ft
2
WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Ought Shingle Roofs to be Painted?
If It Is nn economical prnclico to paint
nny other part of an architectural struo-
turo, moat assuredly it in n commendablo
practico to pnint shingles. Wo novor
could nndorHtnnd why certain build
ors havo persisted in advocating not
to paint shiuBloH, oxcopt wo judgo thorn
to bo influonccd by morconary motives.
Every intelligent buildor is awaro of the
fact, that nhinglos and Hiding, when not
painted, will wear out very much soonor
than if thoy had boon protected by n gon
orous covering of paint. Ilenco, reason
ing from a Hellish policy, it is bolter not
to paint HhinglcH, because tho paint will
promoto thoir durability, and whntovor
)romotes their durability tonds to dimin
ish tho labors of tho craft, and Hiuh cur
tail tho revenue of civil architects.
Tho houso in which tho writer was bom
wnH covorud with shaved pine Hhiuglos in
tho year 1805, at which timo tho roof ro
ceived a generous coat of oil-paitit, made
uf linscod-oil and Venetian red. After
twenty years elapsed, another coat of
paint, nearly blade, was applied. Sinco
that period no paint has been applied, and
it is now n good roof for an old ono. It
docH not leak, and tho only repairs on it
havo consisted of a shiuglo added hero
and there, whom a portion of it poor Hhin
glo was worn out. If tho roof had not
been painted tho butts of most of tho
courses would havo been worn ontirely
away; and if such long periods had not
linen allowed to Intervene between tlio
times of painting, tho roof would have
been a good one even after tho lapse of
a hundred years.
Homo one once suggested that, if the
roof is painted, tho puint will cause the
water to back up beneath tho next course
of Hhingles above, which will thoroughly
saturate tho two courses, and thus the
decay of tho roof will bo hastened, That
is unmitigated nonsense. There is not a
word of truth in tho assumption. On the
contrary, when the surface is painted, the
water will glide away so quickly that it
it will not be diawu back between the
courses of Hhingles half as readily as it
will bo when no paint has been applied,
Tho true way to paint a roof is to apply
paint of Home Id ml to both Hides of the
Hhingles, It is iiiitu as important that
tho under Hide of every shingle be covered
with paint as tho surface, to prevent the
water from liuiug drawn up between the
courses by capillary attraction. If good
Hhingles am painted on both Hides, ami
good paint bo applied to the roof once in
ten yours, it will coutinuo leak-tight for
mom than a hundred yeais.
When it iw not desirable to save the
water for drinking, coal-tar is an excellent
and cheap paint for preserving shingles,
and it will pay well to nmear a roof with
this material once in four or live years,
When roofs am not painted, moss is liable
to collect at tho butts of every course of
shingles, which promotes their decay more
rapidly than allernato rain and suiiHhine.
When oil-paint is used for painting shin
gles it is always hotter to employ some
light color rather than black, iih the apart
ments of the ntte story, beneath a black
roof, are liable to be uncomfortably hot in
thoHiimuior, and, more than this, as black
paint absorbs more bout than any other
coloi, neither the paint nor the shingles
will endure as long as if tho roof had been
covered with hoiiio light-colored paint
A metallic roof covered with light-colored
paint will last much longer than if it hail
been painted with u black paint. The
most economical paint for the roof is a
generous coat of coal-tar ouco In a few
years; but coal-tar will color the water for
live years after a coat in applied to the
roof. Industrial Monthht,
bo longor and hoalthior omploycd and
not hurriedly mako way with, in a fow
minutes, that which should occupy them
for hours. For this reason ovory Hort of
focdor or hopper is bad. It is tho naturo'of
fowls to tako n grain at a timo, and to pick
grass and dirt with it, which assist diges
tion; but if, contrary to this, thoy aro
enabled to cat corn by mouthfuls, their
crops aro ovorfllled, nnd thoy Book roliof in
execssivo draughts of wator. Nothing is
more injurious than this, and tho inactivity
that attends tho discomfort caused by it
lays tho foundation of many disorders.
