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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (April 4, 1874)
"WILLAMETTE FARMER. Qood H'V-TH The Causes of Decay of Teeth. It has been charged against onr brethren of the dental specialty, Bays the Lancet, that they are wofully at fault In regard to knowledge of tho commonest of nil things carles of the teeth. That they extract teeth with skill, and stop them with eeu more skill, and in a nobly conservative spirit, is admitted; but tho causes of decay in the teeth have remained obscure. Tho investigations of Leber and llottensteiu into this subject bavo at least the charm of pointing to definite conclusions. They admit, of course, that thero are differences of teeth, constitutional and connected with race, mak ing teeth more or less resistant to the great in fluences which determine decay. These are not, according to these authors, internal and vital so much as external and chemical. The process of decay begins from tho surface, and if it can bo controlled or arrested at tho sur face, it is entirely controlled. The great causes of caries are two, namely, r.cids and a certain fungus found abundantly in tho moulh, Itp tothrlx luccatis. This 1 liter agent is character ized by certain microscopic, appearances and by its reaction with iodine and acids, which givo to tho elements of leplolhrlx a beautiful violet tinge. Under tho microspore the fungus Appears as a gray, finely-granular mass or matrix, with filaments delicate and stiff, which erect thoiusolvcs above the surface of this Granular substance so as to resuible an uu oven turf. Tho fungus attains its greatest size in tho interstices of the teeth. No ono can deny uow-a-days tho action of acids on tne teeth, even weak acids, in dissolving the salts of tho enamel and the detiue. All acids, both mineral and vegetable, act promptly on tne teem, various experiments as to tho ac tion of acids on dental tissues are given, mak ing tho enamol, naturally transparent, first white, opaque and milky, and, in a more ad vanced state, chalky, and then the dentiuo more transparent mid softer, so ns to be cut with a knife. Tho acids which may actually cueci me ursi cnanges in ine production 01 ou ties are such ah are taken with food, or in ine elicincs, or such as aro formed In the month it self tiy some Abnormality In our secretions, which should be alkaline, or bv an nidi! f nrmnn- tatiou of particles of food. But ucids alouo will not account for nil tho phenomena of caries in the teeth. They play a primary and princi pal part, making the teolh porous nud soft. In this state, the tissues having Jost their normal consistency, luugl peuetruto both, thu canalicu li of the enamel and of tho dentine, and by their proliferation produce softening nud de structive effect much moro rapidly than tho action of acids alone is able to accomplish. It is not pleasant to think that fungi exist in the mouth of all but tho very cleanest of poo- Slo. Bowditch, in examining forty persons of liferent professions, and living different kinds of life, found in almost all vegetable and ani mal parasites. Tho parasites were numerous in proportion to tho neglect of cleanline'H. Tho means ordinarily employed to clean tho teeth had no effect on tho parasites, while Boapy water appeared to destroy them. If this be a true version of the causes of caries the action of acids, supplemented by tho action of fungi then it follows that tho creat means of preserving teeth is to preserve tho most scru pulous cleanliness of tho month and teeth, nud to givo to tho rinsing liquids a slightly alkaline character, which is dono by tho adnilxturo of n llttlo soap. This is not so pleasant a dentifrice as some, but it Is effective aud scientific Acids not only dissolvo tho salts of tho teeth, but favor tne lncreaso ol tno fungi of tliu mouth. No lncreaso of fungi and no action on tho den tal issues occurs in solutions slightly alkaline. ns of a weak solution of flo.il. Tbe good effects of stopping teeth, in tho light of these experi ments, are intelligible. Tho puuutratiou of actus una mugi is pro emeu. Color Blindness. The derivation of the desicnntlon of an uf fection of tho eves very commonly know n ns Daltonism (color blindness) is, ns many of our readers aro uouuiiess awure, iroui tno nnwo of tho groat philosopher, the propounded of the Atomic theory, who was attacked by it. Fro perly speaking it is simply incapacity on the part of certain