WILL-AMTTE FARMER.
rv
a
!
JOHN HUGHES,
STATU STHlilvT, SALK.TI, OKIiflON,
I DEALER IN.
Bacon, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Flour, Grain, Feed,
AND DOMESTIC PRODUCE OF ALL KINDS.
Faints, Oils and Window Glass, American and English
Coach Varnishes, English and American Furniture Var
nishes, Gum Shellac, and Japan Varnishes, White
Daxnar and Asphaltun Varnishes.
(IAST0R OIL, LAUD OIL. KEATS TOOT OIL,
KLKPHANT OIL, DOGFISH OIL, POLAK OIL,
LINSEED OIL, PUTTY COLOHS' LAMPBLACK,
CHAINING TOOLS, Ac,, Ac.
WALL PAPER,
Lime. and. Plaster, Hair, Nails, and Shingles. '
Wholesale and Retail. Cash paid for all Kinds of Merchantable Produce.
Jy27j ,. - -- JOKClSr HTJG-HBS.
COOKE, DEtyNIS&Co.
MANtlPACTUHK
SASH. DOORS, BLINDS
JSLol3.J&m,
RUSTIC, AND ALL TUB LATP.ST STYLES
of lulde aud oul.Ulo flul.U, of the beHquallly
uX dear cedar lumber ever ucd In Salem.
StflQIL S1KII, STAiH UK
AND
TURNING,
DONE WITtl-' NEATNESS AND DISPATCH
CEDAR LUMBER
, AND
HliliifflcH i'ov Salo Cloi.
Beat of Work at Low-cut I'rlcca
Ple.iie give ' A call, en onr 'lock, learn onr
price, and give u your order. .......
Special attention given to order from FARM
KUS, and luronnatlon freely given gratia to our
patron.
Shop ono Dlock Knit or (be Cbeineketa Iloute.
Jea-U
MARBLE WORKS,
MONROE & STAIOER,
Dealer In
MONUMENTS,
AND
Head and Foot Stones.
ALSO.
MANTELS
AND
Furniture Marble
TO OIM51SR. .
ADDRESS:
A.J. nOMIOIt, I I WJI, NTAIOKB,
Kalem, Orcguu. j I Albany, Oregon.
no0y
i to. n. JONEK.
1, M. rATTXnuON.
Jones & Patterson,
Real Estate, Insurance,
....AKD....
GENERAL AGENTS,
COMMERCIAL HOTEL UUILDINO,
Malera, Oregon.
SPECIAL ATTENTION OIVEN TO THE le
or Heal Etato In all part of Oregon.
A law amount of ery deilrablo C1TV PROP.
KKTY, conltlug of Duclllug lloue, Lot, Hull
lllock and Illock, Store. Ac.
....Alto....
Improed FARMS and Valuable Uncultltated
Prairie and Timber Land, iltuated In tbe bet lo.
talltlc In the Statu.
,...Alo....
Renting ami Lcalng or all kind or property,
Colli-cUou or Claim, Ac, Ac, will ruelie prompt
attention.
agents ron
Tho Mutnal Life Insuranco Co.
Oi Now Yorlc,
....AND....
The Union Fire Insurance Co.
Of iiu XrrnnjIco.
.
fY Pur complete dccriptlon or property ap
ply at their office,
hr Correspondent promptly anrvtircd, and all
miormauonglica "Ce cuarge.
Addre,
JONES PATTERSON,
lluj 9'JO. Salem, Oregon.
wcreo-r.
FLOURING MILLS.
Best Family Flour,
Baker's Extra, XXX,
Superfine, and Graham,
Middling!, Bran, Shorts,
CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
. J
Highest Price in Cash
P4ID FOR J
OTXXAT, AT AXJa TIME.
H. C KINNEY.
Agent E. P. M. Co.
SaUra, Sept.Ktr
CHINA NUT OIL,
COAL OIL,
HAW AND IIOILED OIL
H. D. BOON,
..ITALXn IN.
BOOKS, STATIONERY
MUSIC,
Periodicals, Newspapers,
Wall Paper, ?
