PU SBxz EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Tburi., Oct 29, 1962
Clusters of Poles Dot
Earth's Polar Regions
WASHINGTON If the earth'f poles were
real ihafta Initead of imaginary points, the
polar areas would look like pincushions.
Dotting these regions are the geographic
North and South Poles, the geomagnetic poles,
the principal magnetic dip poles where free
awing magnetized needles point straight down
or up, and clusters of minor magnetic poles.
Best known, of course, are the North and
South Poles, the ends of the imaginary axis on
which the earth spins, the National Geographic
Society says.
The geomagnetic north and south poles
represent the terminals of a line running
through a hypothetical magnet near the earth's
center. The axis is tilted about 12 degrees
from that of the geographic poles.
The north geomagnetic pole is near Thule,
Greenland, and the south is in Antarctica, 791
miles from the South Pole. The geographical
and- geomagnetic poles are fixed points.
The actual magnetic poles, however, wan
der about according to changes in the earth's
magnetic field. They seem to drift about the
Canadian Arctic and the South Pacific near
Antarctica without any known pattern of move
ment. These poles are not even directly op
posite each other.
Ten years ago, the magnetic north pole was
on the northwest edge of Prince of Wales Is
land in the Canadian Arctic. Since then, the
pole has advanced northward across 60-mile-wide
Barrow Strait to southern Bathurst Is
land. .
The magnetic poles exist because the earth
itself is a huge magnet surrounded by a mag
netic field. The field is made up of invisible
lines of force running roughly north and south.
These lines can be pictured as billions of little
wires, arching outward at the Equator but
bending back to the earth's surface in both
hemispheres. Some lines loop far above the
earth in equatorial regions and enter the earth
near the poles.
The areas where these lines enter or leave
the earth vertically are the magnetic, or dip,
poles. Thus the magnetic field is vertical, and
free-swinging magnetic needles point down or
up. This explains why an ordinary compass is
useless in polar regions.
Because the earth's magetism Is irregular,
the lines of force do not strike the earth's
surface at a single point. So there are clusters
of minor magnetic poles. Curiously, the north
magnetic pole's cluster forms an ellipse; the
south'! a circle.
About 100 permanent observatories around
the world, many temporary stations, and spe
cifically equipped airplanes constantly meas
ure the earth's magnetic fields. Using the data
gathered, scientists known as magneticians
periodically bring world charts up to date.
Navigators use the charts to determine
how far from true north their compasses vary
at different locations. Hidden deposits of mag
netic material, such as iron ore, also may af
fect a compass.
The earth's magnetism varies in the course
of time. In the middle latitudes, electrical cur
rents high in the atmosphere cause changes of
about one-fifth a degree between morning and
afternoon. Forces deep within the earth cause
changes in compass direction which may
amount to 30 degrees or more over two or
three centuries.
Ask Andy
Aardvark Has No Relatives
Andy sends a complete, 20
volume set of the World Book
Encyclopedia to Patty Jen
kins, 15, of Washington, III.,
for her question:
ARE THERE AARDVARKS
IN CAPTIVITY?
This fellow was discovered
by the Dutch who settled South
Africa and he was like no ani
mal they had ever seen. The
scientists thought that he was
related to the anteater of South
America, but they have since
changed their minds. They now
agree with the Dutch settlers.
The aardvark is like no other
animal in the world.
The Dutch settlers of South
Africa gave this unique animal
its name which means earth-pig.
True, he burrows in the earth
sometimes faster than a person
can dig him out. True, he has
some pig-like features. His
coarse, thick skin is covered
with short bristles, he has a
long- pig-type snout and he
grunts. But here the likeness
ends.
The aardvark may be 6-feel
long and a long tapering
tail makes up about a third of
this length. He stands on short,
stubby legs and his spine arches
up in a high hump. His head is
crowned with a pair of mule
type ears and his eyes are
capped with dropping lids. He
lives on a diet of ants and ter
mites and in character the
aardvark is one of the shyest
of all animals.
It is not easy to keep the
strange fellow in captivity. The
termites on which he feeds
build nests of hardened mud
five or six feet high and these
busy builders are plentiful in
the wilds of Africa. It is not
easy to supply a captive aard
vark with his natural food.
What's more, he is a fast and
skillful burrower. Unless he is
trapped in a very sturdy home,
the aardvark soon digs his way
out of captivity.