people to judge of color, or moro accurately, of certain colors. Dr. Faro has com municated to the UougrehS at Jjyons tho result of the researches, which, as ohiof physician of the Boris nnd Lyons railway company, he has uiadu on tho subject, tho object being to deter mine what influence this disease or affection may have on the general safety of travelers. According to this repott, among HOG difftreut individuals examined from 18l)i to 1808, thir teen cases of red-color blindness nud ono of green were fouud. Again, among 728 subjects examined between lb" J aud 1873 ho testifies to forty -two of color blindness moro or les devel oped, lie further tstimates tho number of people in Franco suffering from this malady at ueurly a million, and gives, as the most com mon cause of it, wounds, typhoid fov.'r, sy philis, etc. Tbe danger of such a disease ex isting, and possible in some in&tencts without the knowledge of the subject or of bis employ ers, is one which deserves attention, for al though we cannot point ourselves to any in. Atouces in which errors bin o been made through it, nevertheless, Dr. I'm re, as we understand him, is able to do so, and wo quite agreo with him, when ho rays that the only effectual pre. entivo of the dangers which may possibly accrue from such a malady isa periodical optical inspec tion of all men who hive to deal with colon il signals, a mistake in tho use of which might lead to such disastrous results We recommend inquiry ou this subject to locomotive superin tendents and trnfilo managers, 77i Fmjlnter. Eativq wiius Sick. It is the custom among n certain class of people, when a member of the family falls sick, to begin at once to ask, "Now what cau you tat'f" Every one has beard of the old story of the man who always ato eighteen apple dumplings when ho was sick On one occasion wheu ho was engaged upon the eighteenth, his llttlo sou said, "1'h, givo me a piece." "No, no, my son, replied tbe father, "go away; pa is sick." When a young man has surfeited m season and out of season, until exhausted nature gives way, and a fever is coming on, tbe good mother is in trouble. She anxiously iuqnires, "Now, John, what cau yon eat? lou must eat something! People can't live without food!" Then comes toast and tea, etc. The stomach is exhausted, and no more needs stimulating or food than a jaded horse needs the whip. What is needed is rest. Nine-tenths of the acute diseases might be pre vented by a few days' starvation when tho first indications appear. I don't menu complete abstinence in every case, hut perhaps n piece of coarse bread, with cold water for drink. If such a policy were generally adopted, what ruin would overtake the medical profession. How many physicians would lack for patients. Hearth ana Home. In tbe bydropathto treatment, drinking cold water immediately after rising, provided that breakfast be not taken for at least half an hour, is prescribed. The explanation given is that the internal douche acts upon the stomach as a tonic, in tbesamemannerMcoldapplications externally, upon tbe skin. Action of Tobacco Smoke. According to Messrs. Vobl and Eulembcrg, the amount of nicotine in snuff and tobacco for chowing is so minute that nothing like nicouno-poisoning can result irom their use. The action of tobacco-smoke nnd tobacco-juice is not duo to nicotine, for it contains none, but to pyridine, picollne, colledine, and other liases, forming a homologous series, which are pro duced during the combustion of tbe tobacco. The reason why stronger tobacco can be smoked in n cigar than in a pipe is. that In the pipe a large quantity of pyridine is formed, which is vory volatilo and stupefying; while in a cigar little pyridiuo nud much colledino nro formed. The unpleasant symptoms experienced by per sons just begiuniug to smoke, or who smoke to excess, ns well ns tho poisonous effect of tobacco-juice, are not due to nicotine, but to the pyradluo and picoliuo bases; aud they have probably been attributed to nicotine becauso these bases, especially thoso having a high boiling-point, greatly resemble nicotinoboth in snietl and in physiological action, producing contraction of the pupil, diflloult respiration, convulsions aud death. They do not act so quickly whou injected under tbe skin as when taken into tho stomach, and their action is less rapid than thnt of nico tine. Other plants which are sometimes used for smoking, though thev contain no nicotine. such as dandelion, willow wood