....AND....
. WJusical Instruments
THE CELEIIRATED
BURDETT ORGANS
....AND....
Hallett and Cumston's Pianos
Aliayon band.
Tlieo liiftniment are PAV0R1TK3 with all
ron.lelan. and thl Storo I tbe retort or all who
l.h to buy Uood cbeap.
II. D. 1IOON,
State rtreet, Salem.
Dee?.
WAGONS AND
CARRIAGES.
aud keen the money In our mn Slate by ptirrluia-
InC tliu be.t Wagon nrt ortVied
for rata lu Oregon
THE BOWIE WAGONS.
manufactured In Salem are roado or tbe
VERY BEST MATERIAL,
Wheel IIOILED IN OIL heron Ironic, every
part FULLY WARRANTED. Hear what your
neighbor ray:
To the Farmers of Oregon
We, tbe undesigned, own and ne tho HOWIE
WAGONS manufactured br T. Cunningham Co,,
Salem, Oregon, and take pica ure In rvcammcndlnc
them to your notice:
Hr Docauie we know they are an "A Wo, It
wagon.
Sieoml Heeaue It I an Oregon Institution aitd
w e reel It to he our dulr and Intcrett to encourL-e
HOME MANUFACTURE.
T. L. I)avldon,
PUk Walker,
Win. Porter,
WcIey Howell.
J. L. liHlll,
C. P. Glover,
Tho. (late,
Cal. Geer,
Perry Wtn.
Alonr-o Swarta,
II. I). Oaterkoult,
I). Newooi,
J. Holllnibcd,
K. C. (leer,
John Kay.
C. 11. Adam,
John Karl,
D, N. Ilurrougb,
j-.w.Xcr-
Dr. A. M. Belt,
J. N. (Hover;1
(tro. !. Coffin,
Cbaa. Pearcr,
L. W, Cramp,
A. K. (larrl.oti,
Wm. Churchill,
J. A. Kemp.
II. II. Kenady,
Ahram NeUuu,
J. Voorhee,
J. W. Mlnto,
aud 70 other.
Wekyour altance In building up the M
chnilral littered or our own State. Give HOME
MANUFACTURE tbe preference, and i ffuanm
Itt you a Ikttrr ami Chiajtr Wwjoh than can U am
tvrtni. T. CUNNINGHAM L CO.
May fit.
Pacific University,
PUREST OROVK. ORkGON.
INSTRUCTION lgttn In four ooureof tddy.
covering from two to four year at tba raaM
time. It 1 the wlab of the Parulty to bo or aerilcv
to all camet itudetit In their plana forttlflm.
proteButit, whether they can eontlnoa a lone 9t
hurt time, 1'rovMon 1 made for boarding yount;
ladle. Por particular, addre the Preldent.j
The ueit term bantn September lib,
facULtv.
Her. S. H Mamm. D.D.. Prealdict, and rrofo
or or InttUectaal PBlloaopby,
Itet. Uobaci LYaiAX, A,M Profeuor of MaUi
ematlca, Uiokoi II. CoujB, A.M., ProfvMor o.thc 5t-
J. W. Mamm,' A'. V., Proror af UlU aad
Greek. '
A. J.'AxDiawo!, A.M., ProTror or Theory mi
Art of Teacblie. and I'rlnripal or tin Acadaay.
iru P. A. W i)o. l'reptre.
Mix O. A. HAtKau.. Teaiber or Made. fit
Corrcspoiulcncc from Ohio.
Editor Wlllamellc Parmer
The mniiy lultors of Inquiry which
I lmvo rwoiveil from citizens of Ore
gon (since my ntuiio first npiwaroil
in your plea-mut columns), and sevo
rnl too who left Delaware county,
prompts mc to sulimlt tills comimini.
cation for their perusal. And first,
last Monday, the act of tho Legisla
ture of Ohio, constituting Delaware
took cireetand made it n city. That
samo ovening, the CounciI,cousisting
of Jlessrs. Albright, Starr, Drown,
Slough, and the Itev. W. T. Watson,
met and set the machinery in run
ning order, under high pressure.
