WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Qood HEV-TH
Goitre.
In reference to the epidemic of goitre which
haa broken out among tho young soldiers at St.
Etlcnno. Dr. Detgcret has just made a com
mnnlcation to the Acadvmie des Sciences,
pointing out the influence of the sulphates in
the production of this disease. He states that
before the year 1835 all tho inhabitants of
Saxon in the Valais were either goitrous or
cretins. They then drink water derived from
a bank of gypsum, which on anal) sis was
found to furnish one gramme of sulphate of
lime per litre, besides some sulphate of mag
nesia. In 1835 the notable water was derived
from n spot situated far obovo tho bank of plus.
ter; and Blnco then goitre has much dimin
ished. Tho children ure no louder Bubject to
it, and before long tho disease will probably
have disappeared. .
But how docs this fact go to explain tho oc
curreuco of goitre ot St. Elienne, whoro the
water is of such excessive purity that photo
grapners use it in placo of distilled water? It
is, in fict, rain-water which falls on the primary
rocks of Mount Pilate The cause is to be
sought fur in the excess of sulphates which
gain access to the circulation through an exag
gerated muscular "dctrophla" induced by
forced exercUe In fact, as long sinco observed
by M. Chevrcul, iu order for tho health ot an
adult to bo maiutaincd good ho should weigh
tho same at tho same hour every day that is
to say, that tho anatomical elements, tho tissues
and organs, should receive assimilable princi
ples of an equal weight to that of thoso which
aro destroyed, in order to maintain tho animal
heat and to execute tho mcchauical work Im
posed upon them. If what is received docs not
equal what is expended, consumption or
anmmia takes place.
This is what is observed in tho goitrous sol
diers in barracks who aro subjected to excessive
work, and who are not fed proportionately to
tho amount of forco they aro called on to ex
pend. It is n phenomenon which presents
some analogy to what was observed among tho
Frcnoh laborers engaged during tho construe
tion of-tho Du Nore Hallway, and later lu cor
tain factories. On the other hand, wo know
that when a muscle is employed with forco ami
continuity, or when it Is submitted for a certain
time, to tho action of a continuous electrical
ourront, such muscle, burning its own sub
stance, becomes acid, and that the acids pro
duced are the sulnhurlo and phosphoric, at tho
expense of tho sulphur and phosphorous con
tained in alhumluoid principles. Under the
conditions of excessive work, thon, a mau has
circulating in his blood an abnormal amount of
sulphates, absolutely tho same as if ho had
drauk water loaded with gypsum. This is
what has ocenrred to tho soldiers iu tho bar
racks suffurlug from goitre. In support of this
theory M. Uergcret cites analysis of urine,
ulirnrlnr. that tho sulphates precipitated are
threo or four times moro abundant during the
existence, of goitre than in tho normal stato.
M. Larrey, in relation to goltro lu young
soldiers, observed that it, as well as enlarge
ment of tho cervical glands, were formerly of
much moro frequent occurranco than at pri'B
rut, the cravat having been substituted for the
stiff military stock formerly in use. Drugjhls'
Circular.
Viiysiolooical Classification or Foods.
The most rational and practical classification
is: 1st. Carbonaceous food. 2d. Nitrogenlzed
food. 3d. l'hosphorizcd food. 4th. Fresh
vegetables. Of the first bread and butter is the
type, and to it belong iu general all articles iu
which starch or flour, fat und sugar predomin
ate They aro tho fuel, serving chiefly to bus
tain the animal heat by the slow combustion of
tho carbon, given off as carbouio acid iu tho
act of respiration. Consumptive peoplv must
uso this class of food in abundance. Of tho
second, roast beef U tho typo; and, in general,
the flesh und blood of quadrupeds, which, when
t iken in one's btomoch, is rather simply ab
sorbed than digeitcd ; bocauso, being already
muscular ingredients, it needs no elaborate
change to bo appropriated into our muscular
tissues iu order to supply their waste. Hard
working peoplo need this in abundance To
tho third class belong oysters and fish, espe
cially to bo recommended to persons using
their brain much. Of the fourth class, lemous
and lemon-juloe is the typo, good for every
body, for reason of tho puritjiug, medicinal
effect ot fresh vegetables aud fruits, stimulating
ths secreting organs, kocplng tho system pure,
and counteracting all tendency to Bcorbute,
scrofula, eruptions, indigestion, constipation,
etc. Manufacturer and liullder.
