Willamette farmer., July 31, 1874, Page 3, Image 3

WILLAMETTE FARMER.
HoficdLxdv
Cherry Culture.
C. W. Reed, of Washington, Yolo, produces
this year nbout ten tons of .'cherries. W. II,
Pepper, of Sonoma, produced, in 1872, nbont
ten tons; in 1873, nbont eight and a half tons.
This yea? his crop is not quite so large, on ac
count of the cool, vet spring, but is better in
quality. J. W. Oassidy, of Sonoma, in ordinary
good years, produces about eight tons; thisyeur
not quite so mnny. Prices for cherries gener
ally start at twenty-nvo 10 nny cents per pontic!;
they aro now quoted nt from eight to ten cents
for common, and fifteen to twenty-five cents
for choice. We do not now remember the num
ber of trees In Mr. Heed's orchard, but Mr.
Pepper has about 800, and Mr. Cassidy about
400. From these figures w e lenrn that Mr. Pep
per's trees averugo in good seasons nbout thirty
throe pounds to the tree, and Mr. Cassidy's
about forty. Placing the nverago price per
pound at fifteen cents, It would make Mr. Pep
per's trees overage him, say, $5, and Mr. Cas
sidy's $0 a tree; or, would give Mr. Pepper an
income, for his COO trees, of $3,000, nnd M-.
Cnssidy, for his 100 trees, nn iucome of $3,400.
Alton ing 20 per cent, for rent of land nn i inter
est on cost of orchard and labor, it would lenvo
Mr. Pepper n net income of $2,400, nud Mr.
Catsidy, 91,920. Allowing 200 trees to thoncre,
Mr. Pepper's trees, occupying three acres, and
Mr. Cassidy's two acres, this shows that Mr
Pepper's land brings him $800, nnd Mr. Cas
idy'B 5900 per ncrepcr annum. Now, we stato
these facts, to show those who do net know
what to do in this State how little capital is re
quired to begin nnd build up a good business
in n few years. Land just as good for cherry
cultnre as that of Mr. Pepper's, Mr. Cassi
dy's or Mr. Heed's can be bad almost nny
whero iu Sonoma or Yolo connties at front $15
to $50 per acre. Just as good nnd better land
cnu be had in the foothills of the Sierra or
Coast Hange mountains, in Butte, Placer, El
Dorado, Amador, Tuolumne, Mariposa, Stan
islaus, or any other county in the Stato partly
in tho foothills, at from $1 25 to $5 an ncro.
The trees will cost on an average, gay 30cents
apiece, or $00 to plant an acre of laud. Thoy
will beclu to boar the third year after boinu
planted, and at six years after planting will
bring in n good profit. Here, then, in a plain,
strnightfoward road by which nn industrious
man or boy can in tho course of six or eight
year, by nn ouflsy of $300 or $100 at tho most
on the start, sccuro an incomo of $3,000 to $4,
000 annually. While his orchard Ih coming in
to bearing ho cnu, besides attending tho same,
make his lit lug by working for v ages, by rais
ing poultry nud vegetnblcs, or strawborrlcs, or
other berries, or nil on tho same land, without
injury to his cherry orchard. With such open
ings ueforo hira in California noono need be
without somcthiug that will pay to do. We
should mcution that tho varieties principally cul
tivated in this Stato for the market, nnd which
pay the best, aro Black Tartarian. Governor
Wood, N'npoloon Blgcrron, White Heart.
TiUNhrnNitsa. Many farmers imagine if
the can plant tho seeds of vegetables iu the hills
where tucy are to grow, mat will gain some
timo which is lost iu transplanting. But in
some vegetables this is a mistake. Lettuce,
cabbago and tomatoes are especially benefited
by transplanting. And if they nro carefully
transplanted twice, they nre improved. It
makes them moro stalky nnd robust in 'their
growth. Florists hnvo nlso found that it im
proves some kinds of flowers to transplant.
And frees, especially overgrcons, are benefited
by yearly removal for two or three years. In
this removal we do not intend to imply that
careless bruising nud breaking of plants or
trees of any kind will Improve them. Plants
nnd trees must be removed wthlirt adhering
to them, protecting tho fibrous roots. Celery,
cabbago nnd tomatoes should be cut around
with a knife from one to threo inches from tho
stem, according to nge, nnd orofully trans
planted without checking their growth. Gar
den vtgotables do not grow wild, and without
care a'd labor, but when carefully nursed they
always pay the bill. It is till wrong to permit
n bed of cabbage plauts to grow up so crowded
that they produce so slender n stem that it
would bo folly to ever look for them to bear
large heiuli. So soon as thoy produce tho sec
ond leaves they should Iks set out at least two
inches npirt, nud tho giouud cultivated between
them, which will insure strong and vigorous
plant').
