' 6
The Milk Business as Carried on in
New England.
Written for the HuatL Pant by 0. II. Dwincllk.
In view of the increasing demand (or fresh
milk to supply our Inrgo towns, the readers o(
the ItciiAL may bo interested, and perhaps
profited, by a dct tiled account ot tho manner
in which No England dtirymtn handlo their
produce, and sond il to market.
During tho summer of 1803 tho writer of Ibis
artlclo spout several weokg on ono of the beat
dairy farm of Litchfield county, Connt-o'.icut,
from which tho milk wbh nont daily to Now
York city by way of tho Ilutisatouio Valley and
Now Yotk and New Haven railroads.
Tho Htock f town numbered iibout 70 bend,
of which from 30 to 10 uoro geueially 111 milk;
aome ( them drying up while others came in
Ircsh. In Ibis way a continual sipply i.f milk
was k cured from one ynr'H end to tlin oihor.
In Hi'lidliu ho dellcnts ii n nttlclo in milk to u
distant market, during tho hot mil Hiiltry
WCft'llCT (if lIlO AlllllltiC CUIHt, lit COIUH'I tllU
groat -Hi cam is needed to pio.uut any taint or
HOUrilOHS.
Mole ol Coiling No Milk.
The tiling next in impjrtnncn to tbii owh in
the milk business, wsb probably tho Hprmg
house. Thin uus a very simple Mtiiotnrv, with
a largo tunk mink in tho grjtind within it,
leaving Ibu uppjr o Igo about level with the
floor of tho Iioiiho. Into thin lank water was
riiiinin Irom a Hpring near by, mid kept at
Hiich it Invul that when u 40 quart milk run was
net on thu bottom it wit covered up to Ihu neck.
Tho milking wits don i in an opuujiird a (
rods distant. As mjoii iih it pitll wits filled it
was brought to tho house and its contents
pound lino ouo ot tli! lurgn cans, being
strained very carefully at the sumo tim.
Tbc strainer was ot the iiHi.al kind n! braHH
soldi ro I Into u kind of funnel, which llttod
neatly into tho nook of tlin can, To muko
cleanliness doubly sure, it piece of cloth was
placed over 'IiIh, mid tho milk ptssid through
both. Winn full (hi can was plied in the
tank, only the neck being uncovered, and c tro bo
inutakeii (list lint milk in It did not stand its biuh
iih the wad r outside. If this last precaution Was
not tikeii, tho portion ol milk itlinvu too level
of the uaiir would bt almost sum to b-coiiio
Huiir, and tui nl tbo rott of the eanfiil.
When the mll'ting wns competed, ninl as
many eitim tilled its p isslble, llio rcHldue ul
milk, II any remained, wits poured into long,
narrow cans, calln I dolors, and also iuumirscd
in the water, In bo used in tilling up runs at thu
next Hliippiug, or if not wauled for that, in tho
family.
Tim milk In thu cans was then stirred until
it became ol lint sum ) tmnpnru'iirn its tlin water
in which it stood, liy moans of a Hurt of long
bundled milk dipper with u hole through the
bottom Tno cans were tin n covered loos-Iy,
to keep out ilusl, but not to exclude thonlr, anil
lelt standing in Ihu w iter until Hont to thu slu
lion. About 3 l'. M. each day Ihu milk was Marled
on its long journey to tlio metropolis. K toll HI
quart can received a Mill I pie-oof led as birge
us it man's two lists, ihu covtrs were llruily
pressed down, tho iuim pluti d ill it covered
spring wngun anil driven rapidly to tlienillroid
Ktation, Ihrt'O liiibH dint nit Tin ro they were
transferred to it n frig rii'cd mdk-oir Htatid ug
on it fiibi Intel., waiting to be picked up by ihu
regular milk tialn mid hauled into New 'York
in tiiiiu In deliver its preoloiiH freight for break
fust next morning.
Whit wai Ilia Result ol all thl Care
Simply this, Thu milk when ilelhorod in
New York was perfectly sweet, ami would keep
louuer than i'iiinllyi;o id milk that watt deliv
ered Iredi from the cow, ami tliisdii tpltoof thu
(net Unit some ol It was .n Hours old. 'I lie
principles observed t gain this very iln-irnble
nsitlt, were cleanliness, driving nil the nnliiial
heat iih nun us possible, ami lliou maintaining
it low t'liiipi'ia'iire.
Large lleturni and Small Expenio.
In this way the New Uugluud farmer otten
sends his milk neatly, if not ipilte, 'JtHI miles,
and receives a gri liter prolUtlmu be would II ho
wirelog fn tlio uprise andlr ulilonl making
butter mid cheese llm wife also Is lellevid
from the do Igcry which attended thu old way
ol earn In (no a dairy. Ol tlin bad i Heels !(
Ibis (oiitlnued drain upon the dairy farms, mid
some mo bs ol avoiding Hum. 1 may speak
nt Home future time.
