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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (May 14, 1870)
90 . WILLAMETTE FAEMEE. Willamette $imm. .-. i . SMI'Attf I'HANCIS, Kill tor. Salem, Saturday, May 14. Fruit Culture. Tin: FiiUiT.CliiowKits' (IntiB: or, Tlio Catisu of tlio Decline of tlin Krult Tree, mid a Itemed for tliu Prune. Uy C. L. HlnkcHliM). Snlum, Oregon : A. Ij. Ktln Min, 1'rlnter. 1870. . Theru is now, and 1ms been for years, nil through tlio Western States and in Oregon, great complaint of tlic early dcoliuo of fruit trees, more especially the apple, as tliat is tlio most useful fruit of tlio country. In tlio Western States, agricultural nnd horticultural societies and distin guished individuals have acknow ledged the fact, and have sought in various ways for a remedy for the same. It lias been attributed to wot soils, to late falls and mildew, cold weather, beforo tho wood was in n condition to meet it, to varieties tin suited to the elimato and soils, and many other speculative causes. Kv cry year for the Inst fifteen years hor ticultural societies have published lists of the proper varieties of apple trees to bo cultivated, and each suc ceeding year they have given a changed list. They seem to be as far from success now a over. These being truths, we have examined tho work now beforo us with great in terest. Our modern apples are supposed be an improvement on the wild crab of Kuropo. In the wild state", the tree is as hardy as an oak. The con stant improvements changes from the original stock have doubtless weakened its vitality, and though, with careful cultivation, and under very favorable circumstances, it may last many yearn, bad cultivation will soon bo its destruction. In early times, a century ago, in the Kastorn States, chance apple seeds fell iu headlands ami in pas. lures, sprouted, and became enor mous trees without cultivation with regular and extensive heads, spreading forty feet, and the bodies measuring eight and nine feet in cir cumference. The trees, although the seed canio from ameliorated fruit, j was not many degrees better than ' the crab, though, if kept till the ucvt Iitno alter maturity, they were ipiite eatable.-. We make this statement simply as an evidence' that apple plants, started where they are to grow, the hoil being iu a propcrstate, are likely to make larger and lousier lived trees than tho present practice of transplanting. .Mr. Itlakeslee furnishes, iu his pub- lication, what he deems the cause of decline in the vitality of fruit trees, j and presents what he deems a rem edy for the evil. He begins by plant ing tlio seed ol the apple where tlio tree is to grow. We have reason to ( believe that tliu system ho propose' for its after culture will scyino tho i object proposed by him, a perfect ! tree, without trimming, growing to . good size, and forming a source of .satisfaction and profit- lor; years. The causes which ho cnutner-' groat quantity. Tho product aver atcs as uniting to make an imperfect ages 175 pounds of butter and 275 and short-lived tree, are worthy of, pounds of chcoso to each cow per the serious consideration of tho fruit-1 season. Tho wholesale prices in San eulturist. To sonic extent, these can Francisco have been beginning in bo avoided by discreet nurserymen, , the latter part of November, 70 cents seconded in their labors by those who plant' out orchards 'from the nursery. ZIr. Makeslec, perhaps, would not agree with us in tliisopin- ion. Mr. Ulakcslco's little work is written in very clear language em braces original views and is on a subject deeply interesting to penol ogists in every portion of the Unit ed States. Wo do not think it fair to him to publish further to the world his reined v for tho decline of j fruit, trees. He has been at much expenso iu making his experiments, I ami writing and publishing his work, , which can, wo presume, bo found at j all