Whilo speaking of food, it may bo observ
ed, that when, from traveling or other
causo, a fowl has fasted a long timo soy
.'lOor -18 hours it should not bo allowed
any hard food. For tho first threo hours
it should huvo only u Binall portion, Boy a
tcacupful of sopped bread, very wot, ho
much as to Borvo for food and drink. If
tho bird annears to snlTor much from tho
journoy, instead of bread and wator givo
oread and nio. Uor. Jitci, Parmer.
Asiatic Fowls.
Having dovotod much timo during tho
past twonty-llvo years to tho caroful breed
ing of poultry, experimenting with near
ly every known varioty, I am fully con
vinced that tho light lirahmas and Part
ridge Cochins excel all others in tho
production of eggs and as markot-fowls.
In keeping a very fow birds for family uso,
tho smaller vuriotios may do well; but for
breeding oxtonsivoly for profit, I find them
too fastidious, woakly whon young utid too
small for profitable market-fowls. Tho
Asiatics aro very hardy, grea: winter lay
ers, and when properly bred aro broad-
breasted, compact, Holid fowls for tho
market, and can bu kept on tho namo food
that u hog will eat. I feed principally on
pumpkins, small potatoes, cabbage and
all unsal able veritable grown upon my
farm. My twenty gallon boiler, if tilled
with vegetables at night, and after boiling
ten minutes is thickened with eight
marts of corn-meal, feeds my .'t()0 fowls
tho next day at a trilling oxponso. Our
chickens hatched in .March, sell readily in
llostou market in .In no at SI each.
If properly managed there am no ani
mals kept on our farms that aro so remuner
ative as a well-bred Hock of domestic
fowls. Cor. (let; Tel.
TrE FL0WE!l QRDEfj.
Saving Flower Seeds.
Marking Sheep. For marking, any
good linscod oil paint will bo permanent,
but on tho dark surfaced Merinos tho ,
principal color should bo "Venetian rod.'
This will show at all seasons of tho year.
It is hotter to mix Japan varnish with the . . . , . ..m!rl,i-
paint, as it will wear better. Cast iron ! Though tho gathering of seeds reminds
figures for stamps can bo found at most us that tho beauty of tho flower is gono,
hardware Btorcs. In order that tho sarno jj j9 n pleasing occupation, because it
number may bo put on any sheep ovory .)romise9 ug ,,ieft3Uro for another year,
year, car-marks should be used. Number- . ., . .., 1,i
Ing tho sheep gives tho breeder a chancers a usual thing it is bettor to dopond
to weed out tho most unprofitable animals upon tho seedsmen for your supply, but if
with unerring certainty. Ono successful ! y0U )inVo very lino flowers, chooso two
breeder informed mo that as soon as ho nf three nlnnts and uick off all tho side
began to shear unwashed, and to number buds, sending tho wholo strength of tho
and registor tho yiold from each animal, plant into two or threo blossoms nt tho
his flocks increased four ouueos of wool to most; frequently ono is quito enough.
each sheep por annum, until ho reached , 'fj0 Up tho plants with colored yarn, so
ton pounds per head. SfocA; Journal. ' that no ono will pick them: pull up nil
r, ; ,V T7T "" i icTiltho sinalo flowors that might mix with
, STf Jnnn nnnV "i"' "T "fi 'it !i . " 1 V q"o sure of sav
about 32,000,000 sheop in tho United i , d j Gather thorn on a dry
n ft,t0nS,iy,clM Dgnio?3non nnnSu in 4'. when tho seeds are thoroughly dry.
of wool each, or 123 000 000 pounds, in rc80rved in tho seed vessel are
inn iiLrirri'LTiLin. i ii iiiiiiiLiiiii. liim iliujiuli -.
importation of wool amounts to about 70,
TFe QrclJviD'
OOU.OOOlbs.. at a cost of 10,000,000.