nud stramon ium, yield mridiuo bases, whoso action are very like those from tobacco, though rather wcaKor. rure picoliuo Irom Boghead coal had n similar action; and its vapor was poisonous, probucing irritation of the respiratorv passa ges, slight convulsions, nnd death. None of these, except tho bases from willow wood, pro duced contraction of the pupil. Tho authors consider that tho effects urodticed br nniiim. smoking are not duo to tbe nlknlotlls in tho opium, but to tbe bases formed during its com bustion; and that the differenco between it nud tobacco is owing to different bases being formed by their combustion. Arch. Pharm, anil Chan. Bouax ron Colds. A writer in Tltc Medical Jhcwra cites a number of oases in which borax has proved n most effeotive remedy iu certain forms of colds. IIo states that, in sudden hoarseness or loss of volco iu public speakers or singers, from colds, relief for nn hour or so, ns by magic, may be often obtained by slowly dissolving, and partially swallowing, n lump of borax, tho siz of a garden pea, or nbout three or four grains, held In tbe mouth for teu min utes before speaking or slugiug. This produces n profuse secrotion of svllvn, or "watering" of the mouth nnd throat, probably restoring the voice or touo to tho dritd vocal coids, just ns wetting brings buck the missing notes to ntluto when it Is too dry. DopESTic EcofiopY Washing Machines. From the I'sclDc Hurst Press Editors I'uhss: I wish to mnko somo sug gestions, through your paper, to tho Inventors of washing machlnoi. I have studio 1 wushiug machines for several years, and hnve been iu tho habit of buying ono occasionally only to throw it nway not becauso tho machine would not do good work, but beoiuse it is moro trouble, or rather, harder work, to wash with ouo than to nso tho common bonrd. I do not think it much of a feat t u get up n "washing machine," but am ouo who coutrms a washer which can bo run by some other power than that of a poor, sickly womau will have dono somethiug worthy of notice. What would wo think of it man who would invent a threshing machine to 1k run by mini power? Do you think ho would bo able to sell many? As Artemas Ward would say, I rather think not. There are mnny different motive npplinuces which could bo attached to washers. 1 or instance, there might bo used a wlud-mill, n small ouo-horse power, a water-wheel, etc. Whero these are not convenient. n cimt. doo. colt or even calf, on a light, upright powur wnevi, ion icci in tunmoier, would produce sufficient power to easily run a washing ma chino uindo on the rotary plan, with rubbir ubove. My word for it, thu person who in vents n washing mnchiuo of this kiudwill ho well paid for it. Those who would opposotho plan hero advo cated, ou tho ground of its being too costly, should bear iu miud tho difference between the price of a scytho and n mowing machine, or between u paper of needles aud n sewing urn chine, nud retiect whether this difference in tho first cost deters usKrs from buying tho contri vance which will do tho work with lonst labor. I will guarantee that the cost of a good motor, to bo attached to washing machlues, will not bo moro out of proportion, compared with that of the wash-board, than tho mowing machine is to tho scythe, or the sowing machine is to tho needles. Wo want n wushlno mud, In,, which will uiuke n Chinaman say "no hkoo John." I should like to hear from you nud outers on this subject. Sou- Sam. DivUvillo, Feb. IU, 1671. Our correspondent bus hit tho unll on tho head in argneing thnt the fault is not iu tho wasblug niucbiucM but iu tho want of an ade quate motor, One of tho great questions now perplexing the minds of inventors is to pro dues a household motor which shall bo capablo of doing ordluury light work, cheap in first cost ami running expenses, nnd not llublu to got out of order, nor to serious accidents 1 here are a great many contrivunces propost d for this purpose, and tbe nuuibtr of patents annually taken out in this department of in vention, show that thoughtful minds fully ap preciate this, oue of the great ueo Is of the day . Several low power motors are now before the public, but none, so far us wo know, intended for the purpose of driving washing machines. There aro the Hyde water wheel, tho diminu tive Baxter (one-quarter to one-sixteenth horse-power), the Nicholson engino, and thu numerous hot nir engines. Some ono has lately patented a set of appliances by whieh the waste power evolved iu using a rockiug chair may be utilized to worn a churn and roek tbe baby to sleep; but for a washing machine motor, wo want something entirely stronger nnd more serviceable a motor, not a toy. When tbe main question of producing a good, universal low power motor for domestic use shall have been solved. "Soan Suds" will r. ceive a satisfactory answer, and not, we fear, till All AH L fc 1 Y) 1 n .