U ( i I; r . . V Ml ' . I 'I lfi il! ! WILLAMETTFARMER i3ifTfir,ft9 ffiKHNMi :,Cs'Vi5jppr-i',vt; "Vvr Sntam. Snfnrdiiy, April 27. RIBKKl'-A I'OSHIDLK KMKIMJHXCY. Niw hero Isun encouraging record for the young inon who nro to pat tern after tho old men. Where Is tin millenary to China, and tho Sunday School teacher?. Tho representative from one of the counties east of tho mountains Iiuh been taken hy tho ears liy his party nud made to explain howhocamoin possession of a chock for $3,0(10 while In the Legislature, lie admitted that ho did draw the cheek f.ir $15,000, hut nut for himself. II was handed to him in a .sealed envelope, to he paid to those partisans who had to le bought into tho party caucus for IJ. H. Senator. This Is a little new light on hrlhe ry, mid we are glad It has heen ex posed. Hut no one here, who is ac quainted with the circumstances of the pisl four years, doubts fora min ute that (his individual went away from S.ilem heavily laden with the " Duke's" money. There N not the least douht hut that, if justice had been meted out to the money lords In this Stale and their corrupt tools in tin Legislature who steal the people's right, as It Is to tint poor devils who Meal hor-es, tho penitentiary would contain n much larger population than il now does. Wn commend the following appro priate remarks on this Miliject, from the I'lrijlc Christian Advocate, lo the attention of every friend of Oregon: "llillicry Isju-tly I'ouili'iuiusl by all true patriots, of lilliinlinlril ami lion entitle men. It IsglWngn man iiniuc.t Incccluiugc forhhciiuvletloUMofwhtil is light anil Just. The man who give- lio less tlnill lie wlm loeclvcsa eolislil elation thus for hi- convictions ul rluht Is impiiiielpleil, anil Is mi fnv mi worthy I lie lospcot nf his fellow-beings. We are on the eve nf anothei election. In this Stale, llieie wll. doubtless In- fiiunil men uupiinelpleo I'Moagh to unilcilalic to liny up vote with money, for men unprincipled enough lo xell their volen for the miiuc. Money Is n mighty Instrument I'm good In the hniulsnl uiilile mimleil ami lieiievolelil persons ; lull when ill (In possession of i--l ll-il, Minliil ami mi jirlnciplcil men, it h used for brllierj amlcoriiiptloii, il lnvuiiics no lc i pn tenl furevil. We hope (he coming election will from its luciplcucy In chnraclciicil liy puiity ami Justice, ami that all those ulin ntteiupl to make merchandise out of the piincl plesof others will iceclve the oilluiu (heyJiiHlly ile-eive." There is a contingency that may arise to -ettlo this mailer of lulbci.v and corruption. History repeats It Mlf, and wie men ought to learn from its teachings to guard against evils visiting the people the second time. California mi He red long, as Oregon Is now doing, under the con trol of a hct of thieves, cut-throats, murderers, ballot-box MuH'crs, cor rupt Judges and Juries, and every class of roughs that allllct society. -Men were assassinated in open day In tho streets of San Francisco, and the assassins went unpunished. The jioople's votes were tampered with, and other men t levied to ofhYe than the people had chosen. Ilrihery was the great order of the day, and Judge, Jury, and almost all men in power walked the Mreeto as corrupt as tho minions of BccUohuh, With a condition of things much woe than wo have described, the people, In IS5U, recognizing tho old Human maxim that "tho safety of tho jrhi plo Is the supremo law," organized 11 vigilance committee, to rid them selves, of tho Intolerable Injustice and corruption In their midst. The sequel wo all know, and we know the State Is now comparatively freo from the evIU which then atlllctcd it. lias Oregon got to (ms.s through tho dark and dismal days ot a vlgl to protect their lives and homes. Kathor than hco our legislators bought and Hold ; our elections car ried contrary to tho will of tho pco plo ; tho rights of citizens sacrificed, and tho people taxed to enrich mo nopolies in railroads and stcamloats, and in carrying out divers swindles; the