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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 7, 1874)
2 UseJl lt'OfWiVTION' Wax Flower Making. Tho best white wax In required for the art pure, nod Ireo from granulation. Tbe con' latency may need to lo modified, according (o the state ol tho weather, slid the part of the flower to be imitated; It may be tuado firmer and more translucent by the addition of a little spermaceti, while Venire turpentine will give it ductility. In preparing tho wax for nae, it it melted with Cunoda bulsani, or some kind ot flue turpentine, ami poured Into till tin moulds; theae give it the form of quadrangular bloeke or slabs about nn iuch thick.- Ihese blocks re cnt into thlu ehoel or Ulnis, In one or other of several dlft"erout,,wjeby' fixing them do n flat, w ith a screw and n atop, and allclui? cifT lnyrrn with n, kind of spoke-shave; nr hoidlnir n block In the hand, and passim it along a carpe nter' piano, baling the face (np pcrtuo.l; or causing tho block to rlso gradually OVerilte IURO Ol mu lUVUItl, BUIl cuiuuk uu successive altera with a'smooth-edged kuife. The coloring of tbe' wax la mi Irofaortsnt matler, seeing tlieUtt some Instance the tint must pcnctruto tho hole aubalonce; whereas .In othera it la better when laid on Iheanrfdoe s a kind of paint, Tho choice of colore is nearly the earn as fur other kluda of artificial flowers, bat not I" ell Inatancea, The white colora are produced bjr white lead, silver wbllo and one or twoolber kinds; forred, Vermillion, minium, lake and carmine; for rota color, rarmino, fol lowing an epplle-itlou ot dead white (to avert yellowish tliila); for bine, ultramarine, cobalt, indigo, and l'rnsslan bine; for yellow, chrome yellow, massicot. Kapha yellow, orplment, Sellow ochre, and gamboge; for green, vcdlgria, chwelnlurth green, srsculo green, (the less of tbla the bciteii. and Tatlona mlitnrra ot bine and Yellow. For violet, salmon, flesh, copper. lilac, and nnmerotia lutetniediatetlnta, various mixtures ot some or oiuer oi me colors already named. Moat of theao coldrins aubatancea aro employed lu tho form of powder, worked up on a inuiier ami atuno wim useuiini uu oi citron or lavender, and railed with tho wax lu melted itate; the mixture is strained throagh niusllu, and then cnt Into the flat mou'da al ready mentioned. Or elae a muslin Isig filled with colora la atctned for a tlmo lu tho melleil wax. Tho material dealers eell tbesn slab of wax realy dyed, to save tho flower-maker from a kind ot work which ia chemical rather than manipulative. Home llowera require that tho wax shall bo uard In n purely white bleach id atate, colora being afterwurda applied to the lurfaco at seleclid spots, Tho mux l, of course, Iho chief material em ployed lu wex-llowir making; but it la by no mean tho onlv one. Wire bound ronnd with green ellk, timing biushra and pencil, thapea or stenell pattern, monlda and stampers, flock or ground np woolen rag, an. I many other iin plementa and materlale, aro needed.- The building-up ot a wax.flowcr la a work of patient detail. The pnttirua of Iravia aud petala are made ot papj-r or of thin aheel.tin, copied from tho natural object; aud Ilia wax autos aro cm out tu i-uuivuunj iui tueiu, Only the smaller and llghtir leavee are, how. ever, made lu thlswsv: tboto of firmer te. turo aud flilly of ahap aro made in platter monlda. Tho palterua aro laid on a lint, smooth service of danipannd; nrlmj inbuilt up round lueiu, ami noma piasuri poured juto tho cell thu formed, Oeiierally two auch mould are necessary, one for tho upper and on tor tbo lower surface ot the leaf. Homo, timca wooden mould are employed, iuto which (when moistened to prevent adhesion) tho wax l poureit in a mciicti uui inn very uoi einie. Tho slews sru undo by working wax dexter. nii.lv around wlrra. with or without au Inter vening layer of liken thread, lly the nae of Hock, down, varnishes, Ao , the leave are made to prevent n glosy surface on ouo side anil a velvety auriace on ine oiuer. a singular uiuue it pmuulug films of uuuatial thinness ia by the aid of a uiall wooden cylinder, like a com mon cotton reel, nr rathir, rllbou reel; this ia dipped and rotated in melted wax until it takia up ii thin layer, which, lajcr, win u cold, i cut uti.l unroilid; Iho difference of staootbur which tho two surface preaent fits them to rinrraent the umxr and lower aurfarea ot a hat or pibd. Tbo combination of all these liintrtlals Itilun built-up flower It it kind of work not ihtliiluguiuchfioui tint iserciseel in ngardtolixtila tlowera. IlriliA Trade Jotir- lull. Copying Medals. Copicaol medal or otlur almilir nrtlclra nay b readily mad by n very atiupla piece ot npparatu. A cant of tho medal U flrat taken . . M!.! 1 .t.iHn l.u .....1m, ul.lt... Ilia ...A. I.. I 111 warn, mi" ,..'