-. Cake Without Eggs. " Housekeeper " kindly sends us two recipes for making cake, to be used when isi'i are tint to be bad or when they retail at seventy cents a dozen which she recommends. The first is known as Mart's Tea Cask, One-half cup shortcnina. two cups sugar, oue cup sour milk, oue ten spoonful soda, two full cups Hour; season tic eording to taste. The second recipe is tor Jkllv Cask. Ono cup sugar, one of sweet milk with a teaspoonful of soda stirred in, two teasoonfuls cream tartar sifted in, one aud one half cups flour, two tttblespoonfuU shortening; bake thin and quickly. Water can be nsed for either of these cakes if Jmilk is not convenient. HorTIClJLXJrE. The Rose-Peachblow Potato A Few Questions. Editors Pbess ; Last year I procured from O. N. Smith, of Berlin, Wiscousiu, two pounds of his now seedling potato, called the Eoso -Feachblow. They were pi inted about tho 12th of March, aud iu this county little or no rnln fell nfter that date. The soil was now nnd sandy. Iu niuety days I dng potatoes larger than a heu's egg, aud of a flavor and delicacy surpassed by none. .uv jic.u nits "kmi, uwing iu tun tiryness oi tho season, but 1 saved about thirty pounds of seed potatoes, intending to try them under, I hope, more favorable circumstauces. Tho plants produced no blossom, nud the young potntocs hung in clusters directly nround the parent tuber. I should liko to hear from any of your readers who may have tried them on this coast, aud I will report again tho coming season to tho BuitAt, rnKss, my success with lUCIU. I wish to inquire tho proper time nnd man. nor of planting okra seed, also egg plaut. I have n suuuv exnosnro almost freo (mm front. nooui ouu loci aoove the level ol Mnnternv luiv aud insight of it. I am advistd to try the raising of oranges nnd almonds. Do jou think with proper cultivation they could be raised to advantage without irrigation t D. O. Inoiiauam. Leafy Glen, Santa Cruz Co., Feb, 8th, 1874. With regard to planting okra it may be uuuu na eanjr ns possioie, BUU escspo ItlO 1AIP frosts. Tbo plant grows about two nud a half foot high. It may bo planted eithor iu hills or rows; better the 1 itter. aud with width between sufficient for proper cultivation. Tbe egg plaut requires about tho sarno mode of cultivation as the okra. We see no reason w by orange or almonds may not do well in tho locality you describe. Tin; matter of irrigation depends something uponthenatnroof the soil; good soil is needed, and irrigation will be required unless there is permanent moisture iu the soil within six or eight feet of the surface. Somo irrigation will almost surely bo needed for tho first and sec ond year, uutil tbo trees bavo becomo well established, and been able to send roots down to natural moisture. Will some others of our renders furnish us tlirlr experieucu in cultivating tho llosu-Ptach blow potato? Eds l'lifss.l From tht H. F. 1'iiolfle JUral Frtti. Upturned Trees, Tap-Roots, Etc. From tliol'sclrlc ltural Vnu ) Enirsns 1'iikss: "As tho twig is bent, the tree's Inclined," does not refer merely toils external appearance The French peoplo bavo taught tho world that by holding tbo limbs down bv weights. so as to check tho flow of sap, it would bring the fruit treo into beariug soonor; the phj los- upuy being luiu mo roots sympathised, mid wire also checked in thoir growth, aud made to throw out laterals; by a law of nature mere fibers, which wero shown to bo the real nil feeders: i. e. that these minute rootlets, with their little, living, sucking mouths, absorb the earthy Ingredients which go to make tho fruit, Aud this is tho reason why trees with tbe tap root removed will ho brought into earlier bear ing. With this view of tho sublect. fruit is con sidered ill tho light of uu oxensccnoe, nud does not nppear on tho trie in a perfectly normal condition, ns from thn seed iu n much longer timo. Nurserymen frequently hnvo trees beariug, only ouo year obi, iu tbe nursery rows, A gopher may have, nibbled at tho root, or n string tied iu tho grafting, and not rotted or re