WILLAMETTE
FARMER.
3
Hoptl HD Ferff,
"A Little Und Well Tilled."
Ilaa any farmer over considered the
great significance of that humble expres
sion? Thoro 1 nothing about it to
attract particular attention, and still
might lead io the thought, that farmors
as a genoral rule undertake the cultiva
tion of too much land in which the;
greatly err. It has come to be Tory natu
ral for the farmer in settling upon his
plans for the year, to make his calcula
tions to sow bo many aeres of wheat, rye,
barley, oats or other grains, to plant ao
many ncres of oorn, potatoes, beans, or
other produota without stopping for one
moment to consider the question of labor,
or whether ho has manuro sufficient to do
oven partial justlco to one-half tho sur
face indicated. The result of this is to
occasion great inconvenienoe, to say noth
ing of haste in cultivation. Again, oth
ers hare so strong a desire to add to their
aores, that tlioy are continually purchas
ing although they oan but half cultivate
what thoy hare. It is an old and true
maxi-n that "What is worth doing at all,
is worth doing well," and this should be
tho watchword of (armors in all their op
erations. It requires no argumont to prove that a
small farm "oil cultivated is better than a
largo one half cultivated. Porsons having
a kitohon garden upon which much pains
liavo boon bestowed, cannot faavo failed to
obsorvo the very great returns that have
been furnlshod, and if the aama course
could be pursued with all lands, tho ro
suits would be proportionate. The fact is,
that but few farmers know experimentally
how much an acre of ground is able to
produce. The gardens of meohanics aro
ofton very productive, and are rnmetimes
an approximation to this. It is well
known that ordinarily tho preparation of
tho soil works very marked changes in the
TOulta obtained ; tho moro finely the soil Is
pulvorizod, the better it is adapted to fur
nish food for the growing plant, and yet
bow often is it tho case that tho soed is
planted than that furnlshod by tho plow,
and if tho yield is a trlflo below tbo ex
pectations of tho farmer, tho roiult is
charged upon some climatic conditions or
anything but the true caneo' Thero aro
crops in wbloh the necessity of greater
pains is belioved to oxist for tho reason
that without reasonable preparation, the
nature of the plant ilseli revolts and ro
fuses a fair increase. Such is the onion
crop, and in fact the same may be said to
bo partially trno of all rout crops. The
grower of onions has learned that unloss
his soil is mellow, thoroughly pulverized,
and so prepared to receive tbo seed, be
may as well sow it by tho wayside as in
his soil. Why is it, too, that the raisers
of tobacoo expend twice or three times as
muoh labor, and apply a proportionate in
crease of manure in the preparation of a
field for that oropt Simply because they
havo learned that their returna are moro
than proportionately increased. Now
what is trno of tobacco would prove
equally true wlthothor crops, only farm
ers are not as ready to believe the fact.
The probable average produced of corn is
about thirty bushels nor acre, and yet
there aro cases of a production of one hun
dred and twenty, and even moro bnshels
per acre; and yet no one would believo
that four times the amount of labor was
expended Id the latter cose that there was
in the first. The secret lay in somewhat
heavier manuring and a moro carefnl
preparation of the soil to reoeiva tho seed.
The after cultivation could not, of course,
havo been greatly increased. Then let
farmers try "a little land well tilled" un
til there is furnished some valuable infor
mation of the maximum oapaolty of an
acre of ground, when cultivated with ad
ditional care with an inorease of fertil
izers, and there will soon bo a great revo
lution in farming practices. Practical
farmer.
Hew He Did It:
We know a farmer, now in comfortable
clronmstaooes, who beginning with a few
cows and constantly increasing their num
ber paid all the expenses of running bis
farm, all the grain bills and brought up
his farm to a splendid condition solely
from the profits of his milk. His system
of management was to bny good cows at
the outset He required that they should
attragt eaoh more than the can per day,
season in and out, whieh many milk
raisers are oontent with. His farm at the
outset was run down and did not yield hay
enough hardly to pay for the cutting.
