Willamette farmer., September 18, 1874, Page 6, Image 6

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WILLAMETTE FARMER.
(fllSCILLJtfllOlJf.
Agricultural Absurdities.
From the Psclfle Rarl Press,
Notwithstanding the Innumerable failures
that are eontluually oceutring on farms and la
orchard! and gardens, people will still peraiat
in believing that In agriculture everything la
sensible, aober and practical. They aeem to
think that common aenae la the inseparable
shadow of agrionltnre. It may Mem cruel in
us to endeavor to diapel thli delusion espeo
lally at tbla time, wbon agricultural oralora are
preparing tbeir addresses for annual fairs; for
these are notbiug if not rigidly aenalble.
But It is acknowledged by practical people
that quite as muoh is learned by the falluros in
life as by lis sucotsses. If tboso who roport
their successor through the press and In farm
era' clubs, would reoord tho failures In tholr
agricultural career, it would pojslbly do as
muoh good, and would certainly establish an
inexhaustible fund of amuaemont, for Folly
haa a country as well aa a city resldenoe, and
divides her time about equally between the
two. Let us follow her to her rural retreat and
report some of her "earnings on" there.
The ear of society haa been dinned with con
febBlons of crime. The taste for auob recitals
may bo rnokod among thoae demands that are
bound to produce a supply; and the sort of
dramatic Interest which they create is a pre
mium which has drawn out confessions of crimos
that were not aommltted, and Induced a hid
eous over-coloring of criminality. Probably at
the last day, whin all crimos aro uneartbod,
tho number of fictitious confessions will out
number the crimes that wore hidden from mor
tal kon. Hut there baa never boon any pre
mium on the confession of follies; consequently
the resources of tbls vast field remain unde
veloped. The unooufosscd folllos of city life
have beou ferreted out by detective satirists,
though rural follies have hitherto boon par
tially exompt from rldiculo; but tholr time Is
coming. Tho failures that attend professional,
mechanical and commurciul efforts am dulv
accounted for; and often, too often, cotuinoutod
on In uu unfeeling manner. Blinllar failures
iu agrieultural efforts and we venture tbe as
sortion that they aro proportionately aa nu
merous and a repreheuaibla as those of city
life uro scarcely notlcod; or, if uoticod at all,
they aro attributed to natural causos. Thus
the ill winds that are supposed to blight the
farmer's crops preserve his roputatlou.
Wo do not propose, howovor, to disoloto tho
solemnities of theso hlddou secrets J but it will
do no harm to exhume some of tbe abiurditlo
of agricultural life; and, as ovidenoo that wo
lav no claim to infallibility, we will oommonoe
with an uxposuru of n littlo porsoual experience
of an absurd oharaotor.
Whin Ihu cuiculio first canio to Ventral Now
York, uud bogmi to stick Its nose Into othor
people's plums, wu were iu possession of a good
fruit garden, tho plum trees being Hpotiil
favorites. Our lino rnu-nluiuH. Meeker, i-reim.
sagos ami ilauiaoua wont the way of all plums.
That was it long time ago, about UU years; but
Ihero was a good den! of agricultural nenseuso
allout through the pjiwrs, oven as far baok aa
mat remote perioa. wit n iva seen a statement
ot the observations of some ono who declared
that Inatiiiot tauubt tho ouroullo to dunnsit its
eggs iu blossoms hanglug iu suoh spots that
when tho poiaoned fruit fell from tho tree it
would fall "on good ground;" wherein tho
worm, wlim it toll Its homo in the pit of the
fallen plum, could find u proper abiding place
mini it nuuuiii iaaa id iiseu wiugs ami Hy
away. It was stated that in cases where por
tions of Iroos had hung over water, or over
paved, boarded or graveled sidewalks, tbe fruit
was never injured by the ouroullo.