What is in tiik Dedroom. The importance
of ventilating bedrooms is a lact in wmcu
everybody is vitally interested, and which few
properly appreciate. If two men ore to occupy
a bedroom during u night, let them step upon
wcighlnc-scales as thev retire and then again
in the morniug, nud they will find that their
actual weight Is at loast a pound less in tue
morniug. Frequently thero will be a loss of
one or two pounds, and tho average loss
throughout tho j ear will bemore than 1 pound;
that is, during tlio input tuero is a loss ot a
fiouinl of matter, which has gone off from their
todies, partly from the lungs, aud partly
through the pores of ths Bkin. The escaped
material is carbouio acid and decayed auimal
matter, or poisonous exhalations.
Raw Tcnsirs. Some one writes tho Herald
of Health: "I have always let my children eat
as many raw turnips as they like. I heard a
citywou.au say the other day they were not
healthy, and I believe they don't hurt onj body.
Will jou please settle the dispute for us?" The
editor answers: " Generally children aro fond
of raw turnlns, ot the flat, whlto, idrap-leafed
variety, if taken fresh from the field beiore very
old and tough. If they are scraped with a
knife they will not barm healthy, active chil
dren. If simply chewed they are not easily di
gested. As a rule, country children have bet
ter appetites and stronger powers of digestion
than city children. They get more fresh air
nud exercise. There is more waste aud more
want, hence the same rule will not apply to
both classes."
Cure rou Corns. The safest, the most ac
cessible, aud the most efficient cure of n corn
on the toe, is to double a piece of thick, soft
buckskiu, cut a hole iu it Urge enough to re
ceive the corn, and bind it around the toe. If
in addition to this the foot is soaked in warm
water for five or more minutes every night and
morning, and a few drops of sweet oil, or
other oily substance, aro patiently rubbed in
on the end after the soaking, the corn will
almost infallibly become loose enough in a few
days to be easily picked out witn a linger nail,
This saves the necessity of paring the corn.
which operation has sometimes been followed
with painful aud dangerous symptoms. If the
corn broomes inconvenient again, repeat the
process at once. iiau i journal oj iitaim.
A whites in the London Linctt thinks that
the climate of Southern California is unrivalled
in the world for softness, dryness and equably
of temperature.
An Ingenious Operation.
We And in the Richmond and Louisville
iledical Journal, an account of a most in
genious surgical operation, designed to remedy
tho inturnlug of eyelashes upon tho eyebill, in
a case ot twenty gears' standing. Tho irrita
tion of lashes thus turned in was so great, that
tho patient had been accustomed to relievo i
m ... i i in .1111 mi
himself by pull ngout his lashes. The perpet-
ual irritation had. however, produced onacltv
of the cornea of one eye, aud it was evident
mat tnis sail result would nave taken placo
with tho other in a short time, had not the
following operation been performed: "A very
Hue curved needle was threaded with a double
strand of line silk; the point of the needle was
then entered upon the tars il border of the lid,
at tho very "Pot whoro the respective hairs
emerged from tho lid -surface, ond, being
pushed outward, tuo Iront or tho needlo made
its appearance through the skin just above tho
rOW Of PVtilasllPS. WIlPIl tllft tlli.'illfl llflil trill.
d, tho double thread, with a nooso at
us ireo eiiremny, was uravui upon until me) grow tuem oil lilll slopes. VWiat cuttlugs 1
noose was ready to disappear in tho lid-tissues, don't use I havo been giving away for several
The wild hair was now pushod gently through ,v ears. I paid $12 per hundred for tho first
this noose, aud, as the thread was drawn upon I set, and then cultivated for raisins. The
until it escaped from tho cutaueous surface of habit of tho grape will havo to bo closely ob
tho lid, it drew tho vicious hair in tho same served bv tho cultivator,
direction, leaving it still attached to its hair- I havo been prompted to write these lines
bulb (for this is nil-important), but drawn because it Is too bad for a person to set out
completely through the freo border of tho lid viuejardsfor raisins, aud cultivate them for
iu n passigo. made for it by the needle, tho four years, nnd then havo nothing but dried
point ot tho hair sticking out in front through grapes, that ho can hardly sell at nnv price
tho needle puncture. The mlloiKil of the op- C. D.'Diiooks.
eratlon is, that tho hair drawn through the lid I Diamond Springs, El Dorado Co., March
w ill, by constant traction in its growth, chaugo Gth, 187 1.
tho position of the hair-bulb, nnd in this way A fluo samj lo of raisins rccompnnicd tho
correct the wild direction which it formerly inl)0.e. i.lll0 ooul..r j,Uomiration that F.l
took, to tho serious inlurv of tho patient."
