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SALEM, OREGON, JANUARY 15, 1875.
Volnmo VI. Number 48.
OREGON IV AM US.
BI A, P. DAVIDSON.
Original Names of Rivers, Valleys and
Places in the Willamette Valley Their
Signification Various Changes Etc.
j, (Continued.)
KABUT TRADITIONS.
Lnck-i-a-muke, the original Indian name
of the Luck-i-mute. It is variously spelled,
as Luck-a-muko, Luck-kl-a-muke, Luck a
jnfcss, etc. The last Is a corruption of La
Camas, or La Kaunas. The Canadian-French
called the river La Camas, becruse, the rich
lands along the bottoms were covered with a
bulbous root, used as food by the Indians.
When the camas Is in blossom it presents a
most beautiful appearance, being of a violet
riuh color, the elem rising two feet, with
many leaves, waving the breeze, glowing in
the sun, exhaling an odoriferous perfume
that even a LIraius would have delighted In.
2To wonder the Candian-French christened
it with the appropriate name La Camas, the
camas.
Bat La Camas, Luck-a-mute end La Kara
s are obsolete, lost, forever forgotten
Luck i-mute is the authography now gen
erally used, and is a corruption of the origin
al Indian name Luck-l-a muke.
In January, 1845, 1 was all over the Luok-I-
ann to country. It is a superior portion of the
Willamette valley. A few Indians were
camped on the river, under thefr favorites,
the big fit's, which, umbrella-llko, keep off
ilia winds, rains and storms. As usual, I bad
a "wa-wa" with tbem. I asked them what
they were. They answered Calapooias, or,
as they pronounced it, Kul-a poo-yah. A
Jieavy accent on poo, and a broad one on yah
Alas! the Indian accentation has, like them
selves "passed away.to be forever forgotten."
"Lo, the poor Indian"
I bad, as usual, with Indians, at that day,
"talk." I asked tbem about their country;
"where they originally came from; what
people pre-occu pled this country; from whom
the name of the stream, Luck-1-a-muke, was
derived?" etc., etc. But, at present, shall
waive further notice of information gained,
and shall weave It in a future article.
There are other Indian names which I will
advert to, but at present, will notice some
French names, as
LaBlcUe she.elk. The word is now writ
ten Labisb. Here we see at once the transi
tion words go through; their genealogy Is
lost by Abeir environment; their correlation is
destroyed by these successive dlfferentatlons
which must necessarily follow when one
people succeed another, as the French sue
ceed the Indian, and the American the
Xrenob. The French modify the Indian and
the American the FronoU words.
Business is the order of the day. In the
"struggle for life," men of neatly all classes,
like force,pnrsue the line of I oatt resistance. "
Hence, words are sliortened, made easier in
epeUing and writing, became business de
mands it. The philologist compUIns; the
orthoeplst looks sour; the etymologist com
pliments the masses as mudsills, etc. But af
ter all mankind are right. They mean busi
ness. Common sense is the main ingredient in
man; common sense is at the bottom of all
good; common sense lies deep iu human na
ture; common sense digs deep and piles
nigh. Ho power on earth can 'convince the
masses that their.consciousncss of what is good
U not for tbelr Interest. They conscientious.
ly know what ia good and purine it" with that
unerring Instinct which knows no faltering.
Good sen formulate this: "All forces fol
low the lines of least resistance. Hence, we
aay and write, because easier, Labial). La
blab it is, and Labiah let It he.
Vex Perce, pierced noses: The name of a
tribe of Indians given tbem by the Jesuit
jfathers, because they wore ornaments in
, their no, tbroagh a silt.
Petone, a grass plot, a lawn, green foliage.
Dalles, Ut rock, a door sill, a, Ant door
step, flat stone' at the door.
Dae Cnttt, a abate, or,- in the plural,
ahataa, a swift ehanwel. The name of a river
above U.DaUesv
Cascade, JWU, or a succession of. falls. A
rang of mountains, tha Cascades.
Toe Cascades (avlU)oa the Columbia are
tarrwe, and worthy the appropriate name,
fasf fltr
Many sappriw the above French ranee
are Indian. A little attention to the ntno
rapby 111 iow that there is very Hill, an
alogy of I be French "with the IndUa. J, for
oae'.shoull be Jaat aa happy if thaae Fraaah
im abou VI jtlaia: ia taot, their Gaalie
are,aodUuUelaatl'ul'7 rprcaen'a
.4
tlve names would never be marred In their
autbograpby and pronunciation. But can It
bsl Nez Perces is ofton written Nesporces,
Nes Perces; Palouse, Paloose; Des Chutes,
Deschutes and Des Chootes; and La BIche is
universally written by the Willamette press,
Lnbish.