The milk train which we hiivo mi'iitinntd
stuns dully from l'ittsllcld, Mass., rolls down
the lloiiHa'onUi valley across ('nuui'ctifut to
Itridg'pul mid reaches New York in the early
mnriiiiig. The bu-lncst is conducted by mi as
Hicliiliou of the fanners along Hie route, mid
since its fstiihllshiut lit his added millions of
dollars to Ihu value of their aims. 'I In rail
mad managers permitting, 1 mt no ruisuiis
why. in tlie near future, San Fruiiiisco should
nut draw her milk supply fio.tt the roust range
for U0 miles nntlh mid south, and even lioni
the Sierras.
Farm Blunders.
r'loin lie" I'ai III.' Iliinl 1'ivu J
Km rout I'lii-ci. -In jour cull fur blunder
which have proved of loss to tanners, you have
struck h lead, For otie, mine have hu
nuiiiurous, In it State tike our luuoh hits
been learned by bitter etpfricnce only, but, in
many matters, blunder could bs avoided; such,
for example, us hanging it fresh hide on the
fence to dry in the sun, and afterwards selling
it for DO eta; whereas it would have brought '.
If well dried In the shad,
Hut the bluuder uf blunder o( farmera hat
beau the high rate o( interest paid for th us
of inouey. Much of the money isHtowod from
the bank ou mortgage ou the farm, is now
drawing Interest quarterly, and rveu monthly,
and ul ruinous rates at that,
lVraona have run in debt under the Inipres
iuu that iulore.l would bo cowing down lower
and lower when, of ouurae, laud would go up,
and many of tliein have coma In tho coiuluslon
that they have been making farm blunders,
Now, at "sucoeas it the meaaure of ability,"
let thi elaat walk up meekly, wiak titters at
they tr, and take their bUek mark at tuul
mauagert; ami before a tlreak of luck alrikea
them, let lliem caution the inexperiemvil ones,
who have not yet "put their fool in it."
It it uot alat ptipular to tell the truth, but
it it geut rally proper; aud for I he credit of our
jouug Hiale, let Ut udti beitinueia lo go
lowly ami cautiously, ua nuu uit a uiucu
as
tut
i poattble, and eaiieclally at present rate of
itret. r- ri-uamua ukim.
Santa Olara, 8pt, Ul. 1H71
OiidiMiKTiTio.s or Qtaaa. If adrawiugbc
niklii u isjii onlinary ground glaut with a mil
lure ol bomolo arid, guiu aud wslrr, aud wheu
dry Ihe glata Is' heated to h teiupmture ulu
cltutly LiigU tu melt the borarle acid, the latter
will reuder tin glM ttnpsieul, and thus
the dr swing are tiled. Mtttllio uiidea ma)
lw lulled with tbe Uiracio acid, and Ibnt au)
difcircxl color 'au l- iuipaittol to Ihsilrawiug,
Qood HIALTH
- - -" tjeen foutid who is brave enough to face popular
English Food Adulteration. prcjudlco in the matter ol spectacles and he
writes, in the Boston Journal of ClxmUtry: An
It appears, from the statements of tho New old writer, living before the days of Illuminating
York Herald's London correspondent, that I R.ttB .flnd kerosene, remarks Jf1 "l.
, . i i. . i i ' of the need of tpcctaclcs is a tendency to bless
shipmonts of spurious teal, adullerotod wineH ths man who invented r-naffers." In this age
and spirits, and fraudulent package" of Itoman wo should say that the first sign is to find one
ccmnnU, together with a number of other com- i scolding about the publisher of his dally news
modltles, all more or less adulterat,,,, flud their I Kyo
way to our m trkots. andindistiuct. When a msn or woman reaches
Tot is doctored in order to improve its np- the ago of 45 or CO, it is generally found that
peurance, incroase its bulk, and add to its some aid to natural vision is rcquirtd, The
woluht. For the two last menlionod purposes, discovery of this want is very liable not to he
llnely ground quartz and Iron or sleol tilings ' mado soon enough, and the eyes duller greatly
aro tmjiloyed. Catechu gum, an nntringent inconsequence. There is also a foolish pride
Hiibstauco, i i also usd, but tho favorite ingre- which prevents hodio people from adopting
dlont seems to bo "lie" ta, or old tea leaves f poctacles after tho discovery is made. There
onco used and then workod over. This is is no truth relating to vision moro important,
mixdl with low grades of new tea, and placed and which thereforo tdiould be more clearly
in cylinders under steniu, together with a understood, thin this: that in every case of
quantity of carbonate of mngnosla, Dutch pink, defective tyeslght, whether it tiroceeds from
and Prussian bluo. Tli adulteration with "lie" udvancing ngo or from congenital ctuses or
toa is usually dono in China boforo export, but from nccldcnt, artificial aids should b) resorted
tho ''facing," as tho coloring Is termed, is per- to without delay. The tendency is in all, or