Tho ingenious surgeon who performod this
operation was Professor Julian C. Ohisholtn.
Clothing or Infants. In tho first stago of
infancy warmth depends on clothing alone, for
thoro is no muscular movement.
Avoid a degree of warmth which produces
sensible, perspiration.
Flaiinol nud calico aro tho host materials in
all seasons.
Dress tho child loosely, nnd fasten with
strings, not with pins.
The umbilical cord, navel, nnd belly band,
require much attention.
Avoid keeping tho child's head too warm, or
Its feet cold.
Avoid chilllug tho child, or takiug it abroad
in cold weather.
Attend to the form nnd slzo ot tho child's
shoes, so that tho feet shall not bo cramped.
Tho practice of pluuging infants iuto cold
water, to render them hardy, is exceedingl)
dangerous
T.it n Mitlil'u wn all Inn 1m vnrv nntntilntnln ntul
carefully performed. Keep
. is .r !... ,
tuo child niwajH
perleiliy clean aud neat
ii ...-, iin,,nn t ,.im..i n, .,.i,.,i ,
where u chill lives, but never exposo It to
..... I
draughts of air.
Degiti early to form habits of personal clean
llucss and delicacy. Ex
Diadctio 1)reai).-M. Danneoy proposes tho
... il lii-iin.l until., friiii v.iiml. .1 flttiiv r.v.lii.liAlin
use of bread niudo from roasted flour fordiabetio
pntientR, instead of gluten biscuit. Ho asserts
pmieiiiB, instead oi gluten mscuit. no asserts
that roasted starch cannot bo converted into
glucose, and that bread made out of tho various
farinas so torrened is greedily eaten by pationtH I
who havo been restricted to tho ordinary pre
paration of gluten until they havo become
thoroughly disgusted. Moreover, uuder it uso
tho tbirbt lessens, nnd the digestivo dcraugo-1
incuts nro markedly ameliorated
Lands in the U. S, ol Colombia.
A number of persons in Sin Buenaventura,
,,,.,.' , , '
elesiring to obtain Bomo information in rolatiou
to tho Cuuca valley, in tho Stato of Iho samo
name, in tho Uuitid S'atcs of Colombia, havo
addressed a letter to the Colombian Consul, in
this city, asking cert tin questions, tho ausw era
to which nro of publiointircst. Senor Morales,
Iho Colombian Consul, haR permitted us to seo
the answers lo tholr questions, from which wo
condense Iho following:
TheCaucn valley is divided into two parts-
upper and lower; tlio former is elevated some
3.100 feet abovo tho sen and is 00 miles long,
(from north to south), by 12 miles in width,
This pirt of the valley is specially ndapte-d to
tho cultivation of cereals and to stock raising.
Tho lower part Is 3,300 feot abovo tide water,
and is some 123 miles long by in to 20 wide
This Bplendld part of tho valley is where Ihu
city of Call is situated, containing 15,000 in-
1.-1.1. ...... .1. 1. ..!.. . . 1
imtiortanco. This pari of the vnllev is ndsnte.l
to raisii
-.. , ..-- rf :j---"
fact, all
Tho 1
some mining
fertility
Caucn valley is unparalleled, nud tho sugar
cauos last, without replanting, ouo hundred
vears. Tho indigo gives four cuts a j ear nnd
is everlasting. The Indiau corn nud other
grains give two crops a jear. Tho tobacco pro
duced in the lower part of the valley equals
that of Cuba. Tho coffee, cocoa and banana
plantations yield very abundant crops. Thero
is plenty ot natural food for cattle tho jear
round.
Tk ..!, nt lon.l ,.l il. ii. i. i.,
wSoWSSl at ?di ioTffii"sar, ce
from the . towns.and it is the" opinion tf. the
Coiuul that it will go higher, on account of the
railroad, especially near uaii,
Tho climato is considered as excellent, and
the temperature varies ouly between C3 degrees
and bC degrees,
The valley has now some 200,000 inhabit
ants, and, of course, is not et fully settled up,
tuero ueing plenty oi room lor more.
mo railroad irom iiueuaveuum to uali is
being built slowly, but will bo finished within
m . .
two or three jears.
