WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Qood HBV-TH
The Human Frame.
No. 6 The Larnyx.
The larnyx is one of the most delicate and
beautiful organs of the body. It is, in fact,
an admirably constructed musical instrument
bo placed as to utilize the currents of air,
passing in and out of the lungs, for the pro
duction of sound. It is & piano, flute and cla
rionet all in one; and all compressed within
the space of a cubical inch. Tho lungs aro the
bellows which supply the air; the trachea is
the tube which concentrates and conducts it to
the music box, while the "vocal chords" sup
ply the place of the numerous wires which
cause the differout tones to be producod in the
piano. But, while there are dozens and doz
ens of these wires required in the piano, this
tiny, but unrivaled lustrament has but two,
ana these, like the eyes and ears, are perfect
duplicates. Yet, theso two "chords" of yellow
clastic tissue are capablo of producing n far
greater vnrlety of sounds than tho boasted
Chickerlng with its seven or eight octaves.
True, tho human voice, except in rare cases,
does not execod two or two and a-halt octaves,
but the instrument of art only has a single half
tone between each note, whilo tho voicoln this
respect is almost unlimited Jenny Lind, it is
said, being capable of producing one hundred
appreciable tones between any two mojor in
tervals in the scale. Besides this, when we
consider tho endless variety of expression the
voico is capablo of, compared with the puny
"stops" of other instruments, it becomes uso
less to draw comparisons further.
But perhaps it may bo desired to know some
thing more of tho mechanism by moans of
which theso wonderful results are accomplish
ed. Well, this box, placed just below the bise
of tbo tongue, and tho forepart of which con
stitutes the woll-known Adam's apple, is tri
angular in form, with the apex pointing out
ward, and Is constructed out of niuo "boards,"
or pieces of cartilage; theso being bound togeth
er by eight muscles and about n dozen liga
ments. Two of tUoso cartilages havo little horn
like terminations which project upwards into
tho cavity of this box, and at the ends of theso
are attached one extremity of each vocal chord,
the other boing attached on tho opposite side.
These cartilages art movablo by means of mus
cles which cause them to partially rotate; thus
putting tho chords on tho stretch or othorwise,
Theso muscles are undertho controlof tho will;
and, just as tho violin string civos a shriller
sound when drawn tighter, so tbo owner has
only to telegraph down, and these cartilages
aro "yanked" around in a twinkling, tho vocal
chords put upon oxtreme tension, aud "Como
out of that, John lleuryl" is uttered with a
shrillnoss that makes the little culprit fairly
jump out of his boots.
These chords aro, as we havo said, composed
of elastic, yellow fibrous tissue, and covered by
an extremely dclicato mucous motnbrauo, tho
thickening of which, by colds or othorwise,
causes that huskiness of voico so often
observed.
Another curiosity connected with tho voico,
is a "sounding box," hollowed out of tho fron.
tal bones, known as tho "frontal shun," and
whlch'communicates with the fossa of tho noso
by means of tiny apertures. Thoso often be
come also 'closed through tho thickening of
the mucous membrane from colds, etc, and
hence occasion that peculiar, Hat tono of voice
known as "talking through tho noso." When
the cold passes away the aqueducts aro reopen
ed, resonance restored, and tho nasal tono
ceases. Rural Prtsi.
TnB "OrKN Tmutmeut" or Woonds. Tho
principal maxims followed by Prof. Hose in tho
treatment of wounds aro to secure absoluto rest
after arrest of bleeding, and to provide for per
fect freedom of discharge and scrupulous
cleanliness. Another principlo is to interfore
with the healing process of wottuds only when
special indications are afforded, aud tocousi.lor
stitches and bandages of all kluds as inter
ferences to bo so avoided. Tho air to which
the wounds are freely exposed in the open
treatment must, of course, bo pure, and the
system accordingly includes the uso of oner
getio ventilation. In the hospital, ventilatlou
is obtained only by constant opening of tho
doors and windows, a proceeding which, it is
true, renders the heating arrangements oftcu
insufficient in winter. The advantages claim
ed for this method are : There is no pressure
or constriction by dressings. An irritation of
the wounds by changing the position and ex
ternal applications is avoided. There in no
danger of infoctiug the wounds by impure ar
ticles. The danger of retention of matter is
small. Tho stato of tho wounds may be con
trolled at any time by simply lifting tbo cov
erlets. As healing by tho first intention is
given up, as many ligatures may be applied
as are desirable, and thus secondary hemorr
hage may bo better avoided. Tho air of the
wards is not infected by emanations from tho
dressings, as in tbo case of other methods,
except Lister's. There is less need for mate
rials for dressings, therefore less expense.