the bookstores. Tho printing is neatly done. Wo repeat that tho now viows and suggestions remedies, Mr. llliikeslco may call them, for "tho decline of the fruit tice," aro worthy of the profound consideration of all fruit growers. Dairies and Dairying in California. The Oi'crlaml Monthly for April contains an interesting article on the subject of " Dairies and Dairying in California." We aro surprised to learn the extent and amount of dai rying iu that State. Tho largest dairies aro found iu eight counties, covering the Coast Range, and reach ing into tho interffir a distance of twenty -live miles. The moNturr brought into this district by tho ocean air, gives to it a constant pas i.iu uii, urn- ii. .i n.iisiiiiii. ijik- rage. The air is humid and cool, .,; never falls, cattle thrive all tl..! turn su year upon green native herbage, and without shelter. Within the limits of those eight counties, there arc ''r,000 milch cows, subdivided into dairies of- varied magnitude. Tlio smaller, near San Francisco, furnish ' "i "v'u "" ist", iiiiiiii-ii i the inhabitants of that city with 1 n.ilk-tho others are en-aticl in the inanufacture of butter and cheese. Shatter A llonan, iu .Marin county, have iii,ooo acres of laud iu pastur age, protected by plank fence. Only butter is iiuiilc hen'; and when tho price f fresh butter i.s to cents, it Is sold, and when below that, it is pack ed for market when pi ices aroint' proved. The cows aro of tho Our-' ham and Devon breeds the best niilkei-s being produced by crossing Devon with the American cow. The ' ouantitv of butter .undo on ibis I ruiicl - " " I neb last vcir wis .inn ono iminwk illlliasijc.il .is .uu,utl() pounds. I Iipih urn nilmi- onmiiiniw .l.in... ,.u I nolo aro otnei eiioimous tlaues-, blishments. That of Steele liro- Ther I !1 lllltillllllMirC I IIMT m Ittitln titers, in San Mateo and San Lui ,.. . ... . Obispo comities, is one of them. -""" ' "" ""i.. Their pasturage is l.'i.ooo acres tho laud and improvements Mipposcd to bo worth a million ii( dollars tlio product of 'this ranch is lirst quality cheese. There aro many other largo and productive dairy establishments. The ens-on of milking begins iu De cember, and lasts eight or uino mouths. Tlio milk is rich, but not in for butter, they have dropped to 15 cents by the end of February ; ruling ! through March, April, and May at .'15 cents. On the approach of June, prices advance, going up steadily to seventy nnd soventv-fivo cents to the first of November. It is roughly es timated that 0,000,000 pounds of but ter and cheese were made in Califor nia in 1800. There were imported from tho Kast, the samo year, into California. ;in.lS8 firkins and :I15I kegs of butter. From Oregon, about l'JOO packages were received, and the same amount of eheeso from tho ,, , ,- , havteril StlltCS. , Tlio products or the dairy have greatly fallen iu price since the com pletion of the overland railroad. I Sutter can bo had in the dairy coun ties of New York for something like 20 cents per pound, and can ho sold in Sail Francisco at 30 cents. While, therefore, tho Railroad is benefiting Kastern dairymen, it is seriously re ducing tlio profits of thoso of Cali - forma. I lie low prices there, aflcct our market here. In California, it is expected that tho reduction in the cost of labor will enablo the dairy men to continue their business at a profit. They will seek a market for butter and cheese in Oriental mar- j kets. Califiii'iiiii. to sonic nvtotit. i found a market for butter and cheese iu Oregon. That time has passed. I AVe have butter makiM-s and clicese i ,.,,, f:i,.t, ,. n- .1,., 1 u - '"i "..rpi".iiii.io i cannot be excelled anywhere. Let ! !,,,, ,,. I..:.. I..:.. . in l " their uismoss steadily, I T U,,,r h?"? 'V"1 7 wi" fT' drive out the foreign articles and the miserable groan' and the white-oak ' cheese, by which our market is dis graced. Let our butter makers put j up butter, of lirst quality, and " no ' mistake," in kegs for family uo, and . ... ... ,.., ,-, . .... 