Tho practical suggestion founded on these
observations was, that the owners of plum trees
should construct pavements or platforms of
somo kind under their trvos, In order that the
ombryo ouroullo would have no hope of roiur
ruction, if it should fall tborccu. Doing, even
lu those days, rather progressive, we at once
adopted tho plan, uud ooaiuieiioed operations
uocordlugly on two of gur favorite trees. We
eicututod the top-soil to the thlckuras of a
brick, uud, determined to be thorough in the
matter, wu ixtouded the excavation to the
uttermost (uda of tho lateral branchos of the
irre. i ueu wu paveil Ibo whole of tbls space
with good, bard brioks; making a tight, neat
job of it.
Well, what was the result ? Why, tbe our
culio paid no attention to it. The blaokelttd
plums fell to the pavtuieut from thou trees
ipjveUely as ibey fell to the gruuud from the
others. We had misunderstood, or gieatly
. ovix-ostlmatud, the iustiuot of the curculio. It
oiuvwuai uwsoutM our fsith in those souil
sacred matters, and created a sort of oyuioal
habit of observation whioh has resulted lu the
detection of a good uiauy white Ilea coucornlug
animal Instinct. Tho iiavmn.mt ., .lln.Jl
TM QrMt Industrial Exhibit.. n.
From th raelflo Boral Press J
The fair is now nearly under full headway.
If the mochanloal exhibitors here had exhib
ited a little of the promptness ot the mechanlo
who constructed the pavilion, It would have
been much better for the exhibition. He as
tonished the natives by coming in one week
ahead of time; whereas, many of the exhibitors
created some little astonishment by not coming
in nntil a week's time of the exhibition had
passed. But, thanks to the merits of the arti
cles already offered, and to an entbuslaatio but
patient publio, tho fair is already in the full
tide of success.
It oonld not be otherwise; for there is a spirit
prevailing here that will onsure success. Those
who are slightly oynloal doolaro that a large
portion of tbe visitors to the fair go there to
se9 and be seen. Our ronders have probably , nnd direct their aims, and, while enabling them
I 1 ll.f- .!- l.i . -. . , .' I 1 ... .... it 1. .11 1.11111.U. ...J . .
uoaru mis nccusaiiou ouore, as appueu 10 w """J1 uuir uibnuuiubs nuu Yituuftv,
church-going and olh-jr commondablo habits. ' ohall not sutler them to march undor thoso
The Fair as an Educator and Elevator.
from the Psciflo Boral Press.
One of the most important and suggestlv
paragraphs in the excellent opening speech,
pronounced on Tuesday by Col. Barnes, was
his reference to the present social and political
status of the farmer and mechanlo so changed
from what it has been in years gone by. In
alluding to the fact of the present great upris
ing among the industrial classes throughout
the country, he remarked that, "the coming
years will see destroyed whatever they deem
hostile to their material interest and established
by their consenting judgment, whatever may
seem for their advancement. That state
will be the wisest, safest, and happiest which
gives to them such knowledge of the real prin
ciples of economio and mechanical science as
shall guldo, if it cannot control, their policy
It is one of the bores of this life: and nrobablv
in the life to come tho sour cynlo will inflict
upon us his stereotype joke, declaring that
people go to heaven "just to see and be seen."
But we claim that aside from the beautiful and
meritorious articles that are declared to be on
exhibition at the great pavilion, the thousands
of visitors who throng its spacious floors dally
and eveningly, are of themselves -Ight well
worth going to noo. Wo havo given in a tormor
number of tho Fbkss a description of tho inte
rior of the pavilion as it camo from tho hands
early inspirations of uneducated liberty to nn
uncortaln and ruinous goal." Oneot thomo-t
effectual means of thus controlling this nowly
developed element, and directing Into healthy
and legitimate channels the growing power of
tho industrial classes, is just such exhibi
tions as that which has now been inaugurated
in this city. From tho commencement of the
Industrial exhibition epoch tho profound sign!
flo.nce and value of such exhibitions havo
como to be moro and moro realized by both
peoples and governments everywhere. Their
of the contractor. Now we havo in tho center i benoficent Influences are many and wide-spread;
of tbe flint floor a basin of about 40 feet diarn. they advance human knowledgo in every di
eter, filled nearly to the level of tbe floor with rection, and moro than anything elso sorvo to
bright, clear water, In the ronter of this U a bring together, in friendly counsel and social
cluster of rocks, and from these rocks a foun
tain throws a let of water to the biuht of 00
feet nearly up to the beams of the great arch.