Tjunsfcsion or Ulood. In manv cases.
particularly those in which exhaustion had
taken placo from hemorrhage, transfusion has
been attended with remarkable success. In
cases where organic disease previously existed,
failure have been frequent. Dr. Flint states
that while normally a patient should have
from fourteen to eighteen-pounds of blood in
the system to properly sustain the functions of
the body, thp injection of from four to seven
ounces of blood into the circulation of a person
apparently dying has been known to com
pletely restore the patient to life. The intro
duction of portions of blood without the red
blood-globules has been unattended with good
results. Theso blood-corpuscles are the oxy
gen carriers. It is Dr. Flint's opinion that
this operation is perfectly practicable, anil that
it should not only be employed in those des
perate cases where favorablo results aro scar
cely expected, but should be resorted to be
fore patients have fallen into such a desperate
condition.
Lcnisivnox xsvt HroirsK. The various
lessons given us by Nature as to the possibility
of checking or preventing disease have culmin
ated in the fact that the State uses its moral
power and material resources toward preserv
ing the health of its citizens. A to how far
the State may thus exercise authority, there is
a difference of opinion; but the neglect of a
city government to provide proper sewerage
and the course of a common drunkard, both
tending to disturb the publio peace and the
comfort of individuals, are alike crimes and
should be considered as such in law, Th ex
istence of vile deposits which overwhelm the
' inhabitants with a tainted atmosphere, or the
spread of the habit which strikes at the root of
tne pnysicai, morn ana iniciieciuai neaiin oi
the people, are both producer of disease to the
community, which should be as sedulously
guarded against as the visitation of a fever to
the individual, and the means used to defend
the people from their ravages are striking ex
amples of pure preventative medicine. 5c Am.
Taking Cold.
The secret of avoiding the unpleasant con-
sequence, thought to , .prtng wholly from tho - p , , , p , . . fc R rf rf , ih
action of cold upon tho body has very little de- r . . I U
pendence npon exposure, but a great doal upon JUOgmOflt 01 Horses.
an impure and weak condition of all the vital n j, w.n.kn0wn thfct mon of nrge experience
processes. In other words, with an average or , In the jurtgment nnd goieotlon of horses are tho
lTVt Mni!l"ftn' ? lAZ ' n W n flwt to dic ''" ' conformation and un
vanco of all the luws of health, men and women i , , , .,,.,
could not take cold if they wanted to; they soundness, whether tho infirmity is In an in
might be exposed to the action of cold to a do- ciplent state or moro fully developed. One
gree equal to the boast of the field, aud with glance at the legs or fott is generally sufficient
like Impunity. But in the case of persons with t0 detect malformation or fntlrmlty, and any
feeble constitutions, nnd who disregard know- 8etiona deficiency in this part determines the
lugly or otherwise and most frequently other- usefulness, aud consequently the valuo, of tho
wlso-the conditions of healthy existence, no . animal submitted for tho oxauiluation of a com
degrco of care will provent the taking of cold, petont judge A good body will wear out two
ftslt is termed. They may livo in houses regu- Beta of poor limbs; and this point should al.
