I ..
2
' WILLAMETTE FARMER.
Narrow Gauge Vindicated.
Concluded
In lost week's issuo we novo soma facts col
latcd from tho Into report of tho Denver and
IUo Qrando railway, upon wnlch was based n
plea for the nnrrow-gauge. Taking up tho
thread, wo notice, that tho poworof tho narrow-
gauge locomotivo id not nllcctoel by the nar
rowness of tho truck. Thin powor depends
upon tho amount of weight placed upon the
driving wheels of tho locomotive, which may
bo increased as doslred, in other words, ns
tho hIzo of tho train requires it. Practically
throughout tho United Hiutis it has not been
found desirable, except on unusual grades
where special powir in ustd, to iucrcuBO tho
freight train above what a UO-foii locomotivo
win uraw. Wiille tho nnrrovr-gnugo road with
tho samo weight of rail can of course carry
any weight of locomotivo that tho vvlde-gaugo
cau, jottven with a vtry much lighter rnil
than thnt usually adoptid on railroads in tho
United States a .Ill-toii tnginocnu bo used with
out difllculty on thu narrower road, by incrcas
iug tho number of driving wheels which curry
thu 00 tons over tho truck. In const ipiunco of
tho reduction in di ad-car weight, Hiich uu in
gino will draw, as has been shown, !I5 percent,
inoro freight than it can, taken with thu pres
ent stylo of rolling stock, on wide gauge roads,
or, a locomotho weighing 2 J tons on tho nur-row-gnugo
will c irry as much as uuu of .'JO tons
on tho othor. It is truo tho number of driving
wheels could bo increased on tho wielu-giuigo
engine, enabling lighter iron to ho usid with
out diminishing tho train below its best prutli
cal size; but thu heavy passenger and Irclght
cars of tho widu roads (eueli ot which weighs
morn thau tho heaviest present locomotive on
tho Denver and lliu Uriiudu Hallway), and thu
fact that thousands of lliesu macliiuus pass
over tho Hue, siucu a ruilroad will have say UU
times as many oars in liiotiouusof loeomotivis,
will practically prevent this advuiitugu from
being realized to any considerable extent.
On thu Denver and Itlo Uraiidu Ituilvvuy the
prosent passenger locomotivo weighs 'ilt tons,
and tho freight locomotivo llA tons. 'Ihoy
ro tuoro powerful thau aro needed ordinarily
for tho present hlu of tho daily through freight
train and passenger tiain, and for the loeal
mixed train. On oeeasluus where there is a
temporary oxeoss of freight uu extra tn
glno is run. When thu daily through freight
liilsluess lliereuses, so ns lii'illaiiy to exceed
tho tunutity of thu present locomotives.
heavier oiiih will bu put on up to iiu Ions,
1'ructleully, on any road (oxeept In tho tiisti
ol Hiitclui inclines, lliu loss irom nrolan
links, Nlinudied ilruivhurs, injured friighl, etu.,
by switching with u train that a iiU-tou lucoino
tlvo cannot handle', is greater than tho cxpousu
of ruuuiUL an extra oiiginu; or, if tho 1'iailcH
aro light, mi that thu iiiimhor of cars wuulil bu
too largo, uu extra train, l relglil trains, vviicro
there In it largo business, aru couseipinutly run
ill fleets, tho tliiiu unit huving reaelied its prac
tical maxlmuiii limit.
Alternatives.
Why uotultir tho rolling stock on thubioad
giiugo-riiuilf' JleeauHu thtro urn so many linn
lire 'i I thousand curs that it is liiiiiraetiiulilo,
'J ho principal tost of changing thu gaugo of
a road is tho alteration of lis rolling stoik.
Tim nroeess of reforming thu turs uiuld not bu
gradual, Ihcuiiho tho imu, light anil Itivvt rears
would itlilr bu Idiot ki d to pli ct s b) the nthi r
liuivicr aim nigiii r onus, or inquire ut nu run
in hiparato (ruins, which is impracticable,
'iliisii roads uro at tho uu rev of lliu heaviest
cars, or thu most Melons model that any utlur
nud pirhaps distant road mil) liau liilrueluctil,
othtrvvlso Ihev could not bo run through. All
new oars had In bu liiuvy enough In risist thu
momentum of tin so, and thus lliu evil has
guiiu on Increasing.
Whv not iidulit Iho reformed curs on a new
road iiilhuriuir, to tho wide ganger lltciiusu tho
great uihiintago (laiuud fur adhering In thu
gaugo Is simply lliu uvtililuiicoof transhipment,
ami lids could not bo galiml pruiticuil), ho
(iiuso Iho curs of nthi r eonipunii'S ttiuld not b
curried unloss in Hipuiuko (ruins, which is out
thu iplislliin, and mellow, ngui cars ciiuiu nui
ho run oil tiieir own iiuovviiii mi) uiiviiinugo,
Tho Cauuo Adopted.