"
Fly llww.-It is a common idea that Iho
. , . ,
appearance of maggots iu meat, cheese, etc., is
the cause of the taint which is always found
when theyprosent themselves; but it is just
tho contrary, tor the odor caused by Ihe com-
, , "" , , , , , """y" ') ,uo lw'"
mencing decAy is that which guides the parent
intect to the depositing of its eggs in situations
where its offspring will Ond congenisl nourish-
uibli, uuu v.u:i mrj Y.111 cicji u ueiuieirti
influence by reconverting int- a living struc-
lure much that would otherwise pass iuto utter
'fmSiMil SlC.' ' ''"". "'"y c ""ve cuttings when they prum.
dJ'l.iliTy'-ncu'lKh
... !., - nii. i .in. i .' din in leiiuiu. uini imiiv uiu iiiie, iiuu nuuii
in i.-iiriit-ii uii i ud le-riiiuv ui luu
decay, ana uy mus uiiuinisuing, 11 not euireiy to tho rrairxt farmer, sajs: journey wnure
checking, the obnoxious tflluvU that would be you w ill, j ou aro nev er out of sight of tho v lue
given off during the process. The voracity of vards, Kveu tho fields devoted to grass nnd
these larvm is enormous, and the rapidity of
their growth nud complete developement is
most wonderful They have been found to in-
crease in weight as much as two hundred times
in the course of a single day, and a few iImjs
are sufficient for them to go through all the
stages of their growth and tranbformatiou, and
lo produce another generation. Three flesh-
files and their immediate progeny (each female
giving birth to at least 20,000 young) would
devoar the carcass of a dead horfce with greater
celerity than a lion would accomplish the same
feat.
TE VlfJEYD.
California Raisins.
From the PtclBc Kuril Pitm.)
Kpitors 1'itrss: I have seen several in
quiries iu the Uurai. for information iu regard
turnisim. I send vou n gntupl of those I
raise and cure. Tho raisins are made from tho
.-Malaga Muscat." or Muscat ot Alexandria;
nnd. niter n Inner nnd close investigation . I nin
satisfied In mv own mind that this is the raisin
of commerce, and no other grape will make a
raislu at all, but will slmplv bo diled grapes
when cured, except the "ltoyal Muscadine,"
which makes a fair raisin, though smaller and
seed larger. I Lave had several hundred boxes
of these rat-dus in market the last two rears,
mid limn lnul inntiv letters nf romiiipnihitinn
aud inquiry in regard to them.
1 find it to bo n profitable business. They
have brought iu tho Sau Francisco market,
ll.la .elt.A If. oaiiI hap ii.Min.t . 1mt...i..1i. T
ni extending my viuejard of Ihetn every jear:
Dorado county can produco a good quality of
this valuable nrtlclo of commerce Kps.
l'ntss.
Grape Culture.
We havo never yet heard ot rot appearing in
grapes of tho first or second j cars bearing.
Wo believo that It is because, up to this time,
there has been but little pruning done. You
disturb the functions of tho vino by close prun
ing nud over cropping. It gives the vino too
much root.
If you havo n largo root power, a great quan
tity of crude, um incited sap is taken np. It is
the raw material to maku hap ot. It goes to
tho foliago nud is thero rlaWatcd and changed
into true sap, so as to bo made into fruit, wood
1 . 1.. .I. . ...1 l...lil... .... 12....
null ri'Ml in lllli iiuht nun iii'iiuuj nnj. tjii-
poso jou have n vine, and roufino it tu a stake,
say six feet high, year after year, or to a trellis
which is six feet high, with lateral nrms nix
feet lornr. nnd von havo root power sufllcicnt to
carry it forty feet in every direction, It is clear
llml If .rtii ilrt tin) itlitn it iivimiulMtt ti n.iitttit
!"'.. i, li it ..: ""';
liavo tuo lonago in uauormo mai e-ruuu sup
lut'i tho true sap. What happens? Why, this
J"1'10' "ril,elica S1T surchllr "i6 Rr"l,ft-
Win... kla i,ttil.i unti l.AuitiiiA nnl in llm f.rnti..
I tho circulation of tho sap in the vine, nud all Its
natural processes, aro Impelled for want of full
1 ago, and the berry Is engorged with iiuripo sap
mm itiA niWann nf tliii iipmin II In ulitnliii-inil
, ,, unt,.,0 tlco whicn ,,,; tIl0 flnrr fl,7,0.
.. . I - ' . . . ..
t lions of the crapes como iuto pi iv, charges tlio
s roH ,y n-ud , ft.,0 ,;0MNhes arid falls,
'ivxas Fanner
' '
Manure tor the Grape.
