Willamette farmer., October 11, 1873, Page 2, Image 2

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UsEfJL IfrffORfAJION.
What to Do in Case of Accident.
Piiof. Wildkii, of Cornoll University,
gives tho following ahort rules for action
in canes of accident, which it will be
found useful to prcsorvo or remember :
For tlust in tho eyes, uvoid rubbing;
dash wnter into them ; removo cinders,
etc., with thu round point of n lead poncll.
Itomovo water from tho ear by tepid
water ; never put a hard instrument into
tho car.
If any artery is cut, compresi abovo tho
wound ; if a vein is out, compress balow.
If choked, get upon all fours und cough.
For slight burns, dip thu part in cold
water; if tho skin is destroyed, cover
with vurnish.
Hmothur n II ro with carpets, etc.; wator
will often spread burning oil, and increase
danger. Before passing through smoke,
tako u full breath and then stoop low ; but
if carbonic acid gas is suspected, walk
croct.
Suck poisoned wounds, unless your
mouth is soro; enlarge tho wound, or,
bolter cut out tho part without delay;
hold tho wounded part lis long at can lie
homo to a coal or end of n cigar.
Iti ease- of poisoning, excito vomiting by
tickling tho throat or by warm water mid
mustard.
If in water, float on tho back, with the
nose and mouth projecting.
For apoplexy, raise tho head und body;
for fainting, lay thu person Hat.
Wahiiinh Compound. The use of soda
for washing linen is very injurious to thu
tissue and imparts to it a yellow cidor. In
Germany and Jlulgium the following mix
ture is now oxtensivoly and beneficially
used: Two pounds of soap aro dissolved
in about llvu gallons of water as hot as the
hand can bear it ; then uuxt is added to this
11 u id three largo-sized tablu-spoonfuls of
liquid ammonia and ouo spoonful of bust
oil of turpentine. Theso fluids aro incor
porated rapidly by means of beating them
together with a small birch broom. The
linen is then snaked in this liquid for three
hours, earn being taken to cover tho wash
ing'tub by a closely fitting wooden cover.
Ity this menus the linen is thoroughly
cleaned, saving much rubbing, time and
fuel. Ammonia does not ull'oot tho linen
or woolen goods, and is largely used as a
liquor in tlio North of Hnglund. Jliirnl
JVeic- Vorher.
UriM.iNii I'i.ni: Iji:vi:h. I'inn leaves
urn largely utilized in l!tliopt. They me
converted into a kind of wool or wadding,
which in used for upholstery instead of
hair. A Kind of limine is also mado from
this liber, which is said to bo ory supii'
rior for nianv hygienic uses, as for rheu
matism and sitin'diseiises. Vests, drawers,
loose shirts, etc., are also Hindu. In the
process of manufacture an etherial oil is
also obtained, cry useful as a solvent,
and as u curative agent, (ias is also made
from the refuse and used for lighting the
maniifactoiies; or the entire l of use may
lie pressed into the form of bricks, when
it becomes a most excellent substitute for
coal.
An I.niiki.iiim: ltn Ink. Dr. l'.lsner
Mates that an indelible red ink can be pie
pared as follows: Kqmil parts, by weight,
of copperas and cinnabar, both in Hue
powder and sifted, am rubbed up with
linseed oil with a muller, and dually
miuoo.od through cloth. The thick paste
can be employed for writing, or stamping
woolen or cotton goods, and the color re
mains fast after the goods have been
bleached. Tho reds usually employed are
not fast cidors, and do not icsist the action
of bleaching agents,
A (loon Okmknt. - A very adhesive on
inout, and one particularly useful for
fastening tho brass mountings on glass
lamps, as it is uituffoelod bv petroleum,
inav bo prepared by boiling three parts of
rosin with ono part of caustic soda, and
live parts of water, thus making a kind of
soap, which is mixed with one-half its
weight of phihter of l'aiis. 'Ana white,
whito lead, or precipitated chalk may Isi
used instead of the plaster, but when they
aro used the cement will bo longer in
hardening. --Am. Allium.