young pcoplo of our State grow up with an education that perjury is tho highest aim of our public men, wo prefer to return to tho "puck saddle period " and sec every foot of railway torn up, and every oak tree in tho valley ornamented with mo nopolists and their agents. If the game once opens, many men In this State who only tax their brains in devising means to (legally) swindle tho honest laborer of his earnings, will have to hunt some ilimato more congenial to their call ing. Where our Garden Scrd Come From. Few persons are probably aware that tho United States do not supply our hoine demand for garden heeds. Oregon not only imports fotir-llftlis of the garden heeds planted in the State, but tho Atlantic States are largo con-unicrs of foreign seeds, iniM)rted principally from France, Belgium, and (lermany, and to the extent of .it least half the seeds planted. Is this not simply ridicu lous? Here is a country which can supply the world with an enormous surplus of grain and Hour, and yet we H'lul aliroad over one million dollars annually for seeds lo plant our gardens, which million dollars ought to he kept at home. It Is the almost universal opinion among gardeners and grain grower that a change of heed is nece .iry occa-ioiially, (o keep the .-ceil from "running out," as it Is expres-ed. Now what are the facts with regard to tin cultivation of .-ceils by the for eigners we purcha-e of'.' They cul tivate the .-.inn .-ceil on tho same ground year ulteryoar. Tney novel -end to us for a change of heed, or foi anything imle-s it is a new variety And in-tond nf deteriorating in qual ity, tholrsccds are generally improv ing. I'nl by their method, they lie Mow more care in cultivation. They il ways .-elect (lie large-t and heavie-' -ceils for planting, carefully winnow ing out the llghle.-t and iuferioi -ceils. The iudiscriiiiiuategathering of all heeds is never practiced by the hclentitle and Micco.-.-ful cultl ator. I.Ike begets like, holds good In the vegetable as well as in the an imal kingdoms. If wo always .-elect the large-t, llucM and most perfect animals for breeding purpo-cs, we will always have the best hpecimen- of any breed. And mi In nlantinir -cod. If we how and plant nothing but the best -ccd, wo may expect to have, other things being provided for the micccs.su.iI growth of the plant, the be.-t re.-ults of the heed. " Si.oi'i'Kl) OVKU." The Corvalll (lazette "Mops over" very badl, when it says " the railroad has dou bled the price of wheat, hy giving direct shipment from Oregon, in stead of heading It to San Krancl-co, and by enabling the farmer to put It Into market In the dry hoason, and before the Ixiats could take It." Conundrum : Did the Oregon rail road double tho price of wheat in San Kraucl-eo anil F.uropo '.' Another: If the railroad doubled the price of wheat in Oregon last fall, why didn't it keepltho? The price of wheat Is hubject to III! Illllllllllil III11I Willi IMIIII JtlljlitV IF. tit a. " "-u.j vnn-x iii TAXATION. .Mrs. DuillWliy colli Molluday had on it was to nd-e the i.i.iiiw i,.h... v.., v,i..,i,..- n,.,( v. price of transportation. ca aro ,,,,,,, , Portland, 7 mills lie- e are now ready to hear Mime ,,K the levy made In that city. We one give Uolladay credit for tho tlilnk ourMstor ought tube huppv high price of wool In Oregon. Thovhon she learns that In Salem we llttlMin will prolulily .speak llrst, but m:0 s mills tax for eltv, and aj who .seaks next'.' , mills forschool purposes. This, with Communication, Ktu. - Persons . ll ,ov.v of 20 or 25 mills for county will nlease send communications In- l'n-c.s, ami . uim- ro;m lax, win OUR CIT OF COFFKE. Karmers generally aro cotreodrlnk ers. It Is a tonic stimulant well hult cd to their labors and life; and in furmer'H daughter hliould consider herself ready to got married until she can make ii cup of coffee of the highest excellence. There are sov eral varieties of coffee. "Itlo," raised In South America, is tho chcapestand the poorest. " Mocha," raised In