Then wo import woolen goods to tho
amount of nearly 8 1 1,000,000 por annum.
Thoro is room, thorofore, for nn incroaso
of 17.000,000 more sheop in tho country
to supply tho homo demand for wool, anil
for about 12,000,000 to displace tho im
portation of woolen goods, lint this can
never bo dono effectually until wo adapt
tho different broeds of sheop to different
lands and latitudes in order that wo may
produce all tho grades of wool required
in our manufactures.
TffE VEqEJBLE QrDEfl.
Potato Culture in the Mountains.
Tho Amador Ledyer puts forward po
tato culture as worthy tho attention of
those who want profitable employment.
it Hays:
inoro clumsy to pacs: away man tnoso
which nro cleaned, but thoy aro said to
keep fresher. When ready to sow them,
clean them by passing through sieves,
having holes largo enough to lot tho dust
t escape and retain tho seeds. Small sieves
1 can bo mado of a thin hit of pasteboard
cut in a circular form, and tho edges
turned up; then piorco tho bottom of it
with holes mado with a pin or a darning
needle. Mako several different sized
' sieves, and rub tho seeds through tho dif
ferent ones.
A lady can mako a small cabinet of pasto
board, with as many drawers in it as tlte.ro
aro letters of tho alphabet, and ns she tics
up tho packets, each can bo put into its
corresponding drawer; or a paper bag
with each lotter of tho alphabet marked
upon it, can hold tho seods until desired
for planting. Feeri Woman Her Otcn
Flower Hardener.
l'MXTs Foil Tim Window. Tho selec
tion of plants for winter window vases
Tallow ah Attain: poiiGapim. Ono day
I noticed a Hook of eleven pure bred Crovo-
cinur oiiiOKoiis very hid Willi what is call
ed 'gapes." I remarked to tho man who
had them in charge that ho would not
havo many chickens out of that lot. "Oh!
never mind," Haiti ho, " have got a cum
for them from a neighboring woiimn,
which is u common half-penny tallow cau
dle melted and mixed into about a quart
of oat-meal Htirabout." Tho remedy was
resorted to and the Crovoeuiiirs huvoovorv
ono recovered and grown into llnely de
veloped chickens. I have Hinco tried this
cure, with invariable success, on lirahmas,
Dorkings, .Vc Cur. htndon Field.
TrE SrjEEf pOLD.
An agricultural writer furnishes the fol
lowing conundrums for farmers to con
sider: FaruiH and farm hands, with the
present prices, aro poor property, and
return it Hiuall interest; but, remembering
Cortland, Chicago, and llostou, ami
remembering that there is not a town ot
10,000 inhabitants that may not bo ttuupt
out of existence in a night, and remem
bering there is no absolute and everlasting
investment but in tho soil, is not three
per cent, in perpetuity better than six or
oven ten per cent, in tho unstable commo
dities of brick and mortar, bonds and
mortgages, insurance policies, and war
ranty deeds, w liieli warrant nothing at all ?
Feeding Fowls.
If men nro dispose! to labor, i truo depends essoniiaiiy upon wiiic i side is to
soiirco of rovonuo will rosult from intelli- uo"' ,0"ii v,ow- if onieiiy irom tlio
gont mountain cultivation. To illustrato ""'l"'"' J',rK I0 '"'1 BO colors show
our proposition, lot us inquire what can lst, such as bulbs, or well grown foliago
bo produced Hay on ton acres of mountain I'll,,!tH' "s '"-'gomas, etc., kept under glass
land. Potatoes being of primo necensitv ""iidcs. to prnsorvo ho liocossury air moist-
and never a drug in tho market, wo wiil ro. with tho warmth which thoy rcqnlre.