Tin: Iciisch of spectacles or spyglasses
that have become scratched or dimmed by
ago may bo cleaned with liydiolluniio
acid, diluted with four or live times its
volume of wator. The solution should be
dropped on a wad of cotton, and thoi
oughly rubbed on tho glass, whigh should
afterward bo well washed in clear water.
(Irout i'ir must bo exercised in handling
this acid, as it cats quickly into the ilesh,
often producing painful and obstinate
oros.
Scent Vowdkii. A charming recipe for
scent powder, to bo used for wardrobes,
boxes, iito., far tluer than any mixture
sold at tho shops, is the following fori
under, orris root, rose leaves and aromatic
calamus, each one ounce; lavender lien
ors two ounces; rhodium wood, one
fourth of a drachm; musk, live grains.
Theso are to be mixed and reduced to a
coarse powder. This scent on clothes is
us if ull fragrant tlowors had boon pressed
in tliolr folds.
V floon DiMsraTAM'. Dissolve a
bushel of salt in a barrel of water, and
with tho salt water slack u barrel of lime.
which should bo w't enough to form a
kind of paste, For thu purpose of a dis
infectant, this lioino-iiiodo chloride of
liuio is nearly as good as that liurohusod
at tho Hhops and drug stores. Use it free
ly about sinVs, cellars, gutter and out
houses, und in this way pro cut sickness,
sutlering J""1 MI""IM t
. riiiAViNii Hoit ltriuiKii wuu a I'ilu,
President Morton, of tho Stevens Institute,
states that ho Hud the ordinary thick
shoot rubber, used in making up lantern
tanks, und for many similar purposes,
inav bo readily dressed into an exact shape
xvitii u Mo, if only it is supported by being
clamped between plates of wood or motu
in tho vice. Tho lllo is used dry, and in all
respects us in working on wood or metal.
10
Qood HeAlTH
Eating When Exhausted.
When tho strength or norvo power is
already worn out or used up, the digestion
of food only makes a fresh demand upon
it, and if it bo tinablo to meat tho demand,
tho food is only a burden upon it, produc
ing mischief. Our bodies novo beon com
pared to steam engines, tho food boing tho
fuel and tho steam produced tho norvo
power. Tho analogy holds good to a cor- (
tain extent. If. when tho stoam is low,
becauso tho flro is low, you pilo in to fast, a
quuntity of coal, you put out your fire,
and if you havo depended upon steam
power to fan your tires, that is also ex
tinguished. Beyond this tho comparison
fails. You may clean out your furnaces
and begin again; but in tho body tho con
sequences of this overloading aro dangerous
nnd sometimes fatal. Xo causo of cholera
is more common than eating freely when
exhausted. Tho rulo should bo to rest
for a time, and tako somo simple refresh
ment, a cup or a pnit of a cup of tea, a
little broth, or oven a picco of bread, or
anything simple and in small amount,' just
to stimulate tho stomach slightly and bo
gin to restore its power. After rost, a
moderate quantity will bo refreshing.
Never eat a full meal when you aro ex
hausted. Tako llrst u quantity of any
thing single which may be handy, and rest.
Then after a time, propor food will bo a
blessing, not a burden. Tho Hi us will
burn, tho steam will be up, and you can
go on your way safely. It is no amiss, in
this connection, to say thatchildieii would
avoid many a feverish night mid mativ an '
attack of disease, if mothers would follow
this rulo. Ex.