.... vj ,...-. n .uv ....., or coiu lightly, and thin pouring tho melted waxovtrlt. Iho objict of tho tuoUteuIng it to lirrveui luo was aiieaiuK iu mo auiiaeo ui lie metal. White the wax I allll warm, n piece of copper wlro ahould be Imbtddul in it la ler'e aa iipwll, and tocouuect w lib the lino in the deeomiKlug cell. After removlug tho medal from the mold, tbo etiiface of the mold ia dueled over with flue plumbago until II nppear iulte black; all ciomi ot the carbou U then catefully lemovfd with aolt bruah. If flue Iron uliug cnu 1 bad, few uf them aro Ifted over tho faro of tbo mold, and a aolntion ot aulphata ol copper la poured on It. It I then cari'uHy w"UfJi tbla aervea to give it very thin coating ot copper, aud facilitate far ther operation, but may bo omitted If not con venient. Cato.uiuU tx takcu, lu putllug ou the plmulaigo coaling, that it cornea in routact with the i-opper wire. A very convenient way of applying tbla wlro I to Und it into ring allgbtly'liirKer than tbe medal tube copied, lay it ou tho table erouud the, medal, and pour the wax over loth at Iho wuue time. Scraping with a knife eipoeea Iti completely. The iuot.1 being prepared, take au ordinary glaird earth euware banin four or five Inchce deep, and in It at I a .mall flower pot, having prevloualy plug- il.. Vl. In ikaa llitlllltlt 111 IllA CA Irllll It i.ifceol wihhI.i, IUU w, or other jtullaUe i a ee.i ' a ... Id A lid vtlld.1 Ball I. a material, i no uowrr i. - - """" " "" " weak aolutlon of common aalt. Tho outer ba lu la then filled with a atroug aolutlon of aul phat ot copper, and a little Ug holding cryi iala ot aulphat ol copwr la buug til it to keep II aaturaled. Add ft few drop ot aulphurto arid to both aolutlon. place piece of xlnp In the iluwer pot, aud oounect It wilh tbo wlro of the mold. Tbo mold being uow put In Iho outer aolutlon, coailngot copwr aoon ahow Ittelt. The mold may I left in Ibe aolalion two or three da) a, it a thick coaling I doaired. ifoafon Jounml i CArmWry. l'aorrwou Atuaatfc Tho doctor aropuuled to accoaut for tho aymtoua ot lb dUeaae by which Agawlx leal hi life, atda carelul autopeybaa lieeu made. The bialu and all tbo vital organ, eepecutty tue inoii. were eiauUed with treat rare. The atomacli and lltar wore uee iiom uiei . VTu "Jrv vera found evidence ot the (rouble with which tbe Troteaeor Buffered a lew yeure ago. Special attention we paid to the Xraln, which waa found 10 UYery largo and heavy, though il exact wl " no' V"a. ",ulBJ; Carefnl Wftinlnatlou aa made of the baa of lb brain, and to Uauro ancctt In ibia, it will Jm nereaaary to allow It time to balden. Polishing Wood With Charcoal. Wa avlrnet from tha 'Mnf. IrVilw the tot lowing description of Iho method of lliling wood with charcoal, now much employed by French cabinet-maker ; All tbe world knowa of thoae" article of fnr. nltnre of a beanllful dead black color, with aharp, clear cut edge, and alamooth aurfaee, tha wood of which aeema lo havo tho denilty of ebony; viewing them aide by -tide with fur niture rendered black: by paint and varnlah, th difference la eo aenalble that Iho considera ble margin of prleo aeparatlng tb two kind explain! itaclf without need of any commentary. The operation are ranch longer and mncJi mora minnM in inia mono oi cnarcoat poiian log, which retpect every detail of Iho carving, while paint and varnlah would clog np the hole and widen the ridge. In tho flrat pro ceaa they employ 'only carefully aeleeted wood (if ft cloaa and compact train! thev cover them with coat of camphor diwolved I u water, and almost immcuiaieiy aiterwarn wim anolner coat compoaed chiefly of aulphata of Iron and nut-gall, Th two competition in blinding penetrate the wood and give it an Indelible tingo, and at lb tarn