In the waters of the bailn are a pair of seu
lions, who aro probably thoro lust to see and
ue seen
meutal
converse, tbe heretofore too much antsgonisod
elomonts of capital and labor. Through the
universal language or tbe products of labor,
tho artisans of various sections hold communi
cation, not onlr with each other, but as well.
The wholo is surrounded bv nn orno-1 also, with that class of the community which
rawing, oiusiuo oi wnicu ft milnclent moro especially represents ine moueyca inter'
Exporting Fresh Fruit.
(From th PadBO Boral Press.
The matter of disposing of our surplus fruit
is one to which the Paxss has given a good deal
of attention, as its readers well know, and It
is with extreme satisfaction that we observe
evidences of this Important business expand
ing and taking a systematic form. We see by
the Grass Valley Union that some of the apple
growers of that place ono of the best apple
districts In the State are preparing to extend
tho business inaugurated last year, of sending
apples to Nevada. Other movements in the
trade of a semi-homelike character are noticed,
But it Is upon the overland fruit trade that
our principal reliance is placed. We gave last
week an encouraging report on this subject,
fnmiatiasl it. Iiv ntrtfaa In New York. The fol
lowing extract from tbe New York 7Houn, of
the Uth Inst., will be of interest as a descrip
tion of tbe method of
Overland Transportation.
"The rapidity with whioh fruit can now be
transported: across the continent from Califor
nia to this city, and the splendid condition In
which it arrives in this market, has created for
it a trado that is not only worthy of note, but
it is to some extent surprising. The fruit,
which at tho present time consists of Bartlett
tioars. German prunes and Dlums. is first very
carefully picked, and then turnod over to the
paokers. It is next sorted with great care, and
thoso which may be overripe, or in the slight
est desreo damaged, are picked out and laid
aside for borne use. During this process the
ii-j .
A Laboratory Experiment, and What
Came sf it
Sir Humphrey Davy, profiting by the results
ot Lavoisier's experiments, investigated the
nature of flame, and communloatod the results
of his study to a large audience gathered to
hear him. Among other things ha .demon
strate that It was possible to produce a flute
whioh, at a very -bigh temperature. oonUlned
either free oxygen or nnbumt carbon; that a
large grate, with a limited supply of fuel,
wonld generate the former, while a small grate,
abundantly supplied with fuel, would give a
flame devoid of oxygen, but in which combus
tible substances might be melted without fear
of consuming them. Probably many of his
hearers thought that while this disoovery was
very interesting, it was of small practical im
portance, and not worth the trouble of finding
it out not so all of them. In the audience
was a young man named Cort, for whom these
remarks had an especial Interest. Up to that
time the conversion of cast iron into malleable
iron was effectod by molting the pig metal with
charcoal, and exposing it to a blast of-air. By
this process only small quantities were pro
duced at a time, and the iron thus made was
costly, oven in tho days of cheap charcoal. It
was impossible to obtain the same results by
the use of mineral coal, as the sulphur it oon
Ulned would render the iron unfit for use. So
the problem of chesp and abundant wrousht
iron remained unsolved until Cort. from the
fruit has to Ik vrv .full- i
facts presented by Davy in his lecture, caught
tbe idea of deoaroonlrJng pig iron by allowing
the flame to ply upon it without bringing the
number of chairs aro placed to sent tho thren . ot. tho relations between which nnd labor
or four hundred pooplo who aro continually at- constitute tho great and vital problom of tbe
tractod thither. Iu all other parts ot the well day. Ily tho friendly greetings and words In
lighted building thousands ol visitors are ex-1 toruhaugod on tho common platform of the ex
amining nrtlcloi on exhibition, gaily prouie-, hlbltlou room, ancient prejudices are broken
unumg, ur uiiiiuK a momentary rost in mo "own , unincnuiy class eicmonts aro ira
chairs tbat are provided Iu dilTbront parts of tbe tcrulzcd ; gonorout rivalrios In the peaceful
building. Then wo bavu tho uiusio of tho or- fiold of industry aro oxcltod, and a belter un
cheatra to oullven this brilliant scene; and ! derstanding is fostered between labor and
taking all theso incidental attractions, as we capit L
said, aside from tho exhibition proper, we have ' It Is gratifying to noto tho incroased intorcst
a display which is well worth ft visit from any ' which all portions of tho community aro tok
ono. Ing in theso exhibitions, planned moro espec-
Tbose who are desirous of seeing to tho host i illy in tho Interests of tho miss of tho people,
advantogo tho most Interesting classes of Call- Tlmy cannot bo otherwise than largely pro
fornia productions; Its beautiful women, Us mottvo ot both tho material nnd moral wcllaro
good looking and woll doported mon, its prom- of tho community, whilo they servo to givo a
(slug children and the free and pleasing man- moro just appreciation of the truo dignity of
tiers and gonoral good naturo whioh charactor- labor, and Its paramount claims on tho consld
ixo its people, will flud au exhibit of theso oration of all as tho sole basis of national
articles here fully up to tho standard of tho wealth mid powor.