Amis to Dioi:mtio.v. Dr. Marcet writes,
reports tho fowcrl, in a pamphlet just issu
ed from tho press ("On a Now l'rocossfor
Preparing Meat for Weak Stomachs,"
London: Churchill, 1807). "I havo oftan
thought that, if there were n means of
preparing meat, so us to enable its rosy
digestion by weak stomachs, a great boon
might bo eonforred on a very largo class
of sufferers; and it has occurcd to mu that
by submitting cooked meat to somo pro
cess similar to thnl which it undergoes in
tho stomach, food thus piepaied would
rciiuiro but very little cllbrt of the stomach
to complete its digestion, and thus the
body could bo elllcicutly nourished, not
w ithstauding a debilitated condition of the
digestive organs," llydiochloiio acid anil
pepsino being the principal natural agents
for tho digestion of meat ill the stomach,
ho has thought that theso substances
might bo applied to digest cooked meat in
somo degree previously to its being eaten,
and that by giving the stomach animal
food thus softened and dissolved, sullcrers
from disease of nutrition, causing wasting
and emaciation, and who can take but lit
tle food, which they have much trouble in
digesting, and others miserably tormented
with dyspepsia, whose iriitiiblo stomachs
cannot digest animal food, let it bo eer
so carefully cooked, might bo enabled to
tako a little meat, ami digest it well, the
stomach being sacd a certain amount of
work. Tho food obtained by tho process
is a tin itl "holding in suspension u light
pulpy substance, most of which, when the
liquid is allowed to remain undisturbed in
a glass, is seen to fall to tho bottom; it is,
in a great measure, to this substance that
its nutritious pioportics are due; but the
pulpy mass is so minutely divided and so
soft, as to bo swallowed unporcoivcd." It
is a erv palatable food, and is said to bo
necoptulilo to invalids.
How Lomi Sham. Wi: Smt.p? Tho
fact is, that as life becomes concentrated,
and its pursuits more eager, short sleep
and early rising becomes impossible. Wo
tako more sleep than our ancestors, and
wo take more lieeuuso wo want more. Six
bonis' sleep will do very well for a plow
man or biiehlayor, or any other man who
has no exhaustion but that produced bv
manual labor, and the sooner he takes it
after his labor is oxer tho better. Hut for
a man whose label is mental, tho stress of
the woik is on the brain and nervous syrt
tem, and for him who is tired in tho eve
ning with a day of mental application,
neither early to bed or c.iily to rise is
wholesome. ' He needs letting down to the
loel of icposo. The longer the interval
between the active use of the brain and
his ictirenient to bed, the better hlsoluineo
of sleep and icfrcshmeut To him an
hour after midnight is piob.ibly as good
as two hours before it, and even then his
sleep will not so completely and quickly
restoie him as it will hts neighbor who is
phsically tncd. lie must not only go to
bed later," but ho longer. His best sleep
piob.ibly lies in the cailier morning houis,
when all the nervous excitement has pass
ed away, and he is in absolute rost.--CirtstMit
-hriKiic.
Tm: l'liu.osoi'iiv. or 1m. llr-uiu. Sick
ness is very lorgelv the want of will, l.xery
thing is brain. There is thought and
feeling, not only, but w ill: and w ill includes
in it far more 'than mental philosophers
tliiuk. It acts universally, nun as upon
mind, and then just as much upon the
body. It is another name for life, force.
Meii in whom this life or will power is
great ; ivsist disease, and combat it w hen
attacked. To array a man's mind mid will
against his sickness is the supremo art of
medicine. Inspire in men courage and
purpose, and the mind-power will cast out
disease. "Nothing ails her. It is only
imagination," Mid tho nurse to him one
day, "Only" the imagination? That is
enough, Hetter suffer in bono and muscle
than in tho imagination If the body is
sick, tho mind can cure it; but if the
mind itself is sick, what can euro it?
AencxW.
Qtiu lliwh-t.- T.ittl.i Itl u'k kittvkii are occa
sionally observed on thu nose and forehead id
some Individuals. These specks, when they
exit iu any uutnbcr, are a cause of much un
sightliness! They are minute corks, t( we may
titu) tin) teuii, oi coagulated lymph, which elee
the orifices of come of the pores or cxhalcut
vctl of the sklu. Ou the skin immediately
"WILLAMETTE FARMER.
