Page 6A EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD,
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Hern ar two
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Ttall itf
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Aypp for the city's approximately 500,000 Jews. The razed tenements
CCl have gone from the scene and these apartment buildings erected
in their place.
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Fear and Feeling 0 Quilt
Increasing in South Arica
By RICHARD R. KASISt 11KK
Of ths Atftucialvd 1'ren
DAR ES SALAAM. Tanganyika South Africa has a heritage today of fear, hatred and guilty
conscience. Hatred is the oldest of the three elements. Fear is increasing, and so, apparently,
U I widespread feeling of Built among the whites who rule the country.
These are the impressions ot this correspondent, who has just lctt South Africa after a three
year assignment there.
Antigovernmcnt sabotage is increasing. Police drives against Poqo, the African underground
terrorist organization, bring headlines.
But Prime Minister Henrtrik Vcrwoerd's government has many guns, and is making and buy
ing more daily. Furthermore, South Africa still lias a row of while-ruled states between it and
the wave of nationalism that has turned nations to the north over to black rule.
Since the Congo explosion of nearly three years ago it has been stiffening the determination
of the white minority to stand and fight for what they now hold.
Verwoerd's government has quadrupled military-police spending in recent years, expanded
those two forces and opened new plants for manufacture of small arms and ammunition. It is
buying abroad the warships and planes it cannot manufacture.
Now 10,()(M) trained men arc ready to smash any internal revolt, or to repel any "African
Nationalist Communist in- . .
vasion," the reason the gov
ernment gives for its record
peacetime arming.
Thousands more can he
called up on short notice. In
nearly every sizable town
police reserve corps and vigi
lante groups could spring into
action the moment the new
nationwide commando police
communications network
spreads .an alarm.
The militant determination
of Vcrwoerd's Afrikaner na
tionalists is repeatedly ex
pressed with hluntness: To
hold vast and enormously rich
South Africa as a last re
doubt of "Christianity and
Western civilization against a
reversal to primitiveness and
chaos."
Barking up Verwoerd is his
tough minister of justice, Bal
thazar Johannes Vorster. Ho
Is regarded as the No. 2
strongman next to Verwoerd,
swinging I he cudgels at al
leged saboteurs and subver
sives, black and while.
White liberals say Vorster
Is one of the biggest obstacles
to chances for an eleventh
hour p e a c e ( u 1 solution to
South Africa's racial prob
lems. Vorster, 47, was interned as
a Nazi sympathizer during
World War II. For years he
held off Joining the National
party because he considered
its policies too lame on racial
and other issues. He became
minister of justice in August
ll)l.
The press supporting the
government depicts him as a
gleaming St. lieorge slaying
dragons labeled "Poqo,"
snakes labeled "Communist
sabotage" or rats labeled "Lib-erals-Cryptoeomiminisls."
For the past car Vorster
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Loch Lomond Bonnie Banks
Soon to Support New Dam
HALLOCll. Scotland i. Loch Lomond of the tionnie,
bonnie banks is going to be dammed up to supply a wide arm
of central Scotland with fresh water.
The high road tu the lake will become a bit lower Steps
lll be Uken to Insure that the low road doesn't disappcr
Itogether in the 7 million pound I 1 9 ft million) project.
The secretary of state for Scotland has given the to-ahead
to a plan to put Loch Lomond on tap. It will provide up to
100 million gallons of (rrsh water a day for new industries all
over the industrial belt of Scotland
The natural rise and fall of the inland loch as a result of
rain and drought will he controlled by a dam across the Riser
Lcven, which runs from Loch Lomand down to the River Clsde.
The control point will time a special fih 'ladder" to ailow
salmon up to the loch. It will alto have a rami system for the
pasagc of small craft.
Sunday, April 21, lta
raw
views of Dart of fhe central
in 1955 in reconstruction of the city which was almost totally rle
VjllGllO stroyed by Nazi Germany after Warsaw ghetto uprising in 1943.
area mat me iazi government crucicu a wan as a pen
Rudolph Hess Termed
Thoroughly Vicious Man
HKIU.IN W Adolf Hitler's onetime deputy, Rudolf Hess,
will he 09 Friday behind bars at Spandau War Crimes Prison.