Will, ndinlltiliu nil this lo bo true, ami that
a narrow i r gauge than I ft el Hi Indies is ad
visable, whj udopt hpcclally that of II futr
'Iho Demir and Itio tlrando Itnilwny was thu
pioneer of tho now iiiiivcmint in thu I'uilcd
hiatus, and, Ni far as Known, coiihlrin ltd tho
llrst road of ;i lut gangu in urn wiuiu.
I'roiu lliu iixiiriciuo already had on lliu
1 tstlnlog ltallriiail in vvnns, uwas Known inai
tho In nvlist class of fn ights -coal, lion, lino
lr, oris, Mono, itc uiuld hit uihiilitiiguuilsl)
turrlid on it gauge of 'J feel, mid ovt u tuissc n
gcis for short distunics. Hut as tlio Denver
mid Hit) (Irundii lluilvviiy was In cxcml MHI
miles in luiglh, to liuurso a viiritlvof ell
nialis, lo luioa hilgu passenger bllitiess of
tourist and htullh tmvcl, ns well as of eiul
grants mid soldii is, mid was requited to earn
iniiuy of tho lighter and more hull.) cumuiodi
tis, nud catllo, it was udmtttnl that thu gauge
should Unjust us much wider Ihau Iho gauge
of that existing narrow gauge ruilruuel, who?o
hiiccihs, iiitchunlcul.) and riuuuiliill), was in
disputable, u would pel mil thi'so uuw coiiill
tiiiiislobocoinpliiil with
Tor lliu guveriinii ut mads in India, a ,oar s
can ful anil thorough i x iniinatiuu of Ihowholo
question l' a iMiard uf experienced cuuiuils
hiont rs luu'l rcsiiltul in a majurily of Iho board
voting for u c,uuguof Ivvo del uliio iuchis, mid
thu it mulndir for thrio feet six inches, which
tho government nettled b) adopting nsii ootn
prouilso thu rreiich un Ire, iiIkiiiI Uirm foil
three Indus, fur a S) stun of lll.OlH) miles de
cided upon for that i imntrj . llut Iho roads of
India wiio not to pass through or near n moun
tain country iieueriilly, and a largo amount nl
cotton was to lw carrnsl, mi (hat it might be
lonsidcrcd advisable to limn a larger car-lloor
Miirfaco than under onlinary ciroiiiuslniiees in
the United States. Mr. .Spooucr's oxperictuo
had suggestid two feet nine Inches for uvt rage
conditions in Eiigluiul, whllu admitting that
this might bo loo tun row-for ditlercnt tharae
tus of climates, customs, and prevailing lonl,
Mr. 1'alrlio n coinuicndu I thrcu fi ct. Norvui)
nud the Canada roads had adopted Ihno feet
six Indus.
Tlio hope, w hloh has siucu been fully real
inl, of Imbuing throughout tho Hulled Slates
uu uniform mlo tlou ii) uu uurruw-Hi"K" v"
UrprikCHiif tho gaugo hi holed by IhU com
pany, so that tlnro might bo no war of narrow,
gaugi s, also i utorcd into tho iim stion. It was
not thought ttdvUablo lo nbandon iho Auier-
lOUgllt IlllVUlUUO III uuilllili'll n. ....-
tvlo of passenger car, and upon this plan
o-iiol gaugo would permit three pasen
ii sit i-ouiforlalilv ucioss tho width of the
icau st)
it three-
... 1- 111 h
car. Ii living Hiililelont space for Iho p.isiigo-
way. Less tliau tins gaugo woum i...n.v. ..
ridmtluntotvvo paengerH, or tho adoption
ol the I'.ngllsh coiintartment s) stem. A wider
gaugo would not udinit of four, without mak
lug it loo wide for economy, and bcide it was
overv -day experience that ny nnlucing the pro
portion of those pttmongers who could have
suvts by thu wludows, or by tlniusolvis, It was
unuleluoredllHcullto All all tho nW. On
tho averitgo, as wo have eeu, even threo mU
are not occupiiil ou widivgnugo road.
An a resulutnt of alt lhco various elemcuU,
the gauge of U ficlwus iouidtrtHl to lnt satis
fy tho fargnd uuinU'r of tho mokt important
rtMiulnnunU mid was itdupttsl '1 he strong
deiro of ottling nu eiuuiplo which all the liar-
row-gnugo railroads to bo built in the United
Statrs would find it to their interest to follow.
whether in tho East or West, sacrificing as lit
tle us possiulo in the extreme cases of location
on the smoothest plains and in tho most diffi
cult mountains, and meeting best tho average
conditions of the topography and transporta
tion business of tho country, had a very con
siderable weight in influencing the decision,
and it is with great satisfaction that wo are
able to nnuounca the thorough success of the
new tcntativo gauge in this respect. It has
commended itself to tho judgment of all nar-row-gajgo
engineers, nud without exception,
to far as known, ovcry narrow-gauge project in
tho United States has adopted thu sauio width.