Industrial features of thp fair. Wo havo visited ' It is largely to the influence of theso cxhibl
tbe fair on several occasions on one of whioh , tlous, which have become so popu'ur In this
the attendanco was estimated at 10,000 persons; city, that our people havo boon educated up to
and wo havo uot seen an lnstauon of llt-mauuors, sp fully sso tho uoed of n great Industrial school
ot offensive suobblahness, or of unoomfortablo of art iu our midst, and the gnitiflcatiou of
uiuwuiuK, iuu uuiy noucoaoie auojeot or com- wnicn latuiaDie wisn oss recently boon so fully
plaint is just a little of "tho insolence of office" . placed within our reach by tho timely and run
on the part of subordinate offloors of the fair. I nlflcont bequest of bur distinguished fellow
This will undoubtedly wear off as they beeome I citizen, James Lick. Lot us hope, with the
more accustomed to tbo excr.lso of authority, orator of Tucaday, that tho foundation thus laid
One of our dty contouiporarles vory properly ' will bo lmllded on and strengthened until it
advises the managers to take down tho notloes, shall givo to our own State, at lea-d, n race of
"beware of pickpockets," which are hung ' skillf nl, theoretical and practical mechanics,
around in various places iu the l'avilion, I whoso labors shall bring honor and profit to
We would suggest au improvement on this; tho land of tholr birth.
they should endeavor to take from tho do-
tooanor of tholr subordl gates tho air which Take the BOVS Around
Implies tbat thoso vigilant officers couslder tho , Hrouno'
gonerautyor tne male visitors as hoodlums,
aim iook upon most or tbe ladies present as
social evils. This is to bo expectod from tho
iu remain auoui tlui irtxs a long term of years.
I artles hud pukllotwl when it was placed there
that ft would kill tho trees; but they wore
mistaken tho trees grew ami bore their ago as
well us any in tuu L-.ir.lNii Tl.l.. i... 11 r-...
, . , , O ---.. MOW .VM . W
uu..o iuu uaoiM vi trrea lu Ibis respiot; aud
wu itau MiBd to tho conclusion tbat trees n-
leivo very nine iiotltuiimuut from tbe surface
soil, though tho growth of anything olsu there
I Injurious to tboui. Where tho roots go,
heru the true gels its sustenance. Wo seo lr a
of tho most luxuriant foliage, of rapid aud on
during giowth, Miiuduig lu oily thorough
farts with mi bare' earth within many rods,
the V.I10I0 surface' belug covered, to tho very
trunk, with bricks or with (lag oroobblo stones.
Wo ylllgle hereafter other agricultural absur
dities our own experience nnd observations;
aud heiukollcitthocoupemtlouofour doludtd
or blundering brother ot the spadu aud plow.
Tnsrl)(iusT Wmj. im nn, Wou. At
about 3d rullm Iroiu Uotlln is altuatad tlio vil
lage of Spureiibcrg, noted, for tho deepest will
that has uur ,breu sunk. 1 0iuu totbeiirtt
vliroot KSIxuni in thrV-looahtv. with-it 1. at h
luoderate.dlstanee Iruin the capital, It oocurred
to the government authorities of the mines to
obtain a supply of rook salt.-. With this eud iu
view Ibr ui..li.. . .1.. uh.h'n. w.11 1,1 .., 1..