formod by poplo in England who becomo nearly nil cases towards irreparable injury,
skilled In the fraud us it business. Tho dealers when this nld is withheld. It is true, bad or
face tho tea to rendor it black or green, accord- Ill-adapted sptctucles muv nnd do cause injury,
lug to tho desires of customers. Out of nnd so do Improper midlclncs, or injudicious
170,000,000 piiinds of tho commodity nnnutlly food or rcglnnn. If proper caro is used in
amstimcd In Ihiglaud, it Is asserted Hint one selecting glasses, and tho right ones arc oh
fifth, or about 33,000,000 pounds, is open to tallied, they strengthen i-ion, and tho vigor of
suspicion, all tno junctions ol Ilia organs concerncu in me
llrilish wines, according to tho testimony of , phenomena of siht is increased. A child dls
H9cral analysts, nro lurgily adulterated with covored to ba "noir-fighled" should bo
potato Hpirit; shtrry is doctored with sulphuric promptly furnished with appropriate glassts,
ether, and to other liquors fit-sol oil nnd Fiench ' and they uhould bo selected if possible under
tro tele or brandy, which is often nothing iuom tho advice of a compettut medical mau or op
tiiiiu beet root spirit colored nnd flavored, liclan. In tho case of persons who havo pissed
lleer is now comparatively pure, and the main middlo life, as soon as it is noticed thtt the
adulteration is simply wntir. best artitic'nl light is rought, or that letters
in imltur, ollen us inucli us lu jier cent, ot row appureully smaller or less instinct, or
water is found; patents hive recently been that the near point nt which ono can sea dls
obtained for it compound culled "butterlne;" i tinctly is moro than lght indies from tho eye,
and two othor arlillcial mixtures, known ns t the limo for speclaclos has arrived.
"Audralbin" and "Dut.h" butter, have up-
peared in the murkets, Thu Australian HtulT i Kyksanii Comi WTKn. Tho Amtrican Jour
Is b me fat extracted by steaining refuso bonos. I u'tl of Health and Medklue says: JIuuy persons
It sells for 15 edits per pound, nnd sniolls am raining their eyes by opening them In cold
horribly. Dutch butler Is u mixture of genuine water of mornings. Cold water will harden
butler and Americun bird. Tin re is, beside, it and rnughm the hands, oud much moro will it
Kreiich butler, compounded of drippings mid j do ho to thu manifold moro dolicutu covering of
kitchen Htnir colored with iiuuutto. , tli oyo; or tho eyo will, In self-defeii-o, bocome
Corn Hour, u miiti rl il largoly used for food scaly lu the manner of a lldi; that is, tho coats
for children, Is described ns goucrally worthless (,f tho eye thicken, constituting a spocies of cata
and uiiheiilt ly. Thirty-threo out of seven ract, which must imp tir tho sight. That water,
Ibousmd grains, n pound, ono analyst states cold aud hrh us it is, should b) app'ied t ) tho
as the propiitlon of nulritlous matter con- )(j for enrutivo purposes in place of that soft,
taint il, wlieru llioru Hhould bo at least eight or worm, lubricating fluid which nature manufiic
niuii huudrol grains. Tho artlclo is nothing tores for jut such purposes, iudlottes great
morn than starch, it fact proved by tho clrcuui- ihoughtlossiKss or groit mental obliquity. No
stance that ii dog fid upon it died of Htnrvit- tiling stronger than luke-warm water should
lion. evir bo applied to tlio eye, except by special
Oilier well known ndillterntions in bread and I mcilio.il mlvice, and under special medical su
milk aro uuteil; but us theso commodities do ptrvisiou.
nut t'omo under the head of possible exports, .. TT 7. '. T"
.illusion to them Is i.umee.sary. Oukh tt anii Hicai.tii.-1 ho tendency to sc-
' cumulato fat Ih not it siguofgood li'idlh Nr
u, , ,. , of long life either. If n man or woman be
middle Age. above, thu normal weight, nnd tho weight be
rapidly increasing, it is not u fuvorublo condi-
Hern U miiim Ihiglish ndvico as to thu proper lion; since such a porson is quickly making fat,
way lo spend middle life, with it view tosanita- mid may convert tlxsuis whoso integrity is nee
ry requlremeuts: From IS to ns tho rcoiipera. e-isary to life, Into the same nmteriuls. Espe.
live powers Hhould bo encouraged and devel- cially ill such Is there it lend, m'y lo apoplexy,
oped. Thero is nothing like work to keep nil 'fatty degeneration of the arleriesof thu brain
old horse sound. BlHirtiug dogs should bo thin, being ofiun u cuuso of this disease; there is nisi
but obesity will set lu. About thin tlmo man u tcudonoy to fatty degeneration of the inn scu
ll is his llrst herious Illness, or ho gets it heavy lar libers of the heart. lltnilil of llmlth.