Thcro will bo no war of narrow -gauges. Iho
Union I'aciflo Kailroad Company has, during
thu )cur, eonstructcd Iho Colorado Central
llnilroad west from Denver of tho Hitmo gauge,
.') feet on which tho cars of tho Denver and
llio Uraudo Hallway will pass without trans
shipment. That tho gaugo of 1 feet 81, inches, which
Qcorgo Ktophensou found prevailing in tho
caso of tho roads and wagons in thu north of
England to which he first applied locomotives,
should necessarily be the best nil ovir the
world, for a new class of railwavs, and tarriiiges
of n highly improved character, would be in
deed singular. Whilo it might havo been suit
able for horse-power, and fur an imperfect sur
face, it would surely have been extraordinary
had this sumo width been tho most advantageous
for an entirely new machine thu steam rail
road; and oven had it been best for a small,
densely, and uniformly populated island of
smooth topography, it would not have follow
id that it was the proper gauge for a vast con
tinent of great variety in tho character of its
surface, population, anil development.
In fact it if(M contested from thu beginning,
not, however, ou thu ground of being too
widu, but too narrow. An able engineer, Brunei,
claimed that 7 feet was a belli r gauge fur Eng
land, and in thu support of that claim urged,
it is safe to say, with ouo exception, (that of
its being a change from tho existing order of
things,) every argument that has been adduced
In latter da) s to support this in behalf of thu
I feet 8J.-J inches guugu as against olio still
narrower.
Thus it happened that (or DO or more )cnrs,
during which thu war of tho widu gauges hus
bet u going on, attention lues been drawn uwu)
from tho truo direction for Inquiry, to wit,
whether thu narrower of Iho two broad
gauges was not too widu forliiie economy, and
theriforo fur thogroutist cllle'cncy. Two coin
pititivu widu sv stems gruw up alongside of inch
othi r ill England, and to a less extent, thanks
lo our comparative poii.rly, in thu Unitul
State H. 'lliu results uf that long strugglu are
well I; now n. Now, thu narrower of thu broad
gaugis is being seriously ihalleugid in ever)
country; while in lliu United Mutes, whiru
three (tot has bun adopted by lliu uniform
Judgment of narrow -gaugu eiiginctrs, a large
number of roaiU havo orgaiiied, many of
which aro uiidi r construction mid in oik union,
for sittions var)iiig from 1'J to ICtl miles each.
1 hus it will Imi si eu that the one admitted do
th limy of narrow -guugu roads that tho) are
dillt rent from the existing ones, and prevent
interchange of ears for through business is
about lo bu remiivid, that it narrow gaugu hvs
tutu is rapidly growing up, with thu latest uu
pioviiiiiiils in rolling stock, v lilih will atlord
all tho bint Ills of this iuli rihatign without
man) of Iho disadvantages which uicoiuputi)
it uu thu old roads. Wo have txpluiiud the
reasons whitli induce Iho lompaiiy to adopt tho
giuige of llirui fcit, and show how it has op
i rati tl uu thu road thus lar, but havo refrained
(rum pole mil id elise iisslon, holding in whole
sumo vtl.t ration tho thirl) .Mars' war between
titi plu iihiiii and llriiut I, with their followers,
and will hero h avo thu subject until Mill fin tin r
in tuul expt rit ui e has enable d us to statu some
thing new.
The Yellowstone Expedition.
(Iiu Kossi r, in i barge of the Kailroad Sur
vey of Iho Stmili) e llowhtono Kxpiilitinu has
submitted lo tho authoriliis of the Northe m
I'm Hie Hailroad Compatt) his olllcial n port of
Iho results thus far acvoiiiplisli.il bv Iho expe
dition. He lltuls the new and llnul route across
W i sti rti Dakola friiin Missouri tit Iho tllow
stoue III vi rt iitirtl) prailicableand sutisfuitor),
it I ting greatl) superior to llieiso uf former
dnvs 'I ho distance, '.'IK! miles, is lwiut)-uni
miles shorter than the surve) of 1ST I The
griidii ids are moderate, the liviruge uf work
jur mile is ctinsiderubl) lisn, tho number of
important bridges is reeluced nearly two thirds,
and the Little Missouri ltivir, which former
surveys crossed seven mid ilevni limes, is
crossed one nun Iho lino Miloiatul, 'Iho route
runs Immediate 1) through onl) one mile of the
"bid" or clii) lauds, just east ofthe l.iltle Mis
souri. With few exceptions, the uiuiitr) is a
rolling prairie, sunn times rising into low lulls,
Iho grass In iug eici lit lit mid soil good (lotul
wattr was found the intire distance. Coal out
crops at various points in viius seviral feet in
thickness itud timber is more abuiiiliiut thau on
former routes
'1 he report states that tho main body of (ii'ii
Statilc) 'a expt ditioii iiccompmili d the sen tititlc
corps, and most of the pivt.s corn spouduits
did not luciimpmiv the eugiuicrH who wire is
curttil b) (leu. I lister's department, but fol
lowed the old abandoned route south of Hunt
river, hence descriptions of Iherigioii truvirxcd
by tho main command do not nppl) to the
eountrv traversed bv the new route lor the rail
road. Tho dircttors of tho coiupuuv have
incepted the new lino rccomuu'iidi d h)
(Ion. liossir from IlisuiarcK, the pie-nit uid
of the track, to the iIluwitouo cnn-sing, mid
havo called for proposals to grade and budge
thisstctiou nC'iVi miles
'1 heevpe.lition is now proMYtitiug the muviv
westward up the left bank ol the i llowstoue
tit riiiupc)'s Hilar, where it will join the sur
ve) made last vi.tr from the wist, and thut
complete the sur've) cd llnouimss thu continent
'Iho i utile command is expected to return to
l'ort Itico about October 1st.