Buying grain by the ton, and feeding It
to the oowa: spreading the manure on the
land and turning it over and sowing rye
and oats and millet to be used successively
for fodder; turning over more land and
laying it down to grass; all this time sell
ing bis milk and buying grain and more
cows, he now produoes forty cans a day;
is obliged to sell hay because he makes
more than he can possible nse; and his
management is suoh that he actually more
than pays for all the grain that he bnya
solely from bar sold off his farm.
He believes in soiling cows; in fact he
aays be can't afford to pasture them, ba
llerina that the lnoreas of their manure
will more than compensate for the extra
labor employed in soiling.
Two smart men oan ao au ni wok ana
not be over driven at thai. He tells bit
oowa to the butcher when they have reach
ed the minimum product of milk that he
oonnte on: and the prices realised are be
cause of their fin condition, often greater
than the original eost of the animal. We
know another farmer who manage much
the same way depeadiag on liberal grain
feed and soiling, and puttlog every dollar
made on the land. He 'bars what would
be termed poor (took, that Is, cheep, thin
ty or lony aouars cows, ana loot to less
profit from hi tails' than from the Increased
value of cows for beef , and the iacreeae of
hi manure pile. However; 'he U -now
riehT and hit money ha been mad solely
by the above management Jtou. Plough'
Small Farm Maxims.
1. Small farms are oheaper and easier
than large one, and pay better for capital
invested. Therefore, small farms are best
2. If you want to make your farm pay,
you must give it your daily personal at
tention, dui ii your laim is too largo
yon cannot do this; hence, as I said above,
man larme aro oest.
3. If you don't want your farm to rnn
away, you must ston littlo leaks. We mav
expect fower leaks on a small plaoo than
on a big one; honce again, small farm; are
UOS.
4. Teed your land well, and it will feed
you. It takes less to food a fow acres
than a greut many. So you seo small
arms are ueai.
S. It you would llvo Ions and enlov life.
work a little, thon rest a littlo. But if you
havo a large farm you must labor all the
time. Here again small farms aro beat.
(J. To raise bier corn, von must keen
small grass. To make small grass you
must cut oicen. ao in tuis, wo una small
larms aro mo twist.
7. If you have a good fence you need
foar no lost of stock. Bnt fences are
costly. Thus once moro wo find that
amall farms aro the best.
8, If you want good roads and plenty of
schools, ohurohes and mills, you must
have a dense population. If farms are
large, this is impossible. Therefore, I
declare small farms to bo tho best
0, Farms should inoreaso in valuo year
by year. It costs loss to imnrovo a few
acres than a groat many. Hero, as boforo,
small farms are best. JVeie England Home
Head. PoiIltay Ya-
Fattening Chickens.
It is boneless to attemnt to fatten chick.
ens whtlo they are at liberty. They must
uo put in a proper coop; ana tuls, like
most othor poultry appurtonancos, ncod
not be expensive. To fatten twelvo fowls.
a coop may bo three feet long, eighteen In
ches high, and eighteen inches deep, made
entirely of bars. No part solid nolthor
top, sides or bottom. Discretion must bo
used, according to tho size of chickens put
tip. They do not want room: indeed, tho
olosor they aro tho bettor provided thov
can all stand np at the same time. Care
must bo taken to put up aueb as bavo been
acouttomod to bo together, or thoy will
fight. If one is quarrelsome, it is better
to romove it at onco, as. like othor bad ex
amples, it soon finds imitators. A diseased
ohicken should not be put up, The food
should bo ground osts; and mar either be
put up in a trough or on a flat board run
ning along the front of the coop. It may be
mixed with water or milk the latter is the
better. It should be well soaked, forming
a pulp as looso as oan be, provided it does
not run on ine uoarti. ruey must do well
fed threo or four times a day the first
time aa soon after daybreak as mar be pos
sible or convenient, and then at intervals
of four hours. Eacli meal abould be at
much and no more than they can eat np
clean. When they have done feeding, the
board should be wiped, and some gravel
may be spread. It oausb them to feed
and thrive. After a fortnight of this treat
ment, you will hare good, fat fowls. If,
however, there are but five or six to be
fattened, they mnst not bare as muoh room
a though there wero twelre. Nothing is
easier then to allow them the proper space,
as it is only neooasary to have two or three
pieces oi woou io pass between tne Pars
and form a partition. This may also servo
when fowls are put np at different degrees
of fatness. This requires attention, or
fowls will not keep fat and healhty. As
soon aa the fowl is sufficiently fattened it
must be killed, otherwise it will not get
fli tt Hlll U.. tm. Tlf-1. .ul.