.
Tiik PiNKiiTLK. The history of tho pine
apple dates back for three or four centuries.
Columbus found it on tho island of Quadaloupe
in 1492. Tho Japanese cultivated it as early as
1500, and it is supposed that it was first
brought to Europo from Java, It appears that
this fruit was transplanted from South America
to Asia and Africa, for in 1592 it was carried to
Bengal and China from that country. It thrived
iu Brazil, and, according to Humboldt, grows
wild in the forest of Uriuoco, They spoil very
easily, and sometimes during the voyage here
thou nolo cargo of a vessel is spoiled. It is
Considered a good trip if three-quarters of the
cargo is in good condition when the vessel ar
rives. This depends not only upon the length
of thevoyago, but also on the bad weather ex
perienced, thunder showers being particularly
destructive to them. It is estimated that 4,200,
000 pineapple nro brought iuto New York an
nually. Tue business of canning this fruit is
becoming quito cxtensivo, nud likewiso profita
ble in this city, and soverul firms are engaged
in this preparation, and they put up at leant n
million pineapplos in cans every year. Ex.
cltfingt.
Tins BrsT Vaiuktt of SnuwDrnnr. It is re
markable tint n Variety so old as the Albany
Seedling, or " Wilson," as it is popularly
known, shoull bold its own so many years, in
spite of numerous new introductions. Gradu
ally, however, i', seems to be giving way to
others. Last season tho markets of Baltimore,
Philadelphia nud Washington had large quan
tities of other klnjs, and it w as noted that these
varying varieties vere much more abundtnt
than in former yesu. Among tho leading kinds
which, by this test, are growing in popularity,
were Downer's l'nliflc, Boyden's 32 Green
Prolific, Jucunda anl Charles Downing. Tri
nmpbe de Garni, whiih for a long timo seemed
to contest the ground with the Wilson, was not
so often seen. Still for all this the leading kind
in all these three markets was the Wilson. It
bears o abundantly, an grows so well gener
ally, without being choici.about the character
of the soil or situation, that in spite of some
deficiencies, in other respests it will probably
be in favor for some years yit. Ex.
Tut foreign papers state that at a recent
meeting of horticulturists in Melbourne, Aus
tralia, the sparrow difficulty wis the principal
subject of discussion. To su;h dimensions
have the losses of stone-and small f rails attain
od that the growers feel themielves face to
face with the most serious obstacle they have
ever had to encounter. By the introduction of
the English sparrow the balance of Nature has
been completely nptet; the native birds which
used to visit the gardens at certain seasons
many of them insect dostioyera-bave keen driv
en away by the pugnacious strangers, to Whose
rapacity fruits, grain and seeds are alike sac-
A New Peach Enemy.
As our readers. know, our friends in tho
peach-growing districts never let n chance go
by to "bull" or "bear", peaoh-'stock, nccordintt
as it may be their interest to do. It a little
freeze come unexpectedly along, it is n capital
chance to prepare people for high prices, and
then we hear woeful accounts of the destruction
of the peach-buds. Then, when it can be no
longer a question that ihero will be a fair otop,
it is the interest to keep distant growers out of
tho market, nnd then we hear that there is
"inch a tremendous cron that it will not uavto
market them."
Now comes to us a sad and sor.owful title of
the nttnek on tho vouna uencli. trees, bv
myriads of encrgetlo "black fellows," who iu
the courfo of a few days will leave thousands
of peach-trees in tho condition of dried sticks.
Humors of this have reached us for somo weoks
past, but iu viow of past experiences we hardlv
knew on which side of tho Btock-board wo had
better range ourselves. By a recout issue,
however, of the Wilmington Cornmerclu, we
judge that the appearance of tho insect is a real
nnd serious trouble, nnd may have ns marked
nn influence on tho future of peach-culture as
the Colorado beetle has hnd in some plnces on
the potato crop.
By tho account referred to we noto that some
of the lusectB and specimens of tho injury
cnused by them bnve been submitted to one
of our intelligent Germantown friends, who
pronounces them to be nn ntlied insect to the
common black nphls, which nt times so seriously
affects tho chorry troe. This cherry aphis,
however, though ono) in a whllo very annoy
ing to tho cherry-raiser, comes and goes, nnd
does not seem to be a scttlod pest; nnd it is
possible this may ba ono of that class, and the
trouble after nil not bo as great as apprehended.
Omnantotrii Ttltgraph.
New Fruits.
