u
...fr.atfi'w e-m uw
6
WILLAMETTE FARMER.
i
UseJl IjJfOFTiori.
f
Separatlrn of Gold and Silver from
Lead.
But llttlo in known, to tlioso not enqagod in
the IjubIuckh, o( the mcthodi employed In this
country lor nopnrating gold nml nilvcr from
impurn lend; nnd wo bcliovo tlio following factH,
gnthortd by our reporters, will lio found of in
terest:
Two grades of impuro lend nro exported from
Utnb to tho. Uvstcrn StntcH for refining. Tho
impuritioH nru gold find Hilvcr, which couirrmnl
cato a superior hardness to tho lend, and nlo
iuercaho itH fusibility. These ingredients, how
over, however, do not oxlst in Hiilllcicnt propor
tion to wnrrnnt th application of tlio cuprl
proccm, or rather tho Ions of lend would bo ho
;reiu lis 10 lunar iiiu ujutiiiivij iuu uAjn-unive,
'In, InwMt urndo coiitiiiiiH 80 otinccH of silver
mi.l 1 nt void to tin ton: tlio other made.
known us Urn It. 0. M. bullion, contain 120
ounces of hilvcr and -1 of (old p r ton of bullion,
llonldo tbwto coinpouunlri, eurtnln proportions
of iintimony mid occasionally u tnicu of
nrHouio enter into thu composition of thu bul
lion, Tlio bullion in flrHt placed in kettles nnd
molted to refill" it. I n this process tho dross,
which Hues to tho Ktirfuoo o( thu metal during
tho melting, coutnlim tho greater part of tho
impuritlcH, Htich m ntitlmotiy, biHUiuth, eto.
Till dross Ih afterward roQnod Hepuriitoly In an
npproprinto furnaco. This having been re
moved, tho melted metal in drawn off into a
larger kettle. It in tlicuco removed to other
kettlen, and a certain proportion of rlnoaddoil,
tho quantity beating a fixed ratio to tlio quan
tity of Hilvcr already in thu metal. In thu
working of each sample of bullion a preliminary
ubhiiv Ih noctmxary tu determine thu proportion
of silver.
When tho metal is melted with tho zlno,
a Blow lire Ih employed; nnd, ax tho process
gnus on, an alloy of silver uml .Ino flm-H to thu
surface, Thu latter U nklmmi d oir, and placid
iu a plumbago crucible, provided with a neck
similar to a retort. Tim crucible Ih then placed
In one of On Knur's furnaces, which is ho
nrrnngid tlmt it can bo tilUd by the aid of it
wheel attached to tho furnace. Tho ziua is
here distilled oil", and condenioa In thu tube or
neck, which Ih attached to tho crucible. A
att of thu Ilia Ih driven oil' as oxide, mid IIiIh
s loht, but abnnt two-thirds of it muMIiuih In
tho neck of thu crucible. When tlio tube is
removed, thu inn is withdrawn therefrom, and
lined again ill a himllar operation. It will bo
rumenibi red that silver ln Its ut about thu name
temperature at which xlno is volatilized.
'lliu metal remaining in thu crucible, cousIsIh
of gold, silver, and lead, thu latter in small
quantity. This having been withdrawn, tlio
precious metals aru separated from thu lead by
ctipullalion. Thu resulting gold and silver
are then mil into ingots, and the silver removed
by nitric acid, or bv whatever incline! nmy bo
luost convenient. In tills mixture of gold and
liver, gold forms from one-half to ouu and a
half per cunt, Hume idea of thu magnitude of
thu operation may bu furmed from thu follow lug
fuels regarding a large eotahlislimeut. They
claim a weekly production of silver of about
l'J.UOO ounces, and it proportionate quantity of
lead, (leneridlv, tlio process returns about H'J
percent, of thulead which was In the bullion, at
thu commencement of thu operation. They
use cast iron kettles in tlio process of separa
ting thu silver from thu lead by the aid of ino,
each catmlile of holding two tons of bullion.