fall, loses bis nerve, uud liocoiuea miserable. '
Anxiety ought to Ui staved nir, hope encouraged. A Jiouril without grinders is like it mill with
sordid cares avoided. If u grief oxits, it out n stone. A ilitmoud ii not so precious as
should not be brooded over, but talked out tooth. Don Quixote.
with a friend, gunned, estimated at its worst,
and dianiiised to absorb itjelf. If it man at
this lime it much occupied in out-door sports
hunting, shooting, Ushiug, etc., mid lives
wholesomely and temperately, ho Is pretty auru ;
tu be clear of sedentary disease. Hut he may
probably have to his account it broken rib or
cull ir-bono, tirget it heavy full from his horse.
The last Is often owing to the greater caution
lu ruling produced ny ago mm increase lu
weight; for riding boldly at u feuco, us young
blood does ami light wehditH can. freiniently
saves horse uud man from disaster. For this
reason middle.uged men should uot ride old
horses, Ithetimutlsm, coughs, and inflamma
tory discuses arising from exposure to wet or
cold n iiinu of 15 will hitvu to contend with, but
his Mood will Iki lu good condition for the
Htriigglu. Moderate exp.Miire lo hardships of
this kind, like moderate Irregularity of meal-
times, m vi r harmed mau jet.
t'uiTiiss CnscKiisivii Tin- lUit oe ii,',,,.
OThosT who' nse Tl"a.lHUgr,cn for""
eiteiii.ination of the potato bcetl. should bear
I.. ...i.,,1 that it Ik a ,nn.i .1 .,., ,..?,!
.l...,,ll.. ...,!-.,.. u.,.1 ll,.,. ., I... ,., .. ....I.. i I
Hey (
"la
cannot bo
lest it prove fatal to "larger game," than the
bugs All paeksgesofthisu Hub.tinccH should
ly alHOi
tally if 11
:. . ' , i ; ,"" -I-..-
if he person using it Hhould lw In u stale
rspira ion. lo guard against this, the
s uud face i particularly the nostrilsl
nt pers
hands
should be proUvtml as much us posnitil , and
should bo i irefully washed alter working with
n, or wiiii any ol tno prepuiallons ot wiiieti It
it nil Ingredient. As It penetrates mid poi-ons
wood, gi ta into ihe seam aud crevtetvs of articles
made of metal aud cou into enrtheuware that
is ut all porous, it it Important that all house
hold uteusllt, or anything iu Uirn or stable
t wiiicit came or Horses ooum have access to)
.... r.,ii..i, imwii iiii.iiii. tiie.i' i. jmii slit ep, is u cutaneous eruption, arising from
danger ill Ihe mixing of this green for the o- , nresence ol minute lusects culled iimrf, nnd
no bug. owing to tlio line dust which arises ccasioned, iu thu msjority of casts, by inut.
u the process which is inhaled, and also rap- tention to cleaullnoss. It uppoars iu Ihe form
in wiiicu tno article may nave iircu mlxi'il, or III sneep, are Ideuliotl, and aro causeil liy a
from which it hss bceu used, should be care utrasitlo insect. The same authority states
fully set aside, and never iigulu used for any that Iju wade from hard woihI ashes. ( given
other purpose, Maliutut sores are uot uu-, daily, will work a cure; rubbing with turpeu
frequently cstused by scratohlug ihe skin when line is alto advised, Wehavekuownof scvrr.tl
itching or Irritated from handling the green, eases iu which copperas, dissolved aud mixed
fiWoit .'isrn,io7iontry. with the slop, has ctind the dtseate in pigs
,. ., '""", T. . . when taken early in its appearanco. Ths ki
Don DKNTisTUT.-lt is welt known that the, mi.is doeanot give the amount of lye per day
bite of tabid herbivorous animals arc rarely to bo given. A tablespoonful of copperas may
dangerous, Ivcutiso their tclh ure made flit- U given dally to each tut!, until three spoon'
uee.1, inr gnuilliiK lUeir toot! witUout peintra-
iiiik or ii'itriiiK tue i issues, neucc ineir Pile Is
i tile more than a severe oruise, differing from
mai ui caruivoroua nuiiuti, wnieu pierces
iiutuevliately through the akin. A veleiiuary g0td i ltd well construotedplg-peu-soiuething
surgeon of l'arit, M. llourrel, receutly cap. which it too olteu neglectnf, or not thought of;
ture.1 three mad dOjjt; and, tightly securing for almost every one teem to Ihluk that a por
Iheui.ptocoltdtoilledowulhelceih. These krr is ever a hog," aud may wallow iu the
auluiala h let loota with alt other iIom. The mud. or t exivsf with impunity to frost and
latter were immediately furiously attacked, and heat, to wiow aud atom, to lh burning ray of
fntpieutly bittrn. but in no case did the point- Ue tuu and to rain, to foul air, and tithe iu.
leaa u-ethiuMot mora Uuu a ImuIho. Not con- fluence of mud, dirt and every kind of nattl
teul wiih lids, M llourrel put on thiu, kid , hcni. It it true a pig. at such, hat a very good
glove and then worried the mad dogs with hit ,i robust constitution, aud can sUnd mauy
baud, uulil they bit him several timet. Al
hnmauiuiiaut who are endeavoring to abolish
crUnio acid and the ruux.te. Scientific
.Imrriftin.