Tho following, taken from a work on " Man
I uring tho Vineyurd," is good advice Wo aro
of tho opinion that Iho application of n coin
I post thus made, will benefit n viuejard, how
I ever rich or poor tho soil may be.
" It is neither desirable nor necessary to im-
i part to the viuo too much liixurlniisiiess. As
I k1 thing, not enough imMrtanco is at-
tached to a rational method of manuring, often
rC(ll.mi t0 UKt tho growth of tho vine.
though an excessive system ol manuring will
elolay tho ripening of Ihe gropes, and Impair
HTZSi
hhould not only furnish (o tho vino nourish
incut, but also impart to it warmth. Further,
' """"iro should ho used which usslst the
growth of Iho wooi, but which docs not pro-
inoto tho jield of tho vine
"Iresh nuliiml mauuro is not miltablo for
vinojards, ns It coutalns loo muclinl rogeuous
iiourisuiiieut of excisslvo richness. It is thorei-
foroadvlsablo lo mix with it masses ol ground.
'"' the purnoso of prootiy dividing the. man-
uro' Good ground is mixed with niilmnl man-
JlroS horn Bhavlugs ashes, bones sawdust, elry
loaves, muck, etc, iu heaps; which must bo
'"''interned frequently with wutcr.ele, and fro-
quently stirred or mixed togother.
mmt m -
. i,ax CtnTINOS.-If Oily of our readers who
should bo used for such purposes. Our method
Is to save tho best wood, Lulling it into suit
able lengths, each tutting or slip having three
eyes, and then bury iu the ground, whoro tliey
call remain until spring, when they should
bo taken up nud set out in beds to grow,
The bid should bo dug to tho depth of ten
inches to n foot; and, if tlio soil should bo Htiff,
quito an amount of Hind should bo added to
it. Tho cuttlugs Hhould bo set two-thirds of
luvir leiigiu oriuw mu minute, uuu ine uruiiiiii
" rtilSl S?'
?")eJ L' I.." t .?,"':' '
their length heluw the surface, und the ground
them will be fit to transplant tho next season
In this way plants can bo secured at small
cost. Kv cry owner of even a rod of land should
have sumo grapevines. They take but little
room, und yield largo crops of luscious fruit.
Kichamje,
Uses or Giui'fcs. Men cau live, and work on
gripes and bread. The peasantry of France,
IKI ll'Vn Ullll UIVHUI
Sna-,n ftuJ jtaly mko manv tt HlUll((yUK I11(ai
' i ,1. .... ,,,,,1 ,. n, tti,i. ,,' UJ i .i,
M ,lu,r au Lo' ll0 aon,tt Medical men con-
1 staidly recommend the use of grapes for thilr
!- He-'rcely nuy plant can equal the
viuo as regards the beauty of its haves mid
lraiu As a covering for baro walls, and for
affording shelter und shade, it Is a elimber of
tho first rank. To sit under one's own vine,
' J' JK " eorisideriel the acini, ol
rural haprilness.an emblem of peace, u symliol
0( plem y, aud u piolure of contentmeut. Timt
nleuhiire. though perhaps not in all its fulnnss.
,nuy become the heritage of thoiuauds iu these
tiinperatoclimis ltnium Harden,
Giui r in Italy. I'rof. Oregory, iu a letter
grain are made to produco their harvest of
grapes, upheld by the trees; and the hill. sides
am thick with vine. In Germany tho vine is
planted in rows aud squares two or three feet
apart, and truiued to short stakes. In Italy,
until I reached the viciuity of Homo, I scarcely
saw n stake in a vineyard, Iho supports being
almost exclusively growing trees. The vines
run from tree to tree, but are not left to spread
over the tops. Living trees seem lo bo pre-
ferrtd throughout Italy for supporting tho
vine. Mildew is prevented by spnukliug the
fruit with powdered sulphur.
linvn lumrlnrp nrmin vllieil WISH In miso n Inw
Quiriis. V.uitors Frkss; Uuder head of
"Grapes Hcst Vaileties," iu your issue ot
Feb. 28, l'entlixud ltros. stato that the Muscat
should bo planted fivo feet apart, each way. I
am intending to plant several acres of Muscat
vines this spriug; had decided on seven feet
each way. Am deeply Interested iu starting
out right. Would lVntiand llros. favor our
readers with a more extended communication,
giving fivru reason for planting Muscat vines
only llvo by five feet, while) favoring eight by
eight for Morocco? Also how they would
pliut 1 laming Tokay ami wacK iiamuurg.