inquire what the labor of ono man may bo J"'.1.''."10 Vl,8 Ih enoliielly from tho
mado to produco in that article ulono. '",.,',?' tho so is y .''''I"0"',-, ,Col,ors
In tho llrst placo tho laud will cost him v" not '"', woll against tho light, but
w.ii.i'twr. i.iu iu-i. I..I...H .iii !..,.. it ..r nontnossofoutlino and Kracoful wanton-
derbrush, and fence it with brush fence, 0s "',7" "ill show with great elegance,
which will answer all purposes tho first PO"'"' " S' nst tho sky with only
Heanon. His outlay would bo: ho panes of glass intcrvoning. Tho pret-
.jr niin ui ttiu uuiiQuiiiu tjr yi.murm ryin
Maria), or the rimrlotv siuilax. (mursi-
.I I'hvlluui), or tho lino tufts of Oypsopliila
-" and some Saxifrages, Sedums, Oaliu
The Cracking ot Fruit by Rain.
Almost every one, says an exchange, has no
ticed that juicy fruits such as plums, peaches,
grapes, tomatoes, etc., will bo cracked by a
rain. Tho phenomenon has been of painfully
frequent occurrence tho past season, and the
losses to some growers have on this account
been heavy. Tho cracking has been explain-
id in various ways, bntwo think It is properly
attributed by Boukingault to osmose. If a blad
der filled with syrup be immersed iu a vessel of
water, tho water will alter a whllo become
sweet; the syrup passes through tho mernbrano
of tbo bladder into tho water, and correspond
ingly tho water passes into tho interior of tho
bladder. Hut this interchange is not an equal
ono; tho lighter liquid, tbo water, passes in
many times more rapidly than the heavier
liquid, tho syrup, passes out. Tho conse
quenco will bo that the bladder will bo distend
ed to its utmost, and at length burst, Thl-t is a
general law, that where two liquids of unequal
densities aro separated by a membrane, whither
uulinal or vegetable, they will interchange, the
weaker liquid passing nioro rapidly than tho
i1pui r one, and this will bo kept up until the
liquid upon uoiu snios oi tno memurano U of
the same density. A ripo tomato or plum may
lie considered in tho condition of tho bladder of
syrup. Tho rich juices of tho fruit correspond
tothusyiup, and tho thin membrane which
forms tho skin of tho fruit represents tho blad
der. When tho ripo fruit is kept constantly
wet with water by a ralu, osmose takes place,
and the water passing through into tho fruit
distends tho Ma, which not being very strong
Is soou ruptured. If the fruit were to bo sur
rounded by a liquid denser than its juices, it
would, Instead of expanding and breaking,
shrink, and tho skin become shriveled. When
Btrawbnrrics or currants aro sprinkled with
sucar, a syrup is soon formed by somo of tho
Juico uf the fruit, and this being considerably
ueuser iiinu ino juices oi mo uerrios tuoy arc
soon flabby and shriveled.
Ilreaking up ton ncros () $(! g 00
700 lb seed por aero Ill)
flowing alter planting. . . .
Water lor irrigation
,,,, I ami somo naxurages, sedums, Ualiums,
-" i ami other Alpine plants nnd grasses aro
Ollllm- lli.fnrn rll l.lnll.rrw -3'lin b'"-u"""' u,ul J ,"i '" IO UUSlUUlOll
ui la ioioro crop inaturos.... ...s,,0 movomont8 of (l joyols cUill, ami color
-nun i'iiiuiiii iiiiiiiirjr u men who navo win not no wanting. Iteavos thin enough
had expenenco in the cultivation of po- to show their tints transparently bIiow
tatoes in the mountains above ns wo aro them against tho sky to great advantage,
assured eight tons to tho aero can bo rea- .Most of thoso plants onduro dry nir vory
sonably calculated upon with fair labor well. Country Gentleman.
and necessary irrigation. Taking this as . .
correct, ten acres would yiold HO tons. Oviu-op irmiKi-l'r avt u,i.v.
Mountain potatoes have never sold in our J Tdves her idan at caTinJ f, ,!.Z'
market for less than W0 ,r ton, and $$& ow? "l 1 vol 000
most generally a t fcl.O; and wo would bo ' , ,llllt ,vi..,or kl).lt llftv ," 'T ?, Z,?
