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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (March 14, 1874)
WILLAMETTE FARMER. 3 Usipdi. lfr,VT-M0N' Water-Color Decorations on Wood. Oar fathers appear to have bad o horror of -all plain woods, and quickly covered them up 'with cloth and . ooleu velvet and tapestry, or disguised them with painting, while oar mothers were not less industrious in hidiug such woods from Bight by coverings of chintz, lace, and muilln. Nowadays we are beginning to per ceive that those sober, quiet woods have a beauty of their own, and that they lend them selves with ready adaptability to the purposes of the furnlture-makor, decorator, and design er. On the Continent even tho plainest and lenst attractive of woods are used for furniture and decoration. Where, from a want of color or graiu, tho surfaces are not sufficiently varied or pleasing, they call in tho aid of water-colors, and plant thereon pigments of considerable variety, beauty, and elegance, before these surfaces nre submitted to tho hands of the po lisher. The application of this mode of deooratlng is almost universal. It may be applied to pen holders and work-boxes, to tables and cabinets, And it is our intention to advocate its moro ex tended adoption by giviug, from time to time, dosUus specially prepared for this kind of cheap artistic decoration. Tho wood ou which the design is to bo made should be of us hard a quality, and with as little grain as possible. Ou the Continent tho woods most used for this purpose are the plain white maple, linden, and box; but thero are many suitable woods, some of which aro of tho cheapest kind. The chief point is to select a surface sufficiently close to prevont the colors from spreading, as they will do when tho wood is too absorbent, or the colors used aro too wet, and one which has no dark markings or graiu io interfere with the design. Having chosen ?onr wood, aud bad it duly prepared in the orm of a panel or table-top, or any othor part of whatover article you havo to decorate, the design is first drawu in outlluo with a pencil lightly, in order that the surface may not be Jrauressed. The wbito parts aro painted on with Chlueso white, tho dark parts with Indian ink, nhd tho shaded lines with sepia. The re maining portions are left untouched, unless the color of tho wood is objectionable, in which case u warm grey would be a suitable tint for thorn. If the black portions are not uniformly and deeply black, go over them again. Wheu tho pigments are dry and hard, tho peucil-Iines of ttie design nro retraced with Indian iuk, and a fins mathematical pen. The design beiug thus conipletcd,?and again hard and dry, it is ready for the polisher, who should do his work so thoroughly that the pol ish will resist effectually tho action of moisture; '.-vhieli, peuetratlng to tho water-color design, would soou d image, and eventually destroy it, Tho polished surface should be cleaned with a damp cloth, and well dried, to avoid this risk. 'London Furniture Uatttlt, lrtos m Plants. 80 far as investigations "have shown, iron forms no essential part of the plaut or animal, yet without it all growth and assimilation cease. If seeds aro placed ou u little, cotton-wool in a solution containing all that is essential to plant growth, with tho ex ception of iron, they will sprout and grow until tho iron contained in the seed, itself is exhausted, tho plant then quickly bleaches and ceases to grow. It a little phosphate of iron, whidi is almost totally insoluble, is added to the solution, aud occasionally stirred up ho rthat it may bo kept in suspension and thus como in contact with the root, the plant quickly revives aud continues its growth. Iron is an essential constituent of cbloropbyl, tho green coloring matter of leaves. Although found in all plants, und constituting an essential part of their food, it has never been thought necessary to supply it to them artificially, all soils being supposed to coutaiu sufllcicut for their wants. Hut no 0110 can have failed to observe tho izroater luxuriauco of vegetation 