Twelvii of lti Knur's tilting fiiriiacim aru tntd,
each cupola holding about '!' pounds of mi tab
Four refining lurnaccs aru used, two capable ol
u I'haigu of It tons each, ouu of 1- tuns, and ouu
of li! tons. run .!'
Improved Seeders.
In a new form of sctd planter, Invented by a
Mr, Koeller, of Illinois, thu bottom of thu sctd
Ihii li formed witli a circular recess in its cen
ter, in lliu sldeH of which aru ful mid hints to
reecho tlie sliding bar, by thu uitoemeiils of
which tlie dropper it operated. To thu center
of tbo bottom is iittaclud a projection which
passes up through the sliding bar mid forum n
pivot for a star wheel, which is made with
woven rajs, Ihu outir ends of uhicli are made
morn inclined upon ouu t dgu than thu other, ho
that thu point or extreme end of the arum may
bo at ouu side of lliuradius panning through tlie
renters of thu said arms. 'In thu upper side of
thu sliding bar atu attached two wedge-shaped
projections, which tit into thu space between
thu raH(i( the star wheel, and which alternate
ly strike nu arm of tho wheel and turn It
through bate thu space o I nun arm. The drop
ping plate is made In the form of a circle with
Its middle purl cut away, and is carried around
bv and witli tho star wheel, In thu dropping
plate, near its outer edge, aru tunned fourteen
IioIck, arranged In a circle and nt equal distances
apart, which receive thu seed from the hopper
and carry it to thu discharge hole thiough the
iHiltom, Ihiongh which it falls Into the guide
spout that conducts it to thu ground. I'pou
lliu lower side of thu sliding bar is foimed a
piojcction which works tu a slot in lliu bottom,
and In thu end of which U pUutid thu uud of a
bar, the other end of which is pivoted to a
bar, which It lu turn pivoted to the coudiic
tor spout so as to detain thu corn in thu
conductor spout. This is operated at each
movement of the sliding Uir to allow the corn
to drop to thu ground.
Another new machine, a grain drill, is de
Hcrihcd as follows: A long grain hopper ex
tends across thu front portion of thu machine
with a chamWr Into wlilch thu grain tweapes
through thu paa-mgc, which it legtilntod by a
gatu. Thu side ol this chamber is made to tit
nearly ball around a small drooping roller con
tabling pockets, opposite which there are slots,
through which the grain pasics into thu KHkets
Tlie roller lias as many pockets as tin re aru to
bu drills lu thu machine, and each pocket dl
charges into u spout for sewing in drills. Tlie
drill stools (inty be readily re I can d for adjust
ment or removal. 'I he dropping sHiuts Ur
inliiato over the drill lubes, and have, when
the machine Is to lm used for planting, a gate
or valve closing nguiul thu lowrr end by a
sprhig shank to retain thu grain until it should
tall into thu hill.
Nkw tiuiumm. Okvicks. Two grcnt surgical
novelties havo Utel) Isn lutrmlucisl into l. Uto
pian hosplljl practice, Thu tint is thu aspirator,
originated by Dr. I' rtmilh, which ban la-en
extensively employed by Dr. Dlcillafov, of
Pari, lly this Instrument lltlids e.in bo ex
tracted from formations at seme dit inco from
thu kiirfitou with satttv sad ivrtatnty Thu
MHMiid novelty is Iho introduction of "n blood
less method of umputnllou and other operatlous
on the llmU. bv uirrtiis of a compressing baud
age, by which the limb is bUuched by it clrcu
Ur lUatio cord, which compresses both the
arteries and veins of tbu limb. This plan, pro
iomh1 by Frofeuor lUiuarvh, has Usu adopted
ly many hospital surgeous. It iriualus to l
Seeu whether there urn any drawbacks to this
system, sud especially whether, lu certalu
cases, embolism i llksly to result from ills-
Uecmelil of clot, which may have already
oruied iu the Velus of dsuisgrd lllub, .Voi
vJiflc 'nrriom.
Carbolic Acid.
Carbolic acid, in some of tho various forms
in which it is offered to tho public, is one of
tho most popular disinfectants, and deservedly
so. For simplo disinfection, where the cause
has been removed, nothing is superior to tho
ncid itself, cither concentrated or in solution.