lated with all the precision of a hot-houso ways bo kept in viow in tho selection of horses
thoy may cover themselves with the most high- (or auy purpose whatover. A good hoad is a
ly protective clothing the market provh os.nnd very material feature in all sorts of horses usod
yet they will take cold. The consumptive per- for hunting, hack, or harness work. Coarse or
sou doesnot live, nor evor will live, oven If kept heavy hoads ore soldom seen on really good
in o temperature absolutely uniform, and horses; but big, lean aud well-shaped heads
clothed In a wholly faultless manner, in whom re not objectionable", if they aro not out of
the well known signs of one cold aftor another proportion to tho strength of tho neck and the
will not be apparent. But, on the other baud, 8iZ0 0f tho horeo. Short, sharp aud lively
there are those who, like the lato Sir Henry looking ears; clear, but not very prominent
Holland, of good constitutions niui living in eyes, with plenty of width between them across
accordance with tho laws of health, may travol tho foroheod, aro points of excellence. A
as ho did from tho tropics to tho, orctios og.In small muzzle and good opon nostrils, with
and again, clad only in an ordinary dress coat, pionly of width between the jaws, are ele
aud yet scarcely kuow what it is to havo a cold, ulCuts of beauty always appreciated. A clean
or sickness of any kind. Tho truth is, ' gnllet-wlthout a lloshy appearance or flabby
that in order to avoid taking cold from ordl-, looking skin at tho juncture of tho head to
nary, or oven extraordinary oxposure, tho tho neck must always bo looked for when
vital procossos of tho body must bo made perfection of form is wished. An arched
made strong enough to rlsoabovo the untoward Ueck is not at nil desirable, nnd a straight
Influence of external conditions. If tho bodv " i,Mr i,n,,u i. ,t,nr.UA ..,... i.i.....
is not thus snporior, If it is so woak that it can
only act harmoniously uuder tho most favora-
bio conditions, a continued stato of health is
not nruouc the possibilities. No more will a
weak body maintain itself without harm amid
great external disturbance than will the weak
machiuory of a steam vessel maintaiu itaolf
without injury nmldasovore storm. Tho avoid
ance of elemental disturbances aro not possible
in tho one case any more thou in the other, jot
it is precisely what porsons by tbo ten thousand
aro to-day seok ug to accomplish in tho pro-
servatiou of their health. Tho study is not how
to make their blood purer, their bodios atroncor.
but how to dodge the ugly weather.
The conclusion from all lbs is, that neglect-
ing tho conditions upon which strength of con-
stitutiou and purity of blood depend, and then
striving to avoid in a sedulously carotul man
ner tho evil influences of colds upon tho body,
is liko ncglectinc the Hnbstanco for tho shadow
of hoalth; or moro properly, it is like ono who
starves his body, uud tlicn strives tokecp quiet
in order that his strength shall not be exhausted.
Lot food be taken, and the oxbaustlou from ox
erciso will not ensue; let all tho conditions of
health bo observed, nud then tho natural
chaugos of tho weather will fall harmlessly on
tho healthy fuuctlons of tho body. StitiUiiriuii.
r-jorVpcdLjdnE.
How to Grow the Oleander.
Tbo oloauder is n very ornamental plant
when properly grown, but we seldom soo fluo
specimens. There is scarcely ouo of my read
ers who has uot soon dozens of tall, straggly
plants.' I proposo to give a few directions by
which flue plants may be grown.
Take a healthy cutting, placo it in a bottlo
of water, uud let it remain thoro till roots ap
pear; then pot it, shifting it iuto larger sized
pots as its roots require more room. Do not
try to have it branch until it blooms. It will
then have a long, straight stalk a good foun
dation for the plant you desire. After bloom
ing, three shoots will start; allow those to grow,
us those aro tbo flower shoots, but after thoso
havo bloomod, cut back all tho shoots to within
four or tiro inches of tho former branching
place. Do this each timo tho plant blooms.
Two years ago we had a plant given uh which
was four years old nud sovcrnl feot high. In
the autumn my husband remorselosslv cut it
down to within five inches of tbo first branch,
ing, but after starting tbo following spring it
grow rapidly. Tho oloandor has many good
qualities. It will bloom well for its owner nil
summer, nnd then, nfter cutting down in tho
fall, may be put in a dry cellar for the winter,
doing better during tho following summer for
its long rest. While growing it requires an
uuumianco oi water, it would ue a good plan
to nlldw It to sbtud in paus constantly full of
water mi alter uiooming, wueu water snouid do
gradually wlthold till cut in, nnd then it should
be put iu the cellar nnd no more water given it
till tho following snrinii. It is well to ru-not tho
plants every throe yoars (just boforo starting
them in the spring). If you do uot wish them
in larger pots, pare tho ball of roots with a
sharp knife on the sides and bottom, ro-pot In
strong, rich loam, and sot in a shnded placo,
aud In a fow weoks the root wlll form anew.
Kilty Clovtrjn Floral Cabbitt.
Uses of the Cherry Tree.
At the Michigan Fomologicnl meeting, Mr.