The appropriateness of these names Is such
as to commeud onr admiration.
The Dalles, when traced to its root-meaning
is full of beauty. Dalles, a flat stone at
the door, a stepping stone, the door sill, the
tint stone leading to the door.
Now, the vast chasm (Dalles) on the Col
umbia, as the waters turn up on edge and
pour through, seems like a door for the wa
ters to escape. The basaltic walls come up to
this door, to the very brink, smooth and flat,
a fiat stone at the door, The Dalles.
Hence, the beauty of the expression, The
Dalles, or the flat stone at the door. We
hope this name will ever live, and its mean
ing, too.
Des Chutes, a swift, narrow channel, a
shute, or sbutes, the river of shutes. This
river has cut a deep cation, In many places
2,000 feet deep, through the solid basalt. On
looking down, the river looks like a spring
branch. No wonder the old French pioneers
gave it the appropriate name Des Chutes.
Nez Perces. No wonder the Fathers gave
these Indians the name of pierced noses, for
they were quills and other ornaments in their
noses. Hence, the origin of the name Nez
Perces. Many of the original French names
are expressive and beautilul.
(To be continued.)
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
Pursuant to a call, the State Board of Edu
cation met at the Executive Office this morn
ing. Present: Gov. L. F. Grover, Hon. 8. F.
Chadwick and Dr. L. L. Rowland, Superin
tendent of Public Instruction.
It was ordered that the Superintendent of
the Oregon Institute for the Blind be author
ized to make Inquiries as to what mechanical
employments and instruction therein can be
provided for the pupils in said Institution!
and to report the same to the Board.
The salary of Hov. P. 8. Knight, tbe Prin
cipal and rpeaklng teacher of the Oregon
Deaf and Dumb Asylum, was fixed at 800
per annum.
The salary of Mr. John Gray, Financial
Agent o'f the Deaf and Dumb Asylnm, was
fixed at (300 per annum.
The salary of .Mrs. John Gray, Matron of
tbe Deaf-Mute school, was made (SO per
month, Instead of $75.
It was ruled by the B.iard tbattho children
of all legal residents of any district, ate en
'Itledto tbe benefit of tbe School Fund of
that District, whether those children's names
were included in the previous enumeration
of scholars In tbe dre( J nt
Board adjournrd sine die.
Refunded. Mr, E. M. Walte printed last
week for Jones & Patterson 2,000 circulars to
distribute In tbe Ett. These circulars give
a brief and correct statement of the laud in
this vicinity, a weather record for tbe pact
year, and other information relative to the
resources of the central portion of tbe Wil
lamette Valley. A proposition was made to
print 10,000 copies for our citizens to, send
away. Mr. B., Coffey was sent to our busi
ness men to ask for means to print and place
theso circulars where they would do good,
but tbe amount subscribed was so small that
this morning 5Ir. Coff.iy refunded tbe small
amounts he had received, and tho form will
be distributed. Knowing as' we do, the re
turn that these circulars, properly sent out
ont would bring, we cannot but regret the
short slghtedness of our bnaloeas men in
taking so little Interest In tbe tulject of em
igration. A hundred dollars spent In putt
ing these clrcuUr Into tbe Western States
would doubtlm have brought a good many
sturdy emlrnts with considerable capital
tit AM- falsi Inn. I
FROM WASHINGTON COUNTY.
HiLi&noRo, Jan. 7, 1373.
Mr. Editor: Now that the holidays are
over, the people of this county have again
settled down and are viewlDg the practical
side of life, generally. Who ever saw such a
winter as this? is the question asked by ev
ery one you meet. For a week past tbe
weather overhead has been that of mid sum
mer, and the ground, though moist, has pos
sessed sufficient warmth to send forth tho
tender grass and other forms of vegetation.
January 1st the mercury stood at 2t this
morning, the coldest of the season. Farmers
have been plowing uninterruptedly, and
have succeeded In sowlug much more than
is usual at this season. The land .In this
county Is equal to tbe best In the State; the
average yield for the county through Is about
is 30 bushels of wheat, while many farms
will yield 100 bushels of oats to the acre.
Hirxsnono.
This town of 300 inhabitants Is 18 miles
weBt of Portland, on the Oregon Central R.R.
and is In every way holding its own, In spite
of dull times. In point of public edifices this
town Is in advance of any town In tho State,
A 15,O0O Court House, a (3,000 M, E, Cburob
and a (2,500 school bouse are luxuries not en
Joyed by every village. The Methodists have
a rousing Sunday School here and have late
ly purchased a (300 organ; a grand concert is
to come in a short time.