011 tho strong iron soils derived from the old red saudstouo than on those granite soils which aro compara tively free from h.Jounvil of Clumhlry. All housekeepers havo somo tiino realized tho difficulty of lighting a Are in a still, dump jmoruiug, when tho chimney will not draw, and vigorous Plowing proves ineffectual, science cxnlaius the trouble as "caused by tho diffi culty encountered in overcoming tho inertia of tbe long column ol uir iu the, pipe or clilmney, by the small column of air that can bo forced up through tho interstices of wood and coal, at tho bottom of which the firo is kindled." This may ho remedied by tlrst lighting a few bits of euitvlogs or paper placed upon tno ion; tnus, by tho heat id uir forcing itself into the chim ney nud establishing there nu upward cuireut. the room is kept free from tho gas or smoke which is ho apt to till the room; and the the ran then bo lighted from below, wltu gocxt buc Dr.0N7.iNii AnncLXs madk or Ikon Wiiik. The following, process is commended as the best and cheapest process : Clean the wire perfectly, and then Immerse it in a solution of sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) until covered with a coating of metallio copper. Then wath ami immerse me nrucies in ine louowing solu tion : Verdigris, 2 ounces; sal ammoniac. 1 ounce; viuegur, 1 pint, diluted with water uutil it tofctes only slightly metallic, then boiled for a few minutes and filtered. The articles are steeped in this liquor at the' boiling point, until the desired effect is produced; but do not keep I hem in too long, wnen taken out, wan caro fully in hot water and dry. FiBTENiNO Ibon in Sionk. A writer strongly recommends tho use of ziuo instead of lead for fastening iron railings into stone. It is well kuown that irou cemented with lead is con (umtd by rust very rapidly and destroyed, The zinc, however, established a galvanlo cir cuit with the iron, and beiug positive to the iron, sustains all the chemical action aud be comes oxidized, while uo-rust forms upon tbe iron. While with lead the opposite, lakes dace, it makes also with irou a galvauic com liuatiou; but the iron being positive compared with the lead, it undergoes the chemical ac tion, is oxidized, aud protects tbe lead at its own expense. Vouno engineers will Bud the following recipe a good one for polishing tbe brass-work of their engines; Hob the surface of the metal with rottenstone and sweet-oil, then rnb oft with a piece of cotton Uanuel aud polish with oft leather. A solution of oxabo acid rubbed orr tarnished brass soon removes the tarnish, rendering the rueul bright. The acid must be washed off with water, and the brass rubbed with whiting and soft leather. A mixture of muriatic acid and slam dissolved In water im parts a golden color to brass articles that are steeped in it for a few seconds. Tbi cultivation of science spreads steadily. A scientiflo society has recently been estab lished at Buenos Ayres, Mr. A. Luis Iluergo for its first president. According to their pro gramme, the members have arranged for carry ing oat several branches of original research. Little Engines. There is no difficulty in making a small steam engine. Such a device has commonly been the first chef d'ecuvrt of the ambitious machinist's apprentice, and a California mo- chanlo at a rocent fair in Sau Francisco, mounted upon the top of a post a motor with a three-quarter inch cylinder, made from tho first silver smelted in Nevada. We speak now of bona fide engines, those with slide valves and ' othor essentials, not of tbe small toys that of lato have been sold for fl, and proved how in. tcresting for amusement a scientific) and useful fact may be. Bat there is no good reason why ' a little engine of some kind should not be found a paying article in every household. In , cities it should drive sewlng-macnlucs, und in rurui regions operate iu cuuru auu luu woou saw. Thero is. indeed, much moro attention now given to this matter than was the caso a few . for the simple reason that no engine, far lcs years since. Not long ago tho French tcchui- tho exhaust