.
Till. T.ktii. It Is known that Ihe teeth de
cay more rapidly during ill health than when
well, and Marshall Hall Ixlievts that long con-
tiuued paintul emotMua cause the teeth to de-
cay, as well at the heart to tint,
iiiougli piueniiig nu le nant. the glove wai not i to which any other animal would succumb; but
b'okeu in a iugle iutlance, while the tklu be. nolwithttaudinB. a pig, although only a jU. it
lir.th was iinlujurnl. At lo whether we had lutt as tbankful at anv oih aulmil. .,.! in
better subttitute a city tloi: dentlt for the urea. '!,.... .-.....t.. nn .., i... . ...i .
cut iKiiiud matter, we leave the uue-stion to the l.u in .1..- ..... ..ii ...... ,i-.i ...
WILLAMETTE FARMER
l
The Eyes and Spectacles.
Vfe aro clad to oe that one man at least has
Letter from Kalamazoo, Mich.
From Hi" l'tciflc Ilural I'icm.)
Kiiitoiis IMikss: I send you a few liitcs to
day. Wo aro having very dry wiather now;
yesterday wo had soma very wnriii BOttth and
west winds, nnd com aud garden vegotuhles
'""'"" "") """ '"' " s""
iiriners uro threshing In every direction from
"pf". itn.l wlieat Is turning out very well.
and wheat Is turiiinu out
Many who have had their thre-hing done are
getting 'JO bushels to the acre; wheat brings
about $1. 18 per bushel. Fires have been rag.
iug iu many of tho woods, mid hundreds of
cords of wood aro getting burned up that were
ready for next winter's market Appl
' ,u,mw "' Hm1,1 frl,i'H, -"'' U ft I
if wr" "u110 l'rX- Cherries and ol
Apples, mars,
i koo i crop
other turfy
fruits were belter, its wo had moro rains iu
Juno Ihuu in July and August. Early potatoes
T?"' IT1 "? "u.a !?WS
"'",r"' !' ' "" "" ") " K J "J( more
news about tho seasou now. as It is only in Au-
KUtt yet. HKNIIT 11
it yet. llKNiiv it. Maiiks.
Kitlamizoo, Mich., Aug. lUlh,: 1874.
Manuk in Sw ink. Mange, like the sctb in
uppoars
in nioiciir sores, on cniicrcm pans oi
n, . mVoiiipanitM by a dreadfu
itchiness. Tho best local applieat
Kulphnr ointment, constating of sub
of blotchy sores, ou diflVrcnl parts of the body.
circauiui stale ot
liratiou is the
sulphur ointment, consisting of sublimed snl-
lilinr. Hi no ounces;prep.ird lard, eightouuees
If this should uot be flufllciently powerful, a
drachm of thu common mercurial ointment mvy
be added to every ounce of the former. Inter
nally, from two to four drachms of tho altera
tive powder should be given d illy.
Iuhnkv WoiiM.- The Kuril .Uidiintiin as.
Herts that the kiduev worm in hoes, ami llnle
have wen given, wheu it ahould be ducou-
tiuued for at leas
; least three days.
rio-i'KNs, -Of the greatest importance it a
well-littered tt.ble; and thou d have it. Ex.
Tuk moslern institution of railroad trains
givet ut occa.ion to observe tbe beat devtlotvesl
by ftictioual reautauce iu ths beatlug of the
railroad car axUs, which often Iwcome to hot
that Ihe tlsiue blttet out of thim, setting the
oil packing, and occ donally when not noticed,
may in time set the car iujf on fire.
. ...JH..VHV ..M.H H,',-W. VM..T -l.U .M.IMU...
f llltlMmlil f llflllMt.Md dlin.MnHu mv.tl. ln..tnnlt-
n.-.., ...., w.j, n...., -. v..-. . m...w.. nu..
SHeep Afto Wool.
How to Judge of Wool.