MUSIC COMPARED WITH OTHER ARTS,
WANTS TO BfOW.
Wapmlu), Co., Iowa, )
Deo. 24th. 187. 1
Thomas Daniel,, to T. JU: Oarnn, Salem
uregonviRs will you be ao humble aa to
read these few lines and to answer me a lew
questions by the return mail. First, what ia
tbe average prioe of school land la tbe State
partly timber and clear land, with a running
water on iL Second, to there aay Govern
ment land lobe had is the State. Thirdly,
U there any loeal mines in ope ration around
there, and what dotbey ry for diplopia
(he mines. Fourth, U it poaUbie to trade 160
acres of land in Bailey, couaty, Kansas, lor
tlMsaaaelathatStata.Flaaea ad ate aa
aaswerbyrataramaU. Kacelpiaeflna
'pvusgrsuuL,, XtUt
SECRET ORDERS.
The people here are never wanting for a
place to pass an evening. There are only six
lodges in all: Masons, Odd, Fellows, Good
Templars, Grangers, Golden Rule and Cham
pions. A NEW ORDER. v
Tbe "Independent Order of the Golden
Rule" is a new Society Just started, the de
sign of which Is to elevate the standard of
society; to relieve tbe sick, poor and needy;
to war against intemperance; In short, to ex
emplify by precept and example tho true
meaning of the Oolden Rule "do unto oth
ers as you would have others do unto you."
The Order here Is in a flourishing condition
and applications are coining In dally from
various portions of tbe State for tho organi
zation of other Lodges. Tbe Grand Officers
live here and are zealous laborers in the
cause of temperance. In Ibis Order, drink
ing of cider Is not prohibited, and all obllga
tlons cease when membership ceases; those
two matters will, I think, give the Order
great popularity and usefulness.
A NEW YEAR'S GIFT.
A little over a week ago West Union
Grange, No. 72, donated (50 In aid of the
Kansas sufferers. This amdunt was sent Im
mediately to the State Master, Patrons of
Husbandry, Kansas, with instructions to ap
ply the samo, to a speedy relief of uflgror;(
FOM24T onc-Vtf.
This beautiful aud unique little olty Is sit
uated six miles west of here, and in summer
time is said to be the lovelloat place in Ore
gon. Tbe many splendid oak trees, now
leafless aud bare cause tbe town to look Just
a little ragged at present, but In spring Unit)
when the leaves are out it Is lovely beyond
description. The villagers are, for tbe most
part, well-to do farmers who are1 there to
share the benefits tf the University at that
place.
, VjLCtVlO UNIVERSITY.
This InsMtuUon of learning Is one of the
oldest on tbe coast and is In a very healthy
condition. President Marsh, assisted by a
full corps of excellent teachers, has given
this Institution great popularity. Forest
Grove is decidedly an educational town. It
U void or many evil Influences with which
most other places ere surrounded. No
saloons are tolerated and excitement rarely
ever assumes the form of disorder. The
people live from day to-day, with scarcely a
single actual ill to complain at. Because of
In retirement and quietude it Is in my lodg
ment, tbe most favorable plaee In tbe State
for the acquisition of knswledge. In con
nection with the building there U a large and
wall selected Ubrary of over OOP volumes, to
which tne students have seceu at miutn
hour. The various teachers an persons rif
uuu wi iiuhmuh tuurgugs Knowledge
of their work aad .have tbe confidence and
love of all under their care. J, M. G.
'Imtaixatiok The following officers of
Anniversary Lodge, Odd Fellows, were In
stalled last evening for be ensuing year: 8,
M.Cooke, H. Q.; Win. Morgan, V. O.; T. O.
Bsrker, n. M.; J. A. Bfcr, p. h,; n F
urake,T.; W.J. Polly, W.; A. 8. Haiiiuiy.
C; W. L. Wade, &.H.N.Q.; Henry Suple
ton, L. 8. N. a. Win. Eagland,- B. 8. .V. O.;
Drlrroll, L. 8. V. G, John Knight, I. G.j
.u,aiJiwaaa,t;.i, '
We often bear music called tho universal
language. That may bo true some day.
Civilized music must ultimately triumph
over every other kind of music, because it is
based upon natural principles, and capable
of being universally applied and understood.
But at present to speak of music, ancient and
modern, savage and scientific, as a universal
language, U true only in a llmltod sonso.