Mutton Sheep.
Where them is a family, and oonsr quent
coiiHiimption, them urn many auxiliaries,
Mich as bread crumbs, groats that have
been used for gruel, eto. Hut it must be
borne in mind that these am in tho place
of other food, and not in addition to it.
When this can been had, other food should
bo diminished. I am not an advocate for
cooked vegetables, except potatoes. Moil
ed cabbage is worse than nothing. In fact
it must bo borne in mind that corn, either
wholo or cracked, is the staple food, und
tho others aro helps. Do not givo fowls
meat, but uhwiys have tho bones thrown
to them after dinner; they enjoy picking
them und perform the operation perfectly.
Do not feed on raw meat; it makes fowl
quarrelsome, and gives them a propensity
to pick each other especially in moulting
time, if the itceiutomed meat be withheld,
flu ml reds have purchased birds, above
mi wocum uiitmis, 011 account of their
great weight, which being tho result of
mottt feiHhug, has proved u real disease,
iucupacituiiug them for breeding. Where
proper food is provided, all is not accom
plishod; it must l properly given.
No plan is oextrvgnt or so injurious
iw to throw dowti heaps ouco or twico
day. Thoy should have it scattered aa far
and wido m poasiblo, that tho bird may
The taste for mutton is grow ing among
American consumers of meat. Farmers,
too, aro learning that 11 fat sheep is a very
convenient source of meat during the
Mimincr pcaxou instead of tho hitherto
inevitable salt pork or bacon. Hesidcs,
spring lamb with green peasaud asparagus
mal.es a dish for tho farmer's table equal
iu delicacy to the roast pig of Charles
Lamb's Chinaman. Hut yet, withull this,
our fat hheep ami spring lambs am not
successes. Occasionally we raise a few
that am passable; but the market reports
show that tho Canadians beat us in the
quality of tho nheep they send to market.
The best mutton and the heaviest lambs
come to us thence. Why this is thus, is
worth investigation by those who mako a
business of keeping tlocks. On tho face
of it them are two good reasons for this
state of things, first, the Canadians raise
wholly mutton sheep, grade LincoliiH,
leicesters and Cotuwolds. These aro there
specialty. Second, they raise roots. This
is the key to their position. Without roots
they could not raise that class of sheop.
Kvery Canadian farm has its Held of roots
as wo havo our of corn. We keep a class
of sheep productive wholly of wool.
N holly is used advisedly, because the
tlesh of the merino and grade merinos is
not worth calliiiK mutton. From 1 hem ..
raise small but very fat lambs which are
marketable early; but their carlincss and
fatness are their only conspicuous quali
ties. Wo feed these sheop on hay and
corn; a sort of food which fattens them.
but causes u disordered condition of bodv
which shows itself very often by cutane
ous affections and premature shedding of
tho wool. "So bad begins, but worsu
.......,.,.. i..,l.;...i r... ti... 1. .-.
ivi.iniwn ki-.hii.i, mi mi. iruiiriimi i-are-lessucss
and poor business tact of farmers
leads them to permit their ewes intended
for market to run with the rest of tho (lock
ami become with lamb. This is nn miliar-1
uoimiuu error aim lends 10 disgust a mut
ton enter with the name of "native sheep."
11 our lariuers would raise mutton that
deserves tho iiumo all this should bo
changed. They must raise roots as well
as corn. Tho corn stubble should bo pre
pared for a root crop by a fall plowing,
or at least a double plowing early iu
spring, au abundant muuuiiug, ami the
crop when sown must bo well cultivated.