A Novu TuiNsroiiTATioN Seiifcxii..- It is re
ported that Mr. N'ehouilah iiihson, of llclstltll,
is preparing it plan to shorten the water trans
mutation betw i en the coal markets and llostou.
11. i iir.m.wi.s to cmiMtriiit iron luirces fertile
transportation of coal from Now ork, I'hilt-
iliiipuiii, or iiiiiuuiore, ") wiij oi .iiiinigaiiMii
Hit) and Iho Taunton Uiver, til Miihsaihusetts.
Tin so vessels nro to bo vir) strong, inch to
hold four hundred tons of co.il, and to bo pro
pilled b) tiig-Ktats I'roiu some point on the
Tuuutoii ltlver ho thinks u niilwav cn Iki ivti.
o...,i.l ........ i. I.ii.l. lit. ka li.ir... n can Ike (HV ii
from tho water mid earned overland about
twenlv milts to Iheoursat We) mouth. In this
way lOO miles of sot tniiisporlatiou will ls
hrtvtxl without breaking bulk. The cotu.true-
.1.... l... .. ..1 .....1 l...r...,d Imu.tier. will be
went i'i net' '... ...... ...-.-, ..v.- .- - -
very expensive. Tho rails, even the author of
IIIU Sc'lielllO OCKUOWItMges, win nmw n -v ...,.
large, made of steel, and laid ou a roa l-b.-d
much wider than the ordinary ntllwii). 'iln
iiUu has soineiuti'roit as ouo nl me now- toiuis
in tho trausporiatlou ipiestiou.
TO CI.UAN SllALlt 1'IATI-. mil it liclltlv
... ... .. r.i. i ............. ti..... B...U..I. 21. il....
UVIT Vlllll IVVIII9UI1U, IllCil l'i9(l lltlU HMU
wliiting uiul chamois sUiu.
The Ministry Of Trees. , true llfo of man, before which all other periods
i of duration vanish as the fleetest shadows.
I There are nations who worship trees; and
As tho proper season for transplanting trees not wholly heathen, not wholly void of a true
Is now fast drawing near, it may be important i spiritual llfo can he be, whose God is so en
that public ottention should be directed to the shrluod. Wo will not, then, sneer ot the slm-
..' , pie African, who bows down and worships,
subJcot' beneath the bending arch of his beuutifnl
Every one knows there is nothing more re- Mazamba tree, which is both temple and divin
f resiling than shade on a hot day; but all nro "ty. If it be then but to teach us to took
not so well acaualnted with the philosophy of "g,,,,":
vegetable llfo and growth, and thereby with thero sAouW bo trees. It has been said by one
tho sanative power of green foliage. Carbon of old, as an incitement to hospitality, that he
is tho basis of tho vegetable body. This sub-, w" B' cordial reception to strangers, may
. . ,,11.1, .. i .i, i it unaware entertain angels. Let us, then,
stance, which ox sis In our atmosphere in the bring hither, to grace our burning side-w oiks,
gaseous form, H absorbed by the leaves, and, these beautiful Grangers of tho neighboring
after certain changes Is converted into material forests doubting not but wo shall tlnd, and
for tho nutriment and growth of the plant. our children after us, to remotest generations,
t iit. n,i ur .Ln ti t,i tullt .wo h"ve."f to ourselves the ministry of
V...b HU ....V .V..U, VH.UVU.W H..U &(.