. -- c...4 vi Mn. w. ...... ... iovi ,,,
Jiau-.eicr was ooniuiunoed soma five years ago,
r.d at a depth of U$0 feet tho sal was reached.
Tho boring was coutlnued to tho fuither depth
of t'00 fret, the diameter of the bore being re
duced to about 13 luchrs. Tbe operations
were subsequently prosecuted by the aid of
sUutu until a depth of 4,101 feet was attained.
At this point the boriug waa diaooutiuued, thu
Wrt r being still lu Ihu salt depotits, which thus
eihlbit the eiiormotu tblokueaa ot 'J.W7 feet.
Tiik survey of a narrow-gauge railroad route
from Nevada city to Colfax lias boeu completed,
aud the report of the eugiueer submitted, llo
makes' the dist suce between the Uo polut 3'J
and thre e-uulha niilaa. The cost of construct
ion U estimated at flll.lN.5C. A resolution
has been passed by the Board of Directors not
to commsuce ihe work until 9900,000 of the
capital stock haa beeu taken, and iu Ihe event
that II is nut all taken wjtblu a few wetks, the
charter be thrown up, Only 170,000 remains
to be taken to complete this amount, Kt Do
rado lUfiullloan.
Pnronts should uot neglect tli9 opportunity
which a Fair like the present affords of picas-
ontsldo police; It Is a groat peniuinlto to their ' n,mv Interesting children in mechanical cou-
omoe; uui realty tlio remouy tor theso ills is trivauccs. A innltitudo of machines are boro
B1Xrdbr operation, wh the advantage of
approach the subject with fear and trembling; "'IBB ruoiowil from all that, in their usual
uot beiuu musioaflv odtirnti.,1. Kiln 11... .,i.,i. working, makes them disagreeable to visit.
tilted lu the musical art know what thoy like Tm' K"iue of the factory Is left behind, while
and probably enjoy it when it is condescend! ."'" "u'chino puts Its Itcst foot foremost, nnd
Ingly given tbem, quite ns exquisitely us do tbo ho wrtueof working quite as faithfully on
favorml fiivr. Niti. ilm r..ai .,......., ..:..n... its holiday as at onv other limn.
atthe fair, who may justly be considered out- , Is ery easy to get boys into nn Inquiring
sido barbarians in regard to the world of writ-1 frt,u? P' wind, by sauntering with them among
..... ...-!. fttf . ........ 11... nlili.Al. ah ..lilLIllnM .....I ..t.ll.!. ...... .....
ini music, lire willing 10 admit tuat the mem- , --jvv uu .-uiumuu, luiu cimiiur are,
bers of the orohestra there aro masters of their of co,lrioi t,n'y t B'd to auswer questions.
art; but thoy would like to havo thu orcbostrat V10 ut'Plorable ignoranco of tho simplest me-
whllo it Is tllllug its bill of paiufully difficult cliauii'' " by tho disclosed queries of oth-
Eleoes, lint Intersperse a little uiusio. Visitors "J"'?0 Wt" educated mon, shows how grossly
oped that when the orchestra stand was low- r ""puhinl branoh of knowledge is generally
eretl last week its ocoup.uils would lower their "''H101''11'- California is destined to Iks among
stylo of musio accordingly; but Ihey were J'10 """itifacturing States, and tho value that a
doomed to disappointment. knowledgo of machinery will be to nn ambi-
llyaspeoial aureement belweon the orrlms. ius young man, cannot Im easily exaggerated.
tra aud the fountain, when the former boglus ," " u"l,0 therefore, that fathers, even at tho
to play Ihe latter At 01100 censes playing. At ' ' ot l"1"" and inclination, will devoto 1111
the premonitory boat of thu drum, thu fouulslu occasional hour or two, showing tho youngsters
"hides its diminished head;" and nl the close "found among the machines. It may awaken
of the severe labors of tho musicians iu going nn n,rrit that will add much to the pleasuro
through the lutrlcacles of hoiuo diilUult pitve, "d profit of tlie Uvea of their sons.