II. S. Chubb paid a tributo to the cherry tree,
which, in every position, contributes iu somo
way to tbo comfort nnd service of man. "F.von
the gum which exudes from its wounds is pre
cious for medicinal purposes and makes an ex
cellent mucilage;" its fruit is handsome; Is un
doubtedly the best that is canned or preserved;
for drying, it has "no equal iu the wholo realm
of commerce." its curative properties nro uni
versally conceded, and its rich color is tho nc
knowledged standard of beauty on tho lips of
the most charming of women. Nor is this all.
Its timber ranks high; "the household furniture
next best to black walnut and mahogany Is made
of Michigan cherry, and thence transported to
all parts of tho world; the best printer's furni-
ture is manufactured from Michigan cherry,
and distributed from thence whcrover.civlllza-
tion has carried the printing press. Cherry,
grown wild in the woods of Michigan, is Hought
for by the manufacturers of school furniture,
as the best wood thoy can find for their pur-
puss, no casuj wuuru, receives a kuuii iui-
ish; has a delightful lively color, aud, in con -
trast with maple and walnut, gives a pleasing
variety to decorative cabinet and carpentry
work, which of late years have introduced a
new charm to dwelling, office, store, railroad i steamed and mellow, and have lost none of its
car, steamboat, and private carriage. The good qualities, lleiuewber each hen has u oer
wood Is hard without being coarse or knotty, tain amount of animal forco to be expended
and its grain, though not prominent, is fine every day in some direction, and the less she
and beautiful." Thankful ought we to be, and baa to give to digesting her food, tbo more sho
proud, that we live in a land and enjoy a cli-1 will have to be expended in egg-producing,
mate where this fruit and timber ran be grown. The advantages of the warm food in winter,
' when inuoh food goes toward producing animal
CnBTSiKTiiiMrjM will remain in bloom a heat to withstand tbo cold, are two-fold from
great while longer if taken up and put in boxes the direct action of the warmth and the slower
just at the buds are opening than If left in the action of the food itself, to aay nothing of the
ground, no matter how favorable the weather fact that the content produced by nourishing
my be out of doors. Moving does not injure food will result in more eggs, for a hen tbor
them in the least if the work is done well; but ougbly at home will lay many moro eggs than
the transplanting tends to retard the develop- a discontented one. We have performed the
ment of the bads, and keeps tbem in a partially , experiment ourselves and know that feeding
dormant condition, but not enough so to Pre- boiled corn does pay, and it is as a result of ex
vent them from coming to perfection. Ohio perience that we offer this plan to onr friends.
Farmer. t Live Slock Jvunuil,
TrjE HorSC.
tlounblo feature. From tho "poll" of tho
head to the withers there should bo a slight
Innllno. mid th Innotli nf tlin nook liniiM tin
.iut.M,iin,l iiai ul..l.i ... .,.,ui,.,r i,,,-.
long nor too short. It should, howover, bo
cloan and muscular, without lumber or heavi
ness on tho crest, nnd tho wiud-pipo should
be clearly defined from its juncture with tho
throat to tho crest. Lengthy and obliquely
placed shouldors nro essential in the formation
0f all horses used undor saddle, or tho ridor
wlll not bo carried with safety or pleasure,
win, iiM, Hhouhlor m those, allied tn Inno
nn.i mninr r,iirmi ii.n.n ,.ii.ii,..i
Vme. short and strong cannon bouos. with tho
back Biuows clearly dellued; clean, well-formed
fotlocks, and pasterns neither short, stilly, nor
too slack, on sound, well-formed feet, a horse
can hardly fail to rido pleasantly aud llrmly In
his lino hand. A wido chest is objectionable,
for tho reason that it causes a rolling gait, and
a narrow ono will place tho fore lrgs so nearly
togethor that he is always in dangorof "speed
ing out;" that is, striking the lusldo of ouo leg
with tho foot of tho other. When standing in
front of a horse, n good judge will tako partio
ill tr notice of tho manner in whloh his feet are
placed on tho ground. If his toes nro turned
tnwaiw, hu is termed "pigeon-toed," and is
moro objectionable than if ho turned them
out. Vet, in tho search for that rarity a per
fect horeo both theso faults will result In his
rejection. A short back is always stronger th m
a long ono, though not quite ho easy to the
rider. Nlcoly-nrohod nud muscular loins, wide
hips, nud well-rounded quarters, with strong
and muscular thighs, aro nlso most desirable
points. Tho hind legs should not bo stralghtly
formed, and tho hock bolng ono of tho most
important joints in tho frame of a horse should
bo especially well formed, and freo from ovory
sign of bono or blood, spavin, curb, thorough-
pin, or coarseness of any description, Tho
hind legs should bo placod far enough Apart to
prevent thointerforenco of tho hocks or fetlocks
with o.ich other, otherwise there will be that
unsightly appoaranco known as "out hams;"
but they should not bo so wido asunder ns to
iuduco uneven or iiuperfi'ctly.bulancod action.