is given off abundantly, from tho various do
composing vegctablo and animal substances,
with which nil such places abound; nnd especi
ally from tho millions of breaths, which still
moro infect tho air. Thl I gas, as is well known,
is most deadly iu its nature, nnd in its con-
ccntratedform destroys life instantly. Hut green purely experimental in nature, and to be learn-
mid growing leaves, under tho action of light, ed only by experience, either self-acquired or
absorb largo quantities ot this gas, nud, at tho that of others. On these assumptious is based
samo timo, ovolvo ox)gcn, which is an lnvig- tbo sweiping condemnation dealt out to ogri-
orating nnd life-giving principle; nnd ns trees cultural books nnd periodicals at largo by those
contain a very largo amount of foliage, they whoso ignorance of their character and aim is
must contributuiu nu equally high digrco to thus evidenced. Now our platform, too, rests
iiurify the ' mij.l t o ! c i ties . Hoards of on these samo facts, but our inferences differ,
health should take this fact into consideration; . .... . . ,
and ns n mailer of economy-of nbsoluto ph)- An ngriculturnl paper merely profosies to col-
sicnl interest and comfort should enjoin their lata tho results of successful experiment, to
cultivation; for hoalthful is their presonce, not dlssomlnnto now theories for further nnd more
''XitCr
thu philosopher looks at trees, conceiving ideas ,rinI ttm' to Inlt ueforo tho farmer, who other
far more Important, ns they relato to tho higher wiso would bo limited iu information to tho
nature of man. Iu ov try benutlful object there knowledge possessed by his own cllnuo, his
s found, l)ing beneath Its merely external i.,n7 .,i..i.i.n.. n ...-. i - 'in
.pialitlcs, a principle by which it connects It- '"""uliate neighbors, tho practice of his
self with thy soul. Thus, iu a flower, tho brother farmers In remoto parts of tho country
irised hues of tho petals, tho delicate structure or of tho world, nnd to cnablo him to keep
aim uiiuw unci. . ,..u .e.e ,,, ueumy 01
form nnd coloring, Iho moro sp.rltual perfume,
nil neldtess theuisi Ives to the senses; Jet there
is n something moro than these, oven for tho
great cud and uso of lleiutv
bitlou of the Unseen, tho .Spiritual, tho Infinite,
Every humble llowtr, that lifts its modest
wilhlo
there, lo sneak of purit), of beauty and sw cot-
uess, of wliich itself is but a typo nnd nu em.
bit ui. Clouds aro ministers of lovo; waters
aro tuneful prophets, unfolding sweet phlloso-
phiisofllfo-calling us ever to rttiirn, to re-
storu thuharmoii) wuhavo violated tho purity
wo may havo lift far hi hind. Tho sea-shell is
ij?s!3pftftoViiM,,s
angels angils that nro forever whispering to
us thu divine ni) stories of Nature "unwritten
poctr)," which is but another nnuio for tho
'"'ffSi'MMSHl mountain peaks.
wu Mud sculpture and nrcliititlure in llitlr
griii'dtst forms; and glowing Iu sunset skies,
or thu diviner chetk of IKauty, is Hit original
!ii:tf:"is,i,;o,i:!,,:,wrrr.,?,,oi lifeuss:
tclligible only to Ihu soul, it tniboilles ipl-
sodes of awful ptiwtr, tragtiliis of terrible of-
feet and iuttrtst; vet nil giving uttiriinco to
thu one gnat thought of it present Dilty, that
spiuks In ovtr) voice of Nature, whether it bo
iu tho whispering tplivr, thatklssintliedrooii-
ing chetk of tho iovo-sickllowtret, or thodttji-
ittu'Sr
Iu nil thtsu aru the priuiitivo ideas of bounty
aud sublimity pre-existing iu tho mind of (ioif;
mid win ii tluir truo spirit aud rtlationship is
vXpidbvkh
giiiius, inn ol ail seiisiuiu oiijc lis, lliu most
iitivvtrliil ripresentative of this thought is n
hiving Trie. Thi ru it stands. In its luliiess of
leaves, In its beauty of outline, iu its niiijcs-
Ho proportions, anil if wo woiil.l bt hold it, wo
must look up! hois tho thought drawn up-
ward We me tniiistiutl) lifted nut of our
sensis, iin.l all tho wants which they impose.
Wu forget that we are machines, treatid with
i xpress uhitious to the fact of being fid and
i lcitlud, or of iiiinisti ring to thu food and cloth-
lug ololliirs a piiiiosoptiv vvnictt our dull)
lite but too trill) teaches. Ev ill Iho selfishness
vvhlchlsfostcrtilb) almost evcy process of
hunianixpiritiice-bv eviry ouward slip iu
xpt rit nee bv eviry ouward stm iu
lifo-whlihiH mado the bottoiu lino of our
nligluu mid tho HUiii-tiit.il of our mornlitv,
until the heart lui-oiuis tho most wonderful iif
pi trifaotiuiis-ovt u this is Hoftuitd, and like
the rock of old, uikuowlidgts tho presence of
tho Diviuu l'owcr
Iu the cuuutr), where tho works of God are
bountifully spread abroad, iu all the fillings of
tluir variil), their btauty mid sublimit), tho
piiKi iim of these voictful ministers of good
is not sit deeply felt, nor so sorely iictdtd,
I lit re, ton, the very occupations liave a ten
iluicv topriMrveiuvioliito tho original bond
bitwieiisinsoaudsoul. llut in cities, where
the iiMiin business of life is tu drive ab irgain,
to over-reach, to plot, tit advance the iliilied
hilf to the hltdicst povsiblo ntcho iu the tcui-
pie of wealth and lninor. much iiietl is there
oisomiiuiiigioiiii me man out oi us uu-
natural littleniKS, to pluck the soul from be-
lualh its indurating egotism, that it may be
iclievcil from the trump of its growing diforni-
it), unit expend itstti, tiiougti nut for n mo-
luiut.