tlmo render It Impervi ous to tho attack of Iniccta. ' When theao two coal are anfflcUntly dry, they rub the surface of Hie woo. I nt flrat with n vtry hnrd bruU.of couch-grass (citournl)aud then with charcoal of aubatancea as llcbtand frlablo aa maklble, bfcante'lf. ntltigle hanl grain rcriiniiiidlti the charcoal thiaalono' would scratch the surface, which they wish, on tho contrary, lo n ndtr perfectly smooth. The Hat pattanre rubbed with natural slick chnrcoal, the indented p.ltlon and crevice with char coal powder. At once, almost simultaneously, il aillaavreeil avl a warllla tliaft 4ttntBtt aI 1ia' wwrtl- man alo rub hit piece of furniture with flan-' neleoaked iu linseed oil and tho essence of tur-1 pontine. These pouncing, repeated several time, cause Iho charcoal powder and tho oil to ponciraio imo luo woou, giving ino ariioio oi furniture beautiful color and perfect polish, which has none of tho flaws of ordinary var nlah. lllack-wood, polished with charcoal, is coming day by day to be in greater demand; it la most serviceable; It dues not tarnish like clldlnc. nor srow yellow like while wood, and in fnrnishliig a drawiug-room It agree very ' happily with gilt bronzes and rich etufla. In I too anting room, ion. u is morougniy in us place lo ahow ofT tho plate to tho greatest ad van- tiiRp, am. In Iho llbrarjr Itaupitlifia cnitil iramuworx lor iiammomoij iwnnu hooka, DopiEsxic Economy Roast Turkey. After drawing the tnrkey, rlnio out with aeveral waliri", and iu next to tho last mix a teaspooufal of soda. The insfifo of n fowl, especially If purchased in Ibe roarkit, I sumo time very sour, and Impart an unpleasant Uste to the tlufflng, If not to lb Inner part of Iba leg and aide lone. The noda will act as n ronrctlre and I moreover very cleansing. Fill Iho body with IhU water, shako well, empty it out, and rinse with fair water. Then prepare ft dresping ol bread crumbs, mlied with butter, perpcr, rait, tbyme or sweet mar. Joram, and wet wilh hot water or milk. You may, II yon like, add the beaten yolka ot two egg. A llltlo chopped sausage Is esteemed an improvement when well iucorporatid with the other liigrediinl. Or, mlncaadozen oysters and stir into the dressing; and, If you are par tial to tho Insle, wot Ibe bread crumb with ojelet lliiuor. Tbo effect upon the Inrkey meal, pnitieularly that ol tho bn nit, ia very pleasant. Hlnfl the craw wilh th!', and lion string tluhlly about Iho neck, to prevent the escape ot Iho stuffing. Then till tho body of tho tnr key, and sow it up with strong thread. This and Iho neck-stiiug aro to be removed when the fowl i dished. In roasting, if Your fire I brlk, allow about leu minute lo a onud; bnt i It will depend very lunch upon tho turkey' ago whether thU rule hold good. Dredge It with flour lieforo roasting, and baste often; at , first wilh butter and watir, afterward with the' craw lu tho drtiinlniMiaii. If vou roast In an-1 oven, and lay tho tnrkey In Iho pan, put In . with It a teacup of hoi water. Many roast al-' way upon n grilling piaceu on me top ot tue pan, In that caso the boiling water steams the under part of Ihn fowl, and prevent the skill from drying to fast, or cracking. Itoaat to a fine brown, aid If II threaten to darken loo rapidly, lay a sheet ol whito paper ovtr it un til the lower part 1 also douo. Blew tbo chopped uihlets in Inst enough water to cover Iheni, and when the tmkey is l lilted from tho pan, add these, with the water In which they were boiled, lo tho drippings; Ihickrn with a spoonful of browned flour, ' wet with cold water lo prevent lumping, boll ' np once, and pour iuto tha gravy-boat. It I tho turkey I very fat, skim tho drippings well i lieforo putting In the giblets. I Keren with crunlierry aanco. Some I it f rled ojter in the dish around tho turkey. Zr. . Boiling Potatoes. The lady anlhores of "Uncle Tom," and I divers other lwpular publications, baa Wen i writing A homily nil ennkingpotatoea. I should writing A uouiiiy nil rniminginiaioea. I shonl.l like lo know If Mrs. Klowe doe real I r boil no. talnra herself? I do, and I have long slucot kuown better than to pare my potstofs raw and then dome them naked Into water red hot noniug at two iinnureu ami ninety none-power. That is ouo way to boll potatoes certainly, but not the proper