moved, may hnvo "eionfut" it. Any thing which disturbs the free circulation of the sap, ns the hot weather of our summers, summer pruning, etc., will disturb the iiiiiililiiium, nud ciUHd Jruit buds, which develop, uiidir favor nblo circumstances, Into the choicest fruit. Too mnny fruit buds tuny form; nud if the In o takes a very vigorous growth ntttrwnrds, the fruit blossoms or tho fruit may all drop nil. It becomes au important consideration to the fruit grower, to know how to grow fruit, and also how to grow wood, nt his pltasuro. Tho French, cspt cudly, graft their pears on quince roots, whieh huvo by iiaturu, mi iiImiii. dance, of fibrous routs, and bring their trees almost iuiuit dl'ite ly into beariug. They do the same w ith tho apple, by grafting on tint Para diso stock; nud also with thu cherry, by work ing it ou thu Morullo stock. Thoy also root from tho Stncdard trio, thereby inducing root lets. Tho Chinese understand this system of dwarfing trets nud plants, which they do by rimuviug them from pots or boxes, sous not to disturb thu soil, nud prune thoir roots. This they repent, till they finally produce thn most beautiful looking shrulis, trees nud plants, with their dclieato ami rich foiling.), so much nil. mi rid. Tho olnervent horticulturist is generally ublo to tell the shape, sizs, nud constquent vnluoi.f the s idling for grafting, before r moving it from tho uiirs ry It becomes not only a mat ter of curiosity t him, but of utility us well to kuow how to make roots or nMtts, at his pleasure. If ho plants out qiiiiuo tunings, that ho may obtain root for pear grafting, his experieucu li aches him, that if bu puts them in di ep, he may expitt a vi ry largo qunutil) nf small roots unlit for gr ifting; gome, perchance, no larger than the hair ou his head, nnd not sufficient to ensure tho life of thn cutting, and cettiinly not capable of sending up much top growth, if it livi'S. Hut if the cutting had l i n put Iu tbo proper depth, say 4 inches in adolm or other heavy soils, slid no dot per than neces sary Hi uuy case, hu would bivuhad roots fur grafting ono year from tho cutting, ami winch would Late bueu Indicated by tbe growth of thu top. Now, wo ask, why are trees blown down? And is tli re a irveutlvu? We are ussured that the treo that takes dp root iu Ihu soil will defy thu wi'uU, nud ratlu r hteuk off than, up turn. This is particularly the case with tliu tall-growing trets thut natu rally go deep in tho ground, The Eucalyptus, or gum tree, is oue of this kind, vorj pupular here just now, the only objection to it king its liability to blow down. But this is ihictly iu heavy soils, that tho roots ean not penetrate, or wberu the tap root has h.-en removed or broken off Of course, thu lutti r evil can lie remedied by great taro iu trans lautliig, and, more cseeially, if tho trees nro transplanted when quite small. But, iu can. of very heuvt sub soils, this precaution will nut suffice. I have iu mind a belt of ftllen trees, near Victo ria, ou Vancouver's Island, whero the sulsoll is a deep bed of tough tiny. Tho tap roots could not penetrate this soil mom than n few inches, or feet at most; and, although tbe trees had grown quite large, from thoocom moisture which they bad drunk iu through their foliage, the roots had only crept along in the surfaee soil, cramped, and in u ntt-work, inclosing the earth as they upturned, while the clayey tied was only a basu ou which tho whole body of tho tree rested Trees resting ou a rocky bed will also be influenced iu their shape, aud be liable to blow over. In case of irrieiv Hon, or whero tho ground holds moisture near luosurtaoe, the root will not go deep, and this is another of the causes for treos blowing over. It you will cast your eye, Mr. Editor, from your homo Iu Oakland, to tho highest hill in the eastern part of thnt rising city, vou will seo a very tall gum tree, on that very dry ground where it is eighty feet down to well water. That treo has gone down, also for moisture, aud is securely imbedded In tbo land, ft is true that tho foes cominc in nt the Golden Onto, which climb up and creep nlong 'he mountain ridges iu tho back ground, also feed tbo foliage wllti moisture nud nutriment. Lot us select nn oak from tho clusters near by, hundreds of jears old, in soil so loose nnd dry thnt tho plow may run close to tho tree's liody. Throw rubbish ntiout tbe body, lunch ing it so as to hold moisture near ine surinco. nud iu two years tho plow