Aud what can do this like trees? Ho who
common mliul nKliauowingrortli olthoDivino feeling that thoSlgual Service reports nnd wirn
Is tho great cud and uso of lleiut v. It Is n rov e- nlB0ug. W o all remember how tho "practical"
coitus within the magic circle ot their Invlllug me mosi pans in me pastures aim wooellainu.
shadow, whither he beur with hlni the smalt '1 be) are fivttcued iu October and November,
hiart and the narrow mlud ot n jieuny dealer nnd it is not uncommon for n lot of curly chicks
iu tapes mid shoe-ties, ur thu harder lit art and to rta:h the avemge weight of fourteen pounds,
narrower mind of thegood-for-millioususiirtr, drcsstnl, nt Thuiiksglviug or Christmas, The
cmuot git away without being made something common rim of turkevs scut to New York
be ttir tor having been there. Ho may strug- market do uot average more thau eight or nine
gloitgaiiKtlliuiutluiiice, if ho will, 'llut the pounds.
soul is true to its birthright, nnd how deep 'Hit Nnrragant'tt is a very large, healthy
soever it umv He tinbrdded, it will Mruggtcup- bird, aud has hem brod for sie uiatiy genera-
waid, It will' dilate mid ixnud itstlf, uulil it tlous. Must uf the birds sold iu llostou nnd
attains to something more marl) appro idling I'rovideneo markets under the name of lthode
tin' true proportions of tbo Human, nud ho Mind, or extra No. 1, aro of this breed. The
goes aw a) nl irger hearted aud U'tttr mail tlmn farmers r-re c ireful iu the st lection of their
lie c line. breeding stock, taliug youug gobblers that will
How much of tho world's history might l weigh from tweulv-twu to tweut) -eight poiiudi,
toldb) a siugle tne. '1 here it stauds, an uu- aud ht us that will weigh from twelve to tax-
tiring witiitss of iho ngis, with its roots driveu tetu.
deep into the i-oil of the lust, and its tovunug When the birds are kept over, gobblers will
head looking our the dim bomou to the dis- souit times dross 32 to J I pounds. For mili
tant dilute, rh.Vbieall) weuro but tplcuera lug poultry for mtrkct, the Nitrragaubetts hav"e
In comparUou. Ktces of men mceewively uosiipirior. The prt vailing colors are white
ciiine forwanl on the ktago of Wing, they play nml Mick, with a Urge pitch of white upou
tluir parts in the great life drama and rttire, tho wing bow, giving the general impression of
to lo seen no more, )t't there stand the trees, gray bin). They are uot'uuifonn in the
seutintls of ttemity ou the outlets of time, shading, but, with sufficient pains-taking,
watching thu flight of centuries, as the) could Ixj bred to a feather, II'. Cuft, in iWfry
co ui o a ud go, and their life is mttuured b) H'orfti.
cvclts, aud unt b) )tar, )et from tinl)ing
this life our thought gsthtni stronger wingj, Somx experiments hare Utely beu made iu
we sweep through the immeusllv of uncounted iu the arseual at Yieuua with a new explosive
agis, we pi in (rate the depths ol Mug, where mixture, the " VoUmau powder," which are
neither time nor siuce is known; where the stated to have produced very satisfactory re-
jvtst aud the future nro lost iu the tuluess of suits, and to have shown that the new mixture
oue lmmeasunible prestut, which wo call ettr- it cheaper and more powerful thau ordin&r)
uitv, aud we fiud it all vvithiu the soul, the guupowder.
angels. Pacific Rural Press.
" Farming by Book."
As in every other department of practical
science, farming is considered by (hose who are
st) led "old school" farmers to be something
jm00 w tu tu0 cout nuous progress mado iu his
' , , . ,,,
ow" Ji'I"tmcnt of labor.
Tlio agricultural palter meets much tho samo
old sea dogs laughed at the lings sent up by
those si ientiilo "sharps," and how carefully
"' .regarded their prophecies, lint now
how changed is their slighting opinion. The
conclusion was gradually forced upon their
,m that there was somc'thtug in scientific
, . ,, , ., , .
"'etoorology, nftcr all, aud they at presout re-
Kird tho signals with it moro than superstitious
roverenco.