adjacent to them being pressed with the finder
nails, these bits of coagulated lymph will come
from it in s vermicular form. They are vul-1
early culled "flesh-worms," many persons fan-1
eying them to bo living creatures. These may I
be got rid of, and prevented from returning by j
washing with tepid water, or proper friction I
with a towel, ana by tho application of a little
cold cream. The longer theso little piles nre
permitted to remain in tho skin, the mora t
llrmly they become tiled. '
What We Need. Dr. Hamilton, of
Buffalo, very plainly and tersely remarks:
Wo uoed for our dwollings nioro vontila- j
tiou and less boat; xvo need moro outdoor '
exercise, moro sunlight, moro manly,
athletio and rudo sports; wo coed moro
amusemants, moro holidays, moro frolio
and noisy boisterous mirth. Our infants
need better nourishment than colorless
mothers can over furnish, purer milk than
our distilleries can manufaoturo; our chil
dren need moro romping nnd less study.
Our old rnon need moro quiet nnd earlior
lelaxutiou from tho labor of lifo. Men,
both young and old, need less medicitio
and moro good counsel. Our cities need
cleansing, paving and draining. Tho
Asiatic cholera, tho yellow fover, tho
plague, nnd many othor fearful epidemics,
are called the approbiu of our ngo, and
nor fellow citizens uobraid us with feoblo-
ness and inelllcioncy of our rosourcos.
When will they learn that, although wo do
not fail to cure theso maladies, tho moro
precious secret of prevention is iu cur
possession and has been for those many
years.
Domestic EcofJofdy.
Squiiiiiel Stews. Half n dozen of theso
marauders make a nice dish to sot before
as many grown-up peoplo who relish fresh
meat for dinner. Ho lives 11)1011 tho best
of food, and lives a free, active lifo, bu
its very activity gives its muscle a tendency
to toughness. This can bo overcome by
sulllciunt boiling. Thus, in tho first place,
it must bo carefully skinned nnd dressed
while yet warm. If tho entrails aro loft
iu tho animal until the body is cold thoy
will injure tho flavor of tho meat moro or
loss, l'ut them in cold wator onough to
cover them, and skim tho pot carefully
when it comes to boiling (this always iu
boiling or stowing meat or making a sou)) .
Two hours gentlo boiling is not too much
for young squirrels, and thrco hours for
old ones. Jvovor season them until they
are done tender, and then you will add
salt and cream, or a bit of yellow butter,
nccoidiiig to your jiidgme'nt. A little
thickening (a tablespoonful of llour stiried
smooth in half a cup of milk or water)
stirred in whilo the pot is boiling will
mako a nice gravy, Pour tho vv'iolo over
slices of bread or split gems. Tho strong
Havor of squirrels comes from fat. Cut
this all nwoy carefully beforo cooking.
Sai.jion t'rrLUTs with Caper. Sujci:.
Take a slice of salmon two inches thick,
carefully remove the bones and skin, cut
it into slices half an inch thick, nnd Huttcu
each on the choppiug-board with n outlet
bat dipped in water. From these slices
cut as many cutlets of a uniform shape as
von can. i'laco them quite tlat on u well
iitittcrcd baking tin, sprinkle pepper and
salt over them, und, ten minutes beforo
thoy are wanted, put them into the oven
with n sheet of buttered white paper over
them. I'ut all tho trimmings of tho sal
mon into n saucepan with carrots, onions,
thyme, parsley, n bay leaf, a few cloves,
somo whole popper, salt to taste, and a
little moro than a pint of good stock.
Leave this to boil gently till reduced one
half, then strain the liquor inton basin,
and removo nny fat tlinio may be. Melt a
piece of butter the sie of n walnut, add
to it 11 teiisooonful of llour, and stir it 011
the tire till it is well colored. Add the
liquor to this, and continue stirring until
thu sauce boils, then add a heaped tea
spoonful of capers; pour the same over the
cutlets, and servo.