It is extremely useful in nick rooms and simi
lar places for cleansing the vessels which havo
been used, and n Htunll quantity of it added to
tho water In which the clothes are washed, will
effectually destroy ah germs of diseaso which
may bo present. For disinfecting tho air of a
destroys any organto matter with which it may
como in contact, the carbolio acid being set
freo. It is extremely convenient and useful in
all places where decaying matter is found. A
little of it scattered two or three times a week
aronnd a swill-pail or other offensive object,
keep it perfectly sweet, and will alsodriveaway
all the flics from tho vicinity Journal of Chem
istry. A New Acoustic Pyrometer.
It will be remembered that, Bomo time ago,
wo gave nn account of an acoustic, pyrometer,
flame will be edentulated; in the contrary case
tho indentations will diminish, and this is as
much more as the difference of length of the
tubes is more nearly equal to on unequal num
ber of half wave lengths. In the latter ovent
the flame takes in the mirror, the aspect of a
ribbon; and by noting the changes in its ap
pearance tho calorific state of the air in tho
tube in the furnace is determined, I fthe tem
perature is elevated, the length of wave aug
ments and a clearly defined interference Is
shown by the flame in the mirror. If, during
the continuance of the experiment, tho move
able tube be gradually elongated, it will be easy to
Effects of Heat on Textile Fabrics.
Becent experiments on disinfection by means
of heat, made by Dr. Hansom, of Nottingham,
Bhow that white wool, cotton, linen, bilk, and
paper mav be boated to 250 F., for three hours
without apparent Injury; although the wool
will show a faint change in color, especially
when new. The same may be said of dyed
wools and printed cottons, and most dyed silks;
but one kind of white silk easily turns brown
by this heat, and pink silks of some kinds are
also faded by it. Tho Bamo temperaturo will,
if continued for a longer period, slightly change
Improve Your Ponltryi!
IT COSTS NO MOKE TO
KEEP GOOD FOWLS THAN POOR ONES.
Blooded Fowls! Fowls for Pleasure! Fowls for Profit!
I Mhl V iCVl&. iik. J"
LIGHT BRAHMAS.
t'lfc. .ifcp.,r7TMr
DARK BRAHMAS.
OAKLAND POULTRY YARDS,
CORNER OF 16TH AND CASTRO STREETS,
OAKLAND, CAL.
Constantly on hand and for Sale, tho following varieties of land and aquatic Fowls, viz;
Light Brahmas, Dark Brahmas, Buff Cochins, White Cochins, Partridge Cochins, White Leghorns, Brown Leghorns, Houdans, Golden Spangled Polish, Silver
Spangled Polish, White Polish, Whito Crested Black Polish, Golden Spanqled Hamburgs, Silver Spangled Hamburgs, Aylesbury Ducks, Rouen Ducks
and Bronze Turkeys. Also, Golden Sebright Bantams, Black Red Game Bantams, Silver Duckwing Game Bantams
ANll THK FOI.l.OWIMI VAItlKTItH OF PKIFOSH, WHICH
HAVi: JUHT JIKKil IHX'I.IVKII HtOM ONI". OF Till!
mmr fancikhb attiik kht, viz.i
Black Carriers, White Carriers,
Almond Tumblers & Yellow Fautails.
Tho nliovu vnriotioH of FowIh can lo scon on
tiny day nt my ynriln, whoro thoro is a koopor in
(ioiiHliuilitttenilanoa to conduct visitors nround
tlio promises, nml I hIiouM profer nil per ho ns
wishing to buy otock to ttolcct their own birds
if practicable.
I wish to nay to my old patrons that I hnvo
tlua year imported now (dock of each of tho
varieties of Fowls uiuntionod in this ndvortiso
inent, mid can furnish to thoso domring to intro-
diu'o "nkw iii.ooii" into tlioir Mock, fowls
which 1 iiiiiiriintco to bo no kin to tlioso bought
of mo provioiiHly. I'nrtii'H buying of ino inny
bo assured that thoy will bo dealt with liberally,
nnd Unit every Fowl or Kgg leaving the promises
will bn cuiiriiiiteed trim to mime.. If found to
bn other wi'ho the money will bo refunded im-
WHITE LEGHORN
COCK.
modiatoly. 3Iy advortisomont will bo found
constantly on tho last pngo of this patior, and
all now varieties of stock rocoived will bo duly
announced.