Directly aud indirectly it leads to protlt;
and with roots to feed with, and the blood
of tho heavier sheep mingled with our na
tive tlocks, in a short timo wo could produce
equally good mutton with our neighbors
across the lake. Thou the sheop intended
for market should be kept in a tlook by
themaelvea and uok be iwrmittod acevtm to
tho ram. -V, 1. IViSun.
sate 111 savini; all that could lie iimiinee.l
would bring two cents per pouml, m9l6 tZlMotlZ
per ton. Now as to the result, if wo am 81lmo kiml )f tri, ,mollt " 1 in tho H,,r ins
l,orrpc.t.. J? ,r "Pinion, Mtons.it 10 per ,II1V nh.niH ,,.ora ' Vv .f, 5
healthv
leaves n narK green color. Many como to
1110 for slips in preference to tho greon
houses. Kvery two weeks nil tho winter
I would tako a handful of tobacco stems
and steep them by pouring boiling water
over them until it looked liko strum? ton
then, when tho tea cooled enough to bear
llltl num. 1 lmnreif it r....... tl,. .l. ...!..
This sum deducted from tho sales of tho Sometimes tho leaves would wilt for a fow
and then straighten out and havo
iresii tool; they havo 111 sum-
ulmt.-s... 'Pirn., T .., .1.1 ... 1.
m.i 1 . . . .. - --""- &tii-u x ...iiiiu .it-UK
1 the productiveness of mountain soil, en tin ten n llltl,, .,,nr. .,...1 t i. ... 1
when aided by a fair supply of water, in tho pots, and I havo no red spider or
might deem the above result to bo ureatlv cieen nV "
overdrawn, yet from careful inquiry anil
our knowledge of tho productive capacity Tii.unixo Petunias. A writer in tho
of niountiin lands, aided by water ami London Cml,, ti,,,t n -.,., .-
aero. g."iHi.
Cost of production in tho beginning. $250
Hired help iu getting in crop and
sacking 100
Conveying to market, at 85 por ton. . 100
Total cost, exclusive of tho labor of
cultivator $7Ji0
MM.:.. V..1..-1...1 1- .1.- , ..
mi mini iiemii-ii-ii iruiii mo Bines 01 tno rioinetimes t
crop would leave n margin to the producer, moments am
for about six months' labor, tho sum of that bright f
82, Ifid. Those who aro not conversant mor after a 1
well bestow
have ov
be under favorable culture.
Save Your Own Seed.
-...... .....,, , , ,. mil iiiniK wo oumiiien ny tins method of training petti-
rerestimated what tho yield would nias. Ho procures n, number of harel
rods, each about two feet long, bends them
liko hoops, and drives both onds into tho
bed, placing them at suitable intervals all
, , . ovt On theso ho tics and truins his
hvcry gardener has experienced the s.11110 petunias, which blossom moronbundantlv
trouble with needs put up for sale. That than usual under this treatment. Petu-
there nro honest dealers in garden Feeds nias havo been successfully treated ns if
is bevond dispute, but so great is the do- sweet pea vines, aud trained on a slanting
inand upon them that it is almost impossi- trellis. Tho trailing habit of this plant,
bio for them to supply the homo demand, especially Into in tho season, is not nlwnys
lhoony way to avoid the disappointment sulllciently considered,
occasioned by 11 failure of seeds to ccrmin. .
Uumond hw. At the American Institute
fair a diamond saw is at work in tho machin
ery department, lu tho form of a neatly built
iron model, ouo-fUth the size of tho more cum-
The blade, it will be
ate is to save your own supply. Save nnlv
thoso from perfect not overgrown frui't
or plants of the llnest tlavor.
After tho seeds are carefully dried. mVli
over such of them, like com. souash. im.1.
Oils. CUCUIubers. pumpkins, beans. n...w brmi wnn.lon niinrniia
and the like, and select those that am tho remembered, cuts through the stoue by ruems
most Hrfect and plump. 0 knew a far- of carbons or black illsmondswhich are securly
mor who, in the winter evenings, had his set slong Its edge. There U au ingeuious feed
boys sort over every kernel of corn he put u0,i0 'r moving the saw, and another device
iu tho ground, choosing only tho most to "" ,he hdter, consisting ot an exceutrio ou
perfect from tho middle of tho ear ...! the crank pin commuuiesting with a kuuckle
alwavs to his own advantage, as his erons1 ' . l. , , w' Z?. ,Uttt " u "d'owed to cut
proved. As many seeds, like onions y iu ilrrtWinB. Iho mll iuachitieexhll.itil.