one, by a very long way, l'hil. osophy, common aenae, and a month or two of practical eipi rieuco ovir the dinner pot, teach u gnat deal better lhau thai. My dear madam, don't yon know fifteen sixteenths of all tho starch that ft potato affords 1 deposited so near tha surface, that however carefully wo mar pare ti tubers ill raw slate, wo are euro lo throw away the greater portion nt that very material that wo eat potatoes for? ! Then, It we lout our potatoes into bolliug water, unprotected by tin ir overcoat, wo havo aet in a second, and hopelessly Incorporate,! with the mass, that eeuil-voUtlle priuciple which give Iho Ill-cooked potato It slightly acrid, something insipid, aud always objection able flavor, Any thoroughly potato-bred Iil.h woman) would aa soon think ot committing regicide, a , boiling her potatoe undressed, iu the manner recommended by our literary lady cook. Aud I then are no belter potato, or potato cooks, any where in tbla world than there are iu Ireland. I tell you, fellow-housekeepers everywhere, Mi iarivi.,i .j iw wt Kjiniu iu any country, provided boiliug ia tho determination, la to wash it clean, first let it lie In clean cold water two hours ten I all Iho better ulae It tu cold water in Iho Dot. without iiarlns. boil moderately until Iho test fork goes amoothly mite of core. Then drain off th water, aet the not over th tiro uncovered, for five ruinates. after which whip on Mr. 1'oUto'a jacket in ni hurry, and send him lo Ibe table In do ionabl and faatldloua, it la preferable to aem murphv" in hia coat. l'leasa follow this formula few lime, and I It you ansa una ii pernicious practice, you WILLAMETTE FARMER. shall be at liberty to consider Madeline as competent to write a readable romance, as ehe is to oook potato, Snlunfrty gcenlnj foil. tys .SwrMftOYAv- - Fattening Pigs. Tho Michigan Farthr aays; Ono of tho best pie breeders wo know is W. Smith, tho well-known master of the Marino Meat Market in Detroit. Ho has n Usto for keeping; tho nest hogs that aro to be bad. Few ean exoel him in the fineness of pnro bred Suffolk!. ssex. Berkshire and Po- Iftods which he breeds, lie has tho faculty of making tho moat out of the pig that can bo made.. Ono of his point of fattening pig is thd use of 'the pin stock to wash it clean, and the curry-comb to keep its skdt In perfectly healthy condition;.!) is also' narticnlsr to havo it fed regnlarlr oYery day, always at tho samo time to a minute.' xio cnanges tuo loou irom umo loume, and when onco the pig lift started to got fat It la novcr'nllowod too back. Ono of tho best kinds ot food to start plus with oonsiala of ilea or beans mixed ulili tho offal of tha ilnlrv or tho buttorr. with a .little ' One oorn-racal thrown' lo.' llarloy-mcnl is excellent, or cruslio.l oats, but no food Is equal to pens for n food to statt oh. Both pons and corn should bo stooped in wator, tho hotter tho bettor, and allowed to stand and soak up all tboy will. Wo notico this is tho troatmont that makes Smith so successful. Sotno of his pigs when started will gain thrco pounds a day; and wo havo seen In his stalls Essex and Suffolk crosses that would dress 330 pounds at ton or eleven months old. But one of the fattening processes was a bath, with a flexible hoso, at least twlco a weok. Tho hogs get so ttsod to tills thst tnoy lino It, ami scorn to know when they aro to cnioy this luxury. for tlioj- will como out and lio down os QUICK as luo water uogtns to, iiiny upon thorn. It is tho quick tattooing that pays, and lipgs tutis trcatcu mano as prouiauio a ro turn, oven with pork at Q to 0 conts, ns anv iwrt of the farm prodtico. Then again a hog should havo a dry placo to llo; in fact a good, woll sholloroil pen, with a dry ilank under him, wliero ho can sleep without disturbance, aomo- what dark unit many, wuu no (irons oi wind penetrating through It, rather low in tlio roof, so that the animal heat he gen generates will surround him with a tem perature that is ploasant; and when accus tomed to bo fed regularly thoro Is' no ani mal moro puuclual in its appoaranco at tho trough. Then ho should be foil all ho will rat not an ouuco moro. No food should remain in the trough after lio gets through, and then It should be thorough ly cleaned out. AVhon put up to feed in this wlio tho