Page IOC EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD, Sunday, Jen. 21. 196J
A Normal Day Is 12 Hours
Defense Secretary Supercharged
EDITORS NOTE Th e V.S.
kept out of war in 1961 but
Us military headquarters, the
Pentagon, Haw tome brisk sktr
mishing. There were battles
over the reserves callup, muz
zling of top brass, budgets and
ballistic missiles. In the mid
dle was Defense Secretary Mc
Namara, hired to be tough
and able. How tough and how
able was he?
By FRED S. HOFFMAN
Of the AuocUttd I'reii
WASHINGTON UWMidnight
(truck as the tall, slender man
hefted a bulging briefcase and
stepped from the big black
limousine.
He paused at the curb
thought a moment, then turned
to the chauffeur and asked
"can you be-back here early?"
"How early, sir?" the chauf
fer said.
"About 4 o'clock," replied
Robert Strange McNamara, Sec
rotary of Defense, before riis-
' appearing into his comfortable
home.
Four hours later, the still
dumbfounded chauffeur drove
tip the shadowed, silent street
and there was McNamara, wait
ing at the curb.
The 45-year-old McNamara
has an unflagging energy that
has won grudging admiration
even from some of his critics.
Not Typical
Of course, this wasn't a typi
cal night.
It happened last Scptcmher
while McNamara was spending
long hours before a Senate com
mittee and other long hours at
his Pentagon desk, catching up
with backloggcd work. It was at
a time, too, when the Berlin
crisis military buildup was be
ing set in motion.
But ths inciden' gives a
glimpse of the vay McNamara
has driven himself in his first
year as ' President Kennedy's
defense chief.
For McNamara a 12-hour
working day is normal. He's
generally striding into the
Pentagon about 7:19 a.m an
hour before most of the civil
service workers start streaming
to their desks.
On Saturday, when most of
Washington officialdom is re
laxing, McNamara generally can
he found in his spacious office
at least part of the da. It's not
uncommon for the defense chief
to drop by on Sundays as well.
Avoids Socializing
McNamara hasn't made much
ot a dent on this capital social
ly. He avoids tho cockluiland
banquet circuit as much as pos
sible. But his Imprint or the
sprawling military establish
ment is deep and unmistakable.
His rimless glasses, somewhat
bookish look and shy smile con
vey a deceptively mild impres
sion which belies his basic
toughness.
If there is any one outstand
ing characteristic of his first
year in the Pentagon it la the
clear establishment of firm ci
vilian control.
There are those in the uni
formed services who complain
privately that the military pro
fessionals havo been shunted in
to a secondary role in the deci-sinn-miiking
process.
A reporter who roams the
corridors of the Pentagon some
times hears caustic remarks
about the "whiz kids" the
band of civilian theorists and
managers McNamara has
brought into tho Defense De
partment. Prodding Military
Aides of McNamara deny tho
military professionals are being
pushed aside. They note that
the secretary meets regularly
with the Joint Chiefs of Staff
and consults at other times with
individual service chiefs.
What the civilian leadership
Is doing, they say, is to try to
prod the military into faster re
actions to policy decisions.
"Wo arc in the process of
making military policy more re
sponsive to over-all national pol
icy, particularly foreign policy,
tinder civilian direction and
control," one of McNamara's
aides told a reporter.
r t . 1 ii"iM
Long
Day
(AP Wircphoto)
End of a long day finds Robert McNa
' mara, secretary of defense, putting pa
pers into his briefcase before leaving his
Pentagon office for his home in Wash
ington. In addition to complicated work
in his office, McNamara spent many
hours before Congress committees dur
ing his first year.
The term "civilian direction
and control" is a key one. It is
a fundamental objective of
President Kennedy, who told
Congress last Mar. 28:
"Our arms must be subject to
ultimate civilian control and
command at all times, in war as
well as peace."
Good Year
As his first year in the Pen
tagon drew to a close, McNa
mara summed up what had hap
pened in that time and found it
good.
We have strengthened our
nuclear strike force, so that it
is a more powerful deterrent to
potential aggressors, he said.
'We have increased the capa
bility of our strategic forces to
survive even a massive attack,
and we have improved our com
mand and control arrangements
so that the temptation to an ag
gressor to attempt another
Pearl Harbor is considerably re
duced. "We have added to our non
nuclear forces, so that the
range of military options open
to us is greatly increased.
"We have assumed a new and
expanded program for civil de
fense so that we can improve
our non-military defenses, along
with our military defenses,
against the distant hut terrible
possibility of a major thermonu
clear exchange."