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, in his address be
foro tho Amiricau Pomoloulcal Convention.
tittered the following sentiment:
" mat ns lino iruits can bo raised irom seed
hero as have boeu produced in any other coun
try, tbcro is no louner a doubt. That this is
the plan prcscribedby ourbouutiful Creator for
their production and improvement, is equally
true. That thero Is nny limit to its progress
ana exicnt, wo uavo no renson to believe. Tru
tho number of superior fruits is small compared
with tho host of indifferent varieties that have
como down to us from tho past. One reason
for this is, that our tasto for finer fruits has
been elevated to n higher standard, nnd those.
of nu indifferent or medium quality fall out by
the way; and wo have no doubt that tho old
poars so highly lauded by historians were
most, if not all of thorn, only coarse unmclting
kinds.
" When wo reflect upon what hasbcen accom
plished in the improvement of animals and
vegetables iu our own day, and how many
splendid acquisitions havo been brought forth
that commaud tho admiration of tho world,
when wo reflect upon tho many fine American
fruits already obtained with but comparatively
littlo effort, wo surely have cause for great en
couragement nnd perseverance. Thero is no
limit to progress now or hereafter, nud wo be
liove that the fruits of this earth aro to bcoomo
moro nnd moro perfect as tiuib advances."
Cracking in Pears,
We know Hint limn and potnsh nro specifics
for pear-trees, even if they do not ncccomplish
all claimed for them by " II.," iu the Oartltn
era' Monthly, whose nssertious wo copy:
Pears do not crack when the soil Is sufll
ciontly supplied with limo nnd potash; and
they crack most where thoso silts nro deficient,
Common wood ashcB contain these sails nearly
in the quantity nnd proportions that pear trees
on such soil icqulrc .40 per cent, of potash
and .30 per com. of lime. Heasoniug from
these facts, I applied wood nshes at the rate of
400 bushels to the ncro, nfter the fruit had
formed nnd cracked. Mnny of them healed up
nnd mado perfect fruit the same season, others
not until tho next senson. A fiionoV nt my
suggestion, applied it heavily to n favorito But
ter pear-tree in his own garden for sovcrnl
years in succession, nnd hns had for several
years perfect and delicious pears; nnd I will
guarantee it to cure nny case, where tho nshes
are fairly and abundantly applied.
1 was told by nn experienced hand that I
would kill the trees, but on the contrary, I
cured them. Therefore, do not bo afraid; if ono
application will not Hufllce, give them n larger
dose next year. A moist atmosphero undoubt
edly encourages the growth of tho tree nnd
fruit, while tho insufficiency of proper food
prevents tho perfection of either; hence,. crack
ed fruit and "rough old bark."
Tub Inhabitants of Sumatra produco great
quantities of coffee which they export. They
Jo not, howover, make use of the berries, hut
their beverage consists of nn infusion of the
parched leaves. An Englishman who used this
drink for a long timo is loud in its praise. Ht
drank it morning nnd evening, nnd found it in
valuable, giving immediate relief to hunger and
fatigue, and clearing tho brain of cobwebs.
The Sumatrans hold that the best liquor is ob
tained from leaves shod by tho plants; but their
usual method of proceeding is to tako off the
ends of the branches and suckers, nnd break
tbem up into twelve or fifteen inch lengths.
These are fixed side by side In a split bamboo,
so that the leaves nil appear on one side and
the stalks on the other, by which means equal
ity of roasting is ensured, the loaves beiug
roasted together and the stalks together. After
tying up the bamboo, the truiB of leaves and
stalks is held over n smokeless fire, and kept
moving nbout, so as to roast without singeing
it. Tlie stalks are considered quite as valuable
as the leaves, and when the operation is com
pleted, leaves aud stalks aro rubbed between
the hands into a coarse powder, and then they
are ready for nse. The infusion is of a deep
brown color, and extremely fragrant, its odor
like its taste resembling that of a mixture of
tea nnd coffee. Prairie Farmer.
TnK rust on verbenas has possibly done more
to discourage their cultivation than we aro gen
erally aware of, nnd yet it is weakness to be
cast down by such trifles. A friend, especially
successful In their culture, never uses cuttings
for increasing bis stock of this plant, but goes
back to first principles aud raises them directly
from seed. If a good strain is procured, and
seed saved from none but the very best color,
and finest trusses of bloom, one can, he says,
at all times have aa showy a bod as Neighbor
II igbflyer, who wants "only the named varieties ;
teedllngs'are too common, Sir."
Errrcrs or Gas os Flakts. At a meeting of
the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Vienna,
Professor Bohm described experiments prov
ing the injurious action of gas on plants. The
plant of fuchsias and salvias, as examples,
were put in pots, gas was constantly conducted
to the roots, and seven died in four months.
It waa shown that gas does not, in the first in
stance, kill tho plants, but (hat it poisons the
ground.