hog does not need any oxeorciso, nor docs lio rcqulro space for it. His wliolo com fort Is in returning to his lair, and havo a n-ood opportunity, undisturbed by outsida affairs, to lueroaso In weight, and to make an auiplo return to his owner for tho food lio has enjoyed. Suoun Best ron Swinr. Jonathan Tal cott gives a statement In tho llostou Culll riitor of an experiment performed ou n Suffolk pig whero sugar beets wrro large ly employed for fattening. Tho animal wasauouiayoar out, anu ma iceuing on boiled sugar beets, tops and root, began on tho lGlli of August, and was contluued thrco times a day until tho 1st of Ootobor, aftor which ground feed was given, con sisting of two parts of corn and ono of oats, tureo times a day, until luo animal wns slaughtered, tha meal being mixed with cold water. Tho result uas. on Angnst, ItHli, whon tho sugar beet feeding was begun, that the weight was !)G0 lbs.; September 1st, 390 lbs.; October 1st, 4S0 lbs.; November 1st, 020 lbs. This Is tho substance ot the statement given, by which wo pcreclvo that tho incresto tho last ot August, whon fed on boiled sugar beets, was at tho rnto of two pounds per day: tho samo rata of Increaso on the same fond continued through September. When fed on ground corn and oats, made Into cold slop, tho gain for tho next llfiv ilajs was less than a pound and a half per day. Tub StoclJounial , otter giving a num ber of ex)H)riments lu feeling corn to pigs, remarks that thrso experiments show that there Is within a fraction of twenty-four pounus oi porx in n uutuot oi corn; ana tlio cllorl ot every farmer should bo to on doavor to got out as much as ho can of it And to do this ho mustliavo tho right kind ot hogs; they must bo placed iu tlio right condition, uud fed iu tlio right manner, wim a view io prom. Arrsstro rox Dutinu Griin. M. Colgntt naa recently iievtieu an apparatus for tbe pur prae of drying grain and other aubstancea at a cheap rate, and without destroying tbo germi natlnc power of Iho seeds at tbe sarna lime. For this purpose tbe articles lo bo dried are placed u;iou perforated stage, and traversed by current of air from above, downward, heated lo the proper temperature, from 1013 to Iz'iJ Fahrenheit, which be find best to suit hi purpose. A still higher temperature, name. i, ironi ouvn-.io aw--, applied In tbo same ap. poratus, euable him lo dry certalu animal matters, intended a manures, without cauiiu; tb loss ot their nitrogenous material ; but a such a temperature ol dry mr would ba apt to oauso combustion, ho replace ibis by super heated steam. Iu this way he ho succeeded iu preparing twenty cublo metre per day, aud bo I ot the opinion that lu tbt way wo cau best luaVo n of auliual which, iu certain couutrteaai llueuos A) re, Australia, Jto., aro killed for their bide aud tailor, aud tbe de composition of which lu great quantities is so liable to produce pestilence. lcaElSK IV Pnpnt i,i,iu T I. . ..1... ft! ,B!!l.?JSr '" .ft?. pp?i'?u ot Xs ! . , ,uy"Mi upwaro ot Jo,. 000 by mean of immigration alone. I'lacing .i 7 '',"'" itf.uw, wnico ia sale Mlitual, at lb proportion ot birth over laaaftiha. fat Vatrv Idpita. f. -.!. .. . . sw rl tho hM Uhifit Htfcte 1q th Unlou. autl we kdv ai tAtal fnAK.- . a a aa. T. v ?, :r. "" m u,vuu for the year. II this rats of increase contiouea, by the Urn annlhPTAar sKll 1... uli., ..'. w . ---. v iv.ieti arouuu, WO Will have ft popnlatioo of over one inilllou. WHeM, ETc. r The Future Wheat Supply. - Tho uso ofwhoat bread is eonslanlly increasing' over tho wliolo world. Bye and Indian, oatmeal, and rico aro gradu ally losing ground, ami for tho reason, M has been stated, that thoro aro great im provements, in tho manufacture of flour. This reason is probably not'thotruo one. Wealth Is Inoroasfng,knnd'1p4ople drcss better and liro in moro' .oomtortablo houses 'than formerly. Wheat bread is dm fnrul nf n civilized man. whilo-corn'. oats ami other coarso grain are deficient in qualities which makoUno musctes, sne which enter into the composition of a well organized brain. When Indians beg. they oak first for bisonit, "blagit;" and whenlnn Arab is given corn bread, ho looks on it with, contempt. Tbo Chinese profer wheat llonr to rice, and the 8pptli American ranchmatf gladly exchanges wool for Baltlmoro