will meet with roofs ns largo ns your arm. I know of uo better way to insure trees against tbo wind, in heavy soils than to boro n holo with a post auger, filling in below nud around the roots with loose or gravelly soil, so as to induce them downwards, where they may become securely established. Thero is moro iu root oo;y, (if I may bo Allowed to coin n word), in connection with all tho products of tho earth, than is generally dreamed of iu our philos ophy. I. A. W. Santa Clara, March I, 1874. Notes of Travel. Stanislaus County. EniToin 1'iiksm: Conttutilug our journey from Stockton, tho traveler soon reaches Far mlngton, a small settlement somo seventeen miles from Stockton, surrounded by a rich farming country, nud sottl.il by thrifty hus bandmen. From thence a few hours' ride through Ix'autifnl meadows, over rolling and verdant prairies, And past refreshing rivulets, brings you to Knight's Ferry, Tbo region of the orange, tho lemon, the crane. and tbo almond, nud nil delicious fruits. As you approach this village, tho scenery becomes moro ami moro ikmuuiiui. ill tne iiistanco tlio snow-clad peaks of tbo Sierras rim in mnjes. tic grandeur, while nearer nro the foot hills with their verdant forests rising in diminutive com parison to tho craggy iliffs of tho loftier moun tains beyond. In a unlet vallev. surrotined bv bills. ulilM, from this point, continue to rise gradually to ward tho niountftlns.aiid along tho banks of thn Stanislaus, tbo people of Knight h Furry en joy a country possessing nil tho nccossarli s, comforts and luxuries wldoh this life need cov et. Thn noiso of the pick may lie heard from somo fiOO miners, who still coutiuue, in this vicinity, tho search for tho uI ttorinu metnl. w hi. h formerly so abounded hero. Quarries of tho finest building stone Aro to ho found hero Iu Aonndanco, aud water ower sutllclent to drive all tho spindles of Lowell and Manches ter combine d, This country posstssuH greater natural laciiiues lor manuiaciories man any wo hnvo heretofore met with iu California. It, however, can only boast of ouo solitary iirist mill, but that is a very suptrior one, and has proved to lie a good Investment for Its owners. Your correspond, lit hero had the pleasure of beholding, for the first tlmo In Ids life, the orange and lemon mature I uuu tho tret), and thev look beautiful in.leml. Tho tirliii-inul fruit-mis. rs and wino producers of Knight's Ferry are the I'entlaud Brothers the first settlers and millets in tilts vicinity, who located here 'J " j ears ago Missrs. Solicit A- Krause, .vi r. httinart, .Mr. vviutirs nnd Mr. Kohorls These gentlemen hnvo experimented largely in mo production oi nil Kinds oi irillis. raiinym figs, several kinds of grapes, such as muscat, black morocco, purple Damascus. Ilaino tuknv and black Hamburg. The) nlsn raise somo twenty other v arii tlos, but those above nun. tinned ricelvo the chief attention. They also raiso largo quantities of apricots, molarities, peaches, upplts, point granales, pears, plums, oranges, liinoiis, olives, and aro experimenting with Ibo palm dale. Cotton llourishi s mid j ields w ell hero Them is also it large sin teh of em.'dry b r favorable to tho growth of thn sugar Iset, well wuttml by thu i'entlaud llros, ditch; a gigalitlo uti r priso for which they dos.no coiuimndatioii. This ditch is about six miles long, with uu u virago of six fett in width hv three in dtplh. It furnishes nil the water muled for irrigation nnd mining purposes. 'I ho above named g.m. Human have ull lit en successful In their expuri moms, mid uru t xullnutnver thu rich nnd luiu riant country which it has fallen to their lot to si ttle. This may also hu e ill. .1 Tho Country of tlio Vine. Yoiirtorrcspondent hail tho pleasure of visit, nig thu Hid Mountain vineyard of Messrs. hchcll A. Kraiisu, lo.tilul Iu thu foothills nn Llttlo John's cretk. Thu main building is HO by ID feet.nf concrete, two storus high, having n cellar winch Is turmoil. il directly Into thu hill, 1011 h et long, 8 feet high, and Hi foot wid. At thu ml of this excavation it turns nt n right angle nud prncei ds another Bit) feet, with thu same dimensions This tunnel or cellsr ma) hu .intend nt ellhir end, Mr, Stewart has also a tuuui lied collar; but ou a much smaller scale. The annual prislutt of wine nt the It.d Mountain vine) aril is about fiO.OIH) gallons, and tiny huvo now on hand about hi), 1)00 g.illons. Some 1,000 gallons of brandy aro also nro- dm oil. About i!0 