GAME FOWLS!
Warranted, to Htniul Htuol!
HLUE riLK GAMES,
KED 1'ILE GAMES,
DLAOK 11ED GAMES,
WHITE GEORGIAN GAMES,
UEATUWOOD GAMES,
E.VKL OF DEltBY GAMES.
Eggs, $12 per dozen,
Thoio games havo just boon rocoived from tho
Eist, and havo won 1st irizos whorovor exhibit
ed. Tlio Bluo Files won 1st premium at Hart
ford, St. Louis and Buffalo, 1872; tho Hoath
woods at Dotroit, 1872; tboDcrbysnt liar t ford,
1873,
Tlilw Ih No Ilumlnit;.
THE DOCUMENTS OAK BE FBODUOED.
SEND IN YOUR ORDERS EARLY IF YOU DESIRE EGGS FROM SOME OF THE FINEST GAME BIRDS IN AMERICA.
BRONZE TURKEYS.
I tun this your broodinK tYom my Prizo Qobblor, " COLOSSUS," weighing 47 1-2 lbs., and 4 Hens, averaging 22 lbs.each. Eggs, $2 per doz
EflftS I'AOKKH CAHKFUIjLY in inv Fatcnt Handled Boxes with Elnstio Bottoms, nnd guaranteed to carry snfoly to any part of tho country.
FOWLS CAREFULLY COOPED AND DELIVERED,
WITH SUFFICIENT FOOD FOB THE JOUIINTA', AT THE OFFIOE OF WELLS, FARQO A- CO., IN OAKLAND.
ISO VOWT-N 0 MGGS HENT C. O 1 . EXCEPT TO O H, X CUSTOMEBW.
For furtbor particulars sond stamp for Illustratod Circular to
ZXi i bT r.vN-
HPV1BBBBBB ""-"r tfBMBttBfeT-VlBkK MA
GEO. B. BAYLEY,
P. O. Box 659, San Francisco,
GENERAL AGENT FOR THE -POULTRY WORLD,"
A montl
am1
lily tuftgazino devoted entirely to Fou
1 proflt. Subscription, 31.25 a year.
oultry: tolls how to keep Fowls fornleasuro
Send 10 ets. for a samplo uumbor.
t z. .
AYLESBURY DUCKS.
IltaMo Mtato wliero yim hum" IIiIm Advert ttmtiit.
HOUDANS
Uk riuiiii i tow tlroiH may Ih nut uion n hot
khoM'l or mow li.l, or uny iirticlo llmt will r-
tiiill ttn Imlt (or MIUIK tlliiu. II iim inn iitnnu
dovivrtl by l'rofwuor Mjor, of thu Steveuslu
titiit. 'tbu iiriuclpal 011 vrhich thu iutru-
uiunt in liimrit u tli mrtatton 01 in icnui i
tliRotlutttdiwiiot ttijure elothnit! or mot.il ' mmorons wvr iiu ir. whn tho Ummliiri.
Mtlrlo with which tho nihir i-ouii't in mtot. , of tho Utter U changed.
It khmil.1 ho nM with rare, however, thot M. Clima iUtea, in Let IfoiidM. that iu
llciulit lltelf In u iolent oiou, eveu lu oumll
ihlM'H,
lu uiiiuy cihti, hottover, oiuctliliiR mure
convenient ot uiulmUNon in Hutr.l than the
liiiuiil. ThU U (uriiUhed h)" novernl tlirtereut
cmiiiHmn.U. The Mi-ciiUttl "iiietrniKililun ill
infeotaiit" in ft mixture, of nempiioxlile of iron
uud earloHc nciil. Tho iron detro the or
Kauio matter with which it coin in eoiiUct,
ami tlie ciiitkilto aohl U Iowly Riven oft ami
clini'iirif)Uit; tho ir. Another ooiupouiul
ia th "l'-UM'tUn jxiwiler," which eoutaln
eouiiuiiu ofay a a tnioU. Still auothvr, mill
ouo which ha proved of groat uo, U earlwlata
of lime. lUrlHillo acid baa tho property of
ctmiWtillig with nlkalieaaud alkaline earth
without haviug it active ipialltU destroyed,
aa these coiuiwumU are very uustahlo. auj are
itecoiuposed I'y the weakest acids. Tho carbo.