IIIWIiUUI dill 1UR uvuut II IVWM MS4U-
tended for the market, of course they are
or may be all fattened at onoe; but if for
home consumption, it is better to put them
up at such intervale aa will ault the time
wnen tney win ne required tor tbo table,
Journal o Chemlttiy,
Preserving Eggs.
A correspondent of the Country Genttt
man writes as follows: One of your cor
respondents ask for a method of preserv
ing eggs tnrougn tue winter, iierols a
way that my wife has practised with per.
feet success ever sinoe we were msrriod,
wnicn is twenty-eignt years. Hue puts a
lump of lime aa big at a man a fist in a
bucket, and fills with water. After the
lime falls, it is stirred up and allowed to
settle, and it it then ready for nse.
The eggs are put into a vessel, and the
clear lime water is nourea over tbem, to
gether with tome of the thick, creamy part
of mixture from the bottom of the bucket.
If only clear lime water is used, the eggs
win not aeep, ana ii too mucn lime irom
the bottom of the buoket I put on, then
it will eat the shells. Sbesaya that she
pours in th creamy part in about the p-o-portion
of a big bowlful to a bucketful of
lb clear water.
Onoe in a week or two ab examine
tbem and stirs them np. If the shell are
roach, there it too much lime, and it anr
of the eggs were not good when put down,
they will pop when she stirs them, whiob
makes it neooesaary to take tbem all out
and wash them before repacking. This
never happened but onoe. The stirring Is
not tor examination suone, out it neces
sary to the preservation of the eggs, for
if they should lie too long In one position,
the rolk would settle down to the lower
part of the sbell, and then spoil, the aays,
Th stirring it aooompliahad br mnninjr.
her hand to -th bottom of th reatel.
wniett la easily done, aa in egg aro al
most floated by the water, and drawing it
aliiwlr to th too with the hand bant.
Tlil I a eold job in winter, for th egg
nuns ssw nvse su awiuiiwu wi wun,
bnt mats not be frosen.
Now for tar part of th statement. Wa
bad eggt for breakfast this morning that
war put dowBBom time last summer,
when they were plenty and cheap, and
ther teemed Inst the same a fresh earns.
We hare plenty of egg every winter, and
all winter for oakes, puddings, poaching,
boiling, or any other use they can be put
io, ana mat at me lowest prico or tne year,
Thb Arw
Transferring Bees.
A writer in tho Southern Cultivator gives
tbo following bints on this dellcato opera
tion: When about to transfer, havo
everything in readiness, so as not to have
any delay in the oporation. Have a room
or small out-house ready, (soma experts
porform tho oporation in the open air, but
I would not advise anovico to do so,) placo
asmsll table oonventont, covor it with
sevoral folds of cloth, so as to give a soft
substance for the comb to rest on; havo at
hand a lot of strips of wood ono-cighth
Inohos square, halt inoh longer than tho
frsmr. mil A Ink r amall wmKI,a .Inn.
suoh as are used on car tiokots, to bo bad
at mo stationer s.
Qo to tho hive that von wish to transfer.
blow smoko in at ono entranco, rap on tho
side of the hlvo, continuo tho rani at in
tervals for about ten minutes; by that
timo mo Dees ueing tborougbly alarmed
will havo filled themselvea with honoy.
Now move tho hivo into tho room and
leave an old hlvo on tho stand, for absont
boos to go in when thoy return. Invert
tho hlvo, placing top on floor; tako a cold
chisel and hammor; cut off the side par
allel to comb; the bees will crowd to the
opposite side; remove side of hive, have a
frame lying on tablo, two stioks undor
neath; cut a comb out, and cut It to size
of framo. no mattor if rou kill soma of tho
brood; lay It in framo; put tomo stioks on
ion; spring ruuuer rings ovor ends of
sticks, raise gontly and put in new hlvo;
placo tho comb in the aamo position in tho
new hlvo as it had in oldjcut out tho noxt,
and brush adhering bees into tho now
hivo, until tbo now hive is filled; put all
tho boos in: close nn tho now hivo. and
let it stand for a whilo.