limn nro cmplnvid on the av. r.igo. r inland llros produce from ttinu to the thousand gallons y arly, and ship largo quantities of fruit 1 1 rin Friuciscn. Uuiiiiis nru prepnri d nud Until In re iu t minimus quan tities h Hchi II A- Krnns.i mid thn l'eiilhuul llros, .Messrs IMMii. llohcils aud Went. rs. lake gr. at dc light iu their beautiful gardens, orimini'nti.1 with various kinds of frullt, mid the almond, whl h nourishes lln.ly lure Messrs llorsely, Meenos, Cooper, Lime, Kap lilcluau & Williams, Booth A; hons. Cook and Carv, nro all i ttuiislvti ranchers hero, and, with ouu accord, agr. oltint tlio iircseiit stasou is iiioru promising ihnii any they have hen to fore experienced. Upon inquiry, I find that All the Finest Pastures Of Stanl-laus county are situated around rviilghl's 1 trrv. Vu slucertly hopu the good and Industrious ptople ol this luxurious region may long IIto to enjoy their blissful holms. and tho luxurious fruits with which thev abound. May they also continue to injoyund derive profitable Information from the weekly visits oi tno I'ACmi) ituiur, i-iikss, as iu years agone i or thsy Jiavo staled to me that thoy ultrihiito, In a largo measure, their success iu their moro rtcuiit agricultural uxpttriuitut arid pursuits to tho Instruction aim hints which they havuguthend from time to time, from its columns. Yours truly, 0, M. 1). Kuighfs Jerry, l-wu B". IM71. From tht S. F. J'ack ltural I'resH. TjuNgrruiiiNo l'loTUHKs to (Imhs. Coat thu glass with a varnish of balsam of fir In turpen tine, then press the engraving on smootiiiy ami evenly, being curt nil to remove an air ounuios. Let it stand for 21 hours, then dampen the back sufficiently to allow the paper to bu rubbed off by thu forefinger, rubbing it till a mere film is left ou the glass, then vuruish again. ac. Irii. PoiIlthy Yd. Care of Young Turkeys. (From the Ficinc IIciul Press EniTons Iluiui, FnKHs: Will yon or Any of jour correspondents pleaso inform mo through he columns of your valtiabto paper, tho cause of tho legs and feet of young turkeys, 10 days old, swelling; n trouble which proves fatal in two or thtee days; also, vvhnt remedy, nnd what food is most sultahlo for them at that ago; also what is good for gapes In poultry? , . . J. D. E. Los Angeles, Feb. 20. 'o could nimwer the question with regard to the lameness of the jouug turkeys, moro in tolligeullv, if wo know something of their trent incut nnd diet. Young turkejs often becomo Initio and die, from eating too much curd. Tlio curd seems to weaken them. For a remedy in such n casu givo them less curd aud moro meal cooked in the form of hasty pudding. In tho cam of our correspondent, wo would sny it would bo safe to change tbo diet, somewhat, nt nil events; nlso bo very careful of exposure, nnd keep them out of wet grass, etc. A ver.v good and safe feed for turkeys is Indian meal, 'J parts; wheat bran, 1 part; thoroughly cooked aud cooled. When fed, stir In a little sour milk. Curd may bo fed ouco a day to advantage and safely. Move tho coop every night, nud cut up a few onion tops for them, vory flue, every other day. With regard to tho gapos in poultry, Mr. Fallon of Oakland, who has fed poultry twenty years savs: Great caro should be taken to keep tho nest nud eggs clean in sitting. Sulphur may bo sprinkled ou tho eggs to good Advan tage. Mleroscopio (invisible) insects almost always get on tho shells, and as soon as tbo chicken thrusts lis bill Ihrpttgh tho shell, the instots enter tbe nostrils, whero thev lav their eggs, from which vrortns nro liatohed, and henoo tho gapes. This disease Is vory oommon. Both turkeys and hons, nud in fact all doniosriu birds, aro subject to it. The disease often proceeds from uuwholt somo or impure food or water, It is also epidemic, when It nuco uinkcs its appear auco among fowls. It is most commonly oaiuod by a worm which infests tbe windpipe, perhaps always, but iu soma casus uo worm Is visible to thu closest scrutiny of tbo naked eye. Thero aro icvtrnl modes of treatment, tho one generally most successful is ns follows: Tako a small quill feather, strip tho samo of its feathers except a half an luoh nt its top; this should be dipped In spirits of turpentine And then forced down tho windpipe, and turned onco or twice. The turpentine generally des troys tho worm1!, end tlio coughing naturally excited throws them out. After such treat ment 'tho turkeys or chicks should ho cared for moro closely for a few days and kept freo from