late ot limo is a dry powder, with Keuerally a
roso tiuge. ami smells somewhat like ordiuary
coahtar. Tho lime iu It acts upou, and soon
hid milnion the method uropod lirDr. Haver
is ilidlcult iu npplloiliiu, ami ho suggest the
following arrugemeut a more mltabla for
iiractioal reiiuiromuuU:
Tho sound is produced by the aid of au or
gau tube, Ut , tor example, diioed with re
ferenco to a reouator which i put in relation
with tho two branches of a KBnlg imnroved in
terference apparatus. To tho movcabU branch
is attached along tubo ot copper, which enters
tho furnace, or other locality, tho temperature
of which it is desired to determine. The tube
retuiua ou iuelf and commuuicates with a wnall
mauoiuctdo eapsulo. Tho fixed branch of tho
am iratus is terminated by auothrr capsule,
which, like tho first, is iu relatiou with tho
same source of heat. The arraugement is com
pleted by a revolving mirror, in which the state
of the dame is seen.
Thus disposed of, if the pipe which separste
the resonator from the capsules each eoutaln
au evual uumber of half wave lengths, the
bring the lUinob.ick to it primitive suite, that , the color of white wool, cotton, silk, taier
is. toetjetheiuilentationatpre-nppear.Then. nnd unbleached linen, hut will not otherwise
by the aid oi a cnle previously determined nud iujnre them. A heat of 2953 F.. continued for
empirlcAlIy tMUsUled into thermomttrio de- , about three hours, more dccidedlysinces white
greeN the degree, of tempewture iu tho tubo , wool, audio so uubleache,!; and whfte cotton
can bo easily nottl. I ami whit6 giik) whIte pap ani ,, gg
, ; , , , ,. I unbleached and white, but does not materially
Tins maimer in which Hquenr bon-bons are injure their appearance. The same "miTco
E?i,VJ,Wy "irtmpI,, ' h9 ?UBiT ,,.rel,a- !LuueU -or ab1 fl "ours, singes and injured
ration, reduced to a fine powder, is spread over the appearance of white wool and cotton u
a tray, and upon this iuBe. drops of the bleached linen, whito silk and paper g'ome
li.in.UT are allowed to. fall; the tray is then colored fabrics of wool, or mixed worfl and aiU
shaken, and tho pulverized sugar forms a coat- , It is noteworthy that the sinReinR of an? fabric
ng round the several drops ot tiaid. which can depends not alone npon the heat used to also
be increased at wil to any thicknesi. The ou tbo time daring whicfa 'it is exposed la
niauufactnro of bon-bons is carried ou alt over tbeo experiment the heat was omafned D?
haudH. Thomenc;.nV:V.;V. .,",." "'.' LH.",B l"'!?"" a ol oowbuktion, mixed
U-ltli (lialidA.1 Af I. 1 ' . .
. ... . . ' . h ". uw uctticu uii. uv uieuiis ni a fiiinrr nnn,
lo four'. 'THiffi :rX?l ' ffi!.' &"?! ?, .hrougt, an
"". sucu as maxing coxes, packets
crackers, and faucy goods, is enormous. The
aperture in its floor, and out of it by a smaller
aperture in iu roof. VirA Hi.nxnn.i,N
r. 1 .i . . . :r . w-.v.v-
Sfjjjfe-iffialSffiSSSga?
iranca. l'rrhaiM th oha.i m.i i. .. -7 ' u .7 77 .": ".r. m ui iuo cuuu-
ber.
.-5KSKP- eu miiiio'of ICTSCTrf.Sl
-11
this sum. The Kngiixtr,'
I at any required degree.