There is perhaps no defect which renders
doI. and oth-rwise good wool too, so absolute -
,i
iy useless for manufacturing, and especially for
combing purposes, ns tenderness or breach!
ness; and it is my conviction thtt this defect is
more general, nnd cinses greater loss to tne
country through tho pockets of our sheep-own-
wool,
ers, ttian nil tne omcr aeieci' iu uu. . .
getber. However fine, or uowover mucu yuui
wool In overv other desirable qnulity may excel,
no sooner Is ft submitted to tho wond rfulty aoute
end skillful examination of the European, wool
.... - . - ,
nA,r,. J..... Iitivar nr tiiflnnfacturer. thAn its
deficiency in this respect is detected, and a price
is bid for it scarcely exceeding that offered for
locks and pieces; in fact, nothing is wanting to
reduce vour fleece lo Ih itclnss, hat the fcolutinn
of continuity which is sure to tako place in tne
coursooftho very first manufacturing process
to which it is Hiilijected. Except, however, pos -
sihly in cists whero neglect or mismanagement
bnvo been tho rule for generations, it is not
hereditary; nor Is any ono breed of sheen moro
liable to it than nuothor. To thso c inclusions
I havo oouie, by renoatcdly flndlug on tntire
Hock nffected with break ono ynr, nnd quite
free from it the next, iu cdiis quenco ol "
ehtnge iu mnnagemeut. On tho wtiolo, it is to
1, f,..r..,l Hint thin defect is Vearlv CaluiUR
ground, nnd I am creditably assured tbnt for
the last two or three years wo h tve produced
. f .1.1- .1..!I. limn u-ja an.
more wool oi iuih tiai;riiiiuu u" -... ...
known before,
Certain it is that wheresjover this mo it on-
jectiouablo tendency roauif sts itsolf, sheer
carelessness, negleLt, imrnnce, overstocking,
inordinately Inrgo paddocks, or scarcity of feed
or watir each or nil will bo found.
When sheep gat into very low condition, the
pores of tho sklu contract, and permit only wool
of a very fine fiber to extrude. When tho feed
once more becomes nbandant, the pores ngnin
expand, and permit the passno of a larger nnd
stronger uoer. in consequence oi mis, iuo -
Iremit os ol tl.o liners nro stroneermin intir
centers, nnd the wool upon the i-lightest strain
snnps nt Ihu weakest placo; namely nt the por
tiou which grew when tV) sheep were in the
lowest c inditioii.
Hut nothing is h 3 sure to cimo a break in
wool, or indeed in many shoop a perfect strip
ping or shedding of thd cntiro fleece, at want of
water.
rueness
or Evenness ot Fle:cc.
It is tnt oulv important thnt wools should be
free from tho defects above described, but it is
desirable that lUo whule or the various parts oi
iho lleeco should liavo as nwirly as poslblo a
uuiformity ut chiructnr; that Is, ns regards fine
uiss, l-ngtho( staple, density and softuiss.
The method of detei mining this quality of
evenness is thus described :
"Alwiys assuming that tho wool to be inspect
ed is really a fine wool, we first examine tho
shoulder id th9 part whoro the finest uud best
wool Is usutlly found. This we tako ns tho
i-t indard, and comp iro it with, iu turn, tbo
wool from tbo ribs, tho thigh, thu rump and
tlio bind r parts; and tho no trer the wool from
these various p irtlons of tho uuiinul approaches I
Iho standard, the bolter. First, we scrutinize '
tlio nneness; anu, it tno result us sausi ictory,
wo pronouueo tho fleece, in respect of fineness.
very 'even'. Next we inquire iuto tbo length
of tho staple; nnd if we find th it tho wool on
tho ribs, thigh unl back approximates reason
ably iu length to that of our standard, wo again
dt claro tbo sheep, ns regards ljugth of Btaple,
"Wo next deslro to satisfy oursolves of the '
density of the tleoce, and we d this by closing
the baud upon a portion of ihe rump, nnd of Another Stitch DnorrsD. Most horsemen
tbo loiu wool, tho lleeco nt those points being have act epted the pedigreo given of Ilysdik's
usually the thinnest nnd most faulty; and it II imbletouiau by Wallace's Trotting Register as
this ng tin give satisfaction we signify the fact truo, so far at lo tst as it relates to tbe maternal
by designating tho wool 'even' us respects nnccstry. That statemout is: 1st dam. Charles
density. Now to summarize theso Bopurate ! Kent, mtro, bylmp.Btdlfonnder; 3 1 dam, One
examinations. If yon find tho fleece ot nearly Eye, by Bishop's Ilambletonian; 3d dim, Bit
equil flutuess from tho shouldor to the thigh;' vcrtall, by Imp. Mcssenaer. But now comes
ofnoarly equnt length at tho shoulder, rib, Dr. Townsond Secly, of Kano county, Illinois
thigh andbick; and of equal density at the (sou of Jonas Seoly, Sr., tbo brcodcr of Silver
Hliouldor and ucross tho loins, you may con- tail), and says that Silvcrbtil was sirtd by a
elude tint you hnvo a nearly pcrftct sheep." I son of Messenger, owned at the time by his
llullelln tisociafion of Wool Manufacturers. brother-in-law and Cousin, Thaddeus Beely,
i nud was out of our black, bald-faced maro they
1'ShUMONii in Siikki'. The lung disorder an
exchange thluks cannot bo easily detected lu
time to save the sheep, oh wheu the case be
comes oonsidorably developed tho luiws havo
become discolored and bejoud recoverj. When
symptoms are discovered oarly 1 1 , drooping
condition, rapid au 1 l.tnored bretthing, watery teudd podigreis" in which "Sllvertail by Imp.