Arabla.ls the highest priced and tho best llavorcd. "Costa Ri ca," is n very good variety, and costa nllttlc more generally than "Itlo." " Java " Is the best generally kept on sale in our stores. Uut the very best variety may lie spoiled by negligence or ignorance In preparing It ; while very good coffoo may bo nrndo from tlio'poorcst variety by careful treat ment. The old bachelor editor of this paper can make good enflee-ho doubts verv much whether ho has many superiors In the coneo making line. His plan Is to take tho green berries, parch them slowly until they become such a dark brown as to break readi ly between tho teeth, stirring fre queny, to have every grain parched alike, but never -corcliing to black ness or "sweating "u single one of them. Grind tho berries to coar-e powder. Put Into your coneo pot u table .spoon level full of the ground coffee for each cupful you want to drink, then break an egg in the ground concc, thoroughly mixing it with the dry powder until you have made the whole into a thick paste. Then pour In a large cupful of cold or lukewarm water for each spoonful of ground codec and one cupful for waste, hot one the .stove and boll -lowly for half nn hour If you want It hitter boll longer. Dre.-s the hot cof fee on the table with genuine cream ; none of your.-kim-milk In ours ami is you drink this down, a beverage lit for tho gods, you will wonder I low it was ever found out that this coll'eo beau was good to u-e In this y. Well, we win ten you. Toward the middle of the fifteenth century, a poor Arab was traveling through A by. liila,auil finding him self weak and weary from fatigue, ho Mopped near a grove. Then, be ing In want of fuel to cook Ills rice, he cut down a tree which happened tobecovered with dead hurries. Ills meal being cooked and eaten, the traveler di-covered that the half burned berries were very fragrant. He collected n number of thc.se, and on crushing them with a Mono dis covered that the aroma increased to i great extent. While wondering about this he accidentally let fall (lie pounded berries into a can which contained his scanty .supply of water; and l.o ! what a miracle! The almost putrid liquid was Instant ly purltled. lie brought It to hi lips ; it was fre.sh and agreeable, and -non the traveler's energy and strength returned so he could go on his Journey. The lucky Arab gath ered as many berries as he could, and having arrived at Aidou, in Anthhi, he informed thoCioveruorol his discovery. That worthy was an litvotentto opium Hunker, and had been suffering for years from tho in fluence of that poisonous drug. He tried an infusion of the roasted ber ries, and was .-o delighted at the re covery of his own strength and vigor, that in gratitude tothotrco he called it Cahuah, which In the Antbic lan guage, signifies force. And that is the way in which coffee wis discovered. UOLLADAY ASD HIS MONOPOLY. " MAHION. April 20, 1872, Ed. Pakmkk : By seeing my namo i.i... ..mi m'III nt niwo rcenmil7.elII0 as an old and constant supporter of flm I-'AUMEH. I llllVO filVOrCCI H lor different reasons, but tho main ono is that it is sho farmers' paper, and in It they can. In every number, re ceive practical and u-eful informa tion, on different subjects, In which a....! .-. ..wwt vltnllv Interested, and enablo them to keep pace with their friends in tlio older aim more uunau ly populated portions of the world, and bo tho better able to develope our resources, and demonstnito to the outside world that wo are not inferior, in point of agricultural re sources at least, to any other State In tho Union, or any other country In tho world. Anil whilst I luivo fa- viinwl llm KAItMIMt. I llllVO lit tllO s ime time been a warm advocato of railroads. And as Ben Uolladay Is tho only man that has over practi cally attempted to build rallroaits in Oregon, I may say, I have, In my weak way, iicen a supiiorier in mi schemes. Wo are all bound to au inlr flint bad it not been for Ben Uolladay wo would have no railroads in Oregon