London Farmer.
Lkt thk IIorkk ltou,. Horses that are kept
In tbo stnblo during Hummer, should bo given
dntly the luxury of n roll on tho earth. Boil
ing is tho means given by nature for tho animal
to rid Itself of vermin and skin diseases, and
it tends to mako the animal healthy. Some
owners object to allowing a horse to roll on
tho luro earth, becauso it gets dirt iuto tho
hair uud makes extra work to keep tho animal
clean, but tho extra work pays, if rightly un
derstood. Wo allow our horso to roll in the
dirt when ha is nut moist with porsplratiou,
and then stand an hour or two with his coat
full of dust before bolng cluauod up. OMo
h'armtr.
Conic ron llnirri.it Fkkt. Wnsh tbo horso'i
feet clean when dry, apply with n brush, to tho
"""' btoiiir ui mn mmum; run uu,
purt; vegotablo tar, ono part; oil of tar,
ono-elghtu part,
l
PoJlthy Yrd'
Boiled Corn for Poultry.
In tho breeding of poultry as in all other pur
suits, a little euro aud forethought invariably
return an apparently disproportionate result.
In tho rearing of poultry, whoro the nipeudi
turo on each fowl is small aud tho materiuljpro
viilod comparatively inexpensive, wo nro apt to
overlook the small wastes which occur iu tho
transformation of tho different grains Into
poultry, but which aggregate quite n rospocta
Lie sum,
Tho opinion that com Ih very nourishing
food for fowls is so uuivorsal, that no further
thought is given tho matter. It any one should
suggest that corn would Iw easier of digestion
ll soaked or uouoii, no would very nicely receive
the answer that corn was nothing hard todige.t
for birds, which swallow stones nnd other hard
substances without dotriment. A moment's
thought, however, will convince that the mill-
stones und the grist are very different things,
nnd feeding hard grain, although not exuotly
liko feeding the millstones with pebbles, bear
a cerlnln likeness to it. The trouble attendant
on the preparation of food. If it is to becookod,
may indeed seem very disproportionate to the
advauUgo to be derived from such treatment.
but, in reality, little timo noed be spent, as
ueiore going ine rounds oi mo uesis a nine uoi
. water may be poured over the grain, a tight
cover put on the kettle, and the whole placed
, over the stove, where, by the timo your rounds
are completed, the corn will hare become
Why High Priced Eggs do not Hatch.
High priced eggs do not always hatch, for wo
bnvo tried them and know, We set two dozen
uuder orthodox hens of amiable. disposition,
that know how to stick to the nest, and did It
for tweuty-threo cousocutive days. It wasn't
the fault of the expressman, for thoy did not
como by express. Thoy were not old. We
know tho yard wnere they wore laid, nud they
were fresh eggs. Thero was a twelve pound
rooster, with tho hens that laid them. And
tho result of the hatching was one thorough
bred Buff Cochin chick. Now, thero are 20
reasons why thoy did not hatch beginning
with this, that the hons were kept confined in
two small yards. Wo do not know what phy
siological laws are vlolatod that hens kept in
closo confinement do not breed well. Perhaps
it is becauso they are fowls of tho air, nnd need
a good deal of that nrticlo and plenty of tuothor
earth to make them thrifty. Tho fact is pretty
well established iu tho experience of poultry
men. There is no troublo of this kiud with
hens running at large. Thoy steal thoir nosts
in hay mows, uuder tho barn, uuder tho shed,
in tho woods, in out-of-the-way places with no
protection at all, and nearly every egg hatches
until frost comes. But with tho faucy breeds,
as they nro called, como small yards, that
several varieties may bo kept upon tho same
placo, nnd hero tronble begins. All sorts of
causes aro alleged for tho failure of tho eggs to
hatch. Tho expressman Is roundly abused.