There is probably no nation upon earth so
devoid of tonal sensibility as not to be fascin
ated by artlQoial sound, produced with a
view to excite or relieve emotion. If wo like
to term such modloy of sounds tntufc, of
course we are at liberty to do so. The rudest
howl of.the savage, as he dances around his
bonfire, the wildest monody of an Eastern
donkey-driver, or the most exasperating
screech of a Chinese fiddle, Is esseuiUUy a
kind of music. Sound, as an emotional ve
hicle, is universal, In tbe same way that
speech is universal. But If wo mean by iim'
versal tbat every kind of music possesses the
property of being everywhere equally Intel
ligent, tbat Is simply not the case. Tho In
dian v. bo Bits down to yell for two hours arid
beat upon his rawhide tom-tom, may possi
bly soothe the savage mind, but It would
drive a German musician crazy. Tbe music
of the savage is not our music, neither do wo
delight In tbe music of the dark ages. Tbe
monuments, the paintings and literature of
the past are still eloquent. We are still
warmed by tbe rough geniality of Chaucer,
Petrarch and Dante, whose lines are woven
like golden threads into the fabrloof our con
versation and literature; but when wo are
asked to sit down with these anoient worthies
and listen to a little ofthel-muslo, we cannot
pretend to be very anxious to do so. T)r,
Hullab, a celebrated English muslolan, reck
ons the first period of muslo from 370 A. D.
to 1400. But until about 700 A. D muslo
was hardly worthy of tbe name, aud not un
til 1400 was tnat glorious vista opened up at
whose distant extremity sat the crowned
Apollo of modern music, presiding over the
immortal tone-poetry of the sixteenth, sev
enteenth, eighteenth and nineteenth cen
turies. It may seem strange' to some tbat written'
music has been In use for about flfieen hun
dred years, and still so few have exoeled In
the true art. But in taking a rotrosnectlve
view of-the matter we find that rousia has
not been so universally appreciated an some
of the fine arts or sciences. It appears that
tbe groat physical and mathematical soleoceii
have been studied from tlmo Immemorial
and names proud names bavo been enrolled
upon the broad bright scroll of fame while
music bis beou comparatively neglected.
None other of the arts Is so encumbered'
With so many preudlc9l as muslo. Thouuli
Accessible (o almost every human being Us
right position in the family of arts Is under
ated; its true philosophical meaning either
overlooked or not understood at all. About
none of the other arts has so much nonsense
and ridicule beeu written, m music Some
Ignominious snobs scarcely able to distin
guish one tone from another or a Virginia
reel from a Gregorian chant wU not hesifato
to Judge of aud condemn fine musical pro
ductions In a most luJIcloui manner mail
ing music the vehicle of all tbat is good and
bad.
Now, ft l prescribed fjr ittptUc-tl purpuwi;
then It has to serve as a. liieaus tor educating
tho ill-tempered youth, etc. Rut here comes
an eslormed author who does not find any
thing of tbe sort In music who declares tbat
it expresses nothing at all; it Is merely a
combination of sgroeallo sounds tbat tickles,
our nerves more or less, "It does not reflne.fi
bessys, "does not elevate; does not strength-
en "it leaves tbe moral nature untouched-
nay, it has no Intellectual Influence. Muslo
is not an isolated art. It forms a most nec
essary link in the great family of arts. It
origin Is to be looked for at the tame source
as tbat of the other arts. Its Ideal functions
are also tbe same. Art In general conveys
to tbe tense that great mystery, tbe bsutl.
ful. Tbe aye sees it; the ear beam it; the
mind oonotives it; but to penetrate that
charm, which the beautiful exercise over
us U to penetrate the Inconceivable ways of
uou. in sense or the beautiful, 1 that God
like spark which Ute Creator baa placed in
the soul of man. To aay then that it re-
quire more genius to create muter-works
in lone art, mor than in another is a wronir
Mirlnn. Nhsksprro, H"hvn, An!o, and
riildituj. Wml tau pmvu a tiled ouu of these
minds m aa the greauet T
to have n similar Influence within tho spheie
ot civilization, thoro Is a Axed gulf of differ
ence' botween' mnMonndnll other nrts; take1
tor iiihtauco the art of palntinc. The pniut
ers art lips upon the surface of tho world, for
bimtbo fln-ersblonm,lho.sun rlsesaud setk
so tofUy aud slowly that bo has tlmo, to
chronicle overy lint before it has passod
But what has nature done for the musician ?