to-day: and whilst some are opposed to them, I think that nlnoty-nlno out of every hundred of tho fanners of Oregon will ndpiit that they have been directly bene fitted by them. I don't usk every body to get stuck after Ben Uolla day, and go to him when they die, but I am In favor of giving tho dovll his due. Of cotirso he expects to make money out of his enterprises, and I, for one, hope lie will ; for if Ills roads poy largo dividends, that fact itself will invito competition; ami other ambitious and euterpris Iiil' canltallsts may find It to their interest to build railroads, and give us more, and ncrhuiHchcancr, means or transportation tiiati we now nave. Tiiero is eoriainiv plenty 01 room left in this valley for more roads than wo have yet got ; and If tho present ones pay largely, others will un doubtedly be bulit. I don't see what irood can bo accomnlished by nreju- cing tho fanners against Mr. Jlolla day, for certainly things are no wor.so t hail they were before lie came to Oregon. If lie has done us no good, he certainly has done us no harm. My opinion is, if Hie farmers and laud-owners would put our waste lands Into cultivation, and raise more wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, roots, cattle, hogs, horses, iVe., tVc, that we would not long bo complaining of nen Jioiiaiiay'h monopoly, wiuil do you say? Yours, truly, J. M. Johns. What do we say ? We will tell you. Tills "saluting" of Ben llol ladayasan Oregon railroad builder is all nonsense. The building of a railroad in this valley was only a question of time. Mr. Elliott came here and initiated all that Mr. Holla day lias carried out. Mr. Klliott let Mr. Holladay into tho railroad witli him, and Holladay let Klliott out. We do not oppo-e railroads, nei ther do wo wish to create any undue prejudice against Mr. Holladay. On the contrary, we would do all in our power to encounigo Mich enterprises in every direction, and would allow Mr. Holladay or any one else a very liberal income on his investment. But hero we stop. Nothing further than tills is he entitled to. lit-on- pone hi monopoly of (he earrylny trmle ui (he II illumette valley. Now, as to competition being in vited in cu.o tho railroad paysnrjr dividends, It is an argument after Ben Holladiiy's own heart, and we will hiiggcst to Mr. Johns how tho matter can lie made it complete suc cess. Mr. Johns Is a merchant at Marion ; his store and property are worth perhaps $15,000; let him glvo Mr. Holhtday's railroad ono half of his possessions ; and then use his influence with his farmer friends to make Mr. II. a deed for ono half of their property. This will make the railroad pay big, and will invito cap italists from abroad to conio here and build another road, in ca-o they can get tho oilier half of Mr. Johns' and his farmer friends' property. It will ultimately bo very .-evere on Mr. J. and the farmers, but it Is a fair application of our correspond ent's logic. Mr. Holladay doesn't want anything better, and if not WAS TIIK LEGISLATURE BBIBBdT Tho printed evidence or Mr. H0i iaday in tho suit of Elliott vs. Holla! day, is voluminous, and affords somo rich ldeasi Tho attorney for tno plaintiff wanted to know what mo ney had been spent by Mr. Holladay for objects outside tho "expenses of the road." After n great deal of evasion, this Is his nnswer : " I ilo not know ; we may mvp Cx. ponded let mo see there hat ben. Home money expended in (he Lenilla lure of Oreyon, and some in Wat, inyton." ' This was going too far for tho nerves of Mr. McAllister, (Holla day's attorney,) because ho know little more of such ovldenco would send his client to the penitentiary and ho quickly corrected Mr. Holla! day's evidence with this remark : " I-obbylng, you mean ; not in 'the Legislature." And tho mild-mauuorcd man, Ben responded, " Yes, sir." ' It Is known that monoy was used to bribe members of tho Legislature and wo wish to propound this conun! drum to somo legal gentleman : If It should ho proven, on investigation that