,sr T ,ho -'rUo,,1, 1?o,mt'monl of
Agrlculturo niiiong farmers, nt tho outset. So
with tho agricultural schools mid colleges. So
with tho application of orgaulo chomistry to
"" ;'" "", .'"-ip.e of
rettatlon of crops, which, though old ns the
hills iu some lauds, is among us a comptra-
lively ucvv foature, tint 1ms had to fight Its way
wl
mid so It has been with tho agricultural press,
That sontiuionts nro changed is sufficiently
,lrm0li i,y tho many farming papers which
. . . ., . , b ' ' 7 """"
nUi nml ,u0 "'"uo of now ones that aro
evtr)whcro springing up.
Let us try to state brletly, condensing words
sl,llcro' '00k "l'" "r position ns that of
n medium of thought between farmer aud
farmer. Iu addition, wo conceive it to bo our
duly.oexpress opinions on rival modes, and
-''". iu nru uuauieti, uy
superior advantages, to gitber from nil sources
,I0 intelligence which especially bears upon
,, , ,, , ,. ... ,' ' , '
,ho e",w,"8 t tho farmers of our own
loc.ilit), which evidently it would bo imprac-
licablo for tho farmer himself to obtain,
Whether iu topics of tho field, tho kitchen nnd
.. , V. , ., ' """ "
"""""l''". '"' npinrj, tho poultrj-jnril, or
tlio stock-farm, it is ours to keep posted on tho
advance of thedi); it is tho firmer' oppor
ln.,Iiv nn.1 .l,ii- in ,,l.. .... i .
"" "'"l ' ' to exam no nud compare, mi
'" Hov . if found wise, our ndvico. Stil
mid
V '"'"" i"""ii wise, our nuvico. Mill
l"'f. ' ,l01J,18 ".P 9 to guard his
l"-uliry and political interests, without pro-
B to lo a trado journal, and still less a
P'irlisati organ, buch should be, and nro. for
tuo ost part, the objects of agricultural pa-
pers. and such, wo hope, is the character o
1110 IIUIUI, I'lll-SS.
The Narragansett Turkey.
This Is ono of the largest nnd hardiest of nil
the lirniU nf llirknvs. Il Id r.ila...! I., t,a ,..
est perfictiou iu Southeastern Connecticut nnd
Khodo Island, a region famous for its lino
iioultrv, Turkevs do reniarkiibly well along
thu mii iHtariluud almost evcrv furnur rtmoto
fr.mi ili, mIIui-.s 1ms Ida tlnt. ri i .,.,
eonimon to Hud llocks of from oue to two hnu-
tired birds, tho product of about n dozeu hens,
under thu skillful niauno'euient of a poultr) wo-
man or Ikiv. Ofeouuu thoy do somo ilimage
to grain, but this evil is counterbalanced bv tho
enormous destruction of iusjets. 1'rom Juuo
o September they subsist mainly upoti grass-
hoppers, crkkt Is, and other insects, rauging for
DEWEY & CO.
American & Foreign Patent Agents,
OFFICE, 338 MONTOOMERY STREET, B. F.
PATENTS obtained promptly; Caveats filed
expeditiously; Patent reissues taken out;
Assignments mado nnd recorded in legal
form; Copies of Fatents nnd Assignments
procured; Examinations of Fatents mado
here and at Washington; Examinations made
of Assignments recorded in Washington;
Examinations ordered nnd reported by Tele
graph; Rejected cases taken up and Patents
obtained; Interferences Prosecuted; Oitinlons
rendered regarding the validity of Patents
nnd Assignments; every legitlmato branch of
Patent Agency Business promptly and
thoroughly conducted.
Our intimate knowledge of the various in
ventions of this coast, nnd long practice in
patent business, enable us to abundantly
satisfy our patrons; and our success aud
business aro coustantly increasing.
Tho shrowdest nnd most experienced Inventors
aro fouud among our most steadfast friends
and patrons, who fully appreciate our advan
tages iu bringing vnluablo inventions to the
notice of tho public through tho columns of
our widely circulated, first-class journals
thereby facilitating their introduction, sale
nud popularity.
Foreign Patents.
In addition to American Patents, wo secure,
with the assistance of co-oporatlvo agents,
claims iu all foreign countries which grant
Patents, including Great Dntaln, France,
Ilelgium, Prussia, Austria, Victoria, Peru,
llussia, Spain, Uritish India, Saxouy, British
Columbia, Cauada, Norway, Sweden, Mexico,
Victoria, Brazil, Bavaria, Holland, Den
mark, Italy, Portugal, Cuba, ltomnu States,
Wurtomberg, New Zealand, Now South
Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Brnzil, New
Orenada, Chile, Argentine Ilcpublic. AND
EVEUY COUNTIIV IN THE WOULD
whero Patents aro obtainable.