How to Bleach Cotton Ci.oth. It may
sometimes become necessary or convenient
to blench a picco of cotton cloth, although
as a general thing it is better to obtain
white clothes already bleached. Homo
bleaching, moreover, is apt to injure the
fabriciuorotl.au the process in usoattho
factories, especially when manipulated, us
it always is there, by skilled hands. How
ov er, cloth may bo bleached us follow s:
To Hvo pounds of cloth tako tvvelvo
ounces of chloride of lime. Dissolve the
lime iu n small quantity of boiling water;
when cold, strain it into nsulllcieut quan
tity of water to cover tho cloth. This
must be boiled lift ecu minutes iu strong
soapsuds, and rinsed well in clour water.
Then put it in the lime-water from ten to
twenty minutes, airing it well by lifting
up and down, lliuso thoroughly in warm
or cold water.
OuvMiE Piuhhmi. Tako four fair-sized
oranges, peel, seed, and cut in small pieces.
Add one cup of sugar and let it brand. In
to one cup of nearly boiling milk, stir two
tablcspooufuls of corn starch, mix with a
little water and tho yolks of thrco eggs.
When done, let it cool and mix with the
orange. Make a frosting of the whites of
the eggs and half a cup of sugar. Spread
over tho top of the pudding, and put it in
to tho oven for n few moments to brown.
1'aiisnip Stew. Faro and slice together,
iu the proportion of one large parsnip to
throe or four medium sized potatoes. Cook
thirty or forty minutes in a small quautity
of water, so that w lieu x on have put iu a
little Hour thickening it will bo nearly as
dry us hash; though some might prefer it
more moist. A little cream improves it.
With 110 other addition than a little salt,
this forms u delicious food.
A Goon Ilmi'E ron Yeast. Tako thrco
largo potatoes, grato them, pour ou thorn
one quart of boiling water, add to them
ono quart of water in which a small baud
ful of hops has been boiled ; half a cup of
sugar ; tho sumo of salt, ami two-thirds of
a cup of yctvst. Bread mado from this
yeast will never sour. The hop tea must
cool before being mixed with tho other
ingredients.
PrtlSCELLEoJs
A New and Valuable Grass Appli
cation of Guano.
In my recent travels I have come across gov
ral items of more than ordinary interest to the
farmers of California.
A Valuable Grass.
The first item to which I refer is a variety of
crass now being brought to the public notice
P 1.1 -CV..-I.. Vnllv Vnril. A few
years ago Sir. Fowle'r discovered that a pecu-
Har grass was lasing T.T" -?""
near Ills earn, iuiu wuiuu " , j 1 ..
turned stock. A portion of this lot had been
used as a hog yard; as a matter of course mauy
weeds, tar-wceds, dog-fennel and such varie
ties of weeds had taken posession of tho lot.
Uy dtgrees, the grass referred to crowded out
tho noxious weeds and a heavy sod covered tho
lot. A sample of the grass was Benttoalnew
York oxpert, who informed Sir. Fowler that tho
crass belonged to the Chess variety, that it was
xerv nutritious, and that It was considered a
creiit nuisance in the Atlantic States, because
It could not be killed out easily when oucu in
the ground. A full description of this grass is
found in Flint's book ou grasses. Tho objec
tion to it in tho Atlantic States has no force In
California, as one plowing of a field of this
crass iu the drv season kills it out entirely; In
fuel the very nuturo which iuhm-s u uuuu.uuo
to tho farmers in tho Eist, makes it of great
valno here. Last spring Sir. Towler sowed tho
seed of this gross upon a sixty-acre pasturo,
located ou a dry hill hack of Volley Tord, where
heretofore there has been hut very little feed.
The grass is takiug complete possession of the
lot, and Sir. Fowler believes that next year tho
pasturing capacity of that lot will bo five times
as great us it was last year. It this grass proves
to Go as good as it now seems to bo, cannot tho
mountain rauchts of California bo covered with
it, and thus quadrupled in valuo ? If ho who
tunkes two blades of grass to grow whero but ono
grew before, is a benefactor of mankind, is not
tho discoverer of such a grass as this seems to
bo also a benefactor? Another year's test
will settle tho question as to its valuo iu Cali
fornia. Guano.