But these needs have been
met and many aardvarks have
been kept in captivity. How
ever, the early Dutch settlers
of South Africa soon found that
their strange native animal was
a disappointing zoo member.
They could capture him and
meet his food and housing
needs. But the aardvark refused
to go on display.
First, the aardvark tended to
keep out of sight. What's more,
he avoided the daylight. In the
wild state he spends the day
dozing underground and comes
out to do his foraging after
dark.
Zoologists classify the aard
vark in an order all his own.
Andy awards each day a full net
of tha World Book Encyclopedia
for the flrat queitlon ha lelecta
to answer. When a gecond ques
tion la answered a large world
globe or atlas Is awarded. Ques
Uons are accepted from teenage
or less-than-teen-age readers. They
should be addressed to the Register-Guard,
97ft High St., Eugene.
Andy prefers that questions be
written on postcards, rather than
In letter form.
However, the South African
aardvark is not quite unique
for he has a close cousin in
Northeast Africa. They are
classified as two species of the
same family and the same or
derand they have no other
relatives in the world.
e
Andy sends a Hammond's
Library World Atlas to Jimmy
J,a Barbera,, JO, of Brook
field, Wis., for his question:
WHERE IS MICRONESIA?
The name of this place means
the Little Islands but there is
far more water in it than land.
Micronesia is a vast area of the
Pacific Ocean stretching east
ward from the Philippines.
There are more than 2,500 little
islands separated by these
dreamy, tropical waters. The
Marshall! and the Marianas, the
Gilberts and the Carolines are
clusters of Micronesian Islands.
Wake Island is one of tha lone
isles of Micronesia.
In the whole of Micronesia
there is about 1,400 square miles
of dry land. The islands would
fit into about one fiftieth part
of the state of Wisconsin. Some
are low coral islands, some are
humps of old volcanoes and
most of them have less than half
a square mile of land.
Weather Extremes
In Bahia Felix, Chile, rain
falls an average of 325 days a
year. But Iquique, Chile, farther
north, once went 14 years with
out any rain at all,
To Your Good Health
Milk Diet
Termed
Inferior
By DH. JOSEPH G. MOLNER
Dear Dr. Molner: I am on a
milk diet. Raw milk is rather
hard to get, so instead of the
pasteurized variety, would
you recommend buttermilk
from a dairy? MRS. E. M.
Pasteurization was adopted
because it prevents so many
diseases, such as undulant fever,
tuberculosis and typhoid fever.
These and others have been
traced to milk that became con
taminated, either because of
disease in cattle, or some other
source.
Pasteurization doesn't change
the nutritional value of milk.
It simply destroys germs.
Raw milk is dangerous. Don't
take a chance.
I don't suppose I can quibble
with people who insist on trying
a milk diet. It is not as good as
balanced one of elements
which milk alone cannot provide.
Drink buttermilk if you pre
fer. But it also requires pasteur
ization.
Dear Doctor: Is it all right
to drink milk with your meal?
Someone tells me that one
should drink only water with
the meal, and milk after
wards. Is this true?
MRS. E. D., JR,
"Someone." T rpprAt in av U
trying to foist off on you an old
Wives' tale. There's nn rrauin
why you shouldn't drink milk
wun your meals.
Dear Dr. Molner: What
causes my ears to ring? I am
not bothered with wax R.R.
There are several causes other
than wax. I've had so many in
quiries on the subject that I ve
rounded things up in a booklet
called "Ear Noises: Their Causes
and Cures." To receive -a copy,
send ten cents in coin for print
ing and handling costs, and a
stamped, self-addressed enve
lope. Just write to me in care
of this newspaper and ask for
"Ear Noises.
Dear Dr. Molner: Would
eating half a grapefruit after
each meal aggravate ar
thritis? B.D.R.
No.
Dear Dr. Molner: What is
the average weight for a girl,
barely 11, who is 4 feet 9Vt
inches tall and weighs 89
pounds. She doesn't look too
heavy or fat except for a tum
my or spare tire. She has
never lost her baby tummy.
Should she diet? MRS. M.T.
She's slightly above average
in height and weight for her
age. Part of her "tummy" may
be poor posture. She undoubt
edly will "streamline" at puber
ty. Does she get plenty of ex
ercise? I'd doubt if any reducing is
necessary. About 2,000 calories
a day are normal for a child of
her age and size.
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