flour. Tho pcoplo ol tho Southern States always pretended to Hke""coru bread best, but on Sunday morning biscuits were on tho table, ard tho hegro, bolng now freo, thinks so much of ilotir that ho will pay out his last dime for.it, oven if ho lias to go without whisky. In tho slavory days flour was a most ao ceptablo gift from a young colored man to his girl whon ho went to sco liorj it was moro oholco than caudy, or "honey in tho honeycomb." Tho domand for llonr by tho Asiatics and tlio l'sclflo Islandors is constantly Increasing, notwithstanding they have trees which benr bread, milk and tallow, and so also is butter coming into request. It is tolerably certain that neithor ancient nor modern Asiatics ever tuado butter as an articlo of food, and it wonld ftccm that wheat bread and butter must go togothcr. With this great de mand for wheat, it is somewhat alarming to consider that tho wliolo United Stales cast of tho Mississippi docs cot raiso enough for tho people, and that it is bo coming an important quostion how they aro to bo supplied in the near future, say ing nothing about Europeans and Asiat ics. At present, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska mainly fur nish tho surplus rcqnlrcd, but If wo aro to judgo by tho past, tho soil of thoso sco tluns will In a few years become so im poeerished that wheat growing will cease to bo profitable Tho only regions ro mainlngaro California and tho interior embraced by tho several Territories, and unless soma now methods of cultivation shall bo introduced, tbo surplus, it no have any, must oome from, countries where rain saldom falls'. Slid which most Eastern 'farmers think wholly' unlit for habitation, Tho truth really Is, thoso arid countries have an almost incalculable ca pacity for whoat growing; and it Is likely, that Montana surpasses all othersthough at present it is so remote and inaccoasiblo that no moro uiau wnai is poeticu ai uoino Is grown. Tho great Missouri and many largo tributarlo flow through Montana, giving vast volumes ot water that can ba used for Irrigation, and with good farming tho' yield per aero is marvelous, Colo rado can grow an immensa surplus, so can Now Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Idaho and Nevada, whito wo all know, that California boirs tlio palm through all tho world; nor is Oregon much behind. Tho futuro sur- J tia of wlio.it then must, at a no distant lay. coma from tbo mountain regions ia tho heart of tho continent; and it is. worth whilo to add that Iho uerago quality, Is so high that Eostorn farmer havo no oou cention how high It is. If, thon, tho increased uso of wheat bread is indicatlvo of an advancing civil ization, It is natural to oonolnde that tho superior finality of tho surplus for tho fu turo will Lo still moro fuvorablo for the human mco, and especially to the people living whoro this lino wheat is grown; and In addition, another important fact is to bo mentioned which is, tho purity of tho atmosphore of all this trans-Missouri region, where fovors, agues, and all mala rious diseases aro unknown. Eerywhere suow-eappod mountains are In sight, tho streams aro always cold and clear, and tho sun shines with undiminished splendor 300 days in tho yoar. X Y. Trxhunt. The editor of Moore'i liural speaks of moadows which hare not boon plowed In SO years, und yet thoy yield not only heavy but first quality buy; thoy having always been pustured in early Fall, net er fed closo, and occasionally borrowed and top-dressed with fino, well-rotted msnuro. Witch Sr-nuo . Ilalr-spriugs, tsy a writer iu tbe lltloria JAittirliir, srs made in the fac tory, ot finest English ateel, which come upon SkiI like thread. To the naked eye it is a round a hair, but under tbe microscope it become a flat, steel ribbon. This ribbon is Inserted between Ibo jaws of a fine gauge, and the dial-baud shows Its diameter to bo' two tweuty-nva hundredths of an inch. A hair plucked frcm ft man's bead measures three Iwenly-flva hundredths one from the bead of a little girl at a neighboring bench two tweuty-flve buudredthe. Actually, however, the finest hair is tico as thick as tho steel ribbon, for tbe hair compresses one-half be tween tbe metallic jaws of Ibo gauge. A hair spriug weighs oue-afleenth-thousandth of a ound ttoy. In