If the bees exhibit any uneasiness, run
ning about tho hive as if looking for some
thing, tho queen may not bo in, thoy will
bo looking for her. Hunt for a clustor of
bees, dip them np and put them Into the
hlvo; as soon aa sho is in all will be quiet
again. Carry hive to old stand again,
shake out the boos that are in the hlvo,
nit mom in iront oi new biro, and tbey
will all go in.
If in tbo operation tho comb should got
uiumu. ui ii jwu wau iu ui mo uroaen
oomb in, lay three or four aticks or as
many aa is necessary under the frame;
place the plecee of oomb in aa a-ood order
as possible, same number of aticks on top,
and fasten. Remombor all aticks to be
fiat in perpendioular to bottom of hivo;
n threo or four day afterward go to the
bive (by that time the combs will be fast
ened to the frsme) and remove rings on
top, pun out suoks; mo rings leu in tue
hive will bo carried out by the bees. Af
ter moving the hivo to its stand, contract
the entranco, so that tbey can protect
themselves against robber beet, aa tho
odor of broken comb and honoy will at
tract a good many. This is the objection
to performing ft in open air, at you are
likely to be bothored with robbers.
Save the Combs.
Every scrap of workor't oomb, if only
two inches aquaro, can with a little skill
and a few splints, be profitably usod in
patching np unfilled frames. After the
frame of scraps is placed in the hive, it
will take tue workers but a little time to
put it in good order for breeding and stor
ing purposes.
Combs and frames that have been badly
soiled by stocks having dysentery, can be
easily cleaned, and rendered fit for naa of
beet, I had a large number of slocks die
with dysentery in the winter of 71 and 72
and several hundred frame of oomb left
in a verr offensive condition. After the
bees had died, I aet tbo hivet out, took off
tne tops, ana let tne snow and rain and
tun have free aooets to them. In a short
time, the combs were at clean and sweet aa
before the beet had the disease. The cells
tilled with water, but this was easily
thrown out, by holding the frames and
comba firmly with both bands, and giving
tbem a few quick downward jerks.
Two or three good showers of rain will
cleanse the fonlest frame and combs. Af
ter they are well washed, the water should
be thrown out; the sun and wind will then
dry them in a few hours. I have used
all my toiled combs, after they had been
cleaned in this manner, and the ben used
them at readily a tbey did thoso that had
uevur wuitou. uor, runner journal.
It la an excellent thing to hare a good
memory aa a rule, but it is quite at good
to hare a poor one sometime. There are
some things it would be suoh a blessing
to forget. Angry remarks and bitter re
torta are amongst them; bnt, alaal a
thousand good words are forgotten, while
the bad one is remembered forever. It ia
far easier to learn an idle, aenselesa jin
gle of rhymes than a beautiful hymn or
poem. Do not waste yonr time and at
tention over what you would some day
give much to forget. Slanderous words
are far better forgotten than remembered.
One of the beat helps to forgetting is nev
er to tpeak of tbem, not Jven in a whisper.
If yon bear a playmate say aomsthlng un
kind of another, keep it to yourself; the
will forget it pretty toon, and feel a
kindly at rr toward th person. Bat if
you tell it, then what a storm yon will
raleel How th girl will take aides! and
two parties will be formed, and very likely
the "irle' parent will join th quarrel,
and th whole neighborhood will be in a
great uproar lost iMoanae of that cross
word you bad ao much batter let die.
What would ron think of a parson who
went along picking up all th old burr
ana inistie ncowa nnd.and then fas
tening tbem on to neonls? Jnet such
nnlaanee are those malicious, thought!
words. Don't pick them np, ana they
win uv uut utue uurt.
The Mining & Soientiflo Press
Started la lS0n,tsone of th oldest weekly Joeraslsnow
publlshsd In Bea rtsnclsoo. II hw bean coodueted
br IU pneent proprleton for tn yesn, daring wblch
Griod It ha. bf a npsstsdly eolsrged sod eonstsatly
iproved. Tho ectlvs snd stesdf sst sfforts of 1U pub.