Nkvkb allow flowers to be watered or sprin
kled with cold water, especially in cold wealber.
Tepid water is always better, even in summer.
A Spucmdis Stanr. Upon the grounds of
John it. Hoyd, Ballymacool, iu North Ireland,
there bloomed the past yenr a monster rhodo
dendron (It. land folium). It Is about 1C feet
high, GO feet iu diameter of branches and ex
panded upward of 400 spoudid scarlet trusses
of flowers. Mr. Boyd says tho brilliancy of its
color, tho admirable aknpe of its blossoms and
the way in wbich tho foliage fnlla down about
tho trusses, so ns to set off to the best advan
tage, render this the most beautiful rhododen
dron ever seeniu this kingdom. Horticulturist,
Do not use fresh manure for bulbs: old. tbor.
oughly decayed compost is preferable. Plant
deeply, especially tho tuberose. If the soil Is
naturally very stiff, removoit, place a few stones
ni ine uotiom oi ino net! tor tirninago, ana nil
in with light sandy mould. Stako at onco and
tlo up the stem as it lengthens. Neat, plain
painted supports umko the flowers appear to bet
ter advantage. Green is tho best color, with n
small whlto space nt the top on which to write
tho name. A Bhado of heay muslin or paper
spread over tho flowers during tho heat ot the
day, helps to retain their beauty.
A Maidstonk, England, correspondent has
this to say, iu The Qanltntrs' Chronicle, of
Conover's Colossal asparagus: "Wo flud tho
new American oriety rather earlier for use,
and plants of the sanio ngo as the Giant nre
nearly double tbo sire, so thnt wo consider it n
valuublo addition, although it does not attain
the gigantic dimensions of tbo 'Yankee' color
ed plate."
A rKACit orchard iu Marylnud contain 1,013
acres. At the bight of tho past season GOO
bands wero employed in picking, paring nnd
caniug the fruit, nnd tho daily work was nbout
1,000 baskets, or 30,000 onus.
Th.Dahy-
How the Best Quality of Cheese is
Made.
but the ailment is not often fatal, and becomes
I so only nfter n loug time of suffering huiI con
, sequent disease or degeneration in one nr both
kidneys. In a sitting pig two drums of turpen
tine may bo given iu four ounces of liuscod oil
and a littlo grnel. Great care should be exer
cised In not killing tho pig by drenching it im-
iTrujiuriy. uesiaes mis mo pigs snouid hnvo
The editor of tho Utlci , recently ,Bonr7ood, or a little brine h3n7mTxedin
visited the celebrated Weeks factory, tho pro-I the food. When iu s.'ason. sotirkrout. radish
duet of which has most ot the time taken the "'"''po fruit, cucumbers, celery-tops and cs
lead in the Ullca market. We nuke tho follow- X&'m t"to. "fcTtiuld
fresh drinking
CATTLE BrEEDErS.
Letter from Jesse D. Carr.
Editods Pbkss: Somo days since I was in
formed that Col. Golem in Younger had given
mo n passing notice iu tho Juno number of
tho California Agriculturist, a monthly journal
published iu San Jose. I was unablod to ob
tain n copy of this paper until yesterday; but
now take great pleasure in replying to tint Col
onel's enquiries,
1st. I procured the pedigree of "Butterdalo"
on tho dam's sido up to "Sally" from tho gen
tleman that I purchased him from, viz.: Mr.
Win. Qulun, ot Santa Clam County. From
Sally 1st I traced It in the Herd Book myself.
2d, I did write to Colonel Younger uuder
dato April 25tb, nnd have his reply thereto, but
find no mention in the letter of i ilhor Forbes
or Mayo, nor can I find nny letter from Col
onel Younger in which either of thesa gentle
men's names nre alluded to.
3d. I did not maka out Dtittcrdalo's pedi
gree iu tho ofllco of the Stats Agricultural So
ciety. I did oxiiniiun thn Herd Book tliero,
and I think nt tho timo mentioned by the Col
onel; aud it is from this fact that I presume ho
drew his conclusion that I "mnda up" the pttli
grco iu question nt that timo aud place.
I will horo mention for tho satisfaction of
Iho Colonel aud the public, that I forwarded
tho pedigree given mo by Mr. Qtinn to Mr.
Lewis F. Alton, publisher of tho Amoricau
Herd Book, anil that several lotters woro ex
changed between us on the subject, tho result of
which was that Mr. Allen concluded tho peili
cree was correct, and admitted it to record.
During tho following year, however, I learned
that thero was troublo about the pedigree on
the side of his slro, Tyrone (bred, I believe, by
Colonel Younger), which determined mo to dis
pone of tho bull. This I-tlld nt tho Stato Fair
in 1872, selling him "on his merits," but not
ns n thoroughbred.