Lrsnips. carrots, Isify, ;eteK, wi ot eTfZ, in S, arb.e TX
tf.T-V.'l.fr! ," W?.,3!ff" " P hour. A novelty t,uthi.1u::Dtmn,,i;:
, .? V " ""',UK ."r apimcauon 10 me cutting ol wimlow modlucs.
sihh! with tho name aud year of growth. Uevels are made by suitably turning tho stoue
riaeo them iu a dry, cool place, where "d romided edges bv gradually moviug the 1st'
neither rnts or mice will break throm-li ' under the saw. Tbo work iiiii.it.i ,n ...
and steal them. (Mm hhrmer. was very smoothly cut, and ennfclallv noticea.
'" 'or its clean and sharp augles. The appa-
I'uvst 0tkx. A goixl rule to insure ru,"J-'he inventor thinks, does the labor, in
success 111 getting a good stand of tender mo"1,linv of from twelve to fourteen stone-cut-
emps is to plant often. Tako, for exam- le", """''A' .IiwHoun.
pie, melons, squashes, cucumbers, Lima "
beans, and such other products as mav bo As mination of the amount of caseous
u-airnmu m sian early, and Which oftmi COtntltlleuU in unmlu n .!. ..
,-..- vs Hk,.i ri niiirr uih
For Canning Fruit.
I uso mostly glass cans, says A. R. Itogcrs,.
knowing they aro cheapest and best; cheapest
because the cost at first is but littlo moro than
for tin ones, and thoy can bo used for a suc
cession of yours just as good ns tho first, whilo
tiu cans can bo UBcd with safety but one year.
Tho glass cans aro better, becauso wo can see
oviry day just how tho fruit is keeping; nnd
If any show signs of not keeping good, wo can
uso them first. Wo often hear people say it
tho top of tho fruit In tho can moulds, and
forms a thick, solid coating over tho fruit,
the fruit will not ferment or work, as it is of
ten called, bat tho flavor of tho fruit is injured
very much. Two years ago I read In tho
Ilural Ario 1'orA-rr how to can peaches in cold
water. I thought it would bo a very ulco way
if the poaches would keep good; but being a
little tearful. I oulv filled ono can that wav.
and did it exactly ns directed. My peaches
mti 1101 go up; mey looxeu an rignt; nut when
I opened the can, tho juico or water was as
thick as jelly aud tasted very bad. Tho rest ot
my fruit kept good, aud I thiuk it a bettor way
to cook tho fruit just enough to heat it boiling
hot nil through; put iu the cans whilo hot, nnd
seal. We think fruit of all kinds retains its
untural tlavor better without mldiug sugar till
ready for tho table.
Kkki'Imi Api-lgs. A correspondent of the
Cultivator states that he kept 1,200 bushels of
apples, mostly Baldwins, through tho past win
ter aud spring iu his cellar. Ho claims that by
his modo apples may bo kept tho year round,
without losing their juicinos or crinpness. His
theory is that tho early rotting nnd decay ot
apples Is due, to a great oxtcut to a vegctublo
intasinn in tho nir, which is communicated to
it by vegetable evaporation under certain con
ditions. Tho effect of this iniasiim Ih llrst aeen
inn minute sptck; sometimes as many as a doz
en may bo counted ou the same, apple. His
remedy 'Is a daily airing of tho cellar or placo
where tho apples aro stored, arranging so as to
iiavo n crisis circulation, uutll nil the staguaut
air is expelled, and its placo occupied by pure,
healthy air. His success proves that his views
aro at leai-t worthy of consideration. A farmer
iu tho eastern part of Connecticut, last fall,
packed somo apples in plaster, filling up all
tho interstices with this material. Opening
tho barrels on tho Uth of Jnne, ho found the
fruit lu 11 wonderful state of preservation.