Aud an ordiiianccnbolishing the sale
ofullspirituoiisswlllsjWUleausomueh
smugglingand high-handed evasion,
for old topers don't wean easily.
Tho city, according ,to tho charter,
contains something over 7,000 squls,
and by means of Its puhlL Improve
ments, is rapidly onlarging In nil di
roctloiis. Its literary institutions
(tho Ohio VcMeyan Universities)
contain sulistantlnlly thesoul of Motlr
odism. Dolnwnro U to tho " itine
rant brother in cloth," what Mecca js to
the Mohammedan, they must cither
reside In it, or visit it, annually.
And here let me say, passing, that
last week Dlshop W. L. Harris paid
thecity n Hying visit prior to starting
on his Asiatic lour.
Delaware) contains tho finest Court
House in Ohio, hut tho sovereign
people know tpilto well how that
came about. Tho city contains three
banks, three printing olllce, twenty
dry goods establishments, twelve
provision stores, and any number of
low groggorles. Recent railroad
changes has rendered Delaware the
most important point on the roatl or
roads that center in that place, and
its rouud-liouso and machine hhops
are second to uono in Ohio. Dela
ware, properly speaking, Is tho term
ius of three railroads, and tho mis
understanding betwixt the C. C & C.
H. 11., and tho Little Miami II. 11.,
has through the instrumentality of
tho so called short lino turned the
tide of business all in that direction
and left Columbus on tho side track.
Eighteen trains daily arrive at, and
depart from Delaware, ami the pay
master has hero his heaviest lob.
Six hundred and fifteen hands in tho
employ of tho railroads, hail with Joy
tho arrival of Sturgess, whilst others
have reasons for blessing two largo
fountlertes, and two extensive (lax
mllN, whto dally business furnishes
them with remunerative toll, lint
tho city grows wicked as well its
good, and Its Instrumentalities for
vlco ure (tuite cnual to those for rood.
Its morals are not as good as when
Holman knew it., i'ollco records
show that. The waters of its famous
sul)hursprlngs,soelllcarious In heal
ing ine nations, are more eiiectlve
when taken behind night's sablo cur
tain, than lu the brand glare of noon
day, and careful estimates make it
apparent that enough time Ismhiiiu-
dercd lu Its four croquet parks to
iuku proper euro oi nil ine crops
raised in tho county.
Of courso Delaware Is a literary
city, "the light of tho world, set on
a hill," with more politicians than
was included In tho Oral it Mohillvr
Investigation, whilst nearly every
man you chance to meet upon tho
tho street, wants to sell you a musical
instrument, or teach you music. Or
If It bo Saturday, get an opportunity
to ritlo out Into the country and
preach on Sunday. Some of tho more
Minguino In Delaware, who have
properly to sell, think that Delaware
Is that important point lu prophecy,
where tho evangelization of this
mundane sphere is to start from, and
It (Irxw rortiilnlv Innb- uiniotlilmr flint
way, for oves half tho graduates of
Her universities are not limners,
nor mechanics, but preachers. ' Of a
truth you can say to your readers,
Dlouwaro Is getting big, and wlso,
iind wicked, anil good, and of this,
more anon. J. W., Jit.
Lfonardsburg, O., May 20, 187il.
Til k experiment recently mudo In
Ohio of pluclng women at the head
of all tho schools below tho high
bchools, is pronounced a decided suc
cess. The Instruction und discipline
havo been as good as formerly, there
have boon fewer dlllicultles between
teachers and pupils, und fewer com
plaints have been made by parents
against teachers.
The woolen mills at Brownsville,
tho Ronton Democrat learns, ,. are
novr"Uonin(jvtyxelverlantls, nnd
manufacturing nit 'excellent quality
of cloth.
"Merino Shcop.
