EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Tuesday, Jan. 1, 1963 Page S
Washington,
By SID MOODY
Of th6 Alloc tiled FrcM
If the White House-Kremlin
tie ljne is ever installed, it
might be a busy one.
For when Khrushchev it up
pacing the floor, chances are
President Kennedy is, too. They
both have the same problems.
A review of the leading
tones of 1962 shows anew that
most of the major ones involved
both the United States and
Soviet Russia.
Cuba, space, Berlin, disarma
ment, nuclear testing, South
Viet Nam, India's border war
with China they caused head
aches in Moscow and Washing
ton. Even stories that seem at first
of purely domestic concern had
overtones that touched the op
posite capital. Russia used the
stock market crash of last May
and the Oxford riots over James
Meredith to document its propa.
ganda campaigns that the Unit-,
d States is awash with bigotry
and Wall Street imperialists.
The United States, which pro
duced record crops in 1962 to
overflow the surplus bins even
further, could hardly miss the
significance of the Kremlin's
admited failure of its agricul
tural plans and the resultant
shakeup of its bureaucracy.
And Washington, burdened
with a chronic unemployment
problem that lessened but still
lingered in 1962, could take
some comfort from the Russian
announcement several months
ago that 47,000 workers had
found Siberia less than a good
place to work and had walked
off the job.
India was an embarrassment
to both parties. Both Khrushchev-
and Kennedy- found
themselves offering arms to
Nehru to resist the invasion of
Russia's surly protege, Com
munist China. This got Russia's
Chinese ally mad and there was
Between U.S., Poland
Economic, Political
Relations in Trouble
By GENE KRAMER
Of tb Associated Praia
WARSAW, Poland Relations
between the United States and
Poland could take a turn for
the worse in 1963. The next few
days or weeks may set the
course.
One indication will be wheth
er Poland pays its annual $4
million installment on $40 mil
lion in compensation for Ameri
can private property national
ized in the Communist takeover.
The third annual payment is
due the first week of January
but the Warsaw government has
not disclosed its exact inten
tions. Competent sources say
Poland recently warned the
United States it may default on
the payments because of con
gressional action last fall af
fecting Polish exports to Ameri
ca. Cancellation of the payment
could start a downward spiral
in the economic and political
relations which have developed
between America and Poland in
recent years.
The Poles have accused the
United States of bad faith be
cause Congress included in the
new foreign trade act a clause
calling on the President to can
cel tariff concessions, known as
"most favored nation treat
ment" now granted Poland and
Yugoslavia.
The concessions have not
been revoked yet. There still
appears to be a possibility that
before taking too drastic action,
the Poles might wait for anoth
er move by the U. S. administra
tion or Congress.
Polish authorities contend
U.S. negotiators morally obli
gated their government to grant
Poland "most favored nation"
treatment at the time the prop
erty claims agreement was
worked out in 1959. There is no
legal connection, however.
Several congressmen who vis
ited Warsaw recently expressed
T962 at Capital
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a noticeable cooling by Pakistan
towards Uncle Sam'a stepped up
weapons aid to the Nehru re
gime it mistrusts.
There was another meeting of
minds between the Kremlin and
the capital a Kind of cold war
horse trade. The U.S. swapped
Russian spy Rudolf Abel in ex
change for U2 pilot Frances
Gary Powers, who a few months
later found himself in a divorce
action with his wife.
The chronic sore point be
tween the two great powers
Berlin festered mightily dur
ing the early part of the year.
It looked as though Russia fin
ally intended to live up to its
latest deadline to sign an East
German peace treaty, thereby
making a Berlin blockade a
definite possibility.- But the
United States got there first
with its own blockade, of Cuba,
and the tough talk over Berlin
faded into uneasy silence.
Russia and the U.S. domi
nated negotiations that finally
surprise at hearing U.S. officials
talk of- such a moral obligation,
They said that while ths Ken
nedy administration had op
posed cancelling the trade con
cession for Poland and Yugo
slavia, they had not been in
formed in Washington of any
connection with the claims
agreement.
Besides commercial trade, Po
land is looking to America again
as a source of wheat, needed
particularly because of a bad
1962 harvest. After repeated
delay, talks began in Washing
ton in late November on a Po
lish request for new shipments
of surplus wheat on long-term
credit. Progress, if sny, has not
been announced.
Poland owes $425 million for
surplus U.'S. foodstuffs import
ed since 1957 on 40-year credit.
Officials say repayment, due to
start in 1967, depends on op
portunities for Poland to earn
American dollars.