Ilihen hivo gained for tts coodact to sniount of practi
cal etperttneo greater than sny Iber publlshen havo
accumuiaiea on mis cook, oi a wrciiv journei.
Tbo lam paid br no for tho best editorial taloot ob
tainable for our epoclil claii Journal i for enmvlogi,
for interfiling newi and correipondenee, md fur print,
Ing a largo-iUed, handiomo Iheel, li unequalled j that
of an other American weekly weit of the MlMlulppl,
Al a PaacnoiL Hurtna Jovuiai. It hu no rival on
thil Continent
II ll lha onlv UtrwlmoiL. and tha onlv Sciurma
Journal ol tho Paciao Hlateo.
tverv Ulner, AiaiTer, Mlllman, and VeUllurgllt In tho
United Btalea ihnuld take II.
Errrr Paclflo Coait Mechanic, Englneer,Invenlor,
aianniarturer, rroieoaiouai aiao, ana rrogreeeive
and lnduitrlai student ihould patronlM IU column!
of freih and valuable lnrormallon.
Everr Mining Engineer, Ronerlntendent, Metallurgies
nine uwner ana uine woner in ine world inouiii
proBt by Ite Ulaitritloni and deacrlpUona of New
Machinery, Proceeaeo, Dlecoverlei and Itecord of
Mining Eventi.
Every Intelligent thinker In tha Und, In high or humble
eiiuaiiou, wdo wouia avoiu meriry ireaa lor genu
Ine Information, ihould 8UBS0U10E AT ONCE.
DEWEY A CO..
DEWEY & CO.
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
OFFICE, SM MOXTOOJJEIir STREET, 8. T.
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(according to the location of the country
sooxia than any other agents.
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Our long experionco In obtaining patents for
Inventors on this Coast has familiarized us
with tha character of most of the Inventions
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able to save our patrons the cost of a fruitless
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SANTA sURIARA COLLEGE,
aMSfgi P . waa.
Il4 llilBMUj MaliirMSIH NflsMlaf
sJgaat alar La at avail, wilfcatsil ssslIsw
shattM '
KtaVIa. I.tal. I Itra. 4 ipi f ktf llatUII,
aMfia. Papal f Mam
VI m sJPaV Us) IIJ
tit ft UsVaYlattM tt
SM-iv
.t-wiiuu WVr
M Mr
Mieclurs.
100 AOKsTTS WAHTXD.
Si to IU per day, sellta th sMnotive Utile "O 01-
bvs Wmmhmrm." Oraal . oSUm. ae
fufUiculsn. Address.
sevt-sss a. a, ooooixo, reutusu, ou.
anaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
BBBfgBanfgBanfgBanfgBanfgaaW affaf
Pure Blooded French Merino Rams and
Ewes,
for Mlo I'T tlOBEllT D LA COW. of Oenlnellle. Itin&ti
Oountjr, Oil , near Mllea Slatloo, ou tbo Weitero and
Southern Paclflo Itillroacl.
Theee Sheen are miaratiteoii of bom dearent. Im tha
french Imp rill Flock ll IUluboulllel.
AIm a few well bred young Dulls of tho Durham
blood. llvaam
XIIOMAM ate WHIltLAND,
Importers and Breeders of
, Cashmere or Angora Goats,
1SSL -"-
rune BLOOD AND all okades,
For Rats la Lois to Salt Purchasers.
Including s Choice Ix)l Imported br A. KOTTCUIDM,
s native of Angora. For particulars apply Io
S. P. THOMAS, Sacrunealo, Cal.
oa
E. D. SHIBLAHD, Auburn, Cal.
tf.ClLMOBE
IM0flt",((IIC0tsj
IVI.TAS MSXUNU.
Boo description la raclfle Itural Freee January 4, 1STS.
Addrsss X. OILMORB.
sow E! Dorado, El Dorado Uouutjr, Cal.
Pure Bred Spanish Merino Sheep.
OXK UOlfDBED UCCKS AMD A FEW EWES,
Bred from Vermont Stock.
A portion wen bred' by JEWEtT DUO, of Ears do.
Oan be seen at Sweroer Tarde. corner tfaward anA
Tooth streets, Baa Francisco.
JBWKTT at XUM80N,
Cosmopolitan Hole!.