4th. I believe I did tell Colonol Yonnger
that I considered Butterdalo one of tho finest
bull calvos that I had seen, for I certainly was
of that opinion then, nnd' am yet; nnd had his
pedigree been pure or beyond dispute, I do not
think that I would hnvo parted with him. Up
to tho present day, I hnvo nover seen n bull
cnlf raised in this Stato, which, pedigrees being
alike", I should have been willing to exohango
him for. So much for Butterdalo.
5tb. As to tho cow Mnude, I do not recol-.
lect thnt I ever owuod one by that liamo cor
taiuly not n thoroughbred. I exhibited cithor
two or threo cows in 1872, and havo their pcdl
groes; their names aro Twin, Laura aud
Clara.
Now, as to tho resolution offered by int, nnd
pnsscd nt our association's moating, in May
last, I nsk for no better argument to provo that
my resolution was proper aud correct than
Colonel Youngor's own communication, that I
am now replying to. Ills argument in favor of
Short-horns fully sustains tne in my view of
the case, "that they nre much more valuable
than any others." Tho Colonel also licenses
mo of "bavlng followed him with a vindictive
ness unparalleled in Short-horn societies ;"
this Is simply a stretch, and n groat stretch of
the Colonel's fanciful imagination, nud too
ridioulous to take the slightest notice of. If
there is another breeder In this or any State
who has so much to say in favor of his own,
and so littlo in favor of his neighbor's stock ns
Colonel Younger has, I confess I havo not jet
met him.
I believe thnt I have replied to all of Colonel
Younger's enquiries, and trust that my nnswors
will provo satisfactory. If such bn not tbo
case, he has hot to state what is still lacking
and I shall hasten to satisfy him.
J. I). Ctnn.
Gabllan Hancho, Monterey Co., Juno 29th,
1874.
Foum or Tin AYiiBiiinx-. Tho proper form
for an Ayrshire cow is that which would be
regarded as n model form for a milk-producer
as distinguished from n Short-horn or Horotord,
which are par excellence beef-prodncori. Tbo
two special points which are regarded as of
more significance than any other are the form
of the body, which should be wodgo-shape, or
tapering from the bind-qnnrtcrs to tho head,
and the udder, which should be capacious, not
fleshy, should show well behind, and be carried
broadly nnd squarely forward, retaining nlio n
proper depth. Tbo teats should be of good
size and length, not "spiked,'' and should
stand wide apart. It is not easy to convey a
very clear idea in regard to tho finer points of
an animal, except in the presence ot ono or
moro specimens.
JensXT and ALBKiiiiEir. The nnfortnnaln
confusion of Ideal as to the proper nomenola-
iuio w tutw came, win prouauiy exisl lor
some time to come, and make it necessary for
this oft-repeated statement to bo repeated a
hundred times. Aldemev croon of island.
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Hark. Aa the
cattle are really distinct breeds, and have been
very sinewy kept so for many years, the name
of each island la now, and has for some years
been given to its own carticnlar breed ol nt.
tie. Jersey and Alderney are therefore two
distinct brteds. The same trouble Is now lav.
ing up in regard to Dutch and Holland cattle,
which are Dutch only when they are laras,
black and white, heavy-mllklng cattle from
Holland, and Holatein when thr r ri
brown, and other colored beef cattle from Hoi
stein. Aj.
ing extract irom Uls report: imVo access to clean mid
The cheese is firm and moat v. nu I more than water.
ordinarily flue-flavored. The manufacture is
very oven, aud the cheeso is as mnch oliko as ' BtrrrienMti.K and Scuiivv. The Colorado
It could be. It is pi tiu enough to bo seen whv tfrlcwfunsf says: A correspondent informs
this cheeso demands top prioes. tuat lie units buttermilk to bo an nlmost tin-
Tho factory does not seem 1o enjoy special ' (I''R w for sourvy in hogs. To provo tho
advantages of buy kind. There is no reason to ' ;a.c'i among other cases which have comounder
suppose that the feed is bettor than that mot '" notice, ho says ho owns several pigs which,
factories havo. Indeed, thiro is a good deal of n. ' weeks since, wero suffering terribly from
swampy pasture iu that region. It is claimed ",0 effects of tho disease, nnd thnt n spoedy
th.it tho superiority ot the oheoso is tho result ouf WH effected by merely pontlug tho butter
of tho careful u-aiiufaolure. !"k ov,1 them n fow times iu tho pen.