From all indications, McNa
mara and Kennedy have meshed
well, and the defense secretary
is rated as one of the most in
fluential figures in the adminis
tration. McNamara and Kennedy met
for the first time only a few
days before the then President
elect announced his selection
for the cabinet post in Decem
ber 1060.
Pay Cut
When McNamara took the
oath of office on Jan. 21, 1061,
ho traded a $SOO,000-a-ycar in
como as president of the Ford
Motor Co. for $25,000 as a gov
ernment official.
In addition, McNamara
cashed in stock investments
which would have yielded him
an estimated $3 million over
three or four years.
He said then it was worth it
and there is no outward sign
that he ever has regretted the
decision.
The first year of the McNa
mara regime has seen a number
of significant moves toward uni
fication something which had
eluded most previous secre
taries of defense as the Individ
ual services reluctantly gave
ground.
Under McNamara's direction
the separate intelligence opera
tions of the services were com
bined into a Defense Intelli
gence Agency. Such a step had
been urged as far back as 1946
when a congressional commit
tee determined intelligence
lapses contributed to the Pearl
Harbor disaster.
Supply Agency
To end duplication and the
sometimes cost-boosting compe
tition between the services
he ordered creation of a De
fense supply agency to buy
items like clothing, automotive
supplies and other goods used
by the Army, Navy, Air Force
and Marines alike.
Eventually, this agency could
control an inventory worth
about $21 billion. Planners en
vision savings of between $2
billion and $4 billion.
One of the most significant
actions was creation of a strike
command a' unified organiza
tion combining elements of the
Army's "Fire Brigade" strategic
reserve and the Air Force's Tac
tical Air Command.
This means that the fighting
men and the planes assigned to
carry them swiftly to trouble
spots around the globe are being
placed under single direction,
responsible to the Joint Chiefs
of Staff.
One of the major objectives
of the McNamara group has
been to develop what is called
a "controllable deterrent" force
safeguarded from destruction in
any first enemy strike and able
to mount a devastating counter
attack. New Approach
Outlining the aim to Congress,
McNamara put it this way:
"In re evaluating our general
war position, our major concern
was to reduce our dependence
on deterrent forces which arc
highly vulnerable to ballistic
missile attack or which rely for
their survival on a hair-trigger
response to the first indications
of such an attack.
"Conversely, we sought to
place greater emphasis en the
second approach the kind of
forces which could ride out a
massive nuclear attack end
which could be applied with de
liberation and always under the
complete control of the consti
tuted authority."
Accordingly, the Kennedy ad
ministration increased from
about one-third to one-half the
proportion of tho nation's stra
tegic bombers that is on 15-
minute ground alert. It also
boosted sharply the Polaris mis
sile submarine program and
hastened plans to emplace re
liable, quick-to-fire Minuteman
intercontinental ballistic mis
siles in underground firing sites.
In this same realm, steps
were taken to improve this
country's air defense system
Machinery was built into the
command and control system to
guard against war by accident
or miscalculation.
In July, Kennedy shifted re
sponsibility for civil defense to
the Defense Department and a
revitalized effort got under way.
This year, the administration
hopes to hit stride with a $700
million fallout shelter program.
Range of Choices
Another basic objective of
the Kennedy administration and
McNamara was to build up con
ventional forces.
As many Pentagon officials
have expressed it, the idea was
to give the President a range of
military choices so he would not
have to decide only between the
extremes of a humiliating sur
render and ail-out nuclear war.
In this field, action was taken
to strengthen Army and Marine J
ground forces, to provide more i
airlift and scalift, to increase I
tactical air support of ground
troops in a limited war situation, i
and to equip the troops and
navy ships with the latest con-1
vcntional arms and modern
equipment. j
As this two-pronged effort
was taking shape, Russia heated
up the long-standing Berlin dis-:
pute. I
In close consultation with I
Kennedy, McN .mara presided I
over the beef-up ;n U.S. military
strength by about a quarter of
a million men to help show the
Russians this country did not
intend to be pushed out of Bcr
lin.
Complaints Came In
To meet the military man- j
power needs in the shortest ,
possible time, the Pentagon !
called up 156,000 Army, Navy, 1
Air Force and Marine reservists
and Army and Air National
Guardsmen.
There were complaints from !
some of the guardsmen and re-,
servists about poor quarters, :
clothing and equipment short
ages, about having little to do
in training camp.
McNamara's reaction to the
complaints was sharp and direct.