steam from ouo, could ever pump cal journals described a petroleum furnace up water enough to drive a wheel which would with a self-adjusting wick, giving a uuiform give out half tno amount of power of tho ori heat to a small tubular boiler which fed steam giual motor. Tho waste in pumping and tho iu n Bumii Bkuuiu-cuiue. era ui mo eiuiui-. tors at the American Iustituto Fair has intro duccd a machine ou a somewhat similar plan for sewing-machines. Iu this, petroleum burners heat a vertical boiler, and an oscillat ing cylinder connects its piston-rod direct to a crunk on the shaft of a machine Doubtless many modlllcatlous of tho priuciplo may bo made, and the present low prico of petroleum would seem to encourage the use of this fuel for small motivo power. Hut tho objections to steam are manifest, aud although not iusupor able, aro of sufficient weight to render it well worth while to consider whether some othor tueuus cannot be used in its stead for giviug , tlin 1imd..rafn nnirA. tinw M ,1aiI,1.i1 .1natil.tvnl.ini ' . ... r""-- " -vv...v ,. for mauy purposes. In this tho employment of illuminating gas, mingled with atmospheric air, has attracted at tention for the third of a century past. For several reasons, perhaps among others the ac cumulation of sooty deposits from imperfect combustiou, this has not met with much favor. Possibly the cheapness with which, it is alleged, hydrogen gas may bo manufactured by novel processes, may supply n superior substitute for carburretted hydrogon, and ltrowu's gas engine of forty years ago (dependent for its operation upon ine explosion oi mixeu nvurogen ami air, and proved n falliiro ou a grand scale In pump ing aud boat propulsion) bo revived again with moro of practical utility, but less of sanguluo notoriety than of old. It has been claimed by manufacturers of hot air engines that n calorlo motor of small size would " till the bill " in tho matter under con sideration. Hut if we may judgo of the inordi nate sizd iu proportion to tho work done, of ihosu used in coffee und splco warehouses for grinding in sight of tho public, tho insertion reterred to may well bo doubted. Tlio safety of this motor is a Btroug recommondatlou for i perfect motor that is to Bay, ono that utilizes 1. .IH.1 II I. In l,.i ... ....... ..It I. ....... .. I.... ... ..!.... . . . . .1.1. ii, .mi i m iu uu ii-Kii'in-u iiinv nu uuu ims yri secu fit to test tho capabilities ol n hot-air en-1 ijiiiu ui-x-ujijiug jmco oi, n I- uuu cuuio iooi, , and heated by a petroleum rhino, There remains, in addition to tho methods mentioned above, tho use of electricity us a motivo power; n matter debated with much ridicule ou the part of thoso adverse to its uso and with much ctrnostness on that of those who believe tu its final success. On tho ouo hand the cost of rtinuiug an clectrio motor nud tho failure of mauy an apparently promising project aro urged as unanswerable arguments against tho feasibility uf electricity for any such function; ou tho othor, it may bo pointed out that long ago, I'rof, I'ugo ran a heavy loco motive at ulue miles au hour with mechanism imperfectly put together, und that there is no limit to tho possibilities of applied science nud practical mechanics. Between tho two tho im partial observer may bo justified in saying, I "wait and see;" but uonecuu deny that a light ; motor is ono of tho needs of tbo times, nud i that, consequently, it is tho duty ot some ouo to produce it. Xeicark Manufacturer, u , . , mrv iu j.m.puiji auivwunvi-r. Tim erAr.1rlvr la nnml ii.it ni.li. In tl.i tool-chest of every niechaulc, but in most houses, and In not a few offices. It ranks ilh the hammer, tho saw and tho axe, in gen - eral utility, and yet very fw pernous know anjiuing auoutuowiiBuoniauosuarpcncd Ho.imttor mnrket. For this reason wo will us to do its work most efficiently; that is, with the least expenditure of power, aud tho least "" iuiry proilnco oi uu kinds, eggs, injury to tho heads of the scrows. j poultry, dried fruits, lard, horns, bacon In driving a screw into wood, tho forco used ' ni potatoes. Io press