Ihe fountain breaks forth with a leap of ninety
feet iu hltbt; tho water isladtleuiiiu ihu musical ltKrnxsiNTATlvx. Token as a whole tho
aa wall as nlhnr snua if Hi -l-H..- I, ..... nresont i air is a showlnc of the Intent -.III
falls back among tho rocks from w lieuco it '"iluntry and taste of the Stato witli which abo
springs. I has every reason to be gratlfiotl. Tho design
M'e have spoken of the Exposition thus far '"' "'"king It thoroughly ropresenlathe of Cnli
as a whole, merely. Visitors generally iew it '"fuia indastry is being well carried out. Those
iu this light; and as wo wish to let our di.taut '10 1"n" wnlcluM tho succes-ho exhibitions of
reader know what sort of a placo uu are t iking " Himilar character in Ibis city, remark tho great
them to when wu dcscrilm the article exhib- aiqioiiorily of tho present Fair nud all its pre
itud, wo havo defined our special descriptions defensors in thu matter of prominence of home
until our next issue. o or foroigu industry. This fouturu is oue that
- has grov. 11 steadily siuco the first exhibition,
nun gives me wi possinie evitienco 01 me pro
pess tho Stato is making iu industrial pursuits.
The degroe of advancement reached, aa evi
denced by tho exhibition, is exceedingly hope
ful, and will certainly stimulate our people to
still grealor energy iu their respective Indus.
1 .!.... fll.l.. 1.1. 1. 1 ....
una e.uiuiuon proves tuat 111 not ft lew
Ascxmt or Mount Siuhta JUuuKtBL
Ficat. A part) of tourists who lately amended
Mount ShasU perforiuotl a feat which has uot
often, if, - liidotd, ever been before accom
plished. They made Ihu trip from thecaioniut.'.
ground to Ihe highest Miuiuut of the mountain. 1 tiles.
cam back to thu cutul Ing-grouud, .mid went brunches wtilmvn fnliv ciiinM .. um, .,,..,..
from t heuce do v. 11 to SUsou's house nil in out. ,if the older communities of tho Eastern States.
day. lheauiouut of climbing and fatlguu in.
volvod In 'sncli iC trip ran only bo appreciated p.,.. n... ..,.1 i...... 1 n ,
by those who have Ucnled cthusts. Ph. moal , JZL '"llWJ"l(!
reinarkalila lenturo of thu matter waa that fonrlwrk7nnVl7 The ,m7,tli on f Vr, 1", "".tVK
NeSofVhuftS
tourlsu havu made the trln tu ami asi..n.lMi nd..,?.?!?"BW?. No doo. can oxlst that,
Mount Shasta tbls wr. T ,., I,V 7. T" wue" ""' . " ' 00 made result'
mouutaiu is unsuriiasked.
.....i ... . ...... .'.-
aiinicuve, nun neauiuni in uallloruta.
full ot aanie aud thu mora
mento, Ihu Tit aud McClou
" (.. . .11 .i..iu 1. 1 w..v. ".:":'
v. uv.uu iu uvw, siivmci uiiruresare
,. .. susceptible of treatment or not. H'Aii ifiw
HxiaoN YtiiTV Mlrous oxide causes people -YttM.
to laugh who inhale it, because it introduces I
luto the body more oxxgeu than cau be cou- Whs tinned aheetirou technically termed
sumed. It therefor deranges the uervous ays- tiu plate is washed over with a mixture ot
Um, aud, being a powerful stimulant, gives an three parts of hydroehlorio acid and one part
unnatural activity to the uervous centers and tot nltrto add, diluted with threo paru of water,
brain. This dsrangtuient '.usoally exhibit and then cleansed with pure' water, there will
itself In a pleasurable excitement to thoae who be obseiyed a peculiar somewhat mother-of-iuhal
It causing them to be merry, almost to pearl-like appearaaoe, due to the crystalline
iuaaulty. It has therefore beeu oalled laughing panicle of tin, prodnoed by the rapid cooling
gas. i7i fruoaUf, , reflecting th light unequally.
ai ihL SLin ( ?J?, i.n . wo.1 wmpleU and perfect success.
around it Is one of tno wuVt thickly wooTQ: 1 .Vi ,'.' mU,Cnfut?n!?' L. !??