Polish exports to the United
Slates have been growing stead
ily since 1960 and now run about
$40 million dollars a year. But
Polish sources claim orders are
leveling off, partly as a result
of congressional hostility toward
East-West trade and sporadic
boycotts by U.S. anti-Commu
nist groups.
Polish ham, a major export,
would not be affected by the
loss of "most favored nation
treatment." But Polish officials
say the change would hit bi
cycles and other simple ma
chine goods they hope to move
on the American market.
Crop failures and other eco
nomic troubles have prompted
Poland's regime to give more
emphasis than ever to boosting
exports and conserving hard
currency. An deterioration of
U.S.-Folish economic relations
thus Would be certain to lower
the modest degree of American
influence with Warsaw.
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Moscow Had
J WASHINGTON
resulted in a truce in Laos. It
was more of an uneasy cease
fire which did not remove
American suspicions that Com
munist troops remained In the
Laotian hinterlands. But it did
remove the prospect of a grow
ing U.S. involvement in an area
the Pentagon felt was all but
indefensible.
Next door, however, in South
Viet Nam, the United States
waged a growing campaign
against the Communist Viet
Cong that approached all-out
year-lilNI I
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war. Both sides increased their
committment; neither got a de
cision. Both Russia and the United
States spoke urgently of the
need to cease nuclear testing.
And both tested devastating
weapons. One an American rock
et lit, up the skies 800 miles
away ' in Honolulu. A Russian
blast in the Arctic was esti
mated at 40 megatons, about 40
times as great as the power of
a warhead in the Minuteman,
solid-fueled rocket the U.S. be
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Similar Problems in '62
MOSCOW
gan to make operative at year's
end.
The Rusians lifted the Iron
Curtain a crack by offering to
allow robot seismic devices
nicknamed "little black boxes"
on Soviet territory to monitor
nuclear tests. The Western pow
ers said such detection was in
sufficient. The race in space was a nose
cone-to-nose cone affair. The
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shot three Amer
ican astronauts around the
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1962 at tfi Kremlin
Khmhchtv Mhtfts fn
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NS
puontU tramfa tgrjt,
UtOt
47,000 wolc iff Sbsriai job;
MTHinS
Stain, I id OuMSt wwk '
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earth. John Glenn became a na
tional hero for his 3-orbit trip,
which almost seemed common
place when astronaut Walter
Schirra doubled it several
months later.
Then the Russians swept away
any American smugness when,
in August, they orbited two
cosmonauts at the same time.
One, Mai. Andrian Mikolayev.
stayed up almost four days. Just
before Christmas a United
States Mariner satellite passed
within hailing distance of Venus
i
STOO
Coats '1900
and radioed back closeup data.
Both Kennedy and Khrushchev
had some governmental prob
lems of their own. Kennedy
found the going a little slow
with Congress, asked for a more
amenable one in the fall elec
tion and still wasn't sure he
had got it when returns showed
the Democrats retaining their
numerical edge. Khrushchev
solved his difficulties more typi
cally. Ho purged peaceably,
this time a number of Kremlin
brass and gave some of the
younger boys a chance to solve
persistent farm and industrial
problems.
If they had had their phone
in during the year, K and K
could have talked about the
troubles they were having with
those two agrarian reformers
Hao Tse-Tung and Billie Sol
Estes or what to make of the
European Common Market or
the Catholic Church's Ecume
nical Council, or the revolt in
Yemen or the purging of Sta
linist Premier Anton Yugov in
Bulgaria, or the strike of doctors
in Saskatchewan.
Being a professed atheist
Khruschev might have good na-
turedly prodded the President
a bit about the Supreme Court's
ruling against a school prayer.
Kennedy might have countered
by asking whether Mikoyan real
ly did call Castro a screwball,
And maybe they could have
forgotten their cares for awhile
pondering the year's most
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Franco Hikes
Wage Scale 1
MADRID, Spain W General
issimo Franco has nearly
doubled the minimum wage of
Spain's unskilled force. Now
they'll make about 100 pesetas
$1.66 a day.
Franco in a radio-television
New Year's broadcast called for
increased industrial production
but warned that Spain could
not hope to achieve wage parity
with richer nations immedi
ately. Franco increased the mini
mum wage for the unskilled
from 36 to 60 pesetas (60 cents
to $1), The minimum is boosted
to about 100 pesetas by such
supplements as three entra
months pay a year, Sunday pay
and vacation pay.
A government spokesman
said the new scale would bene
fit IS per cent of Spain's labor
force of the nine million men
and women. The National Eco
nomic Council announced per
itanttn In.nma in Cnain nc-t
10.8 per cent in 1961.
i
CENTRE