Tin re was not an eighth as many decayed ones
as in barrels put up In the ordinary way,
while tho fruit was almost as fresh as when
gathered.
Cauk or Scions. A writer who is n grafter
by profession, says tho most succe8fnl meth
od lie has found to keep scions iu a fresh,
healthy state is, to layer them down iu good,
clean sawdust, slightly damp. Ho says they
do far better than placing the ends lu the earth
or lay ei ing iu the sand.
Tine Tktofssi. Tho early bearing habit,
hardiuess. early ripenlug, beauty aud fair
quality of the fruit, are thought sulllcient to
reuder the Tvtofukl worthy of being moro ex
tenxively planted than iu time past.
ruTo.Yhoe
mm would bo certain 11! '": f0'1 ,hat " tur' "'i bottom water
oarlv: make hLLi ?, HfWn-"'.?, J?""'n" "? ud less oxygen in
r. - - ) 141110. DiiL-iiiir iup lutirti Anntnarn than 1.. i.
crown no. to insurw .lrvn.... .Vi a",i. la. 1 " Vi'T '"',""". '" 'H0 f? nor nern
,, "v. -.-.,....,. ,ull (jm u..r, iuc rmiuinaiious IUUS made emhrnp.
warmth, lhen plant early in tho season, lS J?mples take from localities exletdlug from
and one wek later put down a few more ,b Faro' Wanda to Lisbon. Contrary to the
u.i..ila tt tl.d lull ta.!.l. .t. a. . . n.n.Ml ..-:.! i .. w .u
-v. . ... u.,1, ,lu uo uiutau Ana tin
Kr; e jaier repeat
humb and tin- RrD'r1 supposition, howeTer, there is found to
t)i. ..1.,, t.-n ' no crrater nuantitr of JiunKl ...,...
and. if tho season be particularly cold and n;,,,,,fnU in, bottom than in the surf 0
backward, and the first planting do not rLllZ: ongh U J dml"sl
apjHar, a fourth mav be neceaaary ESn !l . ' ,r"ufr at B dep'h. to re-
" wsary. uin gasea is aolntion if.onc evoWed there.
WntTiNo Macuines. After oil, wo aro in
clined to tMnk that the real solution of this
prollem cf rapid and easy writing will be
uiechauical rather than alphabetic. It is the
pen that is inadequate to the work that needs to
bo done. As an instrument the pen maybe
perfect of its kind, as the comtnou sewing
needle is perfect. Neither pen nor needle is
likely to be ever done away with wholly; yet
both fail alone to meet the increasing demands
of our qulck-moving civilization. Tho sew
ing.iuachice has come in In iln t)i o bulk
of our slitchlng. We must have a machine to
do the same for our writing. The letters roust
he struck with a metal tvrwi intn,l nf l.otnir
traced by baud; and the writer's part must
be confiued wholly, or chiefly, to the touching
of appropriate keys. With such a machine
the distinctness of the writing will no loDger
he at the mercy ot unsteady or undisciplined
nerves and muscles; the characters may be as
cim,l, x anJ "'snificant as thoe of Hell's
l isio.e inrcA, or even the Chinese, without
increasing in the least the labor of writing,
and the "copy" will correspond exactly with
lUlnt. The decree of sni--pa lra.lr sttAinrd bv
. 1 .- " . .:. . .-
"'' lareniors 01 writing-macmnes gives
every assurance that the manual labor of liter
ary workmen is certain to be greatly dimin
ished. May we hope that the quality of their
work will be correspondingly improved. Ex.
Mils for bntter-making should be handled
gently, and put at rest as soon as possible. A
reduction of temperature is desirable as soon as
the milk is drawn; this should be effected with
the least amount of alirrlno. The more it is
stirred the leas will be the yield of cream.
When set it should be protected from even the
least jar.
(161
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