"th., m" .V,i" Pr articles, and aasures us that what is being"
loud) ire lull or og ""pen" oneway or the
-touil) aru lull of olnert ,ml n a,,nioriitrte( beyond a doubt, a
metal into contaot with tho ooal. Profitina bv
tbe idea he devised tho puddling furnaoe.
Tbls invention savo us iron at a price which
3 rendered possible its use in large quantities
as a material of construction, and as a conse
quence wa have railroads spanning continents,
and radiating in vast and complex systems
from tbe centers of trade. Where would be
our modorn systems of rapid and cheap trans
, portation if wo had not the rails ? Where the
1 rails if we had not the puddling furnace ?
Where tho puddling furnace if we had no
' knowledge of the naturo and properties of
flamo? Whonco that knowledge had the ele
ment oxygen remained unknown ? Thus we
tracoback through tho principal ovents which
mark the stages of its development, ono line of
progreis beginning with Dr. Priestly'a experi
ment with a handful of red oxide of mercury,
nnd ending in the greatest triumphs. of engin
eering, which were alone rendered possible by
our knowledge of how to produce iron in any
quantity noedod at a cost whioh haa' enabled us
within thirty years to build nnd equip 70,000
miles of railroad. With those facia in mind
we can appreciate the justlco of the gentle pro
test enrorod by tbe groat Tyndall at tbo oloae of
his series of lectures in this city, against the
so-called practical spirit of tbe age, which
meets tho scientific investigator at every step
with tho question, Of what benefit aro your
discoveries? Tho question cannot be an
swered, for the benefits of every discovery are
incalculable. Instead of thus discouraging act
entlfle progress, let ns rathor enooursge ft , by
every moans in our power, and honor those
who discover nature's hidden seorett for the
good which, though we cannot estimate it in
advance, must certainly result to mankind from
any contribution to the sum of human knowl
edge, however small and unimportant it may
soem. Iron Apt.
Revival of a Foolish Practice.
From th Peelflo Sural Fress.
In our agricultural exchanges a good many
articles are given "about these days," on the
subject of scalding milk beforo sotting for
croam. The writers of those ariiclos treat tbe
subject as though it wero a novelty; when .tho
process was in uso before the parties now re
commending it over tasted milk. We shall not
ittempt to trace the record of this foolish
practice boyond the limits of our porsonsl re
.ollectlons, but will stato here that we practised
it in our own littlo dairy 30 years ago. We
gave it a thorough trial and discarded it.
Only two points can possibly be gained by
scalding milk. The cream rises much sooner
thereby avoiding the necessity of skimming
putrid milk during hot sultry woather and in
churning tho butter "comes" quioker than
with oream not scalded: thus saving time and
labor in this irksomo task. But these two
points are gained at a sacrifice which will not
Justify the practice, It is impossible to make
as good butter from scalded cream as from
that whioh has been set in tbe usual way, W
may escape tbe punishment of really bad
butter, but we cannot pass through scalded
cream into the blissful regions of pood butter;
we can ouly have a mediocro article. A late
number of onn of our oxobangos warms up con
siderably on tbe subject of scalded milk. The
writer goes into oostacles over "Uncle Ben's,"
which was supposed to be made by some secret
charm, But it somehow leaked out tbe
secret, not tbe butter that Undo Ben scalded
bia milk before setting. After the wriUr has
divulgod this importaut secret ho settles back
Into an abhorrence of butter that is not thus
ried by fire, and even quotes a little blank
erao extremely blank to express his disgust.