tho hcrew driver against the head of the ' It irt highly gratifying; to UH to know screw tends to nld tho latter iu penetrating tlio that wo aro enabled to go into tho market wood, bnt when wo attempt to extract it Hcrow, nnil competo successfully with tlioso long oury pound of pressuro that wo apply tends in tho ImslnoHs. Many who wero weak to render It more difficult to get tho screw out. knre,i doubted our ability nud capacity to It thereforo becomes vtry important that the ,i this Hiii-inn- drivim nuav ill ,Innli screwdriver should be so formed that it may bo "'i ;"a. ,'B, 'l" , ... i yi , . kept iu tho nick of tho screw by tho exertion of " minds wo only pout to our the very least degree of force; for if it has any "I""' increasing business nud our miles tendency to sllpout, we can keep It in place hook to convnicotho public on thismatler only by applying pressure, iu which case wo That wo labor under disadvantages is run great risk ol ii jurlng tho ulok und render- truo;ltlttliatwohavoudocidodiind import lug it iuqiosMble to draw the Hcrew. ant advantage over our competitors is ns If wotxamiuoa screwdriver in the condl- well truo. Wo nro dally receiving letters lion iu which it is ordiuar ly found, we shall fr0ni thoso for whom wu do business; and find that it presents a auction in which tho it j, n B01lrco f firoat gratification to us sides of the wedge, in which all screwdrivers , to know . j , , 7 instiinc.i nnr unrk terminate, are curves wlh the convex sidis f. 1, 1 ... 1 1? ' 1 ? 1. 1 outwards. Now, the effect of thus curving tko is ludod ntl nil aro pleased with our -ides of this wedge, is to render It greatly w?Jo. of JolnK u,"nc,'H' , Wo Imvo r" moro obtuse. Moreover, wheu wo turn the tamed every one of ourcousignors thtitt fur; scrowdriver, the tendency to slip out of the "d, though wo sink in tho attempt, vso nick is just iu proportion to the obtuseness or will fitrlvo to satisfy thoso who aro ration -bhintness of the wedge, aud therefore this nl beings, who will givo us their lmsi form is the very worst that can be chosen, Iu noss. tho bauds of most good workmen, therefore, wu find that tbe screwdriver euds in u wdgo of which the sides bre perfectly straight. This is a very good form, but is not equal to a form in which the sides of tbe wedge tire curves, but wlln toe conant sidis turned outwards eT'threirmo'liol'rric"! living, frightening and boating, toruscrew which may be kept in tho nick bv baa often resulted in cases of abortion. tbe least possible pressure endwise. To grind independent of tho effocts of inipuro in a screwdriver into this form, it is necessary to , . . in . , . at.e erysmsll grindstone, and mauy of the al"tloiiB. Over-feeding and fouudermg, artificial stones found in market answer ad mirably. Mauy mechanics would fiud It to their advantage to keep one of these small grindstones for the purpose, as it could be run in the lathe with very little trouble. Tteh noloyUt. 1 ...vn .niitr.... I T11l... Ill-Lot,.. of New York, has introduced improv.d pro-lontiro syBtom, which, of course, is fol cesses and apparatus for effecting the separa- lowed by a febrile condition and a weak lion ot tin from tinners' waste. Tho scrap tiu ,i., 1.1 n , ,1 ,. ... or tiuners' clippings are first to be treated in hydrochloric acid of tbe streugth of 20 deg, lieuame', antil the bath becomes exbauated; and then the gradual addition is made, to th bath, of nitric acid, of the strength of 40 deg, lteaume, in conjunction with chlorate of pot ash, either pulverised or in tbe condition of a concentrated solution. Or tbe tinners' waste is to be treated with hydrochloric acid until about two-thirds of the tin is dissolved there from, when they are to be introduced into a bath of mingled hjdrocblorio and nitric acids and chlorate of potash, until the remainder of the tin is eliminated in solution. Can Electricity be Profitably Employed as a Source of Power? The Technologist thinks not, and offers an entirely new lino of argument to support its belief. If our esteemed cotemporary will sat isfy us that frictional electricity is more