Tho breeder is dishonest. Ho may be only
Ignorant, and ovor-anxlons to tell eggs at six
dollars n dozen. If small yards are not a good
reason for Infertile eggs, wo will bring forward
tho other nineteen. Tho mom! is: It is safer
to buy high priced eggs after seeing the fowls.
Jit.
Salt in Poultuy Dikt. Halt is necessary
for human diet, and is found In small quanti
ties in tho bones of all animals. To pigeons, a
species somewhat allied to hens, it is very ben
eficial. It is almost certain death to fowls if
thrown out In largo quantities, as when meat
or fish barrels nro emptied In their way. Halt
fish or salt bcof hns been known to cause their
death. But a little salt mixed with tho chicken
dough is beneficial; rather loss should bo given
than persons generally uso iu their own food.
SrEE fD Wool.
Rules For Shearing.
Wo havo been asked for directions as to how
to shear sheep. Ilowoverat homo wo may foel
In tho sheep barn, or on tho shearing floor, wo
confess to being wuuowhat nt sea when trying
to impart information at ko long range.
Shearing a sheep Is ouo of tho things that need
to bo seen to be appreciated. There is no mys
tery about It; but it is, nevertheless, a trade
that has to bo burned by practice Tho novice
that lias determined to become u good tdtocp
shearer, should provide himself with, 1 A
good pair of sbeara (avoiding choup ones). '2. A
splendid stock of patience. :). A pair of over
alls, i. A smooth cutting whetstone. If wo
were required to udd to tho above, wn would
say, n little more patience; for it is tho ner
vousness nud Impatience of tho workman that,
iu liiua casos out of ten, leads to tho cramping
and crowding of sheep, which beglu Htruggllug
for relief, thus adding to the contusion and to
diousness of tho operation of shearing.
Kven among accomplished workmen, there
aro dift'oront prnotlcos In the operation of shear
ing. Kome commence work on tho briskot, oth
ers on tho neck, somo nt the top of tho bead,
and still others lay bare tlio belly first laying
tho sheep down ou the left Hide, keeping its
hond down by drawing its right foot across tho
neck, and holding it with the left hand. Home
shoarorH uso a bench or table, fourteen or
eighteen Inches high, upon which tho sheep is
placed, though a majority prefer to keep tbo
animals on the floor during tho operation. Wo
recommend tho latter, as it Is equally us easily
learned, is no more tiresome, and tbn table or
bench is uot always ho easily improvised, Tbo
mail who learns without it Is always ready for
work; tun one who learns to use It is nllen at a
disadvantage. A'jr.
SiiKKr-iuisiso re Vkstiiiia.-Hhccp-ralMng
is nt present nue of tho most important inter-
ests of Ventura enmity, uud it will doubtless
remain ns Hitch until tbo development of tho
country chucs nut tho various ranges, whloh
will probably Ihi many years yet. Fur several
seasons past tho business has been steadily in
creasing, proving lucrative to thoso engaged in
it, and bringing largo Hums of money into this
section. Tho pr sent number of common Hheup
in th county is about 125,000, nnd wu learn
from Mr. Kennody, one of tho most extensive
shotip-ruisors of the rnuuty, that tho average
yield of wool for tho season, including tho full
clip, will bo about three nud n half pounds per
head. Ordinarily this would not bo regardod
as a very heavy yield, but tho wool this Heason
Is of a superior quality, uud being very fluo
nnd cloiiu, weighs loss than the rlip of lust
year. Of this spring's clip thero havo been
Hhlppod from this port up to date, 1,-172 bales,
averaging about 'MO pounds, nud about, half
that amount from Iluonomo, which Includes
nearly the nntlro clip. The uluoiiut Hhlppod
from this pott, wo aro told, is almost equal to
tho entire shipments of wool from hero last
year. '1 hero uron number of excellent sheep
ranges iu the county, but tho Hlml and Las
I'osas aro tho most extotislvo and Important.
C'or. Huh tos' Mercury.