Sir. Fowler, during the past two years, has
boon experimenting with guano. He discov
ered on island off tho coast of Bodega somo
years since, which was vovered with this fer
tilizer. Lat season he shipped ono hundred
tuns to San Francisco, and took a largo portion
of it to Valley Ford. Ho tried it on a Held of
potatots by putting a little ou each hill. The
-....It no i.iiimI orn.i irltllii tiilatn.iri 111 Ull
It nun nun i. jw.. vur, ..m..w .u..wi. ....
joining fitlds were marly a failure. This yior
vvneai 111 inn saiuo iieiu vviin urj m-ii.. mu
Held has bteu htuulily cropped for twenty
j cars.
Fine Farms.
In tho vicinity of Valley Ford aro several
good farimrs. John II, Hegeler has n Hue
dairy ranch two miles north of town, which in
iinitiy n speets is a model. Ueorgu lliiuu has
a seven hiindrtd acre farm two miles south
wist of Valley Ford, in Slariu county, which is
kept up in lluustjle, everything denoting thrift.
Sir. Gericke, who lives a little to the south of
Sir. lluiin, has only ouo hundred mid sixty
acres, but there is probably no farm of its size
iu the State which products so much or is so
c.irifully mauagtd. Sir. Utricko learned his
business iu Germany, win re he had charge of
11 large farm, which was worth $500 per acre.
Thu cartful management ho learned tliero has
beeu transplanted to California soil with good
effect.
An Enemy to tho Vino,
Another item, which I considered of great
interest, is just being dovelopul in the Sonoma
Valley. The Viulciillural Club of that town
has appointed a committee to exainiue the
vineyards of that valley, and they havo just
completed their work. They find that tho crop
will bo short this j ear, from the etlects of the
Irosts lust spring; probably from oue-fourth to
uue-half a crop. They also discover that the
vluejards have beeu attacked with a microsco
pic insect, which they fear is tho same that lias
plaj ed such sad havoc with tho vineyards of
France. As I return to that valley next week,
1 defer comment ou this subject until another
Utttr. L. SI. Holt.
iVrri.vioiiuViic .JYiiniJ i'r..
The Origin of Meteors and Comets.
l'roctor has recently advanced an Idea as to
the origin of comets and meteors that may
seem to be but tho revival of an old opinion,
and one supposed to havo been exploded. The
researches of Schiapirelll aud Newton and
ethers, in that they showed the meteors to be
regular uiembt rs of the solar system, seems to
have temporarily satisfied the inquiry as to the
riiuoto origiu of these bodies, 'the former
utronouier assumes them to exist generally
throughout the interstellar sp ices, aud to be
successfully draw 11 to one and theu to another
sun, whilo l'roctor reasons that these bodies
are now foimd to travel iu groups or streams,
that it is difficult to conceive how our sun
could draw a connected stream of meteors to
itself at any given epoch, and that if these
bodies vvito dejected fiom the self-luminous
stars, we may with equal plausibility suppose
similar bodies have been ejecttd from the
planets ot our own svstem when they were iu
a molten condition. Ho accordingly shows the
very modi rate degrte of force required to eject
a meteor from the surface of the outer plaints,
aud txauilues tho orbits of such periodical
comets and meteors as ore at present Known.
In acconUuce with the suugestiou of A. S.
Herschel, he deduces the interesting conclusion
that the comets expelled from Jupiter would
mostly have a direct motion, or one iu the
same direction as bis own, while those ejected
from Neptune would be us likely to have a
retrograde as a direct motion, l'roctor con
cludes that mauy c imets have sprung from
Jupiter aud Neptune, aud at least one from
I'ranits-Mho latter Iwiug the well-known No
vember meteor stream, or the I.eouldes, which
Hind has shown to be connected with Tempel's
cemtt. farptr's.
