Page SB EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Thurs., March 7, 1963
By Lane County Circuit Judge
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Probation Called 'Best Medicine We Have' for Crime
"Probation is no wonder drug that can cure crime. It is
limply the best medicine we have today.".
Lane County Circuit Judge Roland Rodman made that
declaration Tuesday before members of the Eugene Rotary
Club.
"Prisons as they operate today," he said, "are an anachro
nism. And I predict that in the lifetimes of many of us, pris
ons will become limited to the psychopathic criminal."
The concept of probation, said Rodman, is a relatively
modern-day concept. Jn the United States, Massachusetts was
the first state to adopt a probation law in 1B78, he said. Texas
became the 48th state to adopt one in 1947.
Prisons have failed to reform criminals, Rodman said. Nine
teen out of every 20 prison inmates today will be freed, he
said, "and three out of four of them will commit offenses
again."
The concept of probation followed early English common
law, he said, where the rule was "an eye for an eye" and
where any number of offenses were considered capital
crimes.
During the reign of King Henry VIII, he said, 70,000 per
sons were executed in England, an average of six a day. And
as late as 1800 there were still 200 offenses considered pun
ishable by death.
Some offenders were sentenced to 10 or 20 years in soli
tary confinement. "The results were insanity, not reformation,"
he said.
Criminal law, he said, traditionally was based on a three
fold purpose: To reform, to deter others from committing
similar offenses, and as retribution or revenge.
The third purpose was considered a natural one under
English common law. But today, said Rodman, "the over
whelming majority of judges and religious leaders feel that
revenge is not a part of criminal law."
If that is agreed upon, he said, then the only remaining
purpose of criminal law is to reform and to deter. "Yet tra
ditional methods of punishment have failed in these," he said.
"The severity of the sentence does not deter the criminal,"
Rodman said. In fact, he said, "the longer the incarceration,
the more likely is the convict to commit crimes again,"
In Oregon, he said, a defendant may be placed on probation
at the discretion of the judge, with the exception of crimes
involving certain sex offenses and in some cases where there
has been assault with a deadly weapon.
Before a person is placed on probation, he said, a proba
tion officer prepares a thorough case history of the defendant,
which usually takes from three to four weeks and includes
such information as a record of employment, schooling, fam
ily background, personality traits and aggravating or mitigat
ing circumstances. A judge places much dependence on the
probation report, he said, before reaching a decision.
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Register-Guard Want Ads Get Quick Results
Proponent of YCC
Cites Lane Project
By A. ROBERT SMITH
For the Reg Ister-Uuard
WASHINGTON (Special)
When Attorney General Robert
F. Kennedy urged Congress to
authorize creation of a Youth
Conservation Corps, he cited as
a favorable example of success
in this field an Oregon fores
try work camp set up in Lane
County by state and county au
thorities in 1961.
"Twenty boys took part," Ken
nedy advised the Senate Labor
Committee. "They were neither
juvenile delinquents nor 'AH
Americans,' but more or less
average youngsters from im
poverished families, who had
begun to lose serious interest in I
schools.
"These boys worked on full-
scale Forestry Department proj
ects that summer clearing and
pruning, thinning and park
building. Officials agree that
the program was a total success.
The boys did one-third more
work than average adult crews,
according to State Forestry De
partment estimates. But, most
important, they all returned to
school with increased enthusi
asm." This was held up a a prime
example of what the Kennedy
Administration would liko to en
courage throughout the country
through a YCC program pat
terned largely on the Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC) of
the Roosevelt Administration.
President Kennedy has this pro
posal high on his legislative
priority list for 1063.
This is the first major bill to
be taken up in hearings by both
Senate and House. Among its
numerous sponsors arc Sen.
Maurine B. Neuberger, Rep.
Edith Green and Sen. Wayne
Morse.
The YCC would be composed
of young men from 16 to 22
years of age who would enroll
for six months at a time and
serve up to two years. They
would bo paid $60 per month
and receive subsistence and
health care.
The administration wants to
start with 13,000 boys the first
year and build up to 60,000 in
each of the next four years of
the program. The YCC boys
would be used for conservation
work in the national forests and
parks and other recreational
areas primarily; but one-third
of the Corps would be available
for cooperative projects with
the states in state parks, for
example, for which the state
would pay half the cost.
When half the members of
the Kennedy cabinet went to
Capitol Hill last week to urge
approval of this bill, they cited
two primary reasons for reviv
ing what was a depression-era
program:
1. There are about 700,000
out-of-school unemployed youths,
and the number is constantly
rising. This is not only true in
the cities but also in rural areas
due to the decline in agriculture
labor requirements.
2. There is a vast accumula
tion of laborious tasks that
would help conserve many nat
ural resources and improve and
extend recreational facilities for
an outdoor-conscious expanding
population.
Labor Secretary W. Willard
Wirtz, whose department would
administer tho YCC program,
estimates the cost per boy at
$3,985 annually, not counting
cost of materials used in work
projects. The proposed federal
budget for the coming fiscal
year includes $60 million to I
start the program with 15,000
boys.
SEHS Junior
Wins Legion
Speech Test
John Gillespie of Eugene, a
junior at South Eugene High
School, has been named district
winner in an American Legion
oratorial contest.
He will participate Saturday
in the stale competition in Port
land. Gillespie, the son of Mr. and
Mrs. Darwin K. Gillespie of
2075 McMillan St., Eugene, won
the right to represent the dis
trict in the competition last
Saturday, at competition in Eu
gene.
The competition held for high
school students in the American
Legion's District No. 3, includ
ing Lane, Linn and Benton
counties, was on a topic dealing
with the United States Constitu
tion. Gillespie, as first place win
ner, received the W. Walter
Stuart oratorial trophy, a new
award for his school and a $25
bond.
Runner-up was Edward Smith,
also a junior at South Eugene
High School. He is the son of
Mr. and Mrs. George E. Smith,
480 E. 32nd Ave., Eugene.
Smith's prize was an Amer
ican Legion medal.
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