February 13, 2019 The Skanner Portland & Seattle Page 11
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Iranian
cont’d from pg 9
After the revolution,
many Iranian immi-
grants sought to distance
themselves from the up-
heaval in their homeland
by calling themselves
Persian. The second gen-
eration, Karim said, has
identified more often
as Iranian-American to
show pride in their her-
itage and their U.S. citi-
zenship.
But these newer gen-
erations have grappled
with the sense that no
matter how American
they become, they are
perceived as different by
American society, said
Neda Maghbouleh, a so-
ciology professor at Uni-
versity of Toronto, Mis-
sissauga, who was born
and raised in the United
States and wrote a book
about
Iranian-Ameri-
cans’ experiences.
“The kind of exilic
identity that first gen-
eration Iranian-Ameri-
cans have had has been
something that has not
necessarily translated to
second generation use,”
she said. “They’re prod-
ucts of an environment
that has been incredibly
hostile to the Middle East
more broadly, to Iran
more specifically.”
“The second genera-
tion has in many ways
seen itself as a racial mi-
nority,” she said.
The Iranian-American
community is itself di-
verse and includes Jews,
Muslims, Zoroastrians
and others with diverse
views and a shared tie to
Iranian culture. Many
Guns cont’d from pg 8
appeals process play out
before moving forward,”
Jones said.
Lincoln County Sher-
iff Wade Magers noted
more than 75 percent of
voters in his small coun-
ty just west of Spokane
voted against the initia-
tive. He called the new
rules unenforceable.
On the flip side, the
sheriff ’s offices in King
County, which includes
Seattle, and Clark Coun-
ty, near Portland, Ore-
gon, have said they will
enforce the measure
while it is being chal-
lenged in court.
Carla Tolle of Kelso, in
Cowlitz County, north of
Portland, is an initiative
supporter whose grand-
son was shot to death by
a friend wielding a shot-
gun in 2017 in what was
ultimately ruled an acci-
dental shooting.
She said she was
“shocked,
devastated,
dumbfounded” to learn
Cowlitz County Sher-
iff Brad Thurman said
he will not enforce the
stricter gun rules until
the legal case is resolved.
“He saw firsthand what
happened with an un-
secured firearm,” Tolle
said. “He saw the effect
on both families.”
Spokane County Sher-
iff Ozzie Knezovich has
criticized the initiative
while also decrying
“grandstanding” sheriffs
who decline to enforce it.
Hopkins, of the Alli-
ance for Gun Respon-
sibility, noted only a
relatively small number
of Washington’s law en-
forcement leaders are
speaking against the
measure, while many
others support it.
The NRA and the Bellev-
ue-based Second Amend-
ment Foundation sued in
U.S. District Court in Se-
attle in mid-November,
saying the initiative vi-
olates the Second and
14th amendments of
the Constitution as well
as gun sellers’ rights
under the Commerce
Clause.
“This measure will
have a chilling effect
on the exercise of the
constitutional
rights
of
honest
citizens
while having no impact
on criminals, and we
will not let it go unchal-
lenged,” Second Amend-
ment Foundation Execu-
tive Vice President Alan
M. Gottlieb said when the
lawsuit was filed.
The lawsuit does not di-
rectly challenge the parts
of the law pertaining to
enhanced background
checks or training re-
quirements.
However,
the groups asked the
court to block the entire
law pending a determi-
nation of whether those
provisions can be sep-
arated from the parts
they are seeking to block:
those related to sales to
those under 21 and to
out-of-state residents.
The state has asked the
judge to dismiss the case.
are quick to distinguish
between the govern-
ments of Tehran and
Washington and the
people of both countries,
who they see as mutually
friendly.
And many see a com-
mon need to expose the
new generation to Irani-
an culture.
In the Southern Cali-
fornia city of Irvine, an
Iranian community or-
ganization offers week-
end language and dance
classes. At the library,
families bring their chil-
dren to mark key mo-
ments throughout the
year, such as the spring-
time Persian New Year
celebration Nowruz.
In Berkeley, just out-
side San Francisco, a
preschool has grown to
include a private ele-
mentary school program
that immerses children
in Farsi, Arabic and
Hebrew. Yalda Modab-
ber, executive director
of Golestan Education,
said she started the
preschool more than a
decade ago when she
wanted to teach Farsi to
her first child. She re-
cently expanded to ele-
mentary school grades
at the urging of parents
who wanted their chil-
dren to continue the in-
struction.
Aliah Najmabadi, 40,
has sent her two older
sons to the Berkeley pre-
school. Born in the U.S.,
Najmabadi said her Ira-
nian father came to the
country to study in the
early 1970s and met her
mother, a South Dakotan
of Norwegian descent.
While she grew up
speaking English, Na-
jmabadi said she was sur-
rounded by the Persian
culture and language
when her father’s family
came over from Iran in
the years after the revo-
lution, and she wanted to
learn more.
She went on to study
Farsi, but said she still
struggles to understand
everything her Iranian
grandmother says. Now,
her 8-year-old son helps
translate, she said, and
her father — who some-
times questioned her
desire to learn the lan-
guage — has been moved
emotionally.
“Once my son started
speaking fluently, he was
floored. His heart melt-
ed,” Najmabadi said of
her father. “As people get
older in the community, I
think it is really import-
ant for my kids to know
the language.”
This version corrects the
spelling of the professor’s
last name, Maghbouleh.
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Briefs cont’d from pg 10
it occurred, including
her husband.
Strangers’
Suspicions
Rankle Parents
of Mixed-Race
Children
PHOENIX (AP) —
Amberkatherine
DeCory carried pho-
tos of her daughter’s
birth certificate in
her diaper bag in case
she had to prove that
the
lighter-skinned
girl was really hers.
Cydnee Rafferty gives
her husband a letter
explaining that he has
permission to travel
with their 5-year-old
biracial daughter.
Families like theirs
were not surprised
when they heard that
Cindy McCain had
reported a woman to
police for possible hu-
man trafficking because
the widow of Sen. John
McCain saw her at the
airport with a toddler of
a different ethnicity. Of-
ficers investigated and
found no evidence of
wrongdoing.
Parents whose children
have a different complex-
ion say they regularly
face suspicion and the as-
sumption that they must
be watching someone
else’s kids.
“This is a problem that,
to be frank, well-mean-
ing white people get
themselves into,” said
Rafferty, who is Afri-
can-American and whose
husband is white. “They
think, ‘If it doesn’t make
sense to me it must not be
right.”
After McCain’s report,
Rafferty posted to Twit-
ter a selfie of her with her
two children, ages 5 and 5
months.
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