1,'7 VU '"", T ' .''""' ' ' i""1 w,,,,e,r li fVr vwc' "'"! t,,0-V' too, can look for an extension of their rates in Oriental markets. Oi:i:io.v ami Xi:w Vom; Daikiks. .Mr. T. .1. Iitisseyaof U'ayno conn- ly,X. JW,-, gives a statement of , ino cosi oi Keeping ami prom on i four cows in 1800 : Snlcs of butter, calves, ninl Hrk . . . Sj.V.17 70 '"t of l:tvilii!;. Iiiclinllni; liuri'luiMi' """'K- ' ? " lmuis jimtlt of iiiwn Wi; 70 ,,r"lh "" ",ch ',S7 u 1m 'H'"it with this, wo give a 4. . . Tl . "tateinont ol .Mr. II. 1M. Humphrey, I . , "ear rortliiiul, OrC'OH, wlucli we ' . '"", '" ,,u' A'""' M,n ' '. Jin I 'l".v ""'I v m 100: ! Snlcs of lilltter. calve. IHirk, Vc..AI.97l 0l C,,,, . k..,,i,i, ' Tin n . ... . LonvIiijuirolU.... I'rollt on each, .. . 1.07.1 0(1 IWii- The New Yorker is a little ahead, not much. Tho statement shows ! that Kastern dairies aro little better ' than our own. Thcio nn.'oT persons under 21 years I of age iu tho California penitentiary. I 0 K.. GcIJLmTL,, STATU STIIKKT, .... 8AIjK.1I, Importer, Wholesale, and Itctnll dealer In School and Blank Books, STATIONERY, IVIiBgical IiistiD'uiueuts, .MANILLA AND STIIAW WRAPPING PAPER, At. Ac, Ac. ' SLK AnEXT vm T,,E "- j MaSOn & Hamlin Organ which took the nt premium nt the paws kxpo. ! lrt'l()N. l.c.I.lv- S.MnlyllViMii.lilnnil Mlvir.Mfil- nl at other IMilMtloiii-. ' II.iw nl-ii tlK-iwiirvrnr ll:e MAIISCIIAM, It , .MnT.u;imi.isiiiii.ry.K i.idoli'i i-A-asros. Tlinowhni!clri PIANOS or OlIOAXS cnnUo iliwl nn I 'IV i lietter here than In s.nn ! raiicl-rn or 1'ortl.iiiil, Kvcry nrlety wf SCHOOL HOOKS nuil In tliu State, lourUiilly on IiiiikI, mill Tor nlo at liolcMile cir retnll, Mv rtixk lit NI2W anil tlin inot coiunlele mirtli of San Kmielrcii. nmt n bought licforu the de cline In tliu price ofvoM. J. K. ttll.I., Ap2-ly. Statu (trect. f akin, Un-gun. Church Music Books. 1 " T'-.iaup $,!$$? l: ,,00,;-' .m:w i.ptk op zio.nv "51. II. IIVMN jNI) Tl'Ni: HOOK," (new), IS """NT.W OAlt.MINA H.U'ltA," IIIAPASO.V." "TIIIIMPII." Kiir wile liy Initio, copy, iWcn, or hnnilml nt Ap'. J. K. (ilLIS. ST. HELEN'S HALL, i'oktijAM), oiiiw.o.n. ! B0AKDIXG llllll DAY SCHOOL For C3-ixl- vhtl "' 'f'' Iwsl II Tumdar, I'oiirmiry int. rvi'orc rrnlini iirtiTinmif mini mIoii apply to I nU "'""""'"" " Fruit-Growers Guide. a littli: vom-mi: o. Tin: Cause of tho Decline of the Fruit Tree, Ami .1 i(i:.tii:iv i-ou tiii: sa?ii:. jiii iHiinuiitii 111111 Mr nale. Prlce.Hisoenpy.Jl. j waix ...uunrr satenM.m,: iu-fmnce.-AiLil,sV!-j!-Vi!an&,.r Jiil pulill.lieil unit fur nle. Prlri'.tliigltiriipy.jl. Marlon iiiimlv. II. II. Kin-. W. I'.iiil,.!. Ital.tiin, S. 11. Mcrey, .i. ii, i-iiriirii, or i.iunni. Sal.in, April v. ls:u. CHOICE SMALL FRUITS. ,. ri,IIIIAVr. ' I ll.t' 1.1V..11 lLt..l V.bI (.MIiI 1b.I. .. .. v ".j .' . .i.--j i .... .tin, in j nil. .ii i'j tninnlliuiry Ue, mill Iji-i rs llneenip.. .1IISSOIIICI .HAI.IIOTII 1II.ACK. Ill'.ltllV, ('1.11111111 tn bo I'.N'OltMnt'S lii nlzn ami tinulml. Iveue, wi) nweei a -non on Mack. llli no core, anil PKIIPKCTI.V Iianlv, never liavliij. teen wlu- ler.klll.'il. WILSON'S i:lll, V llljA4'Klli:itV, " ;' . --.., iivii turn (it'll I , it Mil p; y'r? . early, intiun- wiiiiin eek,.e n..,if tlu liltlu m aluea n.i earlvvarleiy. kittatix.w m.AfKiiiiitiiv, i.in.-.- m mt hr... . .i,. ..i.... w.k: -mcci. ery liw. M.i.k. wiv. rich unit irooili mill fci.i...7..i ..ii.:... . i ' . .1 "......" '...": pu.Vt Tmii.'K .KniiWSirP aniitfiir tu llie week.; I. not mlijeet to Ihi' null. of tiioLawton: perfntiyiiani). DAVISON'S TIIOIIM.l.SS ltASl'lll!!!. . ICI1.S, Kaily, lmnly, Iilack nnJjriry w.s't HOSKV, Choice varlctlc on liaml. All l!lt abniv fur rjte liy V. V. HOVAI,, March It). P.itton'ii Illoek, Salem, Children's Carriages. 4 COMPI.KTK ASSOIITMEXT, Jl'ST 11U J.X. cctveU per lurk Wcufuvt, at .pi. i. K OIU.'S.