dampness and ohllly' winds, I'ditoiis Fiiksh, EniTons l'lihss; Ouoaf my neighbors bought ouo dozen spring chickeus, lost September, ol mixed common stock fed them a little wheat iu tho morning, ami nbout noon scalded a llttlo (.'round hurley, and idsjut tbrcu times a week cut up two onions and mixed tho samo with thu hurley. Charcoal from tlio stovo was also pounded, nnd freely eaten by them, Iu November they commenced laying, and ever since, through all tho cold nud seven) weather, ho has had ouo and A-half to three doen eggs each week ( veek before last 45, nnd last wrek, II eggs) from ten bens. They liavti nil wanted to set, nnd up to tho present tlmo four or flvo ilnvs wns ull thnt was necessary to break up tho notion Call ) oil tell ns the best way to break liens from selling? G, A. Fisiimi. Quartz Mountain, March 1!. Whero hens nro kept moro especially for tbo lncreaso it is nlwayH bost to let them sot when they desire, and givo their chicks to cajmm, who will cam for them and bring them up just as well as thu mother hen. If you riallydcslro to break n hi li from suiting, of tho luituy ways to do so wo would pref. r tin) following: liavti a small coop uiadu with it lloor ral-e.l a few liuhiri iihovo the ground, and made of laths placid cross ways, with openings to givo li fret) circulation of air from undornoalli, Flacolhu coop iu a cool place, 'ihu dtsirti to set Is at t. ml d with a high fuvur which should bo ulluvlalid us iiiucli us possible, Ayouiig nnd vigorous rooster might bo placed in tlio coop with tbi in. Ducking nud standing hens lu wulir, under hiicIi elruuiuslaiKts, is barbarous. It Is a natural nud holiest deslro which should hu tru tied considerately. J Vow f.t .S' '. J'ltcljlc llural Frew, Eiifroii I'ukhs: 'Ili.ro sums to bo a great dial slid about poultry just now, so I thought I would saj soiiii thing Ion, List year I com iiitncud with about 'M hens of the toinmoii va riety, and nun Light llrnlima rooster. I raised four hundred thickens, and 1 havu now about IIIKI hens, which for beauty and laying I I null tit k cannot bu beat for miles around. 1 or food I usu cracki d corn so iked iu sour milk, width I think is I'xci Hunt. 1 think us Mr. Cutter sss, that sin ill pens uru good with any brenl, for I havu tried il, I havu u trio of Light Br.ilunas u ooinnd itud thus, nnd they lay splendidly. 1 have seen nothing in rigutd to grafting; nud would like to know when is thu proptr lime It) graft utiple tries. Tomaltm, Fubriiruy 10, 1U7I L 1' HrcMi'. -;Viii the .S F. Fuilfie llural Vrtn. ' Natuiumzki) WrKiM.-Two hundridund four lien nf our wiods havu hoi u introduced from foreign (oiiutries, and clnelly from England. Iu 1.I7 oiilj 1 :J7 foriigu weeds weru tuiumer attd in onr catalogui s. Ill 1072 a book in tilled "Now England IWrities" gave li list of 'J'J plaids, wbioh Ihu author spoke of its bating sprung up since thu English took jHisstssioii. Among tin so thu pi intaiii, "white man's foot," Is mention, d, In 17fiB thu toad tltx, or butter and itfgs, ulsti Ihuii known us the " Kailsted wild, from thu iiamu ol thu guiillemau who Introduced if into l'viiusylvaiiniu as a garden Ituwur had overrun th pmtutes of that pro viucii, nud had caused in my uualhtiiias by thu farmtra against tho uiilutky introducer. Thu couimoii chickwttil is said to bavo been first sown in Booth Carolina us food for canary birds, and tho pr.s.-uee of the Hootch thistle is accounted for us due to thu ainur )itW of au enthusiastic Highlander, who brought it hither as uu emblem of the pugnacity of ids country inuii. Another n cord says wo bavo tho thistle through tbo carelessness of a clergyman who brought hither u bid of thistlu down, nud, ou changing it for feathers, spread it ami thu seeds it contained broadcast ovtr tho country. 7'ri hunt Why Auionoi, Cunrs lUrn.nNiKH Hitks. Tlio tipirimtnts o( l'rufussor llinz, eif Bonn, in regard to tbo tllocts of alcohol ou animals, uru exceedingly interesting, iu-as-much as bu seems to huvu discovered thu reasons why ul cobolio stimuluutH weru so list fill in cases of snake tmlsoulng. Ho found that when decom posed blood wus iiitroduct d iuto thu veins of Ibo living animal, all thu symptoms of putrid fever weru shown, tho temperature increasing uutil death ensued. Alcohol reduced tho hunt, retarded thu putrid process, increasing tbe ao lion of the heart This set ins to bo precisely tho ifftcto! alcoholic stimulants, when admin istered lu casu of rattlesuako polsouiug.