Tut: largest auvil iu the world has just beeu
cast ot Woolwich, lhigland. The plate which
is to form the bed of the monster weighs of
itself 107 tons. The surface lay face down
ward, aud when it became cool it took a nerfeet
army of sturdy smiths, with hydraulic jacks
nun i-uiuuiuuiiuu 01 me strongest tackle, a
whole day to lift the monstrous lump of solid
metal, twenty-two feet square. The auvil
block to lie mounted thereupon will weigh only
a trille short of 200 tons, and the steam-ham-mer
which will strike upon it thirty-five tons
of solid metal, beiug the English tou of 2,210
pounds. The blow at full force will lie tre
mendous. In fact, it is doubtful what will
happen to the town of Woolwich and vicinity
when the mighty piece of meehauisru gtts tb
work. Vulcan himself, and all tho giants who
.worked beneath Mount iEtna. never dreamt
of such an anvil as this; and Thor's famous
weapon was a mere tck-hammer iu compar
ison. Takiug all its metal together, it will
weigh hard upon GOO tons.
Hah. Columbia I The cotton-gin, without
which the machine-spinner and tho power-loom
would bo helpless, is American. The power,
shuttle, which permits an unlimited enlargement
of the breadth of the web, is American. The
planing machine is American, navigation by
steam Is American. The mower aud reaper
are American. The rotary printing presses are
American. Tho hot-air engine is American.
The sewing-machine is American. The machine
matiutaciuro 01 wooi jra ......... uo
whole india-rubber industry is Americau. The
hand-saw originated, we believe, in America.
The machine manufacture of horseshoes is
American. The sand-blast, of which the large
capabilities are yet to be developed, is Ameri
can. The gauge-lathe is American. Tho only
successful composing machine for printers is
American. Tho grain elovater is on American
invention. j.uu muwi "" "- .
was originally invented by Professor A. 8.
Twining, an American. Tho clcctro-mognot
an American. The teiegrapmc msiruuieui in-
...... -I 1aI.ii Ititf txlllllln Una
trouueou a iw j ", ,u 1 - ,
which has since obtained universal acceptance,
was invented by Samuel F. B. Slorse, on
American.
. n-t.. ..l.n.inA Vll1l1AOfl 111. A...
ANNEALINU. Hie tui.uBo ..uu. ..j ,.u-
uealiug Is not well understood. Most of the
T . l .....a lm.tr .It nit tint tltmnm m
malleable Uiciois nssuiuo io '"" .u.iu.
oue crystalline, which is tho result pf Blow
cooling, aud the other fibrous, which is brought
about by hammering or rolling. If hammer
ed or rolled bejoud a certain point, tho
metals becoino so hard that they cannot be
bent without breoktug. If nunoalod be
yond a certain point, tho metals become
A.tminHltin. Tims, zluo may be drawn into a
very flexlblo aud tenacious who; but if kept In
boiling water roo iuug innuuiii(ii4
lirittleuess, and displays a crystalline appear
mice when broken. The particles of tho metal
chango their arrangement without oltoring tho
external form, and this chango maybo brought
about iu various ways; thus, brass wire loses
.. . t... 1... Av....di.vA tr t.t fntnna nt A.
lis tenacity uj "ia"- " "
acid, and oven by air acting ou its surface iu a
damp atmosphere. Henco it is necessary to
preserve w ire, such as is used In tho mauufao
turo of plus, in n dry air, or under tho Burfaco
of water.
SIakiso SIistakks. Professor Joy remarks:
'"If Lieblg was hasty in exprtsslng an opinion,
ho was equally ready toretractwhen convinced
that it was erroneous. I ouco had a conversa
tion with ldiu ou this point, nnd ho spoko
of tho fear somo scientific men had of being
caught iu a mistake. He considered errors in
evitable aud inseparable from tho accomplish
nient of nny scientific work; and it was on this
occasion that ho made the oft-quotd remark,
'hhiivv me tho iu 111 who makes no uus'aKes,
and I will prove to you that ho does nothing.'
It is rosy enough for a scientific man who pub
lishes nothing, but only criticises othtrs, to
escape thu chargo of committing errors, and
for such persons f.lebig entertained n whole
some contempt. What ho desired, nbovo all
things, to know, was tho truth; aud when ho
thought ho had discovered it, ho was anxious
to give tho benefit of It to tho world."