cheaply produced than that resulting from chemical de composition, wo will accept the inference. proved. Tho "ttchnoloaist says nut wo tniuK inat is, 10 say tno icasi, not There was recently on exhibition in one of our industrial expositions a sories of pumps, worked by exhaust steam, over which was placed the startling announcement, that, by means of them, water might bo raised to a BiTen hlght iu quantity sufficient to drlvo a i wuivr-wueei wmcu wuuiu give uui uiuru iuwci IVnn lltn Dlailtil.nitnlii. Itanlft TIia ..land... Ufilil water-wheel which would gi wed calculated to attract attention, bnt then nnlwvlv tuillAvml tlin atatonuilit Mrlntn.1 nil It. 09S caused oy wuui oi eiucioncy iu tno water wheel would bo sure to couatituo tho other half. Now it happens curiously enough that thero nro in common use two methods for producing dynamic electricity one being tho voltaic battery and tho other any form of mechanical power. In regard to tho latter, it is evident that the same principle holds true in regard to it that Is at the same time true in regard to the watcr-wheol aud steam-engine above men tioned. If electricity, which has been pro duced by tho agency of mechanical power, be applied to tho driving of au electro-motor, the latter can never uo made to give out aa much power as has been exerted by tho engine ..I 1 ... . l... .I.-. I -!..l. Y.. ...I ployed to produce that electricity. In other words, no one could bo fouud so foolish us to employ n steatn-engino to produce electricity for the purpose of oieratlng an electro-motor intcuded to drlvo machinery. It would evi dently bo vastly moro economical to drive tho machinery by means of tho engine itself, with out (ho intervention of any complicated appa ratus. This proposition is so self-evident that it re quires no eluboruto demonstration; but from it follows tho very obvious conclusion that, if by means of tho steaui-oiigluo wo can produce electricity more cheaply than wo can by tbe voltaic battery, then it is evident that .the battery can not competo with tho engine, as a source oi power, no matter how perfect may bo the electro-motor through which tho energy derived from tho battery is applied. Hitherto, it has been claimed that tho only difficulty in tho way of applying electricity as a motive power, consists in the absence of a properly constructed electro-motor; but if It ran be proved that electricity can bo produced more cheaply by means of steam than by the con- sumption of zlno, then it is clear that even u ,(( tu0 electrical energy, anil oonveris u inui mechanical power cuu not enable tho buttery (o competo wltii steam. Here, thon, is a crucial tost which is easily applied. Aud wo believe that tho results already attained do not leavo tho question iu any doubt. In tho case of tho olectro-deposi-lion of metals, ns well as tho production of tho electric light two Instances in which tho comparison botwetti tho engine and tho battery may bo made with great accuracy it has been fouud that tho engine is tho most economical, .1 fortiori, it should bo far moro economical as a Bourco ol invchuuioai powir, The Grange Dairy Agency. "Tho Dairy Pro.luco Dopnrtmcnt of tlio California Oranges is now a fixed fuel, uiul 'UIU11UJ IIIDVHUUUU, JalVUaTJ IIHJ UU) 1 -jAaBftAtSm j ttul lIltltflH 1. aart hm .1. Al.-t list of consignors is inorcasinB. Wo now I1HV0 III OH) UtltlLT HltlDllt'll tO UM tllllU 1U1V liouso in this city, excepting iorbupa ono or two, and boforo this, renches tlio read ' era of tho I'iiesh tlioro is ovory evidence ( and reason to bollovu that wo will Ivail tho I discontinuo to solicit any proilnco other Care of Cows. A correspondent of tho Journal 0 the Fiirm writes! Ovor-ornrtimi fmm Inn ur nurieitiug 1110 auimai, ib anoiuor fer tile cauBe; and still another equally com mon occurs from neglecting to water tho cow regularly and at propor intervals, then allowing hor to drink excessively of -"" VUt, IUUUUIUK UUIIIUilUU " "1"v wuu,u 1"-"''" " "tu miaous Of a variety of maladies, but moro espe cially to attacks resulting in premature parturition, whiah, in an abnormal