She has given him sound, but no music. No
where in nature do we hrarsuoh au arrange
ment of consecutive sounds as can bo .called
a musical tbenio or melody. Tlio muoh .
extolled note of tho lark Is only a pleasant1
whtstlo because associated with "tho little
warbler;" tho Bishtloss tougln tliodepib of
the pure sky, etc., but when his trill is ex
actly imitated by blowing n whistle In a
tumbler full of water, no otto cf his own
species cares to listen to It for lis own'swoet
sake. Tho cuckoo Is said to sing a true
third, but he gets but little credit far bis
vocal powers; end wo need not go as far as
Darwin's Oibbon Apo to find an animal that
sings several notes aud occasionally bits an
an octave, for a domestic cat can do the fame.
Poets have thrown dust In the eyei-Jof man
kind wlienovor they have touched upon this
subject, and It U hih tlmo thai, tho truth
should be told. There Is no uiusq in nature,
tiotlher melody, or harmony. Muslo Is tbe
oreatlon of man,"lie slezos the rough plement
of sound and compels it to work his wlll.aurt
is rewarded by discovering in It tho most
perfect medium for the expression of bio
emotions. '
If we have convinced tbe thinking reader
that thero Is reality In muslo we wiif proceed
to give some of the reasons why- itis
not more generally understood. First, the
musical profession has not tint protection: by
law that olhors Lave. A per6n In order to
teach even tbe simplest rudiments of a com
mon education must obtain a certificate, be
must be examined by a competent critic who
marks him down according to his grade.''
Tho teaoher of common schools thru goes
abroad like the mechanic who has obtained
a patent and Is ready for business. But what,
protection has the musclan when an Inferior '
upstart, who can scarcoly give a correct ren
dering of Greenville Is allowed to linug out'. ,
bis sign. The laws of our country protects
him, and in fact It Is not uiifrequnntly tho
case tbat a novice will succeed in humbug--gingthe
peoplo w hero a man of true merit '
would starve. Perhaps some of our musical
readers will consider us an Incompetent orlU
In. and' would siy "Physlrtfati. heal thyself"."
Very good; wo would, giving room to nomti
competent person, arid yvould rattior quit tho,
field In the great art'world" than Ui epjoy a,
puny medlocilty. My sooond reanon for
music not being mora nntvorsally appreciat
ed und understood, h througi negloct of pa
rents. If children wero taught niuM'o whilo
tbeyare jourir, Instead ofcrutnmlng them j
with nonsfiilcal fairy storle, tho' world
would, be better off, oven In tho coming gtu
eratlou, to say nothing of pro-natal inUonctH.
And If teachers of common day schools
werp qualified to teach tbe simple rmllmout
of inusU, it would cnltlvalo a )asto for miisic
nnd develop what talent thoy posscm bt It
muoh or little, aud In a few years a child of
ten year would read an oratorio from tlande!
with as much oaso as thoy ryad a lesson from
their their text books, a. J, .ft'Pit.vw,
Professor of Vocal Music,,
SUPREME C0UK1',
Jainns Tlernan vs. A. II. Brown; oasocall
(vl and set for Monday, January lliih, at 1;30
'-nj-on villi! Itnd Galesylile Boad Oon.'y
.. Doitgla couuly; argumout oouoluu
and .lubinjttej. , , ,
Elfelt, etal,. va IJench; bearlug begun.
Stale vs. O.V. Dqnell, mo'.lon forafllriiianco
of Judgement of court below, with tpn por
cent, damage, continued' by agreement 'f
tbe parti' to ho next tenii.
Htelver vs. Ifonob, this cause occupied ftio
atlen'loit of the conrt during mitlrB sMslnn.
O. O.-R. It. Co'.. Dnollant. vs. W1A Pnttkr
respondent; Jnilgment of the Conrt below
Hiurmmi, uimiion ny Mimtniok,.Ji
W. W. Chapman, appellant; vs. James H.
wuuar, rrajmiiijani arguiHl, c '
Joteph Simon vs. A. II. Brown; case taken .
up.
Sunn Whitley, exsmitrlx appellant vs. I),
H.i Murphy, L. H.Woott, B. Y. Bnrob, N. Ii.
llumplirsys snd ,8tate cf Otegon respon
dents. Hearing begun." ,.
ArrAiKTHD. Governor Grover appointed
Carl Spuhn, Eq,, Honorary Commissioner
of Emigration io reside at Ramangn on the.
Hhlnefor Itlilntsh Prussia,
In;ri Joiinn'it'l 'iir li.Wif,.', f,fnfc
Lynch son of'Kl.za aud johu Lynch, aged 0'
years,
The aim of all art is the same, though
very one of them arrive at it own end by ;- Tko 0X.uUon'.(Iiow (i
dtaerent roads. But notwithstanding all arc J itayed uotu thr mix lost.
.li.nl ?lfrj(if "