Khkki Diskask in New Mexico. A corres
pondent In Huutu Fo county, Now Mexico,
sends tho Agricultural Department the follow
ing: I would llkn to call the attention of the
department to n disrate among lambs, reported
to me by Mr. E. W. Katon, ono of my assistant
correspondents. Mr. Katon says: I would )i
to call youraAteutlonto a disease that destroyed
about six hundred of my lambs, aud in the
same proportion, Hay two-thirds of all the
lambs dropped In soveral other casts, and, If
possible, got Home Information from tho de
partment of its cause aud euro, It is iu the
mouth nnd on tho lips, having tho appearance
of Hyphilitia warts in the mouth, and growing
to entirely cover the teeth. So far, I could sou
It did not affect the tongue,. tho lips growing to
three or four times their natural size, I used
spirits of turpentine; this seemed to partially
check the disvasu for a time, but did uot en
tirely euro.
A couUKsi-oNUKNT of tho .liKriaiii Fanner
proposes that Southern farmers davote a fow
acres to ruta bagas, for sheep food, arguing
thut, iu order to raise early lambs, the ewes
must have succulent food to produce milk,
Whilo his neighbors were losing lambs one
winter through feeding dry corn and hay, he
avoided this by giving piesty of cabbages,
which be happened to have on hand,
Ccuk ron Hukkp-Kilunu Dogs. The JcuraJ
Sun recommends suspending the dog from the
top of a pen, so that his fore-feet will ba about
four inches from the floor, and then letting the
oldest buck in the flock exerolse his butting
propensities on him. It is said to bo an effect
ual cure.
Good Honey Localities.
Individual instances are not rare, of good
yields of honey in almost every Southern State,
but they are neither as numerous nor constant
as In higher latltudos. Wo believe two principal
causes can be assigned for this: The backward
state of beo culture, nud greater extremes of
climate. Bees will not do well in too wet sea
sons, nor the opposite and it is well known
that the Southern States are muoh more liable
to thoso extremes than tho Northorn States.
Somo of the oxtreme Western. States aro worse,
perhaps, than the Sonthcru in this rospoct,
and thero bees will not do woll. Tho South
hns been lauded, frequently, as "the homo of
the honey beo," but wo.thlnk tho advantages of
pasture aro with somo northern localities. Only
In ono thing does tho South havo the advan
tage, aud that is in mild winters. Tho short
ness of tho winters may not bo any particular
advantage, as the prolonged season of work,
vory early and very lato, does not afford vory
much substantial aid the stooks consuming
moro than thoy gather. Qulot Iu wintor quar
ters, ns all beo-ktopers know, is bettor than
activity when it is useless.
Tho South abounds iu flowers, but many of
them do uot yield honey. Thero is no uoctar
iu tho thousand aud ono swamp flowers of tho
South. Still, nsido from thoso thoro aro natu
ral sources sufficient to mako most of tho
Southern SlateH good honey districts, if they
nro not subject to drouth. Theso dry spells
usually occur in tho latter part of tho summor
and in tho early full, during which timo no
honey is gathorcd, nnd accumulated stores nro
eaten up. In such localities, If nlslko is culti
vated vory extonsively, and has tho advantage
of irrigation, which is easily secured in most
localities, nil tho troublo is avoided, and tho
climate is ono of the most desirable.
Another drawback to Southern boo-outturo,
and a serious ono in my opinion, is tho moth.
Many will say " pshaw 1" but that won't altor
my opinion. Tho climate and long warm sea
hoii of tho South is favorablo to tho development
of theso pests to tho highest degree. Thoy
breed In vast numbers nud grow with astonish
ing rapidity, and destroy with unrelenting per
sistency. Of course, this can nil bo overcome.
but bco-cnlturo in the South is not fnr enough
along yet to do tins.
The greatest drawback to bec-cultnro in tho
South, however, Is tho want of enterprise, nnd
tho lack of interest iu tho suhloct. On this
pait of tho subject wo shall not enlarge at tho
present, leaving mat lor liiluro article, Wo
closo with tho ussortlou that almost any locality
In tho United States cau bo made good for bees
by tho cultivation of thoso useful grasses and
grains that produco honey largoly. r7-Jtrri-en'
Maijatlne.