T. F. Cnorr.
Los Angeles, March 8th, 1874.
From the 8. F, I'acljk J.'iiruf J'rrw.
Gnu'K Thkllis. For n few jears past, I
havo used a spiral spriug, inndo of No. 8 or 10
wire, fastened to the ends of Iho horizontal
wires. This nllow s for all tho strain which can
bo inado by the changes of tho wenther. And
this method requires no fixing or adjusting, as
the method recommended by Mr. It. M.Soule.
-Villi Ilecorder,
SrjEEf Iq Wool.
Success with Sheep.
Thero have been indications for soma time,
aud from various quarters, that woeil is golug
to advance in price. Tho demand appears to
bo heavy lu Kugland, nud this affects our own
market. We havo watched tlio sheep aud
wool business for twenty jears, duriug which
time thero wero several panics, sheep being
butchered for Ihe-li pells and tallow; but im
mediately after, prices ruse, and then every
sheep wiis saved. Meanwhile, thoso who kept
on steadily and sold at Iho golug prices havo
done well; while those who held woeil over n
year thereafter wero well paid. The truth is,
there is no better business, jear nfler jenr,
than that of t-hcop husbandry, and for the rea
son that the increase of our population is ho
const int and great ns to keen up a steady de
mand for all kinds of woolen fanrlos, As it has
been iu the past, so Is it quite certain to bo in
the future, and thoso who havo sheep may
safely get more, lint let not inrxperleured
men rush iu, fcr complete kunwlrdgo is re
quire! nnd constant attention, Tho best wny
to ci t a cood flock of sheep is to raise them.
In cause thero aro but few chances to buy hucIi
sheep ns will pay to keep unless at n high
price He who has good sheep knows it as
well as anybody else; und, as a general thing,
If ho offers to sell sheep, they will be culls.
A beginner should buy a few good American
Merinos, say froui twenty to fifty; and if they
aro really good that is, joung mid free from
disease there is moro inereaso and money lu
them than in a flock of TilH) culls, old, scabby
and otherwise unsound. In fact, such sheep
aro not worth tho fceel required to winter them,
and tho best use to make of tliiiu is lo send
them to the butcher, if that Is allowable, lly
commencing with n few sheep a pnlns-tnkiuu
man can learn how to nianiigo them ns fast as
tliey grow; Peing like some school learners,
who learn as nisi as tiirirscnoiars no. it win
take from three to live years to learn the sheep
tiusinesn, and by that tliiui the tlook Hliould be
of respectable Bir.e. Wo hardly know of liny
Instance of joung men going blindly into the
business with MM) head who had not lost their
whole investment ..V. 1". Tribune.
Angora Goat Prospect.
llecauso thero has not been any large ship
incuts of film Angora llceeo by the breeders on
this coast, certain papers uro questioning the
profitableness of breeding Angora goats. Now,
wo think they aro it little too fast in their dis
trust. It is only n few years sinco tho first
puro Angora was brought lo tills coast, nnd but
very few havo over l'en brought hero at all,
l'lio breeding with tho common or Mexican
goat so as In produce a grade HUfllciontly high
to shear 11 lino griuln nf mohair, lakes several
j cars with the utmost care Tho breeders of
Hitch gnats aro 1 uciiitriiged with most remarka
bin success, as any 0110 can seowhi will visit
(he various flocks over tho Htatn. l'mm
tills timo'on wo will seo Iho results of
this closo system of brooding, iu largo ship
mints of mohair, inw-nslng every jeur. The
timo Hpcut in "breeding up" from Iho common
goat ns n basis, Is not lost, although it has been
slow- work. Any sensible person that knows
an j thing about breeding, ought to bo nblo to
comprehend tho facts in tho case. It is only
occasionally that anything less Ihan a thirty
ouo thirty-second breed will maku a lino floce-u,
and souiu of Ihoui even show the common
go it kenip too plentifully. Hut after an ani
mal Is very nearly pure breed, it only lakes a
few vears to produco from them lu their pro
giliy tho qualities required. As lo manufac
turing the mohair, (hero are now 1 1cm 11 maiiii
factorlis iu tho world, and three iu Ihu I'nited
Ktales, where it is worked into fabrics When
tli-i mati rial becomes plentiful Ik re and it
will now iu 11 khoit time there will probably
bo machinery iu California for spinning tho
mohair into glossy threads, Such uiachllii ry
will not cost ninth and tho spun jam will be
in demand to mix with wools in manufactur
ing Ihu finest fabrics, lo give a lu tru to the
cloth, '1 hero is uotu more sanguliiusetof mill
iu the statu than tlio breeders of Aiiguiit goats,
ami thev havo every 1 canon to be, as tho busl
ue ss is sure 1 1 become one nf tho very best 1111
Ihu continent. Thero is aire adv 11 demand ex
ceeding tint supply fur such floe.cn, aud it will
increase fasti r than Iho supply cull possibly,
Colnrado A'jrlralUuM
Wool Growing.