i yes, tie the following treatment is recom- Messenger" figures. It would bo some com
mended: Two ounces of Kpsorn salts, with half I pousation for all ihls if tho Vi. would only tell
an ounce of ginger, giveu at tho first appear- the worshippers of the " great source of all the
auce; bleeding from tbe ear; puro air, careful trolters," what son, or at least whatsortof son.
nursing iu a ury comionauie pen, protection
from sudden changes of temper ituro or cold
mi I damp; Kood. souud food: tntre water: it well
ventilated and not too warm peu or shed, and a
little Hilt and some linseed cake meal giveu fre
quently nud regularly. (M(o Farnier.
ine premium suori-norn cow flora, or ir.
Clkaninu Wool. Mauy of our farmers pay Sprugue's herd, und valued at $1,500, was
but little utteutiou wheu cleaning wool to the kl"e'' lV lu0 clrs at Oakwood on Thursday,
kiud of water used iu the operation; hut it will ' Tue trrtclc repairers, in fixing a culvert, left a
be seen that this ohould always be taken into fence down uud she got ou the track.
consideration. Thus waters containing lime
should be carefully avoided, sinco this con. I All cuttle-breeders should have two pastures
stituent combines with tbo suint, thus forming fr summer grazing, aud change the stock from
mi insoluble soap, which seems to produce ouo l0 tua other frequently.
unpleasant effects in the procesi of dyeing. ' - -...-
For log-wood and red-wood dyes ot like char- Ibok Clad Vessels. The inyention of iron
ncter, the effect nppetrs to be unimportant; but plates to protect vessols it far from being of as
when querdlmu, lutio nnd madder are used recent date as is generally supposed. During
the result is quite differtnt, und is often very the 12th ceutury, the Normaus covered their
deleteiiunt. Bnp8 (raal ,i,8 water-line up with an iron cos-
--- ing, terminatins; iu a ram on the bow. Still
Test or Stkkl. Geo, Edo ssy, iu the Iron rliw thoy had adopted a system of protecting
Aye: Oood tool steel in its hard state ou fracture the upper works witb metal shields. Iu 1C3I
presents a dull, silvery appearance, is more Peter of Arragon ordered his ships to bs iron
cipso u it tnture thau annealed steel, and is (dated, iu order to protect tbem from ths burn
of a uniformly white color with the entire ah- lnK missiles then in common use. In 1530 the
truce of sparkling particles. If aquafortis be squadron of Andrea Doria contained a vessel
applied to the surface of steel previously bright, built by the Knights of St. John, which was
eul, it tuuiedialfly produces n black spot; ' armored with several thicknesses ot iron. At
but if applied to irou the metal remains clean, l the battle of Leptnto, several ships protected
so that it will be quite easy to select such pieces their batteries with bars of iron. For two
of iron or steel which possess the greatest de ceutunes no progress seems to have been
gree of uuiformity, as the smallest vein, either h1- In 178:!, at the siege of Gibraltar, an
of iron or steel, upon the surface, will be dis engineer officer constructed six ships, which
tluguiahed by iu peculiar sign. were tbe types of the modern iron-clad. They
I were covered with an armor of bars wood,
To ascertain if ti-.t . ,i leather and bar-iron. It is said that they re-
):. ?.!l,. ?,moni..c?r'u"r- ePP1 i I land, cold or silver leaf is robbed oa a atone
n ifc mHin. a? ?, """' T' w,m noney ut" reduoed to fine powder,
diluted nil? J Si.i m oli"l0.D' "?mBWhV The silk thred is soaked or boUed in a soln
ItbM Ttiee oTimP. fn fj""" " po1 ,lon - ". after being wash
willbewslLi ;,S,nf: miiDnt?th6C0.pfrr 'tiledin water with which the gold or
wl be deposited upon the iron in a metallic . silver powdar has been mixed. When washed
uirariii inn i-aiuir win ruxn-.v . ta
Cahsuux brawot. Iustead of using flat or
elliptic springs au inveutor utes a otapound
cuivedtpriug coattrncted omehat on tbe
pitncipie of ihe C tpnng, and consisting of two
or tort sprtniis couueit.d together at their .
lower ends ..while the upper ends which diverge
are curved roand and secure! to any con-
venient patt of the carriage framing.
STOCK BrlEDIr8.