straight lino It ia a foot long. Huh Vobridoc Doll a fresh beef bone f I think salt beet would auswer it euf&cientiy freshened, though I never tried It,) in ft largo quantity ot water, and uso tho meat for any thing ) ou choose, Let tbo liquor become cool, and remove all the grease. Doll a teacupf nl of beau In three quarts ol this liquor until thor oughly soft snd lu pieces; add a little rice, the necetsory amount of salt, and jatt before taking from th stove, a little Ihlcktuwg ol some kind of meal. Wo use it about tbo thickness of gru el or gravies ami add a little milk when w eal. Tnc Srrcraoamru. The name Is given to simple little device for copying drawing, ex hibited in tbo French department of tb Vienna Exposition, It consist of a board, near tb middle of which la a rjleca of window. class fattened at right anglea to II by mesas of two grooved wooden upright. When placed near window, with a drawing or copy on the end ot the board nearer the window, Its reflection lu tha class cautea It to anoear noon ft abeet of whit on tbo oppoaido aid of the gist. In this way quit an accural trftdng can be made by ono who is no draftsman. fr1l8CELLriB0U8. Type-Setting Machines. The question Is very often, asked by pub lishers, with ft strong empbaais on tbe first word, "Is there ft type-setting machine which will economise tiejlstior ot tho prlntlug office, ' or save us from some of tho Inconveniences attendant upon the Illness, Incompetency, or, as sometimes happens, the natural perversity of.tyEe.tetlcM?'',We'intist,say that, for our pntt,.wo would miner, deal with tha crooked nesSt'otMh coniposltAri Ho type-setter hni yet been Invented equal to Nature's own com positor, and none wuT yet brf Invented equal to It tantll tho prlnciplo upon which Inventors proceed In workfli jt 'out the problem is radically cbanged.V We nreshown Kastenbein's machine, In the (Oca of, the t'a-bflan Union, and aro told It "works admirably " but wo see ono man with a rick and knottier with pincers, helping along the man w llo plays the machine, while anbther cc-ueclsUnd tolestnp tho type, and yet another dpens (he apparatus and ihnkta up the "anpply tubes" or forcesopen a gate. We find that Ibe distributor does not work with halt Ihs rapidity, iind ia allll more complicated. Yet wo af e told Unit "the" Loudon 7 Inirs uses six of tbem.! Tbatabonld settle. tha-uiatUr, only lldocsjiot; and wo feel that even if tho London Times need flfly of tb maohlnort It, would moke Ihim no better than they are. Tho Irnth is that no machine within tbe means of .the. prlnier has yet been invented which will do the necessary work. No such machine can or will be Invent d, as wo have sold, until Iho principle adopted is -radically changed. Delcambre's Tjpe-sclllng Machines differ but slightly from thoso above referred to. These are ho only machines we know of in regular nso lu New York nowapaper offices, yet we think that no ono could observe the trouble they give, and their rather meager results, and believe that machine type-aettlug bad become a fact. The catiaclty oliilmnl for the setting ma chine Is but 3,Xh or 3,000 an hour. Deduct from that tt.o fact that yon must have a still more complicated distributor of ball tbo citac Ity; that these machine are delicate, valuable, hard to sell, and requiring special operators, and the fact that "the London 71tnrs uses sir. like them," is but a meager recommendation. As in this brief notice, in roplyto many ques tions, wo arecontlning onrselves solely to those.., , machines which are most In use or seem likely,, to be, we will next couslderlho Woatcott Type setter. This Is in' ninny respects an Imporuntv, machine In tho first pluru It does awiiy.wlth' a distributor, At best a rather absurd part of a " type-setter, for it la hard to expect a machine built to eel type, to be able to undo it work to. advantage; it la a cheaper machine, less likeljv than some others to get out ol order, and cou-' tnlns more nail powur for Usefulness wltldn-it- r. self than, any other. It Is not likely lbat.lt ls Iho last result that inveutors will yet arrive at, but it certainly has high claim. It comvkta of a compact iron seml-cyllnder, ooiituinlnuuia- triers moved with key. tTboso matrices travel to a reservoir of Imtllcd type composition; the"-.. type