When he heard that Rep. Al
vin O'Konski, R-Wis., was voic
ing charges of "criminal negli
gence" in handling the callup
of the Wisconsin 32nd National j
Guard Division, McNamara
reached for his phone and told
Secretary of the Army Elvis J.
Stahr Jr.:
"Get the Inspector General
out there right away." I
Maj. Gen. Edward H. McDan
iel, the Army's IG, flew out j
promptly to Ft. Lewis, Wash., ;
and reported back in a few days, i
He said some of the complaints '
were true to a degree.
The Army then announced .
inadequacies were being corrcc-,
ted.
Off the experience in the Reserve-Guard
callup, the Penta- j
gon is taking a new look at
whether to rely on such forces
to meet Berlin-type crises in
the future. 1
Rely on Regulars
Indications are the Pentagon
will depend more on larger rcg-;
ular forces to meet cold war i
flareups, and hold the Guard
and Reserve for longer-range '
mobilization.
McNamara, who spent more I
than 88 hours testifying before !
Senate and House committees
last session, likely will find him
self explaining his policies in
this field to congressmen during
the 1962 session.
The House Veterans Commit
tee has announced intentions to
hold hearings on the Reserve
Guard callup. Others may follow
suit.
The Defense secretary almost
certainly will trek to the Capitol
to defend anew his policies on
controlling the public utterances
of high ranking officers.
REGISTER NOW . . . for FEBRUARY CLASSES
1962
Union Leader Says His Job Like Cleric's
By It AI, 1,1(111 AI.I.SHIinOK
Ot the AlsorUtrd Prmi
NEW YORK inHarry Van
Arsdale Jr. sometimes compares
his role of union leader with
that of a clergyman.
He says he believes rarh has
sacred trust and that he
should live humbly and not
rount the long hours he puts in
for members of his flock.
Now 56, the stocky, grey
haired Van Arsdalo is one of
the nation's ablest and most
prominent union leaders. Ho is
considered a possible successor
to George Meany as head of
the AFI.CIO.
Ilia name ha been in the
rrews la-tely a head of Local 3
c-f Hie BtwMrerke M Elect riral
tSieukoKt! wlweh k just won a
IHmHtkh a strike against
bivlt 'w t'' , siilltimillion
jjttVtn misjtrli rtotry.
"ifs VMft ' previous
1W,Qtt8l eHy re-
. Ww iint board with
JQfat Aar ltit7 that has
He Won the Five-Hour Day
built a $20 million low-cost
apartment project large enough
to house 2.000 of the local's
30,000 members.
Convalescent Home
A 80-room mansion on 300
acre Long Island estate was
purchased and converted into a
union convalescent home.
A scholarship program is send
ing 277 children of union mem
bers to college.
Each year three union rep
resentatives go abroad on good
will, vacation and study trips.
I'nion workers are sent to
schools to broaden their educa
tion horizons and develop leader
ship and a stronger jense of
community responsibility.
And with all of these fringe
benefits, the local's members
are among the highest paid
unionists in the nation. The
9.000 involved in the strike
have been working a six hour,
five day week with a guaran
teed extra hour esrh day at
overtime ratrs
This brought their weekly
earnings to $105.
Now. under the reduced work
week they will get slightly lower
pay. They will work five hours
a day at $4 06 an hour, plus an
extra hour of overtime, for a
weekly wage of $161.20. In some
instances, however, a union
member may he employed for
as many as 15 hours overtime
a week, which would bring his
pay to $235.60.
Nothing New
Shorter working hours are
nothing new to Van Arsdale. His
union has had a basic six-hour
day since 1934. He began his
campaign fnr a four-hour day
back in 19."'H
I'niiins. he said "must
work up an entirely new set of
values" and stop emphasizing
a "six-cent raise this year and
another six-cent raise next
year."
He predicted that hundred
of thousands of workers would
be mad permanently unem
ployed unless the country gets
ready for a four-hour day.
Van Arsdale today envisions a
time when the nation's work
force will work four hours daily
and spend four hours studying
in colleges and schools.
"In our struggle to maintain
peace in freedom," he says, "we
must enlist the understanding
of the people, Understanding
can come through enriucatinn."
Rom in the rough hell's kitch
en section of New York, he was
forced to end his own education
in the second year of high
school.
His father also was an elec
trician and union man. Van Ars
dale still lives with his wife in
the ramshackle cottage she
helped him build years aco.