condi tion of the darn, aro often so easily pro voked. In this connection I desire to express an opinion and conviction which, if dairymen will heed, thoy will find it safe, I am satisfied that no pregnant brute animals should have their food tailed, but should be allowed access to salt at all times, that they may obey their instincts. I When persons, void of both judgment and interest in animals thoy are to food, aro pormittod to supply salt iu tho fcod (of cows particularly), tliey are liable to forco tho animals to cat it with their food in I such excessive quantities that unduo thirst , is produced, tho over-drinking occasion ing Bovoro oliills, purging, and numerous concomitant effects, that often result in great injury to tho auimal. I Satvt fou Botteii. Never nso nny but j the very Lost Bait iu your butr, and lo careful that you leave no lumps or foreign matter in it. Sift it carefully through n 1 lino siovo. You will lie surprised at tho amount of dirt nnd foreign substauco you , will iluil in salt Hint will appear nu open-1 ing tho bag, perfectly puronnd clenn. Iu tlio country, whon weather is cold, uso n , triilo less than ono ouuco of salt to tho pound of butter; iu tho spring, when but ter is hardor, if it is to lio sold and used immodintoly this proportion will do, but if vonr butter is not to bo used nt once. put in ono otinoo of salt to one pound of butter, this being tho propor proportion for a genorul averago. If your butter is to kcop longer than tho usual time; that is, if it idiould require to bo packed solid or to bo piokled in rolls, it wants about 1 0110 pound of Bait to fourteen pounds of buttor. Common Sonse. . There is a chilly, disagreeable article, called common eon so, which is, of nil things most repulsive nud antipathetical to nil putted creatures wlmso lifo litis con sisted iu llatiury. It is the kind of talk which sisters are very apt tu hear from brothers, and dituglitoi from fathers and mothers who do their duty, wiuen setR tlio world boforo them as it is, nnd not as it is painted by flatterer. Those women who preier urn Hiioiuiy 01 geiitieuieii, nun who have tho faculty of bewitching their 1 senses, never nro in tho way of hearing rrom this cola ni.itter-ofruot region; for (1in.ii It t-.ii.11v ilium twit iivlut liV-111-l ' phrase that moots their ears is polished and Hofteued, guarded and delicately turned, till thero is not 11 1. article of home ly truth left iu it. They pass their time iu a mil leu 111 11. xuuy ininn iiieir 1111111 111 1 d of illusions; thoy demand their illu- s of Ml who ainirimnh them 11s tho U,Kp worl sions condition as by a sort ot instinct, rocoguir.u tho wo mail who lives ny nai.nry, nun givu nur tho portion of meat to which she is untit led in duo senson; nud thus somo poor women aro hopelessly buried, as suicides used to bo in Scotland, under a nioittitaiu of rubbish, to which each passer-by adds a Htouo. It is only by extraordinary power of circumstances that u man can bo found to invuilo tho sovereignty of a pretty woman witli any disagreeublo tld dings, or as Junius says, "to instruct tbo throno in tho language of truth." Mrs. II. Jl. Stoica. Ii.i.-ti'.sut.ii. A single person of sour. sulloii tamper -what 11 dreadful thing it is to havo such none in a house! There i ( not myrrh and iiIooh und nhlorida of lime, enough in tho world to disinfect a single homo of Btioli u uttisiitico as that; no riches, ' 110 elegance of uioiu, no boatily of face, 1 can over Hereon such persons from utter ( vulgarity. Thero is one thing which rising persons, linto tlio reputation of , more than all other, nnd that is vulgarity; . . , , ,1, , 1 .1 , . lint mill 110, iii-ieinper is 1110 vuigaresi, uiiiigwmv wu iiimm uuiu uuu iiiwn. ... ,,, can ever bring to his home. It is one of tlio worst forms of impiuty. Peevishness , in n honio is not only 11 nln iigniust tho Holy (1 host and a sin against the Holy' flhiist in tho temple of Lovo. Tievtloiv I'orkrr. l'litM ah A Hock. Lot tho winds nnd , waves of adversity blow uud dash around you, if they will; but keep on tho path of , rectitude, und