A FiiiK-rnoor stovo for use iu passenger cars
especially, was subject to a severe test in Dos
ton, recently. Tho stove is made of wrought and
malleable iron. It is circular iu form, com
post dot three upright cyliuders aud two cold
air boxes at tho bottom. Tho fuel is placed iu
the inner cylinder. Tho cold nir nubing
through tho cold air boxes drives hot air out
ward and upward through tho cylindors, tho
rounded form giving a viry powerful radiation.
The heat escapes through 11 register in tho
back. Tho whole is strongly bound together
by strong iron bolts. Tho doors aro fastened
by patent locks. At the trial tho stove, after
the tiro in it was well under way, was thrown
from tho staging upon which it was placed, to
the ground 11 distance of six feet. It was theu
rolled about, tumbled over and over, but not a
spark of the llro was spilled upon tho shavings
which were scattered around. Whcntho stove
door was opened tho fire was burning briskly.
This ingenious apparatus was invented nnd
manufactured iu W ihuiugton, Del.
O.v'K of tho most important discoveries iu
economic geology made durlug the post year is
that of tin in Australia. Tin has been met
with heretofore in Australia, but tho rcceut
discoveries indicate far richer deposits than
any beforo knowu there. The district iu which
the metal is f ouud is along tho valley of tho
Sluclutyre ltiver, on tho high plateau of tho
Australian Alps. Tho ore occurs, as usual, iu
granite, and so disseminated as to form a kind
of btockwork. The overlying surface deposits
contain large quantities of oxide of tin, and it
is probable that a very large amouut of ore will
bo obtained from the diggings or washings,
Iu a series of trials recently mado 20 pounds
of detritus were found to yield from three
ounces to two pounds of ore. Tho tin-hearing
belt is known to havo more thau 100 miles of
liuear extent so that theso new mines may, iu
time, become qulto as productive as thoso of
Danca or Cornwall.
Tist ron Sewaok in Wateii. At a recent
raeetiug of tho lloyal Dublin Society, Dr. Key.
uolds culled attention to Heisch's test for de
tecting sevvago contamination. It is one of tho
best known, but has been strangely neglected.
About half n pint of tho water to bo examined
should be placed in a colorless, glass-stoppered
bottle, und a few grains of tho best loaf sugar
added. The bottle should then be placed in a
position where it will bo directly exposed to
the rays of the sun. The liquid should not be
come turbid even on a week or ten davs' ex
posure. If there is a perceptible cloudiness,
sewage coutominoted may bo strongly suspect
ed. Frauklaud has stated that this turbidity is
due to phosphoric acid present in sewage, and
it has also beeu suggested that it is duo to fun
goid growths.
AccoiiiHNo to llarixr's Wcdty, tho Uuited
States Sigual Corps has nceutly extended its
series of observations to include a daily record
of the surface and bottom temperature of tho
rivers aud harbors on which its several statious
are situated. These observations are not ouly
iu a meterologicul point of view, but as they are
also of great practical importance in connection
with the introduction of useful food-fishos in
to the rivers and lakes of the United States, a
work which is now being energetically pushed
forward under the supervision of Professor
lUird, United States Commissioner.
Gas rosEEs. Various fire kindlers, such as
cakes ot rosiu and sawdust, etc., haxo beon in
troduced, and found very serviceable ; but the lat
est and most original effort in this direction is a
"gas poker;" simply a hollow iron tube, shap
ed like a oker, with perforated holes iu one
extremity, and the other arranged with a flex
ible tube, of sufficient length to connect the
"poker," when thrust into tho stove or grate,
with the nearest gaa burner. This douo a
match will light the gas, and in r. few minutes
you have fire, whether of wood or coal, with
out any trouble or litter.
Old Pbobasilttiks seem rather satisfied with
himself than otherwise, that he has hit the
weather for the past twelve months sixty-nine
times out of oue hundred.