, and bo on till tbe barrel is filled to
within three or four inohes of the top. Then
make a brine as strong as can be made with
talt and boiling aoft water; skim the brine and
let it cool. When cold pour it on the meat
until the barrel is filled to within two inches of
the top. Put a board, cut to fit the inside of
the barrel, on top of the pork, and lav npon it
a rock weighing about forty pounds. Keep tbe
barrel in a cool place, if you have one; if not,
keep it almost anywhere out of tbe sun, and
you will have good pickled pork a's long as you
keep It completely covered with brine. I have
never lost. auy pork put up in this way, and I
bavo Kept it in cellars, on tne nrst noor ana iu
the garret. r
Tebhidlk Explosion. Two miners were in
stantly killed in the Butro tunnel on the 30th
ult., and a number of others seriously injured
one fatally. The accident was of quite a sin
gular natme, and should be studied and borne
iu mind by all persons using nltro-glycerine:
It happened at the time of changing shifts, and
a blist was about to be exploded in the face, or
header, of the tunnel. The men retreated
bock about six hundred feet, where the battery
used in exploding blasts was situated. Several
uoxes oi Kiauipuwuer oau ucea leu uear mo
battery, and when the blast in the header was
toqenea on, tbe powaer near tne battery also
exploded, by what means is not folly under
stood. 3
rnivme Pi2H.Tiimifraa.A cnrinriR rSndA
offish-batching it said to be followed in China.
Having collected the necessary spawn from tbe
water's edge, tbe fishermen place a certain
quantity in an empty hen's egg. which it sealed
up with wax and put under the sitting .hen.
After some days they break the egg, and empty
tbe fry into water well warmed by the inn, and
here nnrte them until they are tufficiently
strong to be turned into a lake or river.
Tbk Maoio IiAktebx ix Disfcuc Dr. Bal
mono, a London surgeon, hat successfully ap
plied the magic lantern to the ttndy of disease
of tbe akin. A taonepottnt photograph of the
akin It taken and then plaotd in a masio
lantern, A ttrong hydro-oxygen ligbt'eattt the
picture enlarged on white (beet; aid in thit
way the cmtHMt detail are brought out with
attonithlng minntexteem.
Hot Wan. Tbe wafer euoountered In tbe
main east drift ol tbe 8000-foot level of tbe Im
perial mine, U tbe hottest on tbe Comttock.
The temperature, carefully noted, ni found
to be 1S0K degree.
DEWEY & CO.
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
OFFICE, 394 BAXSOME BTBEET, S. F.
PATENTS obtained promptly; Caveat filed
expeditiously; Patent reissues taken out;
Assignments made and recorded in legal
form; Copies of Patents and Assignmente
procured; Examinations of Patents made
here and at Washington; Examinations made
of Assignments recorded in Washington;
Examinations ordered and reported by Tele
graph; Rejected cases taken up and Patents
obtained; Interferences Prosecuted; Opinions
rendered regarding the validity of Patents
and Assignments; every legitimate branch of
Paten Agency Business promptly and
thoroughly conducted.
Our intimate knowledge of the various in
ventions of this coast, and long practice in
patent business, enable ns to abundantly
satisfy our patrons; and our success and
business are constantly increasing.
The shrewdest and most experienced Inventors
are found among our most steadfast friends
and patrons, who fully appreciate our advan
tages in bringing valuable inventions to the
notice of the publio through the oolumns of
our widely circulated, first-class journals
thereby facilitating their introduction, sale
and popularity.
Foreign Patents.
In addition to American Patents, we secures
with the assistance of co-operative agents,
claims in all foreign countries which grant
Patents, including Great Britain, France,
Belgium, Prussia, Austria, Victoria, Pern,
Bussia, Spain, British India, Saxony, British
Columbia, Canada, Norway, Sweden," Mexico,
Victoria, Brazil, Bavaria, Holland, Den
mark, Italy, Portugal, Cuba, Roman States,
Wnrtemberg, Mew Zealand,, New South
Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Brazil, New
Grenada, Chile, Argentine Bcpublio, AND
EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLD
where Patents are obtainable.