We made inquiries about the process, nud do Hendem will do well to remember this simple'
uoi see tuat it timers materially irom tuat til 'cm)'
most factoties, sivo that some of the operations
aro slower. Tho setting is tlouo nt the UMial
temperature, and tho heat carried to DC0 or 9S
according to the condition of the milk. Helmet
Hows Kxtino Pins. A veterinarian in tho
J'ralrh lrmtr thus advises a correspondent:
Watch the hog thoflrst fow days nfter tho pigs
enough.! added to c mse coagulation tti begin . "J" """' ''" ovincos n uesiro to eat her
in ttfleen or twenty tuiuutis; Tho cnttiim is ' ,,.'B:, Kiv.? "" n, "nelio composed of tartar
complot. d In ono hour to one hour and twenty ' ,.,'?,., iV ' i ff""1 Ipecacuanha
miuutes. Tho ho.it is raised slowly to tho re-' "i'i.l' 'IT!! , ,it0 1Y,UVT "' ",ch "'Kht
quired point, nud the stirring h moderate nud fhr' ',un' , X nml ,hrow dr iu, o mouth of
O ireful, tbillluh dnun with n mki. wlilrOi ' ln "PK"
much prifer to the hand, ns cleaner, if nothing
elso. Thn curd Is allowed to stand in the whey
until ready to dip, mid it is hardly iieoossary to
say that it is dipped at tho right point that !
point ou which so much depends, nnd which is
so difficult to determine.. When dipped there
Is no grinding, but stirring nnd nirlug, until the
salt is ndded. nt tho rnto of 2.7 pounds to 1,(100
pomiiis oi milk-, it is then put to press, nud
The Apiw
Observation in Bee Culture.
Wo hnvo often reit'iln'd farmrs that obser
vation is the surest road to advancement Wo
, ..... ..,. . v... .... rri,rs u, ii ,mllu iruiiiio AgasHlj!, ir bee-
nud nbandpnt around keepers had nut for years past been studying,
it will slln over tho ton .uiii, i,,,,w il, ,,(, .,i.,,i.i i, , .?'
lago is put into the telMmt to tho habit f tl, honey bee, tho
eor would
kept under tho screws uutll the nox forenoon, llrtf (!imi t Kc0 lh,lt tuo ,,;,,, eltrlsts nro carry
when It is tnkcu out nnd set on tho ranges, lm, ,, th,r business with observing eyes mul
where it is turned nnd cared for tho ordinary understanding minds. When those eiiDnonl In
,T; . ii i. i .i i ' n,1' occupation will do this, they will be in no
.mm '. ictfa ..Writy In the Iiooiiii, danger oi going astray. One of tin, best illus
which does away with the troublo of piling on (rations of this was the prompt exposure of tho
baililAHMM. Tim Inn nf ilin linnn Id ..lit .iff .... ..... ' ... ' . . . mw
about four luchos or in,
tho lower edge, so thut I
of the hoop. Tho baud
linnn 111., nrliin lnrliAil nvn
.. ,., ...... ......... ,...,. ... ..,.,.. ..,.. ...... uo HimfiiiniKH oi HUM icnrnoil proti
ino iiioviiuin lOD-meco nimneii on. wiucu no us I imv.. una,....! n.,,.l...n i v: i .1.1..
the 1. unlace in its place, leaving tho hoop fll observation of everything relating to beo
smooth and perfect Inside. It is only neet-s- enlluto will c.utlnuo till Hir,inscttle,l points
sury to tako off tho top of tho hoop in place of ,wU 0 lllluU, 0,,lir ,n, ll0, , J, ,""
t iking out tho oheoso. nnd turn down the eikes ' i,eomo 0,. ( ,.,., im(,orllllloo ', , ( ,,,,
of the bundago. Thero Is no patCDl on this, , M,pl,v, W think tlie great losses I
nnd factory men nro nt liberty to use It. wintering b.os will soon bo better under-
An ngitator Is used during tho night, to keep ,noil nnd guarded ngalnst. But this
tho criMiiii from rising, and cold water Is kept ' lliu.t i,0 done by ..bseivatlmi and stud,
riinnlng around the milk Mit.T Tin, milk Is all of facts, not by speculation. Thn bio
tleliven d twlco n day. conventions, held i frequently w Ithlu the Inst
" " ... I few years, have given n reiiiniknblo Impetus to
itKi.li nr Milk i-Kii Cow. Professor Miles, i this Industry. At these convention cibserva.