F.aeh jear Urn United States imports large
qilHiititiis of wool nnd woolen goods. Ills
also a fact that while tho population of the
country Is rapidly Increasing, the amount of
wool made each ear is actually diminishing,
especially In Ihu Northern States Tim cause
of this is tho high prim of land, tint cost of
raising grain und hay to ft ed the m through the
longwintir.
Australia transports wool thousands of miles,
imvs a high duty, mid then undirsills our
Northern wool growers
In our own Ktato wool can bo grown as cheap
ly as iu Australia, 'Iho soutliirn part of our
ht do is admirably ndoptid In sheep raising;
and, though thousanilsarn now there, still there
is room for thousands more.
Kliieo our government has shown ho little ills
position to relieve the settlers on the Itlo
Grande from tho Mexican ibpreditlous con
stantly being perpetrated upon the stock of
that hoetlon, the, stockmiu havo commenced
paving moro attention to sheep raising; as thise
robbers diem the sheip not worthy of their
notice. Recent reports from thatsttllon dem
onstrate that sheep, though requiring more
care, pay better than cattle, and that many of
the leading stook men uro contemplating this
change of luetics.
As our population becomes more de-uso, and
our paature Unds grow smaller, it appears to
us that our farmers will find shee p much more
profitable thau cattle 7'rxai Farmrr,
1e Dnvr-
The Cheese Market of 1873.
Tho following summary ot tho dairy nows
and reports for 1873 wo oil) from the Utlca
Herald, It will bo of interest lo overy farmer
ho is engaged in Iho production of butler
and cheese. Those statistics show1 a rapid in
ert asp in the amount of product for each jear.
The demand for butter ond cheeso for foreign
export is much larger than it ever has been
before. F.uglaud, which formerly depended ou
her home supply, Is each year demanding moro
and more from America, aud tho prospects aro
that wo will lu time supply n very largo propor
tion ot that which is consumed in tho United
Kingdom.
Tlio situation may bo taken lu a glance
New York city is the great gathering placo fcr
tho dairy products of Ibis countrj. Cheeso
can claim eminence as an international dairy
product, nnd wo take it to indicate tho 'dairv
increase. A review- of the last three years will
lu sufllcicnt fur our purpose. The rectlpt of
cheese in New York, in 1871, was $1,451,721
boxes: in lg7J, l,i'.l!0,070 boxes; In 1873,
1,01)7,776 boxes. Tlio Inereaso ot receipts dur
ing 1873 over 1871, it nppcars, was ;uoro than
half n million boxes, o more Ihan thirty-two
and ono-half millions of pounds, 'Ibis is but
a single Indication of growth; il ntVnrds but n
partial Indication of the extent of the industry
in tho West, where the cheiso-makers have not
only cut oft the western demand for eastern,
made eheoe, but havo forwarded, largo sur
pluses for export from our cash rn coast.
Tho figures do not indicate! tho rapid growth
nf tho factory system in soma of our outljing
regions, as lu Maine, where, according lo the
report of the Stato Hoard of Agriculture, dur
ing the jear just closed twenty factories wero
erected, and wido preparations nro making for
it 1 irgo building up iu the spring iu various
sections of tho State Maine Is a now dairy
region, nud tho industry is sprouting thero with
much promise of great jield. In tho north
west the extension of tho dairy manufacture Is
marked, and propositions nro continually com
ing to central Now York for men competent lo
guide tho new enterprises, lint, velufo proofs
of great annual inereaso in production and In
dications of proportionate inereaso during tho
coming vojr uro received, the fact of the in
creased demand for Iho product comes to cheer
those who fear that thero may bo nn over-production.