No models are required in European coun
tries, but the drawings and specifications
should be prepared with thoroughness, by
able persons who are familiar with the re
quirements and changes of foreign patent
laws agents who are reliable and perma
nently established.
Our schedule prices vfor obtaining foreign pat
ents, in all cases, will always be as low, and
in some instances lower, than those of any
other responsible agency.
We can and do get foreign patents for inventors
in the Pacifio States from two to six months
(according to the location of tho country
sooneb than any other agents.
Home Counsel.
Our long experience in obtaining patents for
Inventors on this Coast has familiarized us
with the character of most of the inventions
already patented; hence we ore frequently
able to save our patrons the cost of a fruitless
application by pointing them to the same
thing already covered by a patent. We are
always free to advise applicants of any
knowledge we have of previous applications
which will interfere with their obtaining a
patent.
We invite the acquaintance of all parties con
nected with inventions and patent right busi
ness, believing that the mutual conference of
legitimate business and professional men is
mutual gain. Parties in doubt in regard to
their rights as assignees of patents, or pur
chasers of patented articles, can often receive
advice of importance to theii: from a short
call at our office.
Remittances of money, made by individual in
ventors to the Government, sometimes mis
carry, and it has repeatedly happened that
applicants have not only lost their money
but their inventions also, from this cause and
consequent delay. We hold ourselves re
sponsible for all fees entrusted to our agency.
The principal portion of the patent business of
this coast has been done, and is still being
done, through our agency. We are familiar
with, and have full records, of all former
cases, and can more directly judge of the
value and patentability of inventions discov
ered here than any other agents.
Situated so remote from the seat of government,
delays are even more dangerous to the invent
ors of the Pacifio Coast than to applicants in
the Eastern States. Valuable patents may be
lost by the extra time consumed in transmit
ting specifications from Eastern agencies back
to this coast for the signature of the inventor.
Confidential.
We take great pains to preserve secrecy in all
confidential matters, and applicants for pat
ents can rest assured that their communi
cations and business transactions will be held
strictly confidential by us. Circulars free.
Engravings.
We have superior artists in our own office, and
all facilities for producing fine and satisfac
tory illustrations of inventions and machinery,
for newspaper, book, circular and other
printed illustrations, and are always ready to
assist 'patrons in bringing their valuable dis
coveries into practical and profitable use.
DEWEY & CO.,
United States and Foreign Patent Agents, pub
lishers Mining and Scientific Press ana the
Pacifio Rural Press, 224 Sansome St., S. F.
The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance
Company of California.
No. 41 Second street, - - - Sacramento
ACCCMTJLATED FUND, NEARLY
$i,oo,ooo.oo.
f 100,000 Approved BccuriUet, deposited with the Cali
fornia Bute Department at security for
' Policy holders everywhere.
LELAND STANFORD.
J. II. CARROLL,
JOS. CRACKBOS ,
President
Vlw-Preeldtnt
........ . . . . . .KMCrct&ry
All Policlee iaraed by this Company, ud thtproceedi
thereof, an exempt from execution by tne laws of Cal.
roroU. THE ONLI STATE IK THE UNION tbat pro
vide for lata exemption
aw Policies Issued by title Company are non-fort tria
ble, and all profit ere divided among the lnaared.
Policies may be made payable in Oold or Oaman,
at the applicant auy elect, to pay hit premium.
Executive Committee:
T.ttt BriXToaD, 1. B. " iti.
Boar. HuraroB, Burn!. lavaseoy,
Ji. Caaouii.
SCmXBXB HOWAU,
It-lO-eow-bp-Sm Oeaenl AttnU, BtcraoMato.
flttiet Tt THit) UntJ Owners.
I am mtanractsriBf a Gtaa Plow necltlry adopted
toptoBfkis(TilAd. AZtnat ' "
VeJleJo Foundry, 3. X XetUd, Vrvp.,
Itrlt-tm TAIXVO, CAIi