you will bani llrmitsa rook. Plant yourself upon principle, und bid ' dellauuo to uiisfoitiiuo. If gossip, with lier poisoned tonguo, moddles with your , good iiuiiio, her not. Curry yourself erect; lot your eourso bo straightforward und by 1 tho serenity of your countenance nud 1 purity of your life, give tho lio to nil who ' would underrate and bulittloyou. Tuition Foil Daimiitkim. Tim Jour httlitf Health asserts Unit no thoughtful mother should rust until she has taught her daughters to do well the following ' things: To make n cup of coffee; to drur. a dish of ten; to Imkoa loaf of bread; to cook ti potato; to broil a steak or chicken; to cut, lit aud make n dress, uud to sot a tidy table. From which wo coiieludo thorn is no immediate rest for u largo number of inothurs. : Wr. worn standing 11 duy or two since at iho Providence depot, when a very rosy- cheeked lady, fresh from the Kiuuruld Isle, canio up to tho conductor, uud said: "Mister, bow long Ixiforo tho railroad will bo hero?" Whon ho quaintly replied, "Madam, there is ono end of it hero now," ' UroN tho "outor wall" of a neighbor ing female college tho othor morning, wus discovered, conHpieiioiisly displayed, tho sign "Domestic Hewing Machinos," 1 Komn of thoso specimens of total depruv-1 Ity known us college students did it. CouiiAOi:. when genuine, is never cruel, It is not tierco. It forseus evil. Its trop idations come either boforo or Kfter dan ger. In tho midst of peril It is culm uud cool. It is gonorous, ospeeiully to the fallen. It is seldom uttuiued. Tin: great blossings of tnunkind are within 11s. uud within our reuch. but wo shut our eyes, and like peoplo in tho dark, wo fall foul upon tho very thing wo search for, without iludiug il.Saiuca. Liy Stock Taiksi-OBTATIOM. Severance k l'tet, dealers aud importers of full blooded shiep at Nile Station, Alameda Co., have Invented und patented a railroad cur for tho transportation of sheep which is said to bo a good thing. Each she p is stalled by itself in tiers ouo above another, with heads poiuting to the center, where there Is a narrow aisle run ning the length of the car, Fixd is easily ar ranged iu this aisle aud every sheep cau eat at once, DEWEY & CO. American & Foreign Patent Agents, OFFICE, 33d UONTQOMEllV BT11KET, B. F. PATENTS obUlued promptly; Caveats filed expeditiously; Patent reissues taken out; Assignments 111 ado and recorded in legal form; Copies of Patents aud Assignments Iirocurcd; Examinations of Patents mads icro and at Washington; Examinations mado of Assignments recorded in Washington; Examinations ordered aud reported by Tele graph; ltejected cases taken up and Patents obtained; Interferences Prosecuted; Opinions rendered regarding tho validity of Patents and Assignments; every legitimate branch of Patent Agency lbisiuess promptly and thoroughly conducted. Our intimate knowledge of tho varions in ventions uf this coast, and long practice in patent business, enable us to abundantly satisfy our patrons; and our success and business aro constantly iucreasiug. Tho shrewdest and most experienced Iuvoiitors are found among our most steadfast triouds and patrons, who fully appreciate our advan tages iu bringing valuable inventions to tho notice ol tlio puono through ine columns 01 our widely circulated, tlrst-class journals thereby facilitating their introduction, salo nud popularity. Foreign Patents. in addition to American Patents, wo secure, with the assistance, uf eo-opemtive agents, claims in all foreign countries which grunt Patents, including Orcat llrituln, France, llclgimn, Prussia, Austria, Victoria, Peru, ltiiHsia, Hpaiu, llrilish India, Saxony, Jlrltish Columbia, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Mexico, Victoria, llriwll, lluiiria, Holland, Den mark, Italy, Portugal, Cuba, ltoman States, Wurtomborg, New Zealand, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, llrazil, New Grenada, Chile, Argentine llepubllo, AND KVKUY COUNTHY IN THE WOltM) where Patents are obtainable. No models nro required in European coun tries, but tho drawings and specifications should bo prepared with thoroughness, by nblo persons who am familiar with tho re quirements und changes of foreign patent laws agents who urn rolialtlo ana perma nently established. Our schedule prices for obtaining foreign pat ents, in nil rases, will ulwavsbo as low, and in some instances lower, thau thoso of any " ......