Hkmkpiks ron Bkk Stinus. - Among tho
various euros recommended for boo stings, and
to bo applied to the part, aro liquor potassiu,
ollvo oil, vitriol, laudanum, vinegar, honoy,
salaralus nnd wator, salt nnd wator, Hoft soap
nud salt, raw onion, tobacco juice, a pastoof clay
or flour, tho expressed jtiico of nny greon leaf,
or of tho ripo berries of the coral honeysuckle.
As animal poisons deoxydl.u tho blood, their
antidotes will bo anything that contain muoh
oxygen, Tho poison of a beo being acid, nu
alkali must bo employed to neutralize it. If,
therefore, wo wcro selecting for trial any of tho
above so-called romodles, wo would choose
either Hoft soap or ammonia. But It tho indi
vidual stung is not very nervous, cold water
npplied to tho wound will be tiulto Hutnclent,
and it should not bo rubbed. Ono great essen
tial Is. if heated, to got cooled just ns soon as
possible, and In avoid becoming boated again
for nt least two days. Nothing is so apt to
make tho poison active as heat, nnd nothing
favors its activity less tbau cold. Let tho body
bo kept cool nnd at rust, and tho activity of tho
poison will bo reduced to it minimum. Any
activo exertion, whereby tho circulation is
quickened, will increase both pain aud swelling.
Jit.
Iktiuihul'INii Qukkss, Upon leleaslug a
Mlluli queen to tho bees, I was anxious to bo
Hiiro that sho be well received, ho I removed it
comb from the hive and let tho queen go out
on It among tho bees, und was at ouco satisfied
nil was right. I introduced u second Milan
queen in tho same way, nnd others since.
lioiug ut a neigmior h niilnry, wueu no was
about releasing a queen, I suggested tho samo
way, with llkn results. If ono has a valuable
queen I recommend this way of releasing, as
should tho bees puck on bor tuoy can bo scraped
off Iu a tmslu of water, when tho workers will
scatter und tbo queen bo recsged. This plan
of scraping it wad of bees Into water was sug
gested to mo by my neighbor. I think it first
rate, us there is groat danger of losing the
qiieim by trying to pull off tho Iru-h. Ft,
Tiik most ooiiiploto oheck upon robbing bees
is to place it buiioh of grass or wet liny over tho
entrance tn the hlvn, Tho bees will Hud their
way to tho entrance to their own hivu, tho
rohtxira will bo caught by tho sentinels iu pass
ing through the grass, uud soon cease their
pilfering.
YniiNii bees como to maturity from two to
four days sooner in California than iu Pennsyl
vania. iirM.ioii,
Anhtiikii Cai-uui.atinii Maciiink. A useful
contrivance is tho "computing telegraph" in
troduced by J. K. Fuller, of Boston, who first
riroduced it Home !l() years ago, uud who since
hat time has been continually improving it, so
that at the present moment It Is a most com
plete instrument. It onnslttHof a square board
made of old tarred rope, a, material which is
not given to expansion or warping; upon this
is posted an engraved card, whloh has it gra
duated drain of tbo diameter of it1, iu. Within
this circle there Is un inner circle, which re
volves, aud is graduated in the samo manner
as tbo outer circle, The divisions are from 0
to 10, completing tho circle, nnd are tho samu
fnr both; the divisions are similar to those of
tho ordinary slide rule, nnd decrease in a per
fectly regular loguritbmlo order. In fact, tho
Instrument is it ctroular slido rule. It pos
senses a great advantage over tho ordinary
straight slide rule, in consequence of Its length
(tbo actual length of the rule being 20,7 in.);
this udvautuge Is further increased from the
circular urrangemeut bfing endless, only one
soale of 0 to 10 is required, whilst in the or
dinary rule, one wants 0 to 10 and 10 to 100.
The instrument forms a slido rule of a very
perfect character, and enables one to work out
tho Himpltst aud most complicated arithmetical
questions. In calculations where the same
factor has to bo used many times, the saving of
time is enormous. For engineers of whatover
kind, such a calculating machine must prove
useful.
Combined Bah, and Dbii roa Boats. This
invention consists Iu a novo) construction of
draft or drag-sheet, which not only baa an im
proved hold upon the water to keep the boat's
or oiner vessel a neau to tne sea, or act aa a
floating anchor to a llfo raft, as the ease may
be, but which is readily convertible into a aail
when its use as a drag is unnecessary, and may
otherwise be used to advautage In saving Ufa
and property.
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