Improved and Unimproved Pigs.
Wha' do we mean by an improved breed of
pi9f Usually we mean a breed that has fine
. (, nnj littlo offal. A breed that-Is rery
QUiei BUU will luru IUQ IWU WM .V H..U
and fat. It is a breed that will oat and digest a
stomach full of rich food and assimilate it.
As a rule tho weak spot in alt high-bred pigs is
that their digestivo powers are not ss good as
their assimilating powers. iuey can assimilate
...... ,, -
moro (ooJ tnttn tney can aigest. un me oiner
' our common, coarse, unimproved hogs
. cna U9aaUy eat and digest moro food than thoy
( can a,gimtiate. They nro accustomed to forage
. r i,Amii.ipa. Tlmv have nlentv of exorcise
nuj comparatively littlo food. Now, thon, if
you luko sucu a ureea oi.uugs, uuu uuuinvut iu
push them rapidly forward with rich food, it is
uy ,j10 cxceg 0f matoiial which tho animal is
notb!o to convert iuto flesh and fat.
1 jjy renCjv would bo t) raise a bstterolassof
.,! j 0u'ld raise such pigs as would stand
Jj f4edlug until they were fat enough for
mirket, and then I would dispose of them
( wjtUOut delay. If joutak) pigs that ore not
( nocu,iomej to maturo before tboy aro throo or
font joarsold, nnd endeavor to so feed and
(orc0 them th it they shall be ready for the
ma,jot nt twelve months old or less, whst can
I ,. ),,,, .n Mmlera? On Ihn alher
uanj( u breed that is accustomed, and his been
)or Kcnerations, to mature o-trly can be pushed
.. . ,.,t.i . lut
jorwttru rnpiuiy wimoui injury.
I should expect the best sticcois from pigs
rartej from urg0, hnlthy, common sow, Biroi
, tn0 roaUMi thorjughbro 1 boar, of n breed
, jatinguishcd for its gentleness, fluen-ss of
t0Wt me 0ffal, early intturity and fattening
qualities. The mother would furnl-h tho dt-
"gBtlvepowors, nnd tho slro tho nssimiluting
l0Wcr8, Those qualttloi, combined with o trly
mnnuity, flnoness of bone, and high qualities
of mo.it, would uivo you precisely whit ft good
(ecjor wfluts. J. lUrrU.
Selecting Stock.
Tho loica Stock Journal, speaking of the
sublect of selectius stock for breeding purposes.
ka.vs vry truly:
in tho time ol iiaxoweil, tue sncop uroeuers
wero accustomed to solect their breeding rams
by n curl of the horn or tho color ot tho nose.
Sheep breeders laugh now at the idol, and do
uot realizo tho innovation thnt Hake well made
when ho discharged these arbitrary signs, and
declaring mutton to bo the chief oud of sheep,
aimed ut that alouo.
Vet to-day tho purchnsors of 'Jersey cattle
select just as ubturdly us did the shepherds
about Dishloy a huudred years ago, when,
iustead of selecting cows for their yield of
butter, they pay great attention to color. The
purchiser, instead of askiug to boo tho results
of a week's churning, cxnmiucs the tongue. If
tho color is satisfactory, the cow is a treasure.
Xothingmoro absurd than this can bo imagined
nnd the uutur.il couseqnenca will bo that the
Jcrsoy breeder will ralsa one stjle of cows for
thotusolvos, and another for tho foreign de
nt ma. This is Bald to ho already tuo case.
The intelligence of tho 19th century in stock
brooding seems to uo or u very lo.v nature,
The farmer who chooses a 1) jrkshlro is ciro-
ful to get the color tight, whother the firm and
fattening qualities exist or not, und at Short
horn sties the fashionable red color is more
looked for than good points. The whole f irm
irw community need to think more closely, and
keep tho object of broeding more steadily in
view.
called "Old Jin." Thus it is stated by a writer
iu the 7ir. Field and Farm, of tho 31st ult.
Dr. Town lend Secly is a gentleman ot some 81
summers, with a cleir recollection of facts, and
his testimony, which is uuimpoaohable, will
radically attect tne symmetry of tbo many "ex-
ul imponeu messenger, siren tne graud-aam
' ltysdik's Ilambletonian. We aro dying to
know. JYutrie Kirmer.
Dkatii op a Fine Suobt-iio'un Cow. A tele
graphic despatch from Ues Moiues, Iowa, says:
aud dried, it will be found coated with fine
lAVr nf r-rlit rr .tlA- wIiIaI- -) aidii Kak nol
isned in the usual manuer.
,
Minkbal Oil may bo detected by iu proper-
ty of imparting a flouroence to animal or
vegetable oils, and by iu aromaUo odor In
burning The pretence of resin may be aa-
ccruined by its giving a deeper color with ed-
trie acid than that Riven by the pure oil.
-Ai