is jmnde; pamed .through its gsugeinud'.: cutters and moved lo iu proper; place tlnlshed - and cold, more quickly than It could be taken from a box. i ' i ,, t - We havo seen this machine work, and find lt lo be' one of the most Ingenious, a it Ktcer-. talnly one ol tho most Interesting mnohlnes wo have over seen. n II Is culled, lifter Its Inventor,, "Tho Westscolt Typo-Setting Machine," but lu must occur to any Ibougbttul printer that type making I a very ulcc'Opsratlon; that tboun-", epector In a foundry moat bo coustaully nt, work with hi glass aud his gauge to dblcver the smallest chauges and dillereuces; thaCiyf o f made aa described must bo subject lo tUvtt, ns"" Indeed are all type; that the cutters and gauge must eventually wear out, etc., '(to. Yet Jjruc-. tiee will soon tell us about tbese, things, and If Is possible that experieuco will remedy tlu-m. If so, tboocoupallou of the type-founder, exceptor for fancy tyiie, is modified. JlenunulleiMo aro told that the Hariierabavo ordered so many, and other so many, etc., fact which say little, iu favor of tha machines, but show Ihut they will bo so. well tried that printer will kxow -soou enough whether they can use them to ad-" vantage or nol. Tho machine Is apparently"-; not very fast, but.it must bo borne lu blind that theto lno distribution to bo done. H Lastly, wo must say a word for prrin" Drown' machine, which Is, wo leurn, walking. la advantage at the present time In Iloitou.' It Is on book-work, however, and this Is an Im portant fact. It is probable indeed that the first available type-setters will be used for this purpose. ', If any questions aro answered in tho above. tho whole object ot the article Is gained, and we may say that few printers need tronblo themselves for somo tlmo locome about any -advantage they hope to derive from t) pe-set-llng machines, especially if wanted for small offices. .YeiMiaprr ife;orr. Iupsovid FiBErracK, Fredilck l'rondfoot," Toronto, Canada, has an Invention which cou i slsts of a fireplace, provided wilh au open front and back and a single fuel or lira chsmber to enable it ta bo inserted Into partition walls of rooms for heating two adjacent couipartuunts, " and au arranged that it cau be readily converted Into a single or one-front fireplace, ThVIn- veution further consists In tho provision' of a- " suspended lire or fuel basket 'located lu the,, chamber ot Iho fireplace, and possessing o-m tubular shank adjustable on a stationary tabu." lar pot. aald basket being also provided jw ith- counter-balance weights to causa the sataa to" bo elevated Into the chimney when the Idol, is," removed. The Invention also consists iqliho nso or combination with anch a fireplace of a" steam generating boiler or tank, ana pipes to convey steam to tbe fire-basket for aldiugVthe" - combustion ot tha fuel, while tbo aurplus steam""", is conveyed to tho dome of radiation, and final-' ly to the chimney, " w- How to TntiT Ilcsxs. The less thst simple cm, bruises and burns sre meddled with, the"5 belter. If Ibey are kept' clean and excluded from Iho air, nature will take care of tho leal-' lng process. The aalvea and lotions so com-' niomy used are generally irritating rather- thau beneficial, ana binder rather than hasten -' tbe euro. For cuts, a little court-plaster to keep the edges of tha skin together; for bruises, -. wet cloths; for burns, a covering of dry wbeaten"" flour are usually all the treatment, aud tbo very best, that can bo used. If from au nubealtby state of tho body or from external irritation,' inflammation ia produce.!, something more" mav bo renuired. iho remedv varvlcu with tha special caae; -- Btsmm ToiAcwuui. 4. 0. Herrill & Co., agent for tbo Australasian and American Steamship Company, report that tho steamer JJocffrroor will arrive in San Francisco on or about the 19th proximo, and sail on Tuesday, the 27th. CljuVbuUt steamers specially ad apted to tbla line have been built, and wilt therefore be dispatched on schedule time every twenty-eight days. Annexed are tbe rate of tare from San Francisco j To Honolulu, first class, seceud-clsss and steeraw. 7S. 50. and 110, respectively. To Fiji Island, $150, 125 and (90. To Auckland, tlCO, (135 and tW. To Sydney, (300, (ISO and (100. To Mel bourne, (.0, (ICO and (110.