It will be his 22nd birthday as a prisoner. He was captured iu
May, 1041, when he flew to Scotland.
There will be no birthday greeting and no special treat
ment fur the former deputy fuehrer. If he continues the pat
tern set several years ago, it's a safe bet that he will spend
the day harassing, his guards.
"He is a thoroughly vicious man and always tries to get
a guard or other prison worker into trouble," a knowledgeable
source said recently.
"He will ask guards and warders to do things which he
knows arc against prison rules. Then, when one of them com
plies because he feels sorry for the old man, Hess reports him
to an officer."
Hess refuses to receive visitors although he is allowed one
30-mimilc visit a month.
He is serving a life term for war crimes. The only other
prisoners in Spandau, Baldur von Schirach and Albert Specr,
are serving 20 years.
The prison is ruled jointly by the United States, the Soviet
Union, llntain and France. Troops of the lour nations rotate
the major guard duty.
has been on the attack against
what he calls "the white in
citer who lurks behind the
black saboteur." His police
round up hundreds of Poqo
suspects. They bring dozens
of Africans into court on sa
botage charges some facing
possible death sentences.
The Ministry of Justice has
imposed house arrest for
terms up to five years and
silenced scores of South Afri
cans of all races. The ministry
is pushing efforts to seat off
the three neighboring British
protectorates of Basutoland,
Swaziland and llcchuanaland.
Daubing of antigovernmcnt
slogans in public places is
-1
area of Warsaw, shown
punishable by six months In
prison. Slogan painters work
ing at night use indelible
paint for "Hang Vorster" and
"Vorster Is a Nazi" signs on
bridges and w alls in Johannes
burg, Cape Town and Durban.
Vorstcr's reply to charges
of repressive laws and actions:
"1 have no apologies. I get my
power from a democratically
elected Parliament."
It is Nationalist-controlled
and whitc-dnminatcd.
The lihcral-mimlcd Johan
nesburg Star, an Foolish-language
paper, says power is nut
enough and efforts must still
be maile toward some kind of
racial harmony.
A combined note of plain
thencss and determination is
increasing among many South
African whiles who are not
ardent nationalists.
When this correspondent
left South Africa a surprising
number ot whites said fare
well along these lines:
"Now don't say too harsh
tilings about us after you've
gone Ucniember our prob
lems. Remember we built up
tins countrv, snd nut the
blacks.
"U we hul to give it up,
where would we go? The Bel
gians from the Congo could
go back to Belgium, the
trench from Algeria back to
France, the Dutch from the
Fast Indies back to Holland
We've got no place to go. snd
that's why we haxe to stay
and fuht, it neccMary."
Infamous Event of 20 Years
Warsaw Qhetto All But Erased
WARSAW, Poland Des
perate, doomed resistance
broke out 20 years ago last
week behind one of Europe's
most infamous walls.
It was the Warsaw ghetto
uprising against Nazi Ger
many which ended with de
struction of the walledup
area in the center of this
capital. Nearly all the occu
pants were killed.
Today, no traces remain of
the red brick and grey stone
walls built 12 to 15 feet high
by the Nazis in 1940 as a pen
for Warsaw's approximately
500,000 Jews. The razed tene
ments are gone too, except
for a handful of reconstruct
ed buildings and one or two
ruins.
In their place are block
after block of postwar apart
ment buildings. Many are
four stories in Soviet archi
tecture of the Stalinist pe
riod. Some, in more modern
style, are of eight floors. A
few rise from grassy embank
ments created by the rubble
of the prewar city.
The ghetto occupants and
fighters are being remem
bered with ceremonies
throughout Poland and some
foreign countries, including
the United States.