Col. Win. W. Holllstor. tho great
stock breeder of the Pacific slope, Is
a native of Ohio. Twenty years ago
he left the Jltiekoyo State, driving
before him it Hock of S00 Miocp. As
he proposed to drive the tloek over
land to California, his enterprise was
regarded as impracticable. Hut he
was atotit oi Heart, ami met Willi
success, lie arrived in Southern
California with half the sheep ho
started with, but these 100 were
carefully nursed, nnd they enabled
hint to set up In business as a wool
grower. Tho sheep Increased ra li
ly, and Col. Holllstor managed them
so well that ho is now it millionaire.
Ills grazing farms number 100,000
acres of land, and the wool-growing
animals can bo counted by the thou
sands. Tho experience of such tin
eminent Htoek-grower must bo valu
able. Col. Hollister was recently In
terviewed by a correspondent of tho
Cincinnati VummerciuL anil In tvnlv
to tho question what ho couitlere!l
the 'most profitable breed of shoon to
grow on the Pacific coast, he said:
" Whllo I consider all things prof
itable for our State, Hie merino und
dlfiorcnt grade. of merino seem best
adilptcd to tho largo business; first,
because the merino Is more gregari
ous and herds better In bauds and,
second, because the merino, fitrulr-li-lug
to the world, us ltdoes, the great
staple for the clothing wools, fills a
largo place in tliu economy of liv
ing. If this class of wool were great
ly diminished, we should soon Hud
out how small it space Is occupied by
tho combing or long wools of tho
world. I havo no way of finding out,
to anything like u certainty, what Is
tho prop rlion of strictly clothing
wool to the combing, but think it is
as seven to three, and perhaps oven
eiijht to two. Of course, you know
that we have not enough of either.
There Is no danger of over-production
in any kind of wool, nor doubt
of continued profit lu sheep husband
ry for all time."
Col. Hollister estimates the annual
average Increase of merino sheep,
under fair conditions, at one hun
dred percent.; but, on u large scale,
ho regards tho business good when
the Increase Is only eighty per cent.
When tho business is small enough
to allow the proprietor to give It per
sonal superintendence, the profits
very naturally are greater than
when it grows so largo as to be In
trusted to subalterns.
Ladles In the (iraiigCR.
One of the most interesting features
of the granges, Is that not it single
one can bo organized without the
companionship of ladies. No charter
will bo issued to organize a grange,
even if a hundred of the best farmers
want It, and ask for it, unless a cer
tain number of ladles Join. Their
assistance and inllueiice are needed.
Their companionship will have u re
fining and elevating efi'ect upon the
sterner sex. They are equally Inter
ested with their husbands, brothers
anil sous in tho good lh.it can bo ac
complished. What aids lu giving
relief to tho fanner, will give relief
lo ins wile and daughters. They
give tone and elevation to the
proceedings of the granges. They
furnishii social feature to the granges
which will give permanency and
stability to them. Kach grange
meeting there will be a social festi
val, it neighborhood visit, u green
snot in tliu Sahara of the farmer's
life. Ily all means let every grunge
encourage the attendance of ladies.
IjCt thler bo as many lady members,
as male members. It will increase
the interest lu them and help to ele
vate our noble profession to that
high standard wo desire to reach.
With woman's Influence with us wo
shall have no such word as full.
Her iiilluoncc is for good, and we
are glad to know she will exext It In
behalf of those who are nearest and
dearest to her. Culmuu'ii Jlurul
World.
Wll.l. Till! Sltr.KI' liUHINIXH HP.
Ovkhdonf.'.' A correspondent nsks
if we "think there is danger of the
sheep Interest being overdone?"
The question Is not fairly put. If he
asks us to Indicate homo line of busi
ness which will never meet adversi
ty, we can tell him very quickly that
wo know of ho Mich business. Eve
rything must have Its ups and downs,
Its alternating sunshine and showers,
and the sheep business is no excc
tlon. Hut we do not know of an In
dustry which rests upon n more legi
timate aud wife basis. To start with,
the production of wool Is not equal
to tho wants of the country; and tho
growth of our imputation is such that
it requires each year tho product of
4,000,000 more sheep than it did the
year before. Sationtil J.ive-A'toet:
Journal. "
The Origin of Mountain.