-..,. W cm ami to get foreign patents for Inventors lu ,ll "c"1" s,tt,'H '""" lwo ,0 H'x months &i,ha,,ta,fthS.i:' ,,,UCUUlry other responsible ngeiiey. Homo Counsel. Our long experience, in obtaining patents for Inventors on this Coast has fumiliurired us with tho character of most of tho Itmuitiona already patented; hence wo nro frequently nblo to save our patrons the (Hist of a fruitless application by pointing them to tho same thing already covered by a patent. Wo aro always free to advise applicants of any kuowlcdgo wo huve of previous applications which will luterfuio with their obtaining a patent. We invito tho acquaintance of nil parties con nected with Inventions and patent right busi ness, believing that tho mutual conference of legitimate business und professional men is mutual gain. Parties in doubt iu regard to their rights us assignees of patents, or pur chasers of patented articles, can often receive ndvicu uf importance to them from a short rail at nur office, ltciuittuucca of money, niiuln by Individual in ventors to tho Government, sometimes mis carry, and it bus repeatedly happened that applicants have not only lost their money, but their Inventions also, from this cause uud consentient delav. Wo hold ourstilves rn. sponsible for all foes entrusted to our agency. ni'l'limiJIu 1111 1,11 iwn 1- ( Ta,- liriiiciiml portion of tho patent business of tills roast lias Det'll I done, uiul is still being done, through our agency. We lire familiar with, uud have full records, of nil former ruses, uud can moro directly judge of tho Mtlua und patentability of inventions discov ered here than any other agents. Situated so remote from thnseiitof government, delays are even moro dangerous to the invent ors of tho Pacific Const than tu applicants iu tho 1 Jihtern States. Valuable patents may Imi lost by the intra tlmn consumed iu transmit ting specifications from Eustiru agencies buck tu this coast for tho signature of Iho inventor. Confidential. Wo take great pains lo prcservo secrecy lu all confidential matters, uud applicants for pat ents run rest assured Unit their communi cations and business transactions will bo hold hIi icily coulldc utiul by us. Circulars free. Engravings. Wo havo superior artists lu our owu office, and ull facilities for producing lino uud satisfac tory illustratlousof Inventions uud machinery, for newspaper, book, circular ami other printed illustrations, aud nro always ready to assist putrous iu bringing their viiluublo dis coveries Into practical uud profitable uso. DEWEY it. CO.. United States uud Foreign Patent Agents, pub lishers lllulug uud Scientific Press unit tha Puclllu Kurul Press, ',1'JH Montgomery St., S E. comer of California St., Sail Fruueisoo, U. S. CATTLE MARKET, Cor. 6th & Bryant at.,S.F Cstllu Hulil mi OiiiiiuUaloii ur IwiiH'lit mi firm for CmIi, Hiiiteil, IS Mlliu Cuvts tint ITU Ihmviis, AitilriMsi DAWSON f. UANCUOKT, ItT II No. M'J fiiiulli kl., n. f. IMPORTANT TO FARMERS! Line to Liverpool. DIRECT. The A 1 Iron Ship Is intended to sail with dispatch. To bo fol lowed by other vessels. Freight taken iu lots to suit shippers. Apply to E. E. MORGAN'S SONS, 020 California StrMl, San Pranolaoo, Ornamental and Evergreen Trees for Salt at the Old Maple Leaf Nursery. Ili. sowen Luil tliUic.lnJ bwl UU, ' of or. nim.uul :.rr.a lr..., friiilTlr..of all klojl, l.o Um lot ut Ilia slu.llum. Irulu.ii iuch.4 10 ill (ibiiB, I (rum II lo SID ir UunJr.J. A !' Im ol l.'jp'.. Vtu.uitlJyiii!, o tin, kind. Ut.n Hojm ruau nil li qiltiitltji of H . MiU 4D4 l..buaum Tc' lr tti.tl Ualf. I would call Ilia aluoUunof tbalfad.U a laiaa iiuiolit of Auitraluu .oi fraa Tiuibar Sat-il. awl ciptclalls Mini Hiilan, el laa ....Cila, .... L M.NKW80. Kaal Oailaml, lilb St., ml Tubk'a llout. B.oJtSI I'lllllK, UI