in his address before the Nnrllra-i-Hturn Dairy-. lions on all points mr compared nud errors do
men's Association, made the following state-' teoted, much better than they cnu In, through
ment: Tho last census showed that there wero I communications to tin, beo journals, Horn
10,303,500 uows iu tho United States, which any one may bn corrected on the spot, nnd tho
wero valued ut $29. 1118,033, Most of these were suggestions made by so many minds nil look
or n very Inferior kind The nverngo yield of ing nt tho subject from iliiTi-rxnt staiulitolnts
milk, in tlie Northwest, was only 11,630 pounds I will be much morn likely to effect n true soln
porcow; but ndalrjuiau in Now York hns buo-i tiun. Wn wish every branch of igricnlture
coeded In getting a yiildof almost 8,000 pounds wus as well organized as 1 keeping; it would
per cow from n herd. Mr. Fish, of Herkimer ' produce n wonderful advance during tho next
Co., New York, by jadleiouB seloollons, oh-1 ton years. 7,fivi Stork- .oiirwif.
tained a herd of cows that avoruged 831 pounds I . ,,
of cheese per cow each year. The cow " lied ' ,llcn 'JI,M,IJ,HT1. rim J . KV l n""UN
Hoso" gave 2,'..-0 ponntbi of milk from August 1 1 1 i-ATTrt. Mr. h Gallup , of Iowa, has noted
to Sept. 15, nud ono day gnvo 70 pounds. An , J',10 Jn'u" "'' and (iliuuiti, most tavora
Avrshlro cow, " Lass," gave in the s line time , J,1h. ,r , l",Oll0,," JJf "tii.oy in flowers. Tho
U.VlO pounds, and bred till she was 10 years I '1C,H he gives nro worth remembering: If the
old. The row " Nettle" gave 1.3CJ pounds In , "";"1'"" isiut) stniul waim.niitl well charged
July, nn average of 44 pounds daily. Tin, with electricity, then is Ihi, timo our flowers
cow "Beauty," belonging to 11. T. Miles, of i produce tlm most forage. On the contrary, tho
MsKKttchusotts, give, in 1870.0,011 pounds of l,l.ir nwylfdry, warm or hot, nnd flowers pro
milk; In 1871. 7.022 pounds; in 1872, 7,555 ' "J'1'0 "0,,llil;K; Hut by heavily manuring a
pounds. At tho lutt dato she wus 11 years old, l )U'C0 o( Ial"' ?r. MU", cU'vt ,r huckwhoat.
and weighed 085 pound. wo c,in Cll"" " " l'mdiico honey In n dry or
cool season. Manure warms up tho land, and
,. - .," .mi" . .. it nlso causes u vapor of moistuto to arlso from
Halt ron Miwit Cows.-Mllch cows In the the soil, which docs not arise from nu iiupo
flush of feed require more salt than n any . crUlitnl noil. We have noticed this repeatedly,
other nation of the year. Dairymen should Vo mv.) seen n row of currant im.h'es nllvo
look well to this ma tor nt tho present timo. with bees, that had been heavily manured ho
Sallno matter se-ms to bo require, by their season previous, while n row that was in, ma"
very natures, as is attested by tho bov no tribes nund was not vlslud by the bees. W I av,.
golug long distances to obtain it, when in mi M,en n four-aoro natch of wl.ll,, rl,.v, ii.ii,.i
uiidoiueHllcato.Iron.Iit on. Dairy cows thnt .been heavily manured tho season previous.
'"" i"f i""""" -" " """ """ " ' rovereu with bees, win tbo clovtr flold by thn
froiu nu.l vigorous tlllive better than they side ol It was not visited by n single bee. Wo
J'jbeen liouvlly manured tho season provlt
IS I PflVAl.it 1. III. Itnnu ..l.tln ll... 1... A..V1 1.
otherwise would, glvo n greater tiuantlty of mvo hud some buckwheat on i.oor land, and on
milk nud for tho benefit of housewives, let us rch Bm, t ,he HHII10 ,lup, .,)it ' ,,,'"'"
;y 1 i" - ....i..ii "'"" ' lana was not visited, whllo that
1 iiiuiti ii'jiuuy uuuvurivil null I'UlU'r. 1flUI
'.inner.
Tiik InKAl, MiLuii Cow. Tho characteristics
of n good milch cow must bo Irrespective of
breeds, iu n general sense. Milk is created
from the blood, and her vital energies which
make blood that isytlio iiidispensablo coutll
tlon. The good milch eow must hnvo n well
developed chest, a healthy dlgf stive apparatus,
the mammillsry glauds mutt be perfect, and
the udder must be soft nud pliable, elastia us a
pieoii of India rubber to tne touch, whether
tho bag is full or empty.
poor
mi Iiia rlni.
laud was allvo with bees, and fairly Moeiited tho
nlr with sweet urouiid. Whltu clover on warm,
sandy land, produced ithiliiduncii of forago tho
past season, while cm clay soil It produced
IUUIUIIIg,
FnTii.K Woiikkiis I gi t rill of feTtlle work-
1 its thus: Change planes with n strong stock and
let them nmalii u few da) s. Then npon the
hive, nml If no eggs nro found, I Introdgoo a
I queen. I succeeded nnoo In rearing a queen,
having her fertilized, nud remain in a stock
with it fertile worker, nml she did well. It was
a stand of pun, Italians, very quiet nud peaces-
1 bio. W. J, A'ic.Hjon,
OuANUi.ATKn Honkv. The Jews of Moldavia
and the Ukraine, prepare from honey a sort of
1 sugar, which is solid and as white ns snow,
which they send to tho iliHtillnrlts at Dantelo.