Professor James D. Dana contrib
utes to the "American Journal of
Science and Arts" a very learned
treatise on some results of the earth's
contraction from cooling, including
a discussion of the origin of moun
tains and tho nature of the earth's
Interior. In speaking of tho kinds,
and structure of mountains, ho draws
a hitherto neglected distinction be
tween: 1. A simple or individual,
mountain range or mass, which U
the result of one process of making,
like an Individual lu any processor
evolution, mid which may be distin
guished as a inonogenetle range, be
ing ono in genesis; and 'J, A com
posite or polygonetlc range or chain
made up of two or more monogu
uotlo ranges combined. Appalachi
an chain the mountain region itlong
tho Atlantic border of North Amor
lea is u polygonotic. chain, aud con
sists of several other ranges, princi
pal among which are the J recti
Mountains, tho Atleghantcs,and the
Highland, Including thu Blue Uidgo
aud Adlropdiieks. Of these, tho first
wuh comploted essentially after thu
lower slltirlau era, t lie second imme
diately after the carboniferous era,
aud tho thin) are prc-sllurlun in for
mation. Mountain-making is shown to bo
vcy slow work. After the begin
ning of tho primordial, the first pe
riod of disturbance of North Amer
ica of special note was that tit tho
close of the lower siluriati, when tho
firooit Mountains were finished.
This Interval bet ween tho beginning
of the primordial and the motamor
plilsm of tliu above range was tit
least 10,000,000 years. Tho next
eM)ch of great disturbance In tho
same Appalachian region was that
at tho close of tho carboniferous era,
In which the Allcglmulcs wore fold
ed up: and, altogether, It Is stated
that the Appalachians were at least
;iT,000,000 years lu making. Tho dis
placements of the Connecticut river
sandstone and thu accompanying Ig
neous ejections, which occurreu be
fore thocreUtceoiisera, took place for
some 7,000,000 years after tho Appa
lachian revolution. Thus it Is dem
onstrated that tho lateral pressure
resulting from tho earth's contrac
tion required an exceedingly long
oni lu order to accunmlato torco suf
ficient to produce it general yielding
aud plication or d!placcmcul of tho
beds, and to start oil' a now range of
prominent elevations over the
earth's crust. Setentijle American.
Change In lihrr I.YiIi.
lu a report on the su'Jtvt of water"
supply for the village of Youkers, Nl
Y., published In tho January num
ber of tho American Chemi.it, Prof.
J. 8. Newberry furuMiossonio Inter
esting facts on thu geology of tho
river U-ds, that will be of general In
terest. Ho says: "It Is probably
known to you that most of the drain
ing streams of all tho region butweoii
tho Mississippi ami (lie Atlantic any
now running far above their ancient
beds. This fact was first revealed to
me by thu borings mudo for oil in thu
valleys of tho tributaries of tho Ohio.
All Iheso streams were found to bo
(lowing In valleys once deeply exca
vated but now partly filled, and In
some Instances, almost obliterated.
Further Investigation showed that
tho samo was trim of tho draining
streams of New York and tho Atlan
tic slope. Tor example, tho valley of
the Mohawk, for u largo part of Km
course is filled with sand and gravel,
to the depth of 'J00 feet, lu tho Hud
son water surface stands now proba
bly f)00 feet uIm)VA Its ancient lovel
tho old mouth of tho Hudson und tho
channel which loads to it being dis
tinctly traceable on the bottom nearly
eighty miles south and east of Now
York. The excavation of thesodeep
channels could only have bevu effec
ted when the continent was much
higher than now. Subsequently it
was depressed so far that tho ocean
waters stood on tho Atlantic coast
from 100 lo MM) feet higher than they
now do.. During tills period of sub
mergence tho blue clays In the val
lovof thu Hudson tho 'Chamnlalu
clays'-rworo deposited, and thoval
leys of ull tho streams were more or
less filled."
Thk Danbiiry iYrir fellow says;
"Tho majority of women euro very
little about suffraco. If tho backs to
car beats could only bo hollowed out
so art to admit of their hustles' hip
ping over, the Ixillot might go to
thunder for all they care."