$10,100 a Year
He receives $10,400 a year
for running the big local and his
friends say he works 16 hours a
day.
His guiding slogan is one he
got from a Texas-born labor
official yean ago. if Is:
"Give me the hills to rlimb
and the strength to climb them."
SMU SCMdPdDL
RIGIIT . . .
proper running position as
taught in the Register-Guard
ki school. Hip and heel at
right angle with skis.
'mm
WltO'G . . .
Try to avoid "Back seat
chuss,"
WEDELN . . .
with sideslipping and spread
of the skis into a snowplow.
As taught in the Register
Guard ski school.
SKI SCHOOL
FACTS:
School Director is
George Amis, certified
PNSIA instructor.
School will be held at
Willamette Pass Ski area
on Highway 58.
Cost of four consecutive
lessons (cither Saturdays
or Sundays) is S12. With
transportation furnished
from Eugene by Grey
hound bus, $22.
Pupils may enroll under
these choices: Four con
secutive Saturdays in
February or Four Sun
days in February.
Rus or lesson tickets are
not transferable.
Instruction for beginning
beginners, beginners, in
termediates and advanced.
Each day's session will
run from 10:30 a m. 'til
noon and from 1 p.m.
'til 2:00 p.m.
Ruses will leave the
Greyhound terminal at
R a m. and will depart
from the ski area for
Eugene at 4 p.m.
One of the instructors
will he assigned to each
bus as chapcronc.
Applications mint be in
by January 26th.
Rus seats arc limited
and will be assigned in
order of application.
A certificate will be giv
en to each person com
pleting their class.
R.isic ski niu i p m e n t
(skis, bmdinys, poles
and bmitsl can be rented
for $3 50 per day Rent
als are s,i,ihlp at ski
and a p o rt i n g goods
stores as well as at th
ski area.
GEORGE ARNIS
DIRECTOR IN CHARGE
A word about Mr. Amis. He be
gan his skiing career in Colo
rado where he became a class A
racer. Ha is presently director
of Willamette Mountain Ski
School and a Certified instruc
tor. Amis is also a member ot
the Pacific Northwest Ski In
structors Association.
The Register-Guard ski school
will be teaching the American
technique, which will include
all phases of skiing from walk
ing to wcdcln. It is approved by
both the P.N.S.I.A. and the Na
tional Ski Association.
Teaching in this Certified Ski
School will be 2 certified teach
ers, 1 associate certified teach
er and 25 registered instructors.
The school is prepared for 300
students in each session. Small
classes (maximum of 15), under
the direction of one instructor,
will assure the finest training
In safe skiing.
CLASS
CATEGORIES-
BEGINNING
BEGINNER:
A One who has never had skis on.
BEGINNER:
One who has attempted skiing
but does not know how.
INTERMEDIATE:
One who skis occasionally but
lacks confidence, has bad habits
and a weak turn In one er both
directions.
ADVANCED:
One who has skied a number of
years and can negotiate most
types of terrain and snow con
ditions but who desirei to
smooth out and polish his technique.
HERE'S MY APPLICATION FOR THE
EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD'S
1962 SKI SCHOOL
Please enroll me In the Register-Guard's 1962 Ski School. I am enclosing my entry
fee with this application. I understand that my Ski School ticket! will be mailed to
me. (signature of parent or guardian necessary for those who have not reached their
18lh birthday.)
In consideration of your accepting this application, I hereby, for myself, my heirs,
executors and administrators, waive and release the Guard Publishing Co., employees,
successors, their representatives, and assigns, for any and all injuries to person or prop
erty by the undersigned or by any of them at said Ski School sessions and traveling to
and from same, except such as may result from the willful wrong of the Guard Pub
lishing Co.
NAME
ADDRESS CITY
PHONE AGE
SIGNED:
(signature of parent or guardian if under 18)
Important . . check the group you wish to be enrolled int
SATURDAY, Feb. 3, 10, 17, 24 ($12) with transportation ($22)
SUNDAYS, Feb. 4, 11, 18, 25 ($12) with transportation ($22)
NO REFUNDS NON TRANSFERABLE
Placo Mo In At Beginning beginners class
beginners class Intermediate class
advanced class
ir Applications may be mailed with lees to:
In this case tickets will be mailed back to you.
SKI SCHOOL DIRECTOR
EUGENE REGISTER-GUARD
EUGENE, OREGON
Applications and money may be brought Into the Register-Guard. Ask (or Mrs.
Helen SpUlefc Promotion Department, Monday through Friday, 10th Street entrance.