Tho I'uglish markets iiave behaved
iiolly in stowing away the enormous amounts
of American cheese which have been placed
upon them during tho last year. Kuglund Is
our great present hope; nud, dangerous as trust
iu such n foreign demand may Room when
viewed in the certain lights, r.nglaud promises
well, nud them is little present alternative but
to trust her. It is Intorvstlng to unto how the
l'.ngllsh consumption keeps pace with our in
creased production. From Ihe official table a of
tho imports and exports of Iho United Kingdom,
which wo have just received, for Ihe first eleven
months of 1873, it appears that thero wero im
portesl 1211,089,200 pounds of chi ese. Tho im
porlallon of cheese lor tho corn sponding eleven
mouths of 1872, was DS.20S. UK); an inereaso
during the months of 1873 ot 27,880,800
pounds. Thu declared valuation of cheeso
purchased abroad by l'tiglaiul during the first
eleven montliK of 1873 Is given by tho official
returns nsf 18,810,(120.
As to thu art and science of dlsMultlon, it is
ni cessary to speak more definitely. A mark
nf dairy progress appeared in tho organization
nf the New York Hotter and Choose l'.xchango,
which sprang from tho demand fur its labors,
Into quick and wide utility. It is an achieve
ment nf tho past year, nud It sends it delegate
tu tlio convention lo contribute Items of its
knowledge concerning tlio best disposition of
dairy products, Able essays havo been laid
before former conventions on this snbjt ct, but
lionu boro with it Mich weight as lies with tho
communications of thu Hotter and Cheese Kt
ohange. Wo linpu mid trust Unit in Its utter
iiiicis it will bo but true to thu fact of Its exist
ence; it will then bo practicable and its recom
mendations valuable. It Is certain, beij und n
doubt, that much value Is sacrificed by unwise
package, untimely shipment and iusiifllcleiit
curing, or by all thoso combined lu certain
oases. It Is well that they who havo tho hand
ling of thu products at it great center like New
York, should glvo tin lr experience lo the men
whoso province lies mainly lu thu division of
production, lleisldes, Ihu details of preparation
for sale, tho whole matter of marketing tho
manufactured article, should bo better under
stood. Great progress bus been made since tho
old blindness gavn wnv lo Iho Interior Hoards
of Trade, and the spreading nf tho newspaper,
but progress can yet bo made, Something musi
bo iluuo to remove the i leineuts nf sulcldo which
are too often pushed Into llio eheeso box and
butter package, or which force themselves upon
Ihoui at e-crtuiii times nud scusniis. It is tho
part nf thu manufacturer to render his product
safe and durable; It is the part nf tho manufao
tun r and dialer to compare notes and wnrk
Ingi ther to fctruighteu mid maku smooth thu
channels nf trade, and to sen tu it that safety
and durability havo freo course to do their pel
feet, profitable work. Dairymen nud dealers
have iiiadn great advance In their under
standing nf i noli other, but thero will bo oppor
tunity to lucre usu Iho knowledge, lo perceive
that the Interests of each other aro closely
ullli d.
Can't Fink Him.WIiii? Why, tho man
that makes poor butter. Wu have hunted high
and low for that 'man, but ho has not shown
his fae.ii. livery man makes tho best butter iu
tho State, and would black the eyu of tho man
whnsujshe don't. Hut, somehow, there is a
wnndi rf ill iliffereiicn iu butter, Wu have it all
gradiH aud shades, from tho sweet, rich palate
able, golden huis, that is ns tempting us aro
tho twenty dollar pieces, behind tho counter
nf a bank, to Ihu cheesy.green mid white colors
of u pot of soap grease, with n smell about as
Inviting iih that of barrel of whale oil, and n
tasto well, we don't know Iho taste--wo havo
not been able to get that lar along yet.
Who wim, do it? Urn, Amos Adams, Master
of Franklin (Iran re, iu Suursiueuto county,
writes that thu Dairjliu-u farmers in his vi
eiiiity are desirous of establishing n cheese
factory in tl.clr midst, mid offer any one wish
ing to e iigngu iu Ihe enterprise a good luy . Our
neighbors of Franklin Grange are right, ths
he it of the lut-rior vallovs will not allowthom
lu maku Ihu best butter, but cheeso will do bet
ler in a warm cllmut), and is perhaps more
profitable even iu a dim itu suilahle for butter
making
To correct tho weight of a platinum crucible,
Dr.F. Muhr recommends that a brass or leaden
weight be prepared a little heavier thau the cru
cible. This is placed ou the right baud pan of
tho balauce, aud tho crucible exactly counter
iKjisid by a rider ou Ihu left baud sldo of the
(team, home advlcu Is also given as regards
thu correction of tho weight ol the crucible af
ter Ilia weighing.
GiurK stones aud dried sweet potatoes are
making about aa even fight for the name of
coffee,