Svt-lf
THOS. BUTTERFIELO & SON,
Breeders sad Importers of the
Ootewold, Lincoln, Laloeatar, Tazsl and
South Down
$
flaw.
HIIEKP.
Tira autooua. ooai?
How offer for ssls Ihs Purs Bred sud nigh Orsdos.
Wo hsvo a good lot of Hooks of crosses between lbs
Ootewold and south Down, between tho Uncoln snd
Leloeetar, sod the Uncoln and Merino.
THUS. UUTTEHFIEU) BOH,
Itvtsf llolltiter, ktouUrer Couatr, 01.
NOTICE TO WOOL GROWERS.
Oa Ihs 9Sth dor of Jsautrr net! we will sell si pnbUe
suction, si our rsuoh. near Wsieootllle. Heals ivus
Oounl, Callfurnls, a cboloa lot of pun breed Aagon
Vucki , also s few pun breed Angora Ewls and high
grade Angon Ducks If desired bv the Udders. We will
cell it loset Iblrtv head of pun broods without nsorve.
We hsve the slock. The brrodrra of Ibis Oosst sn la
bsedof II. snd ws wish Ibem Ii some together sad
msks their own priors. English broaden hsvefollowed
this practice for centuries, snd ws will trj II In Cali
fornia. II affords bnd.n sn opportunity of gaUlag
stock to suit Ibem both In qnsllly snd price.
dsiS-lm LAMOBUat BODOBBS.
Patrons of Husbandry.
JOSKPH SBYMOUH aOJf,
Manufacturing Silversmiths and Jewelers,
M MOMTUOMEaV STRUT, ITBAOISE, . T.
Ws are bow pnparad to furnish Oranges wllb
Full Bets of Jewels for OBcon' Begslls (II pel IIS
rail Bets of Working Toole and Case IT pelV,, t
Bpud, Keeping Uouk and Hoepberd s Crook T
Bend P, O. at onev Order with your order to Dswsv k
Co . offlco of the FaclSe tturel Free. Baa Fraoclaoo. It
will esvs Eipnas collections sad orerlsad Espnss
chsrges.
eOBEI'If BETMOOB k 0,
Bvracuss, B. T.
Ilv4m
MOUNTAIN RANCH FOR SALE.
A valuable sad productive nub Is offend fuf sale,
located on the puolls road, between Orese Valley sad
Oolfal. The ranch contains 6eo scree of leod 910 paid
for, snd patent reeelved for 160 oontstnlng sll Ihs best
meadow lead, snd SOU sppls trees IS and Is yean old.
Then sn ill lots of 10 scree eaeh, railroad taod.wblca
will inske lbs title good to any buyer. The dwelling
bouse Is not furnished yrti it contains ten rooms,
Istaed sad plesuredi g on lbs upper ffoor sad 4 on Ihs
lower, with belli sgood elone cellar and ooekool bora.
Last jeer I.CJU0 botes of winter spples wen shipped
Then sn SOU peer trees, snd plomaand peaches enough
for family nse. The owner cole from to la SO tons of
meadow bay per year. Then sn from l.cxw to 7,000
eords of wood, worth 11 per oord, now standing ttpoa
the ranch. Terms liberal. Apply to
P. K. aUataTBB,
No. Sll Montgomery St., Baa Frsaolsoo,
September, IS. IslS
Valuable Farm lor Sal or Exchange.
100 ACIE OF TBI BEIT FABkt I.AHD IK TBI
TATE OF aUCBIOAH, a portion of which Is wsll
Umbered, Bspldly Increasing In value. Title perfect.
Will be sold or eseheJ god. Is lots Io suit, for BBAL
ESTATE IB CAUFOBMIA,
Apply to O. S. OBOCBBB, Boom Is, Be. Ill
California street. Baa Fnacleoo. llTt-ks
ValwMe Dairy and Grain Ranch
FOIl Mix.;,
la Sea Basso Oooaty eotaprlsla MO acres, M sens
under csiUvstlon.eod all wsll wstsred sad substan
tially Improved. iao,alnof
v-m tom. W. JOBDAsT,
B, B. cor, Clay sad Front its., Baa Ftaatlaee.
rPRIy