Now this is all "put on;" for there never was
any butter made from scalded milk that de-
ntgiier tnan In Ihe
.r ,
ytititvitln I- i....i !.- : j7.i"L" -. I . " ,u '"" 'i"K iiuio-ituu muur m onura-
there is .nnar.ntl. 11,.. JL. '"STV .S I ,D(fl W0 Can 0UV M? Uiat n0 Bood dairyman
vn,A.!?.Er wU1 tot ,hl ,rfeu8 inducement loweF his
l? .1 sirZii ,uf'liam"-t'n J be o road, butter a grade in,tho.soaloof qualities- Be-
fr, Si.r.'S ftL,.Cry?,n"raWe, c,on.dit on , M"' if -the labor of 'scalding Beconsidered.
tS i'bIMl',.r dlam,0Dd factotie?' wi e found to ven- nearly offset that saved
unoiS in churning; and if tto care and labor whioh
k S rrSm !&.-!. EH eo? ori.8in' aml tbe process oflscalding demands were bestowed
r ni,fr0Wth.0KCf?. Mna other jubsUnces upon tho uuscalded milk, attending to the
,v,?n1?8eabTl,isU,?nd,8' ,hftt ,hey .conld conditions of tbe atmosphero while the cream
hive bt en formed only in the presence of wa- rising, akimmlng at tie right timechurning
, .;. he two Mtm' ,herefore-,0 be fomtem- beforo the cream has stood too long, and while
por.neons. ... . tnst tho rioht temneratnrn l.UrS ill l. nn
It is a well known fact also tbat diamonds need of scaldino. or nnr ntr. h..n, mt
I 1 . IT; . .. " J - M-.U W MV
tr.u ueu fiiruou to crystallize as the Bparkling
gem so eaeerlr soucht for bv lh minor
'ri.lj .,:.... v l -- buy uuiior uiouo iroui scuiutw
1 hi j, of course, Is a more hypothesis, for we 1 gered to be plaoed any hlgl
know of no process by which tne oxygen could "oVdlnary" class. ,
."f'.' ,hrS,?J. b?' InTery 'he"ePt o I As to the saving of time- and
sometimes contain cavitlea enoloaioo a trans
pnrout liquid. We have seen it stated, but are
not sure ot tbe authority, that diamonds of
this sort have been broken and- their contents
lounu to 00 oaroonto acid; a fact which, if true.
tbo butter come. Leave this matter to the
woman of your house the true guardian angel
of the dairyand she will soon get "the run
of things," and become mistress of the situa
tion, bhe will soon detect the chanros in the
would add materially to this new theory of ' cream, which tho cham, In tZZZZ:
ineir lorwaiion, . Ih. ,., . .., - -. v-' r-"l'
:.r.i. "::. . .r,'?, "v pooea.
Smiixkst Looouonvc In an English Jonr
nal, bobm three years ago, waaau-iUustraUou
of the "wee" locomotive "Topsy."-'IthaslJ-in.
cylinders and IJf-in., stroke, the coupled
wheels being 4 in. in diameter. The weight ot
tho engine, einiity, is 54 lbs., or, say half a
hundred. weight, Jn team the weight is 60 lbs.
Th I'Topsy'' draws a lode of eighTlhtle trucks
up tho line (which haa an average inclination
of 1 in 10, with a maximum gradient of Un 11.
aud there is one curve of 9 ft. radiua), and in
all respect conduct itself with the propriety
of eugiue of larger growth. Discussion aa to
the comparative six of locomotive, big and
little, bring this little giant again into notice.
Ir it tuaat4 that tbe projected tunnel be
neath th Eaeliah channel conld b driven and
uuuipwMiy niiai up in nv or all year, and at
I a cost of from 40,000,000 to 50,000,o6o.
and the earnestness aud practical sense of her
ex will readily adjust thing to suit the cir-'
cumstances of the season. But in all these
changes don't change your dairy manager too
We would especially request our California
dairymen to keep cool in this scalding matter ;
it is a mere makeshift which is hardly excus
able under any circumstances, and U entirely
uncalled for here, where tbe condition of the
atmosphere is such that milk can be allowed
ample time to stand without tear of mould or
putridity.
Accobdiko to A. Fricke an emulsion of fat
with water is obtained by shaking tbem to
getber in a glass veuel whose tides are moist
tned with water slightly alkaline. 8ueh M
emulsion saponifies without heat, by mixloff
withan exoeu of caustic soda solution of 30-
nin'Ur,n- La tttae over night the
aoap collects aa a cake on the kip.