President Kennedy In a
proclamation last month
asked Americans to observe
the anniversary of the up
rising. He called the resist
ance "an inspiration, to the
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you are
Spotlight
peace-loving peoples of the
world and a warning to
would-be oppressors which
will be long remembered."
Josef Cyrankiewicz, prime
minister of the Polish Com
munist government and a sur
vivor of Auschwitz concentra
tion camp, is patron of the
Polish observance. Warsaw
scheduled a civic memorial
program in addition to the
annual laying of wreaths at
the grctto monument, a two
story structure ironically
made of granite which Poles
say was brought here for a
monument to Hitler.
The monument dominates a
still - unfinshed square at
Zemcnhoffa and Aniewliwcza
Streets, facing the burned-out
skeleton of the building that
once housed the Jewish com
munity's headquarters.
Only a few thousand Jews
remain in Warsaw and fewer
than 50,000 in all of Poland.
The square is near the cen
ter of the irregularly shaped
former ghetto which the Naz
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is fenced with 3 or 4 miles of
wall, barbed wire and evacu
ated buildings in somewhat
the same fashion as the Com
munists walled off East and
West Berlin.
Fighting broke put at 6 a.m.
April 19, 1943, when SS (Nazi
elite guard) troops moved in
to the ghetto to end resis
tance against a German cam
paign to move the city's re
maining Jewish population
out of Warsaw.
Starting in July 1942, more
than 315.000 Jews had been
transported from the ghetto,
ostensibly for resettlement,
but actually to gas chambers
in nearby Treblinka extermi
nation camp, says the Jewish
Historical Institute of War
saw. When word of the killings
reached Warsaw, political fac
tions in the ghetto, from Com
munist to right wing, joined
in organizing resistance
groups and urged the 60,000
or so remaining Jews to sell
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their lives as dearly as possi
ble. Led by a tank and two arm
ored cars, the first German
units to enter the ghetto met
a hail of sniper fire and Molo
tov cocktails and retreated.
Stronger Nazi attacks within
two or three days forced most
of the Jews into sewers and
tunnels, where they had
stored food and water. The
Germans flooded the sewers
and on April 23 Good Fri
day set fire to the ghetto,
block by block.
Some Jews escaped through
the walls by tunnels or
through buildings.
"If you had a friend living
near the edge you might be
able to get out. Or if you had
no friend, you paid money to
escape through someone's
house . . . The Poles were not
particularly good to Jews, but
they did not denounce them
to the Nazis. The Roman
Catholic clergy disinterested
ly saved many children", said
one Warsaw Jewish girl who
hid in a convent.
The girl recalled: "Smoke
was pouring from the entire
ghetto quarter. Outside the
wall, trams sped by without
stopping.
"Nearly all the houses were
set afire to smoke the peo
ple out just like animals
from holes. I saw people
throw a pillow out of the
window and jump. I -couldn't
sec what happened to them.
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By GENE KRAMER
Of the AsiocUtrtf Pre
"It was the time of Easter
and there was a carousel out
side 'he wall. What a great
contrast between the people
enjoying the holiday outside
and those inside."
Using flame throwers and
some smoke bombs the SS
gradually wore down the re
sistance. By May 15 the Ger
mans felt the uprising had
been quelled and blew up
Tlomackic Synagogue, War
saw's largest. The Jew ish His
torical Institute stands on the
spot today. There is one mod
est synagogue in another part
of Warsaw.
The late SS Maj. Gen.
Jucrgen Stroop reported to
his superiors that up to May
16, "of the total r.f 56,065
captured, about 7,000 were
exterminated within the
former Jewish residential
area and 6,929 by transport
ing them to Treblinka. . . be
yond the number of 56.065
Jews, an estimated 5,000 to
6.000 were killed by explo
sions or in fires."
Stroop was captured by the
Western allies and delivered
to Poland, which tried and
executed him as a war crim
inal. Sporadic battles actually
continued in the ghetto until
early July, with occasional
fighting into September be
tween German troops and
small bands of men and wom
en fleeing from tunnel to
tunnel and sewer to sewer.
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