Mr. Holladay furnished tho money to buy tlioso men, would ho not bo liable to an Indictment for perjury, after swearing that no mo ney had been used in tho Legisla ture ? WKALTU AND TAXATION. Tho census of 1870 shows tho pres ent distribution of wealth and taxa tion among tho States and the peo ple. Wo cannot give tho list for each State, hut only the extremes. New York Is the richest State In tho Union, and has $1-18:1.20 for each per son ; wlilio Texas Is the poorest State, having only Slfll.fJO for each person. Oregon lias $f07.00 for each person, which isalittlo below the average. The Southern States are nil poor, and go to tho bottom of the list. In taxation, Nevada heads tho list in expense, being $10.00 for each per son, while Texas is again at tho Iwt torn, paying only S1.J18 for each per son. Texas Illustrates tho scripture, "to whom little has been given, lit tle will be required." Tho taxes for each person in Oregon is $fl.!W, being below the average. The rate of tax ation on each one thousand dollars of property, stands ns follows : Nevada is the highest, being $2G..1I; whllo Delaware Is tho lowest, being only $ l.i0. Little Delaware has tbercforo the cheapest and most economical government In tho Union, while Ne vada has tho most expensive. Ore gon pays $11.20 on tho thousand dol lars, which Is a little nbovo the aver age in all tho States. These aro tho rates on actual values,uot the iis-essed values. Anotiikk Diiitv Thick. Tho in dividual who .superintends tho pas senger travel on the railroad Is wlso (?) beyond his day and generation; and Is now charged with a trick somo meaner than that perpetrated on tho school children of Salem about n year ago. After Inducing tho Odd Fellows of rortlanil and tho towns along tlio railroad lino to resolve to havo a union picnic on tho 20th itiit., at Aurora, that individual placed tho charges for n special train from Port land to Aurora, twenty-five miles, at such an exorbitant figure that thoso Interested felt forced to declino it. The liberality of the railroad compa ny will bo better understood when wo state that tho tormB were $525 for two passenger and seven freight cars, the company to havo all over that amount that might bo made by the train. Tho expenses of running special train from Portland toAuror and back would not proouoiy iiavo exceeded $100. Latk Kosb Potatoes;. Mr. T. L. Davidson has received one pound of this new variety of potato, and prom- Una in tv.iui.-f in 11.4 tllO reSlllt Of Ills lance committee, to freo herself from u.(um for, nll( ,,u loiters on business Im anything but agreeable to us up soon checked will have things in ! experience with it. It is claimed by tho cesspool of corruption that now coiiiuote.l with. tlieRvitMim. direct to re. "Something rotten in the very nearly that shape before he! ! nriln.iinr that It Is tho most lies festering In her very midst, and tho nublUhor. We make thin reoueM . strtt, r Denmark." Another year 'stops. 'prolific potato known, and equals which Is growing greater everyday? for the reason that many corrcMwiiil- r two of Mich taxation, and there Wo deprecate and abhor la wlesHiess, cuts semi their letters to MaJ. S. Fran-1 will not bo a man of any means re but we have a greater deprecation oln.at Portland. HUiMltoritil duties on 'main In the city who can sell nnd and abhorrence for a state of society the paper censed kohio time uco, nud get to some other locality. Wo re- of Portland, that forces that lawlessness upon the the re-nialllng of tho letter to us pent our quostion of some weeks ago: 'been In very people as a matter of M'lf-protoctlon, caiies him MiineoonslileroUlo trouble. Have we a Bo-s Tweed among us? last State Fair. iMi'imvixo. We are pleaed to learn that the health nf MaJ. Francis, any variety for the table. TiiKA'orMtrtoviowie wants to 1 NU-nllnuv-il liv n lllonODOl.V. W is ininmvluir. Ho has i.nr, t rw., i.Ma to swallow a feeble health since the monopoly. Won't that bo better for I tho poplo ? SS EdgsaMt-.'gBggajgws