No models aro required iu European coun
tries, but tho drawings and specifications
should bo prepared with thoroughness, by
nblo persons who nro familiar with the re
quirements nud chauges of foreign pateut
laws agents who nru reliable nud perma
nently established.
Our schedule prices for obtaining foreign pat
ents, in all cases, will always bo ns low, aud
iu some instances lower, thau thoso of any
other responsible ngcucy.
Wo am ami do got foreign patents for inventors
iu tho Pacific States from two to six mouths
(according to tho locution of tho country
sooM.li than any other agents.
Home Counsel.
Our long oxperienco in obtaining patents for
Inventors ou this Const has familiarized us
with tho character of most of tho inventions
already patented; licnco wo nro frequently
able to save our patrons tho cost of n fruitless
application by pointing them to the same
thing already covered uy n patent. Wo aro
nlwa)s frto to advise applicants of any
knowledge wo havo of previous applications
which will iutcrfero with their obtaining n
patent.
Wo invite the acquaintance of nil parties con
netted with inventions nud pateut right busi
ness, believing that the mutual conference of
legitimate business and professional mcu is
mutual gain. Parties iu doubt iu regard to
thtir rights as assignees of patents, or pur
chasers of patented articles, can ofteu rcccivo
advli'e of importance to them from a short
call at our office.
Ilemittnuccs of money, mado by Individual in
v tutors to tho Government, sometimes mis
carry, nnd it has repeatedly happened that
applicants havo not only lost their money,
but their inventions nlso, from this causoand
consequent delay. Wo hold ourselves ro
sponsible for all fees entrusted to our ngency.
Tho principal portion of tho patent business of
this coast has been done, nud is still being
done, through our ngtncy. Wo nro familiar
with, mid havo full records, of all former
cases, nud cau moro directly judge of tlio
value audit itcutnbillty of inventions discov
ered hero than any other agents.
Situated so remoto from tho sent of government,
de la) s nro even more dangerous to tho invent
ors of tho Pacltio Coast than to applicants in
tho ljistcrn btutes. Valuable patents may bo
lost by tho extra timo consumed, iu transmit
ting specifications from Eastern agencies busk
to this coast for tho biguaturoof tho inventor.
Confidential.
Wo take gTeat pains to prescrvo secrecy iu all
confidential matters, mid applicants for pat
ents cau rest assured that their communi
cations nnd business transactions will be held
strictly confidential by us. Circulars free.
Engravings.
We havo superior artists in our owu ofilco, nud
all facilities for producing fino and satisfac
tory illustrations of inventions and machinery,
for newspaper, book, circular nnd other
printed Illustrations, nnd nro ulwavs ready to
assist patrons iu bringing their valuable ois
cov cries into practical nud profitablo use.
DEWEY & CO.,
United States nnd Foreign Pateut Agents, pub
lishers Mining and Scientific Prtss nnd tho
Pacitlo llural Press, "Ud Montgomery St., S.
E. corner of California St., Sau Francisco.
.o. now LIT,
CREGO & BOWLEY,
Import or, unit MnmiiHcturoi-M
CARRIAQES aud WAGONS,
a No. 0 Merchant's Exchange,
CA1.U0UNU bTIIUCT SAN UU.NCIsCO
Keep conUntljr en hnj lop ami open Dugctej ton
and oi d ltocWwtjrs, Jiimp-wat lluggles. Trck ud
Hotel DuUlM, hkelMon VVinons. lli.Xft rhwtonior
thj very latest ljle and riu.-.t workmanship
Ve would call j articular alteutlou to our nno atock
?! 'i'S' "r11 r. TroWr W tKons. mad. to order br
111 following ft Iterated maker!
t?narl-s b. Ooffrvj, Caiudru, NrwvUntTj
lltlntld & Jackteiu, Ualiway, New Jersey.
On-ce k How, Wilmington, Delaware,
And other nrst-cla. linker, which we aro prepared to
ell on the moat reasonable tenut.
Also, a lartte assortment of single and double liar,
ness, ot the most c Minted makers!
O Oraham. New o,k. j. lull, rjoncordi Plttkiu
t Thomas. I'hlladeli hia.
Also, a lull aisortmetit ol Dres and Light Dlanktli
Fur and Lap ItoWa. Whips, Halters, Sunlucltt. etc at
wholesale and rttall. '
CKEGO & UOVYLEY,
No. 9 UcrckanU' Exchange, CalUerola street
aivMui San rrancisi).
AVERILL'S
CHEMICAL PAINT
Of any desired Shd or Color,
Mixed ready tor application, and aold by tha gallon
II la Cheaper, Ilasdaomer. mora Dorable and ELotlc
than the beat of any other Paint. '"
, . -..... vu .v.hkuu street
tranclaco. bend lor sample card and price list.
u, ivraei tounn and Townsend atreeu. San
llriWlceOMlp
uuui s JEWELL, AfasU.