1 Thoy oiposo tho honoy to frost fur three wocks,
1 where fieitbir huh nor snow can uh It a.i
The first and most important point In tbo J" yesst I which is n bad conductor of oslorlc,
treatment of breeding sows before furrowing Is J'v which process tho h.oney becomes rleur nnd
to supply such food as will produce the great. ' lmr,'i l,ko Hiigar
est supply of milk tor the expected litter. To """" "
do this the slop from the dairy Is as good as' Tiik Skx or Fms. In a lata Issue ot tho
any, If not the very best, whllo bran slop is Itural .tw Vurlctr, n correspondent protends
also very good, ieed very little grain, nud , to have settled the quesllou of sex In eiurs bv
that which you do feed should be given in tho studying their shape. Will you please Tnset
form of slop, mado by boiling or steaming tho the following pumgraph copied from t'ri;W.'
meal. Green food Is also vory desirable when , Jfawuholil Guide f
TrjE SwifsE Y1Da
Treatment ot Breeding Sows.
it ran be obtained, to lw used in conjunction
wnu 1111) outers; ami, in lieu oi tins, noiieil po
latots, boeU, carrots or turnips can be advan
tageonsiy used. iney snouiu be bolleil or
sttnmid, and then mashed well while hot, after
Hundreds of vears una It win Hhhk.i.i ii.ni
thu sex of egs could bo distinguished by the
shape tho cocks being produced from thoso
of elongated shape, nnd hens from thn short or
round. Others have urttnided to discern thn
nHiitut ii !' mwiuvu nvu wnia uut mtur I (illll)Ui
wmcli n quantity ot meal or bran should bo futuro sex from thn position of tin, nlr bubble
itouukiiij . .im iu. uiiH iu iii uuiii ai me large entl. w lined scarcely ssy that
neariy cooi, wnen mo ueui oi mo roois win these nnd all other fancies have hundreds of
U4(IIBUjr L'UUA tUU U1VBI , IUU Ulll WKWI 0 1
make a thick slop. A small qnantily of salt
should bo added to make tbo miss more Dalat
able, A couplo of weeks before furrowing it is
well to give the sow a Ublespoonful of flour
of sulphur, ssy three times a week. This can
be mixed with the food.
If you wish to move the sow into any par.
ticuhr pen tlo not leave It until a woek or two ' chicken or not.
neiorn farrowing, lor ll leu until ho lato the
sow is ant to become restless, aud often causes
tbe'death of some of her litter.
After farrowing, feed nothing but milk or
thin slop; or, at least, no grain food, aa such
food is too heating for her at this period. Keep
the sty clean, and well supplied with short
straw, aud give groen food or its aubstltutes as
often as necessary, Ziw Stock Journal,
time been Droved to be erroneous. Them I
not a breeder of prize poultry in Kngland, who
wonld not gladly glvo 20 for the coveted
knowledge, and theuceforth breed no more
cockerels thau bo rsally wanted; but the secret '
has never been discovered vet. nml ll U ...,.
I impossible to say before an egg has been set
upon a snori uuin wuetner It will produce a
Cor, Itunil A'eio orkrr.
KiDMxr Wosms in Hwink. A writer in the
Pralnt Fanntr says: "Kidney worm" is not
common disease in bogs. Occasion tlly one
or two in a number of hogs suffer from the
presence of one or more worms in the kidneys;
Tivxno on Tine Faum. Did any of your
readers ever think of thu amouut of travel it
takes to raise a crop of corn ? I never saw aa
illustration in print, nnd I thought I would give
you ono. I have a 20-ncre flelti. 40 by 80 rests.
To break this up would take 100 miles. Har
rowing it, about 40 miles. Furrowing out. DO
""; ,1'lantlng, miles, If with a planter;
and if dropped and then covered, 00 miles
Thus you will see it takea about 800 or 000
miles of travel to raise twenty acres of com
not counting going to or returning from